fa اثر کشت مخلوط بر میزان انباشت کادمیوم در خاک و گیاه برنج: یک مطالعه مروری تخصصي Special كاربردي Applicable <div style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 0in 1pt; margin-left: 57px;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف:</span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">غلظت بالای کادمیوم در خاک‌های شالیزاری و انتقال آن به دانه برنج و زنجیره غذایی یک مشکل جدی زیست‌محیطی است. ازاین‌رو، توسعه روش‌هایی برای کاهش تجمع کادمیوم در برنج و حفظ ایمنی مواد غذایی ضروری است. گیاه‌پالایی یک روش مقرون‌به‌صرفه برای حذف یا استخراج کادمیوم از محیط آلوده است. کشت مخلوط یکی از تکنیک‌های مؤثر برای افزایش کارایی گیاه‌پالایی کادمیوم در نظر گرفته می‌شود. براین‌اساس، هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط بر میزان انباشت کادمیوم در خاک و گیاه برنج است.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش ها:</span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">جمع‌آوری </span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">داده‌های مطالعه حاضر از طریق جستجوی مقالات در&nbsp; پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی شامل</span></span><span dir="LTR">Google Scholar</span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">،</span></span> <span dir="LTR">Springer</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">ScienceDirect</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">ProQuest</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">،</span></span><span dir="LTR">PubMed </span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">ResearchGate</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">Scopus</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR">Elsevier</span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بود</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">. در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">جستجوی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اولیه،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">درمجموع</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">62</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مقاله</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در بازه‌ی زمانی 2003 تا 2024 یافت شد و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">پس</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">حذف</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">موارد تکراری،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">تعداد</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">45</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">رسید</span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">.</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">سپس</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مرحله</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">غربالگری،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">عنوان</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">چکیده</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مقالات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مورد بررسی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">قرار</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">گرفت و در انتهای این مرحله تعداد 29 مقاله باقی ماند.</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">درنهایت پس از بررسی متن کامل مقالات، تعداد 19 مقاله </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">برای</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این مطالعه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">استفاده</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">شد.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> جمع‌آوری </span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">داده‌های مطالعه حاضر از طریق جستجوی مقالات در&nbsp; پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی شامل</span></span><span dir="LTR">Google Scholar</span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">،</span></span> <span dir="LTR">Springer</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">ScienceDirect</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">ProQuest</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">،</span></span><span dir="LTR">PubMed </span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">ResearchGate</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">Scopus</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span><span dir="LTR">Elsevier</span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">بود</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">. در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">جستجوی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">اولیه،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">درمجموع</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">62</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مقاله</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در بازه‌ی زمانی 2003 تا 2024 یافت شد و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">پس</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">از</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">حذف</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">موارد تکراری،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">تعداد</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">به</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">45</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">رسید</span></span><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">.</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">سپس</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">در</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مرحله</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">غربالگری،</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">عنوان</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">چکیده</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مقالات</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">مورد بررسی</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">قرار</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">گرفت و در انتهای این مرحله تعداد 29 مقاله باقی ماند.</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">درنهایت پس از بررسی متن کامل مقالات، تعداد 19 مقاله </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">برای</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">این مطالعه</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">استفاده</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">یافته ها:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتایج مطالعات نشان داد که<b> </b>کشت مخلوط ارقام برنج کم انباشته کننده با ارقام برنج بیش انباشته کننده کادمیوم، یک روش سودمند برای اصلاح کادمیوم در خاک‌های شالیزاری است. به‌طوری‌که کشت مخلوط با رقم برنج بیش انباشته کننده سبب کاهش محتوای کادمیوم دانه و بهبود عملکرد رقم برنج کم انباشته کننده کادمیوم شد. همچنین کشت مخلوط برنج با اسفناج آبی، سزبانیا، </span></span><span dir="LTR">Alligator flag</span><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><i><span dir="LTR">Sphagneticola calendulacea</span></i><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">، </span></span><span dir="LTR">Canna indica</span><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> و </span></span><i><span dir="LTR">Pontederia cordata</span></i><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:"> می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک روش مؤثر برای اصلاح کادمیوم عمل کرده و ایمنی دانه برنج را تضمین کند</span></span><span dir="LTR">.</span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">نتیجه گیری:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA"><span b="" lotus="" style="font-family:">کشت مخلوط برنج با گیاهان بیش انباشته کننده‌ یک روش کارآمد برای دستیابی به تولید ایمن برنج و گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به کادمیوم است.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:97%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span lang="FA" style="line-height:97%"><span style="font-family:"B Lotus""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt 8pt; margin-right: 57px;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span garamond="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Background:</span></span></b> <span garamond="" lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">A high cadmium (Cd) concentration in the paddy soil and translocation to the rice grain and the food chain is a serious environmental problem. Hence, it is essential to develop strategies for reducing Cd accumulation in rice and maintaining food safety. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective technique used to extract or remove Cd from contaminated sites. Intercropping is regarded as an effective technique for enhancing the Cd phytoremediation efficiency. According to this, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intercropping on the Cd accumulation in soil and rice plants.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span garamond="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Methods:</span></span></b> <span garamond="" lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Data for the present study was collected through searching articles in databases, including Google Scholar, Springer, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus and Elsevier. In the initial search, a total of 62 articles were found in the period 2003 to 2022, and was reduced after removing duplicates to 45 articles. Then, in the screening stage, the title and abstract of the articles were reviewed and at the end, 29 articles remained. The full text of the screened articles was studied and finally, 19 articles were used in this study.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span garamond="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Results:</span></span></b> <span garamond="" lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">The results showed that intercropping of the high-Cd and the low-Cd rice cultivars is an advantageous practice for Cd remediation in paddy soils. So that intercropping with the high-Cd rice cultivar decreased grain Cd content, and improved the yield of the low-Cd rice cultivar. Also, intercropping of rice with Water spinach, Sesbania cannabina, Alligator flag, Sphagneticola calendulacea, Canna indica and Pontederia cordata, can function as an effective way for Cd remediation and guarantee rice grain safety.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span garamond="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Conclusion:</span></span></b> <span garamond="" lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">Intercropping with hyperaccumulator plants is ideal to achieve safe rice production and phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div> برنج, بیش انباشته کننده, کادمیوم, کشت مخلوط, گیاه‌پالایی Cadmium, Hyperaccumulator, Intercropping, Phytoremediation, Rice 287 301 http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-842-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Sajjad Shaker سجاد شاکرکوهی Sajjadshaker53@gmail.com 10031947532846008955 10031947532846008955 Yes Expert, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran کارشناس بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران Mohammad Rabiee محمد ربیعی rabiee_md@yahoo.co.uk 10031947532846008956 10031947532846008956 No Researcher, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran پژوهشگر بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران