1 2383-3211 alborz university of medical sciences 255 Special Determination of Radon-222 and Thoron Concentration in Decorative Stone Warehouses Indoor Air and the Received Effective Dose by Staff Mahvi Amir Hossein Moradi Mahbobeh Moradi Bigard Fakhri Yadolah 1 6 2015 2 4 249 258 06 11 2015 06 11 2015 Background: Radon is a colorless, odorless, and radioactive gas that can be emitted from decorative stones such as granite, marble, etc. Inhaling radon gas in a long period may cause for incidence of lung cancer among peoples. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, Radon 222 and Thoron concentrations in background and indoor air were measured in four decorative stones warehouse using portable radon meter(RTM1688-2 model). Totally, 24 samples of 24- hours concentrations in indoor air and 24 samples of 4-hours concentrations of Radon 222 and thoron in the background air at three stages were measured. Then, received effective dose of Radon 222 and Thoron was calculated by UNSCEAR equations. Results: The mean radon concentrations for indoor and background air were 74±37 and 34±16 Bq/m3, respectively. The mean radon concentrations for indoor air in decorative stones warehouses for DSW1, DSW2, DSW3 and DSW4 were 72.50±34, 98.25±43, 34.42±18 and 88.92±51 Bq/m3, respectively. The received effective dose mean of Radon 222 and Thoron by the staff at 8 working hours was 0.53±0.18 and 0.05±0.03 mSv/y and in 16 working hours was 1.05±0.36 and 0.11±0.07 mSv/y, respectively. Generally, the mean received effective dose by staff from Radon at 8 and 16 working hours was 0.58±0.2  and 1.16±0.41 mSv/y, respectively. Conclusions: Radon concentration mean in indoor air and the received effective dose mean by staff was lower than the standards level. Decorative stone warehouses were the resources for accumulation of Radon gas that can be reduced by corrective actions.
188 Special Application of Heterognous Fenton Process Using Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles in Dimethylphthalate Removal from Aqueous Solutions Rahmani Ali Reza Samadi Mohammad Taghi Shokoohi Reza Zolghadr Nasab Hassan 1 6 2015 2 4 259 269 06 03 2016 06 03 2016 Background and purpose: Stability and sustainable [s1] of emerging synthetic compounds such as Dimethyl phthalate lead to increasing their concentrations in environment and food chain and health risks. Therefore, researchers are concern to achieve effective and efficient methods for removal these pollutions. This aim of this study was to evaluation of the efficiency of heterognous Fenton using Zero-valent iron nanoparticles in dimethylphthalate removal from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in laboratory scale in batch reactor. The effects of operational parameters such as reaction time (15 to 120 min), pH (2 to10), H2O2 concentrations (0.01 to 1 mmol/L), nZVI dose (0.01 to 0.5 mg/L) and initial concentrations of Dimethyl phthalate (2 – 50 mg /L) determined by one at a time method. Then effect of each heterogeneous Fenton regent was determined in dimethyl phthalate removal. Results: The results showed that maximum efficiency of heterognous Fenton process in dimethylphthalate removal occur at pH=4. Also at H2O2 concentration 0.1 mmol/L, nZVI dose 0.05 g/L, Dimethyl phthalate concentration 2 mg/L and reaction time 120 minute, amount of Dimethyl phthalate removal was 92.8%. Conclusion: According to the results, nZVI- heterognous Fenton process has appropriate efficiency in Dimethyl phthalate removal from aquatic solutions and can be assumed as an effective and applied method for removal similar compounds from industrial wastewater. 189 Special Evaluation of Nano-Magnet Chitosan Performance in Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions Hassanpour Mehri Khezri Mostafa Dehghanifard Emad 1 6 2015 2 4 270 282 06 03 2016 06 03 2016 Background & Objective: Nitrate is one of the hazardous contaminants in the aquatic environment that causes health problems. The nitrate concentrations higher than permitted potable water limit(10 mg/l) cause Methemoglobinema disease, Nitrosamine production, intestinal cancer, and etc. In the present study, removal of nitrate from aquatic solution using the nano-magnet chitosan was investigated. Materials and methods: Magnetic chitosan was prepared by co-precipitation method.  Effects of parameters such as pH(4-8), initial concentrations of nitrate and contact time(0,5,10,15,10,30,45,60,90,120,min) on nitrate removal from aqueous solution was studied. For nitrate removal mechanism study, Langmuir and freundlich isotherms and first order and second order kinetics were used. Results: The structure of the synthesis materials was characterized by SEM,XRD  and FTIR. According to the SEM method, the nano-magnet chitosan was about 50-100nm. The FTIR analysis show that nano-magnet chitosan is able to absorb nitrate and according to the XRD, there is iron at absorbent compound. The optimum nitrate adsorption occurred at pH 7, 6 g/l of adsorbent and 100 mg/l of initial nitrate concentration that higher of adsorption capacity was also attained at contact time 60 min, it was found high adsorption capacity (141/92 mg/g) and removal percentage (85/16%) for removal of nitrate anion. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that nano-magnet chitosan adsorbent can be used as an suitable adsorbent for removing nitrate anions from aquatic environments. 190 Special Evaluation of Diazinon Adsorption from Water Solutions Using Magnetic Carbon Nano-Tubes with Fe3O4 Mohseni-Bandpei Anoushiravan Fattahzadeh Masoud Rezaei Kalantary Roshanak Eslami Akbar 1 6 2015 2 4 283 293 06 03 2016 06 03 2016 Background and objective: Insecticides are one of the most important pollutants in water. Diazinon is one of the phosphorus pesticides that can be found in aquatic ecosystems in Iran. The toxic effect of diazinon is inhibition of the enzyme acetyl cholinesterase (Ache). In this study, MWCNT/ Fe3O4 efficiency was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this study, co-precipitation method was used for the Fe3O4 synthesis on multiwall carbon nanotube. The pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, pollutant concentrations and temperature parameters were investigated. Diazinon was measured by Gas chromatography method. Results: The results showed that the optimum conditions for diazinon removal were pH 6, contact time of 15 minutes, and  adsorption dose of 0.6 g/l. So, the absorption efficiency increases with increasing of temperature and decresing of pollutant concentration. The diazinon adsorption corresponded with Freundlich isotherm (R2> 0.99) more than Langmuir isotherm model (R2> 0.90). Conclusion: The results show that the magnetic carbon nanotubes with Fe3O4 can be suitable adsorbent for diazinon removal from aquatic environment.  191 Special Tetracycline Removal from Aqueous Solution by Nano Zero Valent Iron/UV/H2O2 Process Rahmani Kourosh Rahmani Ayat Rahmani Hasan Zare Mohammad Reza 1 6 2015 2 4 294 304 06 03 2016 06 03 2016 Background & Objectives: Nowadays, antibiotic residue presence in environment is a world concern, so there discharge control necessity is unavoidable.  The objective of this research was the study of Tetracycline removal from aqueous solution by Nano Zero Valent Iron/UV/H2O2 process. Methods: This research was a lab-scale experimental study that conducted in laboratory temperature. Synthetics wastewater with concentration of 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/l prepared from stock solution (500 mg/l). The effect of operational parameters such as pH, nano zero valent iron concentration, Tetracycline antibiotic concentration , UV Radiation , H2O2  concentration and contact time determined by one at  a time method. Tetracycline antibiotic concentrations determined by UV-HPLC equipment and COD variation analyzed during the study.  Results: The results showed that tetracycline antibiotics removal efficiency in optimum conditions and initial concentrations of 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/l were 85, 94, 100, and 78 percent, respectively. So COD removals were 35.4, 55.58, 60.3, and 33.85. Conclusion: Nano Zero Valent Iron/UV/H2O2 process is a efficient process to the removal of tetracycline antibiotic from the wastewater. So efficiency of this method can be evaluated in removal of other resistant antibiotics to biological treatment.  192 Special Efficacy of Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation Process (UV / Na2S2O8 / Fe2+) for Dimethyl Phtalate (DMP) Removal from Aqueous Solutions Yegane Badi Mojtaba Esrafili Ali Rezaei Kalantary Roshanak Azari Ali Ahmadi Ehsan Mokhtari Ahmad Gholami Mitra 1 6 2015 2 4 305 318 06 03 2016 06 03 2016 Background and objective: The chemical industries develepment causes discharge of synthetic chemical compounds such as organic esters and plasticizers into the environment. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are refractory, hazardous, and emerging compounds that they produce dysfunction in hormones and endocrine, reproductive problems and cancer. Also this compounds enter into the environment through industrial effluent and causing environmental problems. The purpose of this study was evaluating the the application of UV/ Na2S2O8 / Fe2+ for DMP removal from aqueous solution. Materials and Methods: In the present study, effects of variables including, pH, persulfate concentration, Fe2+ concentration and time were studied as laboratory scale in batch method. Residual concentrations of DMP were determined by HPLC at 254 nm. The impacts of in dependent parameters on DMP removal percent were evaluated with Multi simplex and the response level(box Behnken method). Results: In this study, pH = 11, persulfate concentration of 0.51 Mmol/L, Fe2+ concentration 0.08 Mmol/L for 90 minutes, as conditions were optimized. The results showed that the DMP removal by UV/ Na2S2O8 / Fe2+ process follows first order reaction. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that UV/ Na2S2O8 / Fe2+ process for removing DMP from aquatic environments, has high efficiency (98% removal under optimal conditions). According to the results of study, the UV/ Na2S2O8 / Fe2+ can be used as an effective method for removing DMP from the chemical industries. 193 Special Removal of P-chloro Phenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Chestnut Shell Modified by Sulfuric Acid: Study of Adsorption Kinetic and Isotherm Godini Hatam Taheri Fatemeh Kamarehie Bahram Mostafaei Parvin Saeedi Seddigheh 1 6 2015 2 4 319 331 06 03 2016 06 03 2016 Background: Present of p-chloro phenol in the environment due to high toxicity, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, powerful odor production and stability in the environment caused to be categorized as priority pollutants. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of p-chloro phenol from aqueous solution using chestnut shell modified by sulfuric acid. Methods: This study was an experimental study and chestnut shell (Quercus brantii Var. persica) was used as an adsorbent. The effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration on the adsorption process were evaluated, in a batch scale. The characterizations of the raw and modified adsorbent were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Langmuir and Fruindlich isotherm models and pseudo-first order kinetic, pseudo-second order kinetic were evaluated by experimental data. Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency of p-chloro phenol increased with increasing of the contact time and adsorbent dosage, and had a reverse effect with increasing of pH and p-chloro phenol initial concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity of p-chloro phenol by modified chestnut shell adsorbent was achieved of 3.33 mg/g and the maximum removal efficiency of p-chloro phenol was 87 percent at pH=4. The experimental data were well descripted by Freundlich isotherm (R2>0.92) and pseudo-second order kinetic (R2>0.94). Conclusion: This study showed that the chestnut shell could be effectively used at removal of p-chloro phenol from aqueous solutions. As the chestnut shell is a waste, so it can be applied as an adsorbent for removal of pollutants such as p-chloro phenol. 195 Special Compilation the Optimal Strategies of Electrical and Electronic (WEEE) Waste Management by Using SWOT, Effective Step in Protecting the Environment, Case Study: Yazd City Dehghani Tafti Maedeh Parvane Aval Ehsan Akhavan Ehsan 1 6 2015 2 4 332 348 07 03 2016 07 03 2016 Background and objective: The most important environment issues that have been raised about the increase of industry electronics waste in last two decade. Development of countries, electronic services and the use of electrical appliances in life are to increase production of electronic waste. Electronic waste with compounds such as toxic heavy metals (cadmium and lead) and precious and recyclable metals (gold and copper) are in priority management. The aim of this study was to determine optimal strategies for the management of electronic waste using the SWOT model. Methods: SWOT is effective way to determine the direction and management of solid waste management system. This method based on the analysis of internal and external affecting management factors in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In this study, identification of the intended area and obtain basic information through a literature review and institutional visits and data collection was conducted through face to face with experts and field observations. In the form of a matrix analysis, internal and external factors that affecting on the condition of Yazd electrical and electronic waste management were analyzed by SWOT. Results and Conclusion: The study showed that the Yazd waste management system in using strengths to avoid threats and overcoming weaknesses and maximum use of opportunities to act weak. The precious metals can be considered as an important factor in waste management strategies. Lack of electrical and electronic waste production and quality knowledge can be considered as effective factors in the management of these wastes in Yazd.