per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-03
1
2
75
83
article
Evaluation of Water Treatment Plant Performance of Parsabad City in Ardabil Province in Removal of Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity Phosphate and Calcium
Mohsen Rezaei
1
Saeid Parastar
2
Zahra Rahmani
3
Mahdi Vosoghi
4
Yosef Pooreshgh
5
Background: The determination of influent and effluent water quality of water treatment plants is important to increase standards of water quality for users. Parsabad city situated in north of Ardabil province and is the biggest city of province Ardabil. So, this study was accomplished due to lack of substantial studies for Parsabad water treatment plant. In the study, some of the important parameters of water was investigated for 7 years and was presented solutions for improvement treatment plant performance.
Methods: This study was accomplished since 1384 to 1390 and four parameters total dissolved solids, turbidity, phosphate and calcium with 192 samples (96 samples collected from treatment plant influent and 96 samples collected from effluent) were analyzed according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater.
Results: Maximum removal performance of turbidity, total dissolved solids, phosphate and calcium were 99.8, 6.1, 92.67 and 28.45 respectively, during 7 years operation of treatment plant.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that Parsabad water treatment plant with having a rapid sand filter, enable to remove turbidity up 85% when maximum turbidity at treatment plant influent was 700 NTU. But, significant difference statistically was not observed between influent and effluent samples of total dissolved solids and calcium (Pvalue˃0.05) and removal performance were trivial for total dissolved solids and calcium. Also, this treatment plant has not good performance (mean %38) for phosphate removal.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf
Water physical and chemical parameters
water treatment plants effluents standards
annual and seasonal variation
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-03
1
2
84
92
article
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Arak city Hospital
Wastewater on Sewage Network and Treatment Plant of Arak
City, (from Point of Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metals)
Sajad Mazlomi
1
Amir Hossain Mahvi
2
Mehran Mamghani negad
3
Mahmood Kamalzadeh
4
Ghodrat Allah Daryaei
5
Mahdi Khodayari
6
Background: In this study quality and quantity characteristics wastewater of hospitals, clinics and health centers of Arak city and the potential impacts of them on Arak wastewater plant investigated.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, which done during 2011-2012, the quantity and quality of wastewater via point of COD,BOD5, pH, TKN, PO4and also heavy metals in the hospitals, clinics and health center of Arak were studied. Then, the effects of these pollutants as equal to person on wastewater convey system and wastewater treatment plant were assisted.
Results: Monitoring of BOD5, TKN, and PO4 indicated that the daily disposal rate of these pollutants were equal 778.14, 102.7, and 53.6 kg/d, respectively, which equal to 15763, 51351, and 6700 person, respectively. The average water consumption of these centers was equal to 8.2l/s, and the estimated measure of produced wastewater was6.14 l/s. Also, after analysis the measure of heavy metals, Hg production (99.331 g/d) was more than other heavy metals, and the next rank was related to Zn (41.96 g/d) and Ag (41.96g/d), respectively.
Conclusion: Although existence pretreatment process units can help to decrease the side effects of produced wastewater, this kind of wastewater needs complete treatment. Discharge of this kind wastewater to absorption trenches led to adverse health impacts in future. Therefore, a construction separate wastewater treatment plants and proper operation of these systems can reduce ecosystem impacts of wastewater discharges.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-32-en.pdf
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-03
1
2
93
103
article
Study on Concentration of Particulate Matter with Diameter Less than 10 Microns, Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Related to PM2.5 in the Ambient Air of Sina Hospital District
Majid Kermani
1
Hossain Arfaeinia
2
Ramin Nabizade
3
Mahmood Alimohammadi
4
Ali Asghar Alamolhoda
5
Farshad Bahrami asl
6
Abbas Shahsoni
7
Background:In recent decades, extensive studies have shown a number of short and long-term health effects of particle matters. In addition to particle matters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in airborne particles due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties are considered major air pollutants. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of PM2.5particulate, 7heavy metal concentrations and 13 PAHs compound associated with fine particles (PM2.5-boud PAHs) in the district of Sina hospital, Tehran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in air of Sina Hospital district in Tehran. Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were determined by gravimetric. Also heavy metal concentrations in samples after digestion were determined with ICP-AES instrument through injection. Then the PAHs compounds from each sample were extracted by ultrasonic method. After this step, extracted sample was injected for analysis by GC-MS and concentration of each compound was read.
Results: The daily average concentration of PM2.5 during the study was 41.19 µg/m3.Concentration values for zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel and arsenic, were 92/69, 05/38, 2/18, 24/4, 19/4 and 34/1 ng/m3 respectively but mercury not found in this study. Average concentrations of PAHs compounds have been variable from0.07 ng/m3 for Chrysene to 1.21ng/m3 for Dibenzo(ah)anthracene.
Conclusion: In this study, the daily average of PM2.5 concentrations was above the Iranian National PM, WHO (25 µg/m3) and EPA (35 µg/m3) standards established for PM2.5 particles. Heavy metal concentrations in this study were lower than values reported in previous studies in Tehran. The highest concentrations among PAHs compounds belonging toIndeo(cd 1,2,3)pyren, Dibenzo(ah) anthracene, Benzo (B) flouranthin and Benzo (K)flouranthin that all of these compounds are related to vehicle emissions.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-33-en.pdf
Particulate Matters
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Heavy Metals
Tehran
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-03
1
2
104
114
article
Performance Evaluation of Magnetite Nanoparticles Modified with Sodium Alginate for the Removal of Acid Red 18 Dye from Aqueous Solutions
Mohammad Reza Samarghandi
1
Ali Reza Rahmani
2
Reza Shokohi
3
Zohre Berizi
4
Background: Azo dyes have many applications in various industries. In addition to Mutagenic and carcinogenic potential to humans, these materials cause the production of toxic byproducts in the aqueous solutions. In this study, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized with modified sodium alginate. Then their efficiencies in absorbing Acid Red 18 dye were investigated.
Methods: First, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method and then modified magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated as an adsorbent for Acid Red 18 dye adsorption. TGA test was used for proving modified magnetite nanoparticles coating.
The effects of pH, contact time, nanoparticles and Acid Red 18 dye concentrations were studied.
Residual concentration of Acid Red 18 dye was read using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 508 nm. Data was explained by the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich models.
Results: In optimal conditions of operation including pH = 5, contact time =30 minutes, adsorbent dose 0/2gr/l and the initial concentration of Acid Red 18 dye= 50 mg/l, removal efficiency of the process was obtained over 95 %. These studies also showed that Acid Red 18 absorption pattern has more conformity with the Freundlich model.
Conclusion: The results showed that sodium alginate is a convenient and inexpensive coating for magnetite nanoparticles; also it has high efficiency to absorb dye Acid Red 18 in a short time.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-34-en.pdf
Magnetite nanoparticles
sodium alginate
Acid Red 18 dye
adsorption isotherm
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-03
1
2
115
129
article
Synthesis and Characterize of Zeolite- Zero Valent Iron/ Silver
Nanocomposite (Z-Fe0
/Ag) for Removal Fluoride in Aqueous
Solutions (Study of Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamics)
Ali Azari
1
Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
2
Amir Hossein Mahvi
3
Simin Naseri
4
Ali Esrafili
5
Emad Dehghanifard
6
MSc Student of Environmental Health Engineering, Center of Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
PhD. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
PhD, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
PhD, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Background: Fluoride is a pollutant that entered to the environment through Glass,
Fertilizer and Semiconductor Material industries and cause problems such as
Alzheimer's and brain injuries. Adsorption with using inexpensive materials like
zeolite is the best options to remove this pollutant. The main problem of absorption
method is its low speed. So the aim of present study is investigated the effect of Fe0/Ag
nanoparticles as catalyst in performance of zeolite for removal of fluoride.
Methods: In this study were used reduction method for converting Fe2+ to Fe0 and
co-precipitation method for coating of Fe0 on Zeolite. For depositing silver on nano
zero valent iron the rapid mixing along with the high temperature were used.
Absorbent characteristics were analyzed with using SEM, TEM and XRD techniques.
Then effect of pH, contact time, stirring speed, temperature, amount of adsorbent and
Fluoride concentration were evaluated and optimized.
Results: pH=3, 60 min contact time, 200 rpm stirring speed and adsorbent concentration
equal to 10g/l were obtained as the optimum conditions for Fluoride removal. Investigating the
isotherms and kinetics relationships showed that the experimental data correlate to the
Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2>0.991) and pseudo-second order kinetics
(R2>0.933). The reaction thermodynamic study also expressed that process is endothermic and
non-spontaneous
Conclusion: According on the obtained results can be stated This Absorbent has
appropriate efficiency in fluoride removal, But the catalytic properties of zero valent iron and
silver was rejected in relation to removal this contaminants.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf
Fluoride
adsorption
zeolite
bimetallic nanocomposites
nano zero valent iron/
Silver.
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-03
1
2
130
136
article
Evaluation of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Contamination in Lighvan Cheese on Retail Stores
Ali Salehi
1
Emad Dehghanifard
2
Mahmood Alimohammadi
3
1. Department of Food Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
3. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, non-sporulated, lack of capsule, immovable, aerobic and anaerobic and able to tolerate high levels of salt (up to 15 percent). Therefore, foods containing salt provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth. It is also one of the most important bacterial born of spoilable food products, especially in dairy products. Lighvan traditional cheese is consumed in many regions of Iran, especially consumption of these cheeses is very high in Tehran which in the manufacture of such cheeses, the unpasteurized and raw milk is used and the sanitary conditions during processing and subsequent storage are low. So, considering the importance of this issue in the release of poisoning, the coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus contamination in Lighvan cheese on Retail Stores was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: In order to perform this study, 22 samples of traditional Lighvan cheese were collected randomly from Tehran stores and according to Iran national standards and by using of bird-parker, Cook Meat cultures and coagulase test were evaluated.
Results: Total of 22 samples, 14 samples (63/6%) were contaminated by S. aureus over standard and 5 (22/7%) were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that sanitary conditions should be observed during the production and Use of pasteurized milk in cheese production.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf
Lighvan cheese
S.aureus
Culture medium
Tehran
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-03
1
2
137
145
article
Evaluation of Microbial Quality of Bottled Water in Iran
Mahmood Alimohammadi
1
Masoomeh Askari
2
Sasan Aminizadeh
3
Emad Dehghanifard
4
Mehrnoosh Rezazadeh
5
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Health, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Gilan, Iran
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
4. Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background: Because of population growth, limited access to fresh water resources, the need to use bottled water, controlling microbial quality of bottled water is important.
Materials and Methods: Microbiological quality of 24 brands of bottled water available in the town markets of Iran was studied Random. Samples were collected in summer and autumn, 2012. In each season, we collected two samples for each brand. In order to analyze Total coliforms, E-Coli, and HPC, MPN and Plate Count Methods were used. Data analysis was processed by SPSS software.
Results: Total coliforms were 2 MPN/100CC in two brands S18 and S20. Increased HPC levels were also observed in all brands. pH level of 6% from bottled waters were higher than the standard. Average of turbidity was 0.232 and 0.228 at the autumn and summer, respectively.
Conclusion: the heterotrophic microorganisms were present in 100% of the samples. Total coliforms were also found in 12% of the samples. None of the samples contained E-Coli.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf
Total coliforms
Heterotrophic Bacteria
Plate count
per
alborz university of medical sciences
Journal of Environmental Health Enginering
2383-3211
2588-4239
2014-03
1
2
146
156
article
Arsenic (V) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Produced Iron and Detect Isoterms and Kinetic Adsorption
Roghaye Nourozi
1
Saeed Azizian
2
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
2. Professor, Chemistry Dep., Bu Ali Sina university, Hamadan, Iran
Background: Zero-valent iron can control the sites contaminated Arsenic (V) used. The aim of this research is Arsenic (V) removal from aqueous solutions using of iron powder and detect isoterms and kinetic adsorption.
Methods: The experiment in batch system with change effective parameters such as pH, initial concentration of Arsenate, iron powder dosage and equilibration time was evaluated. In this work, the obtained data then analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic data with pseudo- first order, pseudo- second order and modified pseudo- first order models were fitted.
Results: The results showed that pH of the solution plays an important role in control of the surface charge of the adsorbent. The higher removal efficiency was observed for Arsenate in acidic environment (pH=3). The Arsenate removal efficiency by increasing adsorbent dosage and decreasing initial concentration of Arsenate increased. Absorption of Arsenate ions onto adsorbent is associated with Langmuir model (r2=0.99) . The kinetics of Arsenic absorption with the model pseudo-second order (r2 =0.99) better described.
Conclusion: The results showed the iron powder is an effective, quick and cheap method for removal of Arsenic (V) from aqueous solution.
http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf
Arsenic (V)
iron powder
aqueous solution