@article{ author = {YeganeBadi, Mojtaba and FallahJokandan, Sevda and RezaeiNia, Salimeh and Esrafili, Ali and FarzadKia, Mehdi and Gholami, Mitr}, title = {Monitoring of Para-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid Esters (Antimicrobial and Preservative) in Tehran Wastewater Treatment Plants and Performance Evaluation of Various Wastewater Treatment Method in the Removal of These Compounds}, abstract ={Background and Purpose: Parabens are a group of Para-hydroxy Benzoic acid alkyl esters which extensively used as preservative in personal care products. Parabens have been recently found in wastewater, rivers, soil and dust. Therefore, the purpose of this study aimed to Monitor the occurrence of parabens from selected wastewater treatment plants (Shahrak Ghods and south of Tehran) and evaluate the performance of different treatment methods for removing these compounds. Methods: In this study, the samples from influent and effluent were collected from Shahrak Ghods and South of Tehran wastewater treatment plant as Seasonal and Three samples per season. Concentration of Para-hydroxy Benzoic acid esters was determined by HPLC, CECIL, 4100 at 242 nm. Result: After sampling in the different seasons from the west and south treatment plants, two selective paraben concentrations (Methyl paraben and Ethyl paraben) were measured. The results showed that average concentration of Methyl paraben (MeP) and Ethyl paraben) EtP( respectively were 740.7 and 277.7 ng/L in the Influent and 179.3 and 45.8 ng/L in the effluent of Shahrak Ghods treatment plant. Also, the average concentration of MeP and EtP respectively were 835.3 and 295.3 ng/L in Influent and 132.8 and 29.7 ng/L in the effluent of South of Tehran treatment plant. In the next step, Risk assessment of effluent treatment plants discharging to environment with comparing the studies was done. According to the paraben concentration in the effluent of both treatment plants, discharge of effluent treatment plants whit selective contaminants, have little biological effects on ecosystems. Conclusions: The removal efficiency of Shahrak Ghods treatment plant in removing parabens, was lower than the South of Tehran. But the effluent quality of both treatment plant was less than the Effluent discharge standard. So both of treatment plant have appropriate performance to removal contaminants.}, Keywords = {Parabens, Wastewater Treatment Plants}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {259-269}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.3.4.259}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Takdastan, Afshin and Kordestani, Bahareh and Nisi, Abdolkazem and JalilzadehYangjeh, Rez}, title = {Study of Operational and Maintenance Problems and Parameters of Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Process in Golestan Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant, Ahvaz, and Their Solutions}, abstract ={Background:Hospital wastewater is among hazardous wastewater due to its composition of pathogens and toxic chemicals. Discharge of untreated hospital wastewater to environment is hazardous for human and environment. Aims of this study were to identify Operational and Maintenance problems of Extended Aeration Activated sludge process in Golestan Hospital wastewater treatment plant (WTP), Ahwaz, Iran, and to find their solutions.                                                                   Materials and Methods:Sampling period was 6 months of 2015. BOD5, COD, and TSS parameters analysed in the hospital WTP effluent. In addition, VLR, Qr/Q, MLSS, F/M, SVI, HRT, and θc parameters measured in aeration tank, then operational and maintenance parameters calculated.                                                                                                         Results:Results shown that average of operation & maintenance parameters were: F/M = 0.35, HRT = 6 hour, Qr/Q = 64.28 %, VLR = 1.1 Kg BOD/m3.d, MLSS = 2819.36 mg/l, SVI = 144.89 ml/g, θc = 10.93 days.                                                       Conclusion:Results of operational and maintenance parameters shown that biological process behavior of the hospital WTP was Extended Aeration Activated Sludge in past years, but converted to conventional activated sludge process due to increase in hospital beds of clinical and out patients departments , which increased water consumption lead to increase wastewater flow rate. High flow rate lead to increase hydraulic load and diluting organic matter load, so hydraulic retention time and sludge age decreased.}, Keywords = { Hospital Wastewater, Activated Sludge, Operation Treatment }, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {270-279}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.3.4.270}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {ESlami, Akbar and Noorisepehr, Mohammad and Jafarinia, Maghsu}, title = {The Study of Microbial Contamination in Karaj City Swimming Pools and Its Relation to Physicochemical Parameters and the Number of Swimmers}, abstract ={Background:Among safe recreation, use of pools are becoming more popular. Due to health issues and ways to ensure the health and welfare of people, swimming pools are very important. The major health issues in this field is attention to water quality. Also Immersion in water may cause water to inter the mouth, nose, ear and eye. Thus, in the case of water pollution related deaseses will be acure. Sanitary control of swimming pools is necessary to maintain siwimmer health and prevent swimmer from deasese.Thus The need for research in this area seems necessary. Methods:This study, based on applied research and analytical - descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional survey was conducted. In this project, we studied 35 swimming pools in the city of Karaj. For this purpose, samples were collected every month for 9 months, turbidity, pH, free residual chlorine measuring was cundacted at the sampling time and testing for total coliform, E.coli coliform and counting of hetrotrophic organisms in the laboratory of water and wastewater was performed. data analyzed by using Excel and SPSS software. Results:The results showed a total of 315 analysed the measuring parameters chlorine, pH, turbidity , respectively were 88.9 percent, 90.8 and 100 percent in standard range and 9.2 %, 11.1 non-standard were reported, and the negative total coliform and heterotrophic were reported 95% and 99% respectively. Based on statistical analysis, no significant correlation was obtained between microbial contaminations by residual chlorine. Conclusion:The results showed swimming pools were in appropriate health status. The control of risk factors and pay attention to hygiene standards by swimmers and pool staff are good strategy for pollution control.}, Keywords = {Swimming Pool, Karaj, Microbial Contamination}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {280-286}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.3.4.280}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {KheirkhahRahimabad, Kave and Hasani, Amir Hessam and Saeedi, Reza and KheirkhahZarkesh, Mir Masoud and Sayadi, Mojtab}, title = {Evaluation and Assessment of Fluoride in Drinking Water Wells Damavand Villages Zoning in GIS According to DMF Index}, abstract ={Background:Fluoride is one the vital anions and the drinking water is the main source of preparing it for the human body. Nonetheless, the aim of this paper is to investigate the Fluoride rate in water supplying wells by using GIS environment according to decay, missing or filled (DMF) index.  Methods: This research is an analytic and cross-sectional descriptive study with sampling approach of 12 water supplying wells of Damavand villages in summer and autumn the year 2013. The Fluoride concentration was measured by standard method SPADNS using MN-Nano color 400 Photometer in laboratory of Rural Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran. Then DMF was investigated for local students and finally the obtained data were modeled in GIS. Results: The average of Fluoride concentration was 0.094 to 0.212 mg/L in summer and 0.137 to 3.48 mg/L in autumn. The DMF index was estimated around 5.46 for all evaluated students that the mentioned index was 7.635 and 3.29 for male and female pupils respectively which are statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The amounts of fluorine in drinking water supplies in rural Damavand villages are lower than the international water standards. According to the results of experiments and lack of fluorine ion in the villages of this town, required fluorine should be done by drinkable water fluoridation and continuities of implementation plan for fluoride ion among the schools until reaching the fluoride concentration to the standard threshold, Supplying required fluorine of body by mouth-wash materials for people of this region}, Keywords = {Fluoride, Drinking Water, Fluoridation, Well, Damavand}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {287-297}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.3.4.287}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-270-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {MolaeiTvani, Sakineh and Goodini, Hatem and MehrAli, Aziz and SharifiArab, Ghulamali and Ashoori, Shahrbanu and AlyanNejad, Nasree}, title = {Survey the Current State of Quality Potable Water Clearing Supplied to the Distribution System and the Role of Water & Wastewater Company And the Distribution of Network and Improve Its Quality Case Study in Shahrood City}, abstract ={ Background and Purpose: Supply of high-quality water (drinking water quality), is a critical component for sustainable socioeconomic development. This study aimed to assess the current state of water quality supplied to the distribution system and importance of participating water and sewer its distribution network to improve the quality selected. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study in 1394 in both spring and summer, during a systematic search, local information on the quality (microbiological, physical and chemical) drinking water distribution systems were evaluated using a questionnaire. The samples for the presence of CL, PH, TDS, sulfates, total hardness, nitrite, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, turbidity and total coliform were analyzed by standard methods and 1053 were compared with the national standard. Results: The average parameters studied a total of 303 water samples collected from amount CL, PH, TDS, sulfates, total hardness, magnesium, calcium, nitrite, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, turbidity and total coliform respectively equal Was reported 0/1 mg/L, 7/66 mg/L, 773/39 mg/L,108/15 mg/L, 287/84 mg/L, 31/59 mg/L, 50/05 mg/L, 0/02 mg/L, 19/56 mg/L, 1/08 mg/L, 80/57 mg/L, 0/6 mg/L, 24/5 MPN/100ML. The role of water and sewage company as well as the effect of the drinking water distribution network respectively physicochemical and microbiological quality of drinking water in the utility had a significant relationship (p <0/005), (p <0/0001). And significant relationship between the quality of water supplied by the technical infrastructure and health, fatigue and corrosion, leakage and pressure was high hydro Leakey (p <0/000). According to the results of the statistical test Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient also showed a strong correlation between the leak with water quality. Conclusion: The results showed that the water samples tested for microbial and physico-chemical parameters were within the range of Iran's national standard 1053 except the CL, which is less than the national standard. The role of water and sewage company distribution network and improve its quality is very important. }, Keywords = {Microbial Quality, Physicochemical Quality, Drinking Water, Shahroud}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {298-312}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.3.4.298}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Seyedian, Morteza and Farasati, Masumeh and Heshmatpoor, Ali and Rasouli, Akbar}, title = {Evaluation of Nitrate Transport in Clay Soil}, abstract ={ Background and purpose: With the increase in world population and the need to provide food, farmers are now using a variety of chemical fertilizers, organic pesticides have turned. Indiscriminate use of these inputs without considering its side effects, both environmental problems and brings in terms of human health. Among these, organic fertilizers contain soluble compounds such as nitrate. These compounds through precipitation or irrigation of the soil solution, groundwater and surface water resources are. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of nitrate transport in clay and simulation software using HYDRUS2D. Methods: In order to perform it, 5 different height of soil column 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm selected. In thicknesses of 20, 40, 60 and 80 cm respectively output levels after a period of 6, 12, 18 and 22 hours to input the concentration of nitrate (50 mg/lit) is. In thicknesses of 20, 40, 60 and 80 cm, respectively, after the time of 5/6, 5/12, 21, and 25-hour concentration of 50 mg/lit is output. In thickness 20, 40, 60 and 80cm, outlet concentration after 6, 12, 18 and 22 minutes inlet concentration (50mg/lit). Results: The result showed that Hydrus software ability of simulates nitrate movement in soil and result of Hydrus software and laboratory data near. Conclusions: With increasing soil thickness difference HYDRUS2D results and experimental data more and more time to transfer nitrate were spent with increasing thickness. }, Keywords = {Nitrate Transport, Soil Columns, HYDRUS 2D, Clay Soil}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {313-322}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.3.4.313}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-272-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Yaghmaeian, Kaveh and Mehrafrooz, Ahmad and Pouraslan, Ali and Akbarpour, Madineh and Akbarpour, Bahm}, title = {Removal of Nitrate from Aqueous Solutions by Starch Stabilized nano Zero-Valent Iron(nZVI)}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Nitrate is one of the inorganic anions derived as a result of oxidation of elemental nitrogen. Urban and industrial wastewater, animal and vegetable waste products in large cities that have organic nitrogen are excreted along the soil. The primary risk of Nitrate in drinking water occurs when nitrate in the gastrointestinal tract switch to nitrite. Nitrite causes the oxidation of iron in hemoglobin of red blood cells, result in red blood cells could not carry the oxygen, a condition called methemoglobinemia. Therefore, achieving the new technologies for nitrate removal is necessary. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted at laboratory Scale in non-continuous batches. Stabilized adsorbent was produced through reducing Iron sulfate by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in presence of Starch (0.2W %) as a stabilizer. At first, the effect of various parameters such as contact time (10-90min), pH (3-11), adsorbent dose (0.5-3 g/L) and initial concentration of arsenate (50-250 mg/L) were investigated on process efficiency. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model equilibrium constant, were calculated. Residual nitrate were measured by using the DR5000 spectrophotometer. Results: The optimum values based on RSM for pH, absorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration of nitrate were 5.87, 2.25 g/L, 55.7 min, and 110.35 mg/L respectively. Langmuir isotherm with R2= 0.9932 for nitrate was the best graph for the experimental data. The maximum amount of nitrate adsorption was 138.88mg/g. Conclusion: Stabilized absorbent due to have numerous absorption sites and Fe0 as a reducing agent could have great potential in nitrate removal from water.}, Keywords = {Adsorption, Nitrate, Starch, Modified Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles.}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {323-335}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.3.4.323}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-273-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-273-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nourisepehr, Golnar and Emtiazjoo, Mozhgan and Nourisepehr, Mohammad and Dehghanifard, Em}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Magnetic-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube in Removal of 2,4-DNP from Aqueous Solutions and Determining Toxicity Reduction}, abstract ={Background and Objective: In Iran, due to vast development of different chemical and petrochemical industries and water resource pollution to refractory organic matters, using a costeffective method for the removal of those pollutant from drinking water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of magnetic-multiwalled carbon nanotube for the removal of 2,4- dinitrophenol from aquoeous solutions and deteremining toxicity reduction of the effluent. Methods: Adsorption experiments were conducted in a batch system. Magnetic-multiwalled carbon nanotubes were synthesized by co-precipitation method. Variables of contact time (0-90 min), pH (3,5, 7, 9, 11), pollutant concentration (10-100 mg/L) and adsorbent concentration (1-2.5 g/L) were considered. For the determination of toxicity reduction of the effluent, the Bioassay tests were applied by using Daphnia magna which toxicity of 48h and 96 h were obtained. Results: Results were showed that the maximum removal of 92.97% in the contact time of 90 min were obtained in pH=7, pollutant concentration of 10 mg/L and adsorption concentration of 2.5 g/L. The adsorption process was in accordance with Freundlich isotherm which showed non-uniform and multi-layered adsorption on the surface of the adsorbent and heterogeneous adsorption. The results of the toxicity of 2,4-DNP, before the adsorption process, on the Daphnia magna organism showed that the lethal concentration (LC50) 48h and 96 h of the raw wastewater was 42 and 38 percent (4.2 and 3.8 mg/L), respectively. Conclusions: The magnetic-multiwalled carbon nanotube adsorbent could be a proper choice for removal of 2,4-DNP, due to high removal efficiency, recyclability, reusability and activity in neutral pH.}, Keywords = {Magnetic-multiwalled carbon nanotube, 2,4-DNP, Toxicity reduction, Daphnia magna}, volume = {3}, Number = {4}, pages = {337-349}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.3.4.337}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-274-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} }