:: دوره 9، شماره 3 - ( 3-1401 ) ::
جلد 9 شماره 3 صفحات 364-349 برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
ارزیابی آلودگی و خطر بالقوه بوم‌شناحتی عناصر سرب، کادمیم، کروم و نیکل در خاک‌ سطحی حاشیه برخی جاده‌های کلان‌شهر همدان
نیره السادات حسینی ، سهیل سبحان اردکانی*
دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران
چکیده:   (691 مشاهده)
زمینه و هدف: حمل و نقل جاده‏ای یکی از منابع اصلی آلودگی فلزی است که می‏تواند خاک‏های کنار جاده را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. از اینرو، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی آلودگی و خطر سمیت بالقوه عناصر سرب، کادمیم، کروم و نیکل در خاک سطحی حاشیه برخی جاده‏های کلان‏شهر همدان در سال 1398 انجام یافت.
مواد و روش‏ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی-مقطعی، پس از جمعآوری 63 نمونه خاک سطحی در طول 700 متر از یک قطعه 9 کیلومتری از جاده‏های گلتپه، رزن و کرمانشاه و سپس آماده‏سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه‏ها در آزمایشگاه، محتوی عناصر در نمونههای خاک بهروش طیف‏سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry: ICP-OES) خوانده شد. همچنین، نسبت به محاسبه شاخص‏های غنی‏شدگی (EF)، سمیت محیطی (mERM-Q)، خطر بوم‏شناختی (mPEL-Q) و خطرپذیری بالقوه بوم‏شناختی تجمعی (RI) نیز اقدام شد. پردازش آماری نتایج نیز با استفاده از نرم‏افزار  SPSSانجام یافت.
یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه میانگین مقادیر عناصر سرب، کادمیم، کروم و نیکل در نمونه‏های خاک با 4/26، 320/0، 3/17 و 2/22 میلی‏گرم در کیلوگرم به‏ترتیب مربوط به ایستگاه‏های کرمانشاه، رزن، رزن و رزن (ایستگاه‏های با ترافیک زیاد) و بیان‏گر تأثیر حجم ترافیک بود. نتایج محاسبه شاخص EF نشان داد که غنیسازی (آلودگی) عناصر سرب، کروم و نیکل در ایستگاههای با حجم ترافیک زیاد (رزن و کرمانشاه) با میانگین مقادیر بزرگتر از 5/1، "متوسط" تا "شدید" بود که بیان‏گر تأثیر ورودیهای انسانی بهویژه با منشأ ترافیک است، در حالیکه، در همه ایستگاه‏ها مقادیر شاخص برای عنصر کادمیم بیانگر شرایط "غیر آلوده یا فاقد غنی‏شدگی" بود. همچنین، میانگین مقادیر شاخص‏های mERM-Q و mPEL-Q عناصر در نمونه‏های خاک بیانگر %21 احتمال سمیت بود. از طرفی، نتایج محاسبه شاخص خطرپذیری بالقوه بومشناختی احتمالی (Er) بیان‏گر "خطر بوم‏شناختی کم" برای همه عناصر و روند کاهشی میانگین عامل خطرپذیری بالقوه بوم‏شناختی احتمالی نیز بهصورت کادمیم > نیکل > سرب > کروم حاصل شد. از سوی دیگر، میانگین مقدار شاخص RI برابر با 9/31 و بیان‏گر "مخاطره بوم‏شناختی کم" در ایستگاه‏های مورد مطالعه بود.
نتیجه‏گیری: هر چند که میانگین مقادیر شاخص  RIنشان‏دهنده کیفیت قابل قبول خاک در ایستگاه‏های مورد مطالعه و عدم بروز مخاطره بوم‏شناختی بود، اما عنصر کادمیم با %4/82 از بیش‏ترین سهم در ایجاد مخاطره بوم‏شناختی برخوردار بود. از اینرو، نسبت به شناسایی و کنترل منابع انتشار این عنصر در زیست‏بوم حاشیه جاده توصیه می‏شود. از طرفی، پایش منظم و دوره‏ای نمونه‏های خاک با قابلیت ایجاد خطر برای سلامت بوم‏سازگان به‏منظور مدیریت و حفاظت خاک ضروری است. 

 
واژه‌های کلیدی: آلودگی خاک، خطرپذیری بالقوه، سمیت، غنی‌شدگی، ترافیک
متن کامل [PDF 863 kb]   (480 دریافت)    
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: تخصصي
دریافت: 1401/4/7 | پذیرش: 1401/4/31 | انتشار: 1401/6/30
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دوره 9، شماره 3 - ( 3-1401 ) برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها