per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-09
1
4
248
258
article
Comparison of the Performance of Corn Starch Coagulant Aid Accompany with Alum, Polyaluminum Chloride and Ferric Chloride Coagulants in Turbidity Removal from Water
Leila Mosleh
1
Seyed Hossein Seyed Hossein
2
Reza Deihim Fard
3
Korous Khoshbakht
4
Afsane Shahbazi
5
Department of Environmental Pollutant, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Environmental Pollutant, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Environmental Pollutant, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Environmental Pollutant, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Background: The most important process in water treatment plant is coagulation and flocculation. Regular chemical coagulant which used in Iran are aluminum sulfate (Alum) and ferric chloride. Chemical coagulants have hazardous effect on human health and their cost is high for developing country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparison of chemical coagulants accompany with corn starch as a coagulant aid, for the turbidity removal from water.
Methods: This study was accomplished in pilot-scale with synthetic turbid water using clay. In this research, initial turbidity of 250 and 500 NTU was experimented. Chemical coagulant dose during the experiment was 1, 2 and 5 ppm and natural coagulant dose was 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 ppm.
Results: The results showed that maximum removal efficiency of turbidity in initial turbidity of 250 NTU belonged to poly aluminum chloride with 5 ppm dosage and corn starch with 0.7 ppm dosage which removed and reduced the initial turbidity to 98.48% and 3.73 NTU, respectively. Moreover, in initial turbidity of 500 NTU the maximum removal efficiency was 98.52% which belonged to ferric chloride and corn starch (5 and 0.7 ppm respectively) and reduced the initial turbidity to 7.4 NTU.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that using natural coagulant aid reduce the chemical coagulant consumption, and also does not have significant effect on pH range and reduce the health risks. While huge amount of required polyelectrolytes for water treatment plant imported to the country and the production of corn starch in our country is high, it is hope that the results of this project can be used in industrial scale.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf
Poly aluminum chloride
Alum
Ferric chloride
Corn starch
Coagulation and flocculation.
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alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-09
1
4
259
270
article
Removal of 2,4 Di-Chlorophenol Using Persulfate Activated with Ultrasound from Aqueous Solutions
Abdolmotaleb Seid Mohammadi
1
Ghorban Asgari
2
Halime Almasi
3
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Background: Chlorophenols are an abundant class of xenobiotic compounds which is excessively available in industrial effluent which are resist to biological degradation and stable in the environment for exceptionally long periods of time. Therefore, the removal of 2,4 di-chlorophenol (2,4 DCP) from aqueous solutions is recommended due to its toxicity and health risks.
Methods: In this study, the removal of 2,4 DCP using persulfate activated with
ultrasonic waves in frequency of 40 kHz was studied. The effects of operational
parameters such as pH of solution (3-10), initial concentration of 2,4 DCP (50-
100mg/L), the amount of persulfate concentration (1-5 mM) and different ionic
strength in different contact time were investigated.
Results: Results of the study indicated that the 2,4 DCP removal rate was
influenced by operational parameters such as pH of solutions, persulfate concentration,
contact time and initial concentration of 2,4 DCP and is not related to ionic strength
in different amount. The optimal conditions were achieved in pH=3, persulfate
concentration of 4 mM and initial concentration of 50mg/L of th organic matter
which more than 95% of 2,4 DCP was removed in 60 min.
Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that combined ultrasonic and persulfate process in optimal conditions, as a acceptable alternative, can be used as an alternative technology for treatment of various industrial wastewater contained 2,4 DCP.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf
Wastewater treatment
Aqueous solutions
Ultrasonic waves
Persulfate
2
4 di-chlorophenol
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-09
1
4
271
280
article
The Efficiency of Residues of Rosa Damasena Powder in Removing Reactive Red 198 Dye from Synthetic Textile Effluent
Mohammad Miri
1
Reza Ali Fallahzadeh
2
Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian
3
Maryam Gholami
4
Rana Mahdavifar
5
Ali Reza Shahriyari
6
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Abarkouh Paramedical school, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Background: Reactive dyes have extensively been used in textile industries, the effluence of the waste containing such dyes into water resources can pose hazardous effects on the environment and to the human health because of their carcinogenic, mutagenic, allergenic and toxic nature. The present research was performed to study the efficiency of residues of Rosa Damasena powder in removing Reactive red 198 dye from aqueous solutions.
Methods: In the present experimental study, effects of various operating parameters such as pH (4-10), initial concentration of dye (25 and 50 mg/L), contact time (15-180 mines) and adsorbent dosage (0.2-0.6 g/L) were investigated.
Results: Result showed that maximum adsorption capacity of the residues of Rosa Damasena powder was 5.19 mg/g at pH 4, contact time of 120 min and adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g/L. Besides, the equilibrium data were also fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherm models which the data better fitted with Freundlich (R2=0.913) model than Langmuir's (R2=0.825).
Conclusion: According to results of the present study, it was found that residues of Rosa damasena powder has a high capacity to remove Reactive red 198 dye from aqueous solutions and textile industry wastewater.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf
Reactive red 198
Surface adsorption
Natural absorbent
residues of Rosa Damasena powder.
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-09
1
4
281
292
article
Dispersion Modeling of CO with AERMOD in South Pars fourth Gas Refinery
Farideh Atabi
1
Farzaneh Jafarigol
2
Mahmoudreza Momeni
3
Mohammad Salimian
4
Gholamreza Bahmannia
5
Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research
Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of the Environment and Energy, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research
Vehicle, Fuel and Environment Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4th Gas Plant -South Pars Gas Complex (SPGC), Asaluyeh, Bushehr, Khozestan, Iran
Background: Air quality modeling can be considered as a useful tool to predict air quality in future and determine the control strategies of emissions abatement. In this study, AERMOD dispersion model has been applied as a tool for the analysis of the values of CO emissions from the stacks and flares of South Pars fourth Gas Refinery located in Asaluyeh.
Methods: First, the values of CO emissions from the refinery's stacks and flares were investigated by measurement and using the emission factors in four seasons of 2013. Then, dispersion of pollutants was predicted by using the AERMOD model in the region with area of 10×10 km2 in each direction of x and y, in average times of 1, 3, 8, 24-hours and for the annual statistical period. Then the predicted and field measurement values in 9 receptors have been compared.
Results: Statistical evaluation showed that the correlation coefficient values for CO were 0.85 in spring, 0.89 in summer, 0.96 in fall, and 0.95 in winter. The maximum concentration of CO was occurred in local scale of 10×10 km2.
Conclusion: Comparison of maximum 1-hour and 8-hour concentrations of the predicted results with the national and international standards showed that CO concentration is higher than standard values. In total, according to the evaluation of the predictions made, the performance of AERMOD model was acceptable in prediction of CO concentrations in the study area.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf
Gas Refinery
Modeling
Statistical Analysis
CO
AERMOD
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-09
1
4
293
300
article
The Relationship between Hardness of Drinking Water with High Blood Pressure Over 30 Years in Rural Population of Divandarreh City in 2014
Adel Zahraei
1
Sayed Mehdi Ghasemi
2
Maryam Moradniya
3
Kamaladdin Karimyan
4
Department of Disease Control, Health Center of Divandarah city, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Sanandaj, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center of Sari city, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Qazvin, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Center of Divandarah city, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Sanandaj, Iran
drinking water and the reduction in the risk of blood pressure (P value<0.05). Also, the results showed that the degree of correlation (R) between the two variables for drinking water hardness levels and the percentage of high blood pressure in men was (-0.496) and in women was (-0.512) and in the total population over 30 years was (-0.61).
Conclusion: Use of water with medium to high degree of hardness can reduce the risk of high blood pressure and consequently the risk of cardiovascular disease.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf
Water hardness
High blood pressure
Relationship
Divandarreh.
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-09
1
4
301
311
article
Removal of Tetracycline from Synthetic Solution by Natural LECA
Mohammad Noori Sepehr
1
Samira Mohebi
2
Shiva Abdlollahi Vahed
3
Mansur Zarrabi
4
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Background: Antibiotic in environment can be accumulated in soil and sediment and then adversely affect the ecosystem function as well as decrease the natural degradation rate of pollutants by producing a antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The antibiotic-resistant genes can also transfer to drinking water resources and then, leading untreatable human disease.
Methods: Natural LECA was supported from rural resources and washed with deionized water for several time and then used as natural adsorbent. The adsorbents were characterized with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and X ray diffract meter (XRD). All experiments were conducted in a batch reactor. Various parameters such as initial adsorbent mass (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/L), initial antibiotic concentration (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L), initial solution pH (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) and contact time (1-210 min) were investigated.
Results: The Results of present work showed the high removal efficiency of the adsorbent for adsorption of Tetracycline from aqueous solution. Higher removal efficiency was observed for Tetracycline at pH 3, 180 min contact time, 10 g/L of adsorbent dose and 200 mg/L of initial antibiotic concentration. In optimum condition, up to 49% of tetracycline was removed.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present work well demonstrated that natural LECA as an inexpensive adsorbent could remove effectively the antibiotics namely Tetracycline from aqueous solution.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf
LECA
Tetracycline
Antibacterial resistance
Batch system.
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-09
1
4
312
328
article
Evaluation of the Removal of Ammonium by Kaolin, Synthesized Zeolite Produced from Kaolin and Magnetic Zeolit from Aqueous Solutions
Zahra Rahmani
1
Alireza Rahmani
2
Yousef Poureshgh
3
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Background: Ammonium has introduced to environment by various resources such as industrial, domestic and agricultural effluents. Ammonium is toxic which can lead to oxygen depletion in the water and threating aquatic. On the current method for ammonium removal from water and wastewater is ion exchange and adsorption of the ion by zeolite. The objective of this study was removing of ammonium by Kaolin, zeolite synthesized from Kaolin and magnetic zeolite from aqueous solutions.
Methods: In this study, various concentrations of Kaolin and synthesized zeolite (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 g/l) within aqueous solution containing ammonium ions (1- 20 mg/l) with different contact time (10-240 min) and pH values (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) were probed. Using SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis, chemical characterization of synthesis Zeolite were studied.
Results: The maximum ammonium adsorption occurred at pH=7 and in 240 minutes contact time. By increasing initial concentration of ammonium, its sorption capacity was increased. However, by increasing the adsorbent dose, the removal efficiency was decreased. Optimum dosage of kaolin and zeolite was 2 g/L and 1.5 g/L, respectively. The isotherm data of ammonium were correlated reasonably well by Freundlich isotherm model. It was found that the adsorption of ammonium ion on kaolin, synthesis zeolite and magnetic zeolite followed pseudo-second order kinetic model.
Conclusion: This research confirmed that the adsorption of ammonium by Kaolin, synthesized Zeolite and magnetic Zeolite is a low-cost and high-efficient method.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf
Ammonium ion
Synthesized zeolite
Kaolin
Magnetic zeolite.
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-09
1
4
329
340
article
Optimization of Catalytic Ozonation Process for Formaldehyde Mineralization from Synthetic Wastewater by Fe/MgO Nanoparticles Synthesis by Sol-Gel Method by Response Surface Model
Ghorban Asgari
1
Alireza Rahmani
2
Javad Faredmal
3
Abdol Motaleb Seyedmohammadi
4
Jamal Mehralipour
5
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Students’ Research Committee (SRC), Faculty of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran
Background: Design experiment stages of formalin mineralization process by center composition design (CCD) cause ease of work, reducing the number of samples, increasing the accuracy of optimized conditions and the interaction parameters determined during the process. The aim of this study was optimization of catalytic ozonation process for formaldehyde mineralization from synthetic wastewater by Fe/MgO nanoparticles synthesis by sol-gel method by response surface model.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in a semi-batch reactor, using a RSM by taking 3 factors in the final stage of pH (7-9), reaction time (10-20 min) and catalyst dose (1.1-1.3 g/L) was investigated. Synthesis of nanoparticles was done by sol-gel method. The results were analyzed by Design Expert 7.0.1 software.
Results: The results showed that the process was dependent on the parameters studied and changing each parameter, affected the process efficiency and other parameters. The optimum conditions predicted for the process was 86.51% of mineralization efficiency. Optimum condition included pH=8.82, reaction time of 20 minute and catalyst dose of 1.3 g/L. The correlation coefficient for the process was determined 0.91.
Conclusion: Using a statistical model could reduce the number of experiments, the accuracy and the prediction process. The catalytic ozonation process has the ability to remove formaldehyde with high efficiency and the process was environmental friendly.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf
Formalin
Catalytic ozonation
Fe/MgO nanoparticles
Response surface model
Synthetic wastewater.