@article{ 
author = {Dehghanifard, Emad and Esrafili, Ali and Yeganeh, Mojtabi and Farzadkia, Mahdi},  
title = {Investigating the efficiency of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@rGO + UV+PS nanophotocatalytic process in the removal of Cefixime from aqueous solutions}, 
abstract ={Background: Antibiotics are among the environmental pollutants with stable effects during consumption, they are rarely completely metabolized in the body and 30-90% of them are excreted through urine and feces and enter into the environment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the degradation of cefixime pollutant by photocatalyst Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@rGO + UV in the presence of persulfate (PS) from synthetic wastewater. Methods: Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 (F@ST) photocatalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method, and then fixed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The structural properties of magnetic photocatalyst were evaluated using FESEM, XRD, TEM, VSM techniques. The effect of variables such as solution pH, catalyst dosage, persulfate concentration and initial pollutant concentration on the performance of the FS@T/rGO/PS/UV process in the degradation of cefixime pollutant was investigated. After determining the optimal conditions, the influence of interfering ions and scavengers on the process, as well as the amount of recovery and reuse of the catalyst were investigated. Results: The synthesized photocatalyst had features such as excellent magnetic properties, crystalline and relatively spherical structure in nano size, high purity, photocatalytic properties in both ultraviolet and visible ranges. Under optimal conditions (pH=6.5-7, PS= 2mM and photocatalyst dosage= 0.1 g/L), after 60 min of oxidation time, cefixime antibiotic with a concentration of 50 mg/L and TOC, respectively, with efficiency > 98% and 55.7% were removed. The performance of the process was affected by the presence of organic scavengers (TBA, NaN3, KI and CH3OH) and interfering ions (Cl-, SO4-2, NO3- and CO3-2); so that the pollutant degradation efficiency decreased in the presence of organic scavengers and interfering ions. The effective reaction species were included h⁺, 1O2, OH• and SO4•⁻ in the degradation of cefixime by photocatalytic process in the presence of PS. The synthesized photocatalyst could be used for 4 consecutive steps, and in the fourth step, cefixime was degraded with an efficiency of 70.1%. The behavior of the photocatalytic degradation of cefixime antibiotic per unit time was a function of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Conclusion: : FS@T/rGO/UV/PS photocatalytic process with features such as high efficiency in antibiotic degradation, easy and fast separation, pollutant mineralization, production of side products with simple molecular structure and good performance on the real wastewater sample could be used as a suitable method for industrial wastewater post-treatment as well as pre-treatment in order to reduce organic load and increase biodegradability.},  
Keywords = {Cefixime, Photocatalytic Process, Titanium Dioxide, Graphene Oxide, Persulfate},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-28}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.1.1},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1017-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pirzad, Mahdi and SobhanArdakani, Soheil},  
title = {Qualitative modeling of groundwater resources using Artificial Neural Network and Gray Wolf Optimizer algorithm (Case Study: Kabudarahang Plain, Hamedan Province, Iran)}, 
abstract ={Background: Climate change and declining rainfall have significantly reduced access to surface water in Iran, particularly in Hamedan Province. This has led to increased reliance on groundwater resources, consequently altering their quality for various uses. Therefore, this study was conducted to develope a qualitative model for assess of groundwater resources in Kabudarahang Plain, Hamedan Province, using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. Methods: Qualitative data of groundwater resources in Kabudarahang Plain were collected and analyzed over a decade (2012-2022). ANN modeling was employed to predict groundwater quality changes. Additionally, the GWO algorithm was integrated to enhance prediction accuracy. The model utilized three output or dependent variables (TDS, EC, and pH) and six input or independent variables (calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, sodium, and turbidity). Results: : The ANN model demonstrated that over 99% of water quality variations can be attributed to the six input variables. Moreover, the GWO algorithm effectively reduced average prediction errors from 0.0015 to 0.0008. Conclusion: The ANN algorithm exhibited high prediction accuracy, low prediction error, and model optimality, which were further enhanced by the GWO algorithm. This suggests that while the ANN model successfully predicted groundwater quality changes in the study area, the GWO algorithm refined the predictions, and improving the model's overall performance. Considering the complementary nature and effectiveness of ANN and GWO algorithms for prediction, their application to predict qualitative changes in groundwater resources in other regions is recommended.},  
Keywords = {Groundwater quality, Intelligent data modeling, Artificial neural network, Gray wolf algorithm, Kabudarahang Plain},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {29-46}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.1.29},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1012-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1012-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Noroozi, Roghayeh and Zarrabi, Mansur and NooriSepehr, Mohammad and Mohammadikalhori, Ebrahim},  
title = {Investigating the performance of modified y-type nano zeolite in removing tetracycline antibiotic from aqueous environments}, 
abstract ={Background: Antibiotics are a type of medicine that are found in different concentrations from nanograms to micrograms in water sources, and their high resistance to decomposition makes it difficult to remove them from aquatic environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the removal of tetracycline antibiotic from water environments. Methods: In this study, modified y-type nano zeolite was synthesized for tetracycline adsorption. The properties of modified y type nano zeolite adsorbent were determined by FESEM, EDS, FTIR and XRD analysis. Then the absorption process of tetracycline was investigated. Results: The highest removal rate of tetracycline antibiotic was achieved at a concentration equal to 50 mg/L and a contact time of 30 min, at pH=7 and a modified nano zeolite concentration of 0.4 g/L, 97.4%. The adsorption process of tetracycline through modified nano-zeolite y was compatible with the Langmuir isotherm model (R = 0.991) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (K2 = 0.002). Conclusion: The results showed that the nano adsorbent is significantly able to remove tetracycline from aqueous solutions in a short period of time. Therefore, it can be used as an effective adsorbent to remove antibiotics.},  
Keywords = {Antibiotic, surface adsorption, nano zeolite y},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {47-59}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.1.47},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1013-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1013-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khosravi, Yahya and Hassanzadeh-Rangi, Narmin and Roshani, Saman and Asadikaram, Ali and alfi, mahsa and Akhtari, yeganeh and Farshad, Ali Asghar},  
title = {Evaluation of the ergonomics of the office work environment using two specific and general evaluation techniques}, 
abstract ={Background: Due to the increasing spread of musculoskeletal problems (MSDs), it is necessary to examine and compare the ergonomic risk factors of the workplace with general and specific methods. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ergonomics of the office work environment using two specific and general evaluation techniques in two universities of medical sciences in the country. Methods: The prevalence of MSDs was evaluated using the Nordic standard questionnaire and the ergonomic assessment of employees in the workplace using ROSA's quick assessment of administrative stress and REBA's quick assessment of the whole body. Descriptive statistics and chi-score, independent t-tests, and logistic regression tests were used to describe and analyze the data. Results: The difference in mean ROSA score and mean monitor height between two groups of employees who have experienced MSDs during the last 12 months and the group who have not experienced them is significant. For one unit increase in ROSA score and one centimeter of monitor height, considering other intervening variables, the chance of MSDs increases by 45% and 13%, respectively. Conclusion: The ROSA tool is a more reliable method to evaluate the ergonomics of the office work environment than REBA. The overall score of the ROSA method and workstation parameters such as monitor height can be used in office jobs to design interventions to reduce MSDs. More studies on the reliability of ROSA are needed to increase the validity of ergonomic interventions based on this method.  },  
Keywords = {Working Environments, Physical Ergonomics, Risk Assessments},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {60-75}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.1.60},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1001-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1001-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ghavimi, Hamed and Taghavi, Yasaman and Esmi, Farinaz and Tajkey, Javad and Rezaei, Saeed and Mohseni, Mehr},  
title = {Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples of Zanjan, Gilan, East Azerbaijan and Kermanshah provinces by ELISA method}, 
abstract ={Background: Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxins which is produced by metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 and enters to the human body through animal milk. It has very strong hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects and is potentially dangerous for human health. As milk is one of the most important foods for humans, it is essential to protect the health risk of Aflatoxin M1 in different age groups. In the present study, raw and pasteurized milk samples of Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, Gilan and Kermanshah provinces have been evaluated then contamination of the samples with aflatoxin M1 and also the status of this contamination in different seasons have been investigated. Methods: 180 samples (93 samples of raw milk and 87 samples of pasteurized milk) In the autumn and winter of 1997 and the spring and summer of 1998 were collected from stores in Zanjan, East Azarbaijan, Gilan and Kermanshah provinces. The samples were centrifuged, the surface fat removed, and competitive ELISA assessed for aflatoxin M1. Results: In this study, 180 samples were collected from 4 cities of Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht, where the level of aflatoxin M1 was measured by ELISA method. The results showed that 100% of the examined samples were infected with aflatoxin M1 and the average concentration aflatoxin M1 in Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht are 31.9±6.5, 30.7±16.9, 29.9±2.2 and 25.4±3.8 ng/L,that was observed in the range of <1-134.2 ng/liter. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that in all samples taken from four cities of Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht, there is aflatoxin M1 contamination that the level of this contamination was different from season to season. In such a way, the highest contamination was observed in the autumn and in the traditional type of production. Considering the harmfulness of aflatoxin M1 for human health, it is very important to continuously control animal feed in terms of aflatoxin B1 and control milk and its products for the absence of aflatoxin M1.  },  
Keywords = {Aflatoxin M1, Raw milk, Pasteurized milk, ELISA},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {76-88}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.1.76},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1021-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1021-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khosravi, Yahya and Hassanzadeh-Rangi, Narmin and Hassanbeigi, Mohammd-Rez},  
title = {Health and safety assessment of the working environment in oil and gas terminals in Iran}, 
abstract ={Background: Oil and gas terminals are considered key facilities in every country. The present study aimed to provide a combined model to assess the health and safety of the oil and gas working environment and other similar industries and services. Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected and produced by the methods of field survey, document review, individual interview, focus group interview and focus group discussion. A combination model of techniques including task analysis, effect, and failure mode analysis, event tree analysis, fault tree analysis, and fishbone diagram, was introduced and used to evaluate the health and safety of the work environment. Results: Oil and gas terminal jobs have both many tasks and hazards. Among the studied jobs, liquid gas loaders (RPN1=158), general mechanics (RPN1=156), and lab technicians (RPN1=158) had the highest levels of risk that were over upper control while oil material masters had the lowest level of risk that was under lower control. Other jobs were under control. Conclusion: Applying the corrective and preventive suggestions presented in the cause-control fishbone diagram and safe work procedures for each job, the risk level of the studied workplace can be reduced below the control limit and the negligible risk range. Other industries and services can use the combined model in workplace risk management.},  
Keywords = {Risk assessment, Health, Safety, Environment, Oil terminal},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {89-103}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.1.89},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-999-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-999-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jadgal, Mohammad Saeed and Bamri, Abdulwahid and Zareipour, Moradali and Dadkhah, Seydamalek and AlizadehSiuki, Hadi},  
title = {Investigating Environmental Literacy: studying the knowledge, attitude, and practice of environmental protection in nursing students of Chabehar city}, 
abstract ={Background: One of the most important issues in today's expanding world is the issue of the environment and its protection. This study was conducted to investigate environmental literacy (knowledge, attitude, and performance of environmental protection) in nursing students of Chabehar City. Methods: This descriptive and analytical research was conducted on 200 nursing students. The research sample was obtained using Simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and an environmental literacy questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS version 18 statistical software and analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. Results: The results showed that 69.8% of students had good knowledge about environmental protection behaviors. And 66% of students had good environmental attitudes and 50.8% of students had poor environmental protection behavior. Also, students' environmental behavior had a statistically significant relationship with parents' education level, and gender (p < 0.05). Finally, the results showed that there is a strong positive correlation between environmental awareness, attitude, and behavior variables. Conclusion: To promote environmental protection behaviors in students, it is possible to hold educational classes in the field of environment, and environmental activities, and use indirect education to develop environmental culture.},  
Keywords = {Environmental literacy, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Environmental Protection, Students},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {104-115}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.1.104},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1010-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1010-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hatami-manesh, Masoud and Mortazavi, Samar and Silgi, Eisa and Mohtadi, Ahm},  
title = {Assessment The Response of Urban Tree Species to Air Pollution Using Biophysical and Biochemical Leaf Biomarkers}, 
abstract ={Background: : Regarding to the role of trees in reduction and absorption air pollutants, assessing the tolerance of different tree species to environmental pollutants is very much important in order to select suitable species around any polluted place. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of P. orientalis, M. nigra and A. altissima species to air pollution using biophysical and biochemical leaf biomarkers. Methods: For this purpose, sampling of the leaves from all three species was carried out at six stations in Isfahan, after being transferred to the laboratory, the Stomatal density, total protein content, soluble sugars and anthocyanin were calculated. Results: The results showed that M. nigra and A. altissima species responded to air pollution by increasing and P. orientalis by reducing the density of stomata. The amount of total protein content of M. nigra, P. orientalis and A. altissima leaves were 48.93, 55.76 and 23.53% higher in polluted areas than in unpolluted areas. The value of soluble sugars and anthocyanins in M. nigra, P. orientalis and A. altissima leaves were found (90.22, 38.65 and 88.88) and (19.64, 88.8 and 80.05%) in polluted areas compared to non-polluted areas. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that trees have differently respond to air pollution in relation to stomata density, which can be done in two ways, increasing or decreasing stomata density. Increasing the amount of total protein, soluble sugars and anthocyanins in the leaves of trees in the polluted area indicates that these trees are tolerant to pollutants and they applied these useful strategies to adapt and deal with pollutants.},  
Keywords = {Air pollution, Biomarkers, Stomatal density, Anthocyanin, Heavy metals},
volume = {11},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {116-129}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.1.116},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1019-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1019-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2023}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KalbatiMosavi, Seyed Alireza and MohammadiRouzbahani, Maryam and Attarroshan, Si},  
title = {Evaluation of heavy metal pollution using biological markers of Prosopis juliflora and palm Phoenix dactylifera trees around Ahvaz Shadgan Steel Factory}, 
abstract ={Background: Trees are one of the appropriate biological indicators in industrial areas and factories, and by monitoring them; it is possible to determine the state of heavy metal contamination of soil resources. This research was carried out with the aim of biological monitoring of heavy metals lead, cadmium, nickel and iron using plant biomarkers of Prosopis juliflora and Phoenix dactylifera in Shadgan Steel Factory. Methods: According to the geographical location of the factory, 4 stations were selected, where 24 soil samples and 72 leaf samples were collected randomly with 3 repetitions, from 4 different geographical directions. In order to investigate the bioaccumulation of metals in tree leaves, the bioaccumulation coefficient was used. Results: The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that there was a significant difference between soil, palm tree and mesquite groups for the concentration of lead, cadmium, nickel and iron metals (P<0.05). The highest concentration of cadmium metal in station 1 was in unwashed palm, washed palm, unwashed Prosopis juliflora and washed Prosopis juliflora, respectively. In stations 2 and 4, the concentration of cadmium, iron and nickel metals in unwashed Phoenix dactylifera is more than that of washed Phoenix dactylifera, and only lead metal in washed Phoenix dactylifera has a concentration higher than that of unwashed Phoenix dactylifera. In station 3, the concentration of cadmium, iron and nickel metals in unwashed leaves was higher than in washed leaves, only the concentration of lead metal in the washed plant was higher than unwashed Prosopis juliflora. Conclusion: There was no significant difference for lead metal between washed and unwashed leaves (P>0.05) and this could be due to the accumulation in the lower parts of the plant, hence Phoenix dactylifera tree leaves and Prosopis juliflora is not a suitable biomarker for this metal. Considering that absorption through the soil is low, there is a possibility of pollutants entering through dry atmospheric precipitation. The accumulation potential of lead, cadmium, nickel and iron heavy metals was higher in Phoenix dactylifera tree than in Prosopis juliflora.},  
Keywords = {heavy metals, biological markers, plant treatment, mesquite tree, palm tree},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {130-145}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.2.130},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {velayatzadeh, mohammad and Moudi, Mohammad Reza and Mirnia, Mahdi},  
title = {Health and ecological risk indicators of potentially toxic elements in the surface soils of the Mansouri oil field in the southeast of Ahvaz}, 
abstract ={Background: Potentially toxic elements are part of dangerous environmental pollutants and are carcinogenic to humans. This research was conducted in 2019 with the aim of estimating and evaluating human health risks and environmental ecology of potentially toxic elements in the surface soils of Mansouri oil field. Methods: In this research, soil samples were prepared from seven study areas. In each station, five random samples from an area of 5 square meters were mixed in a composite sample and 1 kg of surface soil (depth 0 to 20 cm) was collected in polyethylene bags, thus 105 soil samples were prepared. Results: The average concentration of cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, vanadium, copper and zinc in the surface soils of Mansouri oil field were obtained 1.05, 69.11, 86.79, 99.14, 23.76, 34.05, 65 and 118.22 mg/kg respectively. The highest and lowest values of the potential ecological risk index were related to cadmium (157.50) and vanadium (0.34). The carcinogenic risk index for chromium element was higher than cadmium, lead, nickel and vanadium for adults (5.25×10-5) and children (3.91×10-4). Conclusion: The pollution indices of potentially toxic elements such as the values of the pollution factor, enrichment factor and land accumulation index showed that lead and cadmium had the greatest impact on soil pollution and the levels of potentially toxic elements were high in concentration compared to the background values and had a global average, which indicates that crude oil spills, light and heavy vehicle traffic, and related human activities in this area have significantly contributed to the increase in the levels of potentially toxic elements in these soils. It seems that there are potentially toxic elements that do not threaten human health and do not cause health problems or pathogenicity.},  
Keywords = {potentially toxic elements, toxic metals, soil pollution, human health, carcinogenic risk index},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {146-162}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.2.146},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1037-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1037-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {mousavifard, Seyedeh Azar and zarei, Fatemeh and safaei, zahra and Ahmadi, sakineh},  
title = {Investigating of occupational exposure to crystalline silica and its relationship with the lung capacity of workers working in the mines of Alborz province compared to the control group.}, 
abstract ={Background: In mines, it is common to come into contact with harmful substances like dust. Considering the challenges of crystalline silica measurement, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between occupational exposure to crystalline silica and lung capacity in miners working in Open pit mines of Alborz province. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Alborz province's mines. The monitoring of 97 workers working in mines was done using the NIOSH0600 method and the NIOSH7602 optimal method. At the same time as individual monitoring, 97 workers in mines in the province and 97 workers in a food industry company were monitored through spirometry. SPSS22 software was used to analyze the data. Results: : The average amount of crystalline silica dust was approximately twice the Iranian standard, and the total respirable dust was 4.5 times the Iranian standard. The pulmonary parameters FEV1%, FVC%, and PEF% were observed to have a significant difference between two groups. The amount of crystalline silica dust and total respirable dust had a significant correlation with pulmonary capacities (FEV1/FVC% and FEV1%). Conclusion: Controlled occupational dust exposure is a prerequisite for reducing respiratory problems among mine workers. The study found that workers who were exposed to excessive occupational contact with crystalline silica dust and respirable general dust decreased their lung function, which suggests that there could be problems with the health of mine workers in the future. In terms of protecting workers, it seems that the current occupational health engineering strategies were not sufficient.},  
Keywords = {Silica, Pulmonary Capacity, Total dust, mine},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {163-177}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.2.163},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1031-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1031-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shahrezaie, Sayyed Ali and MirabbasiNajafabadi, Rasoul and Mousavi, Seyyed Mojtaba and Shahrezaie, Nafiseh Sadat and Mahmoudi, Sharareh},  
title = {Investigating the revertability of air pollution in Isfahan after precipitation}, 
abstract ={Background: The ever-growing population and the industrialization of societies have led to an increase in environmental pollution, especially water and air pollution. In recent decades, air pollution in large cities has become a serious challenge that threatens the health of society. On the other hand, the water deficiency and the drying up of rivers, lakes and wetlands have led to an increase in dust production around cities, which in turn has worsened air pollution. Climatic factors also have an impact on changes in air pollution. Precipitation is one of the phenomena that can abruptly reduce air pollution, and air quality remains in a favorable state for some time after precipitation ceases. The aim of this study is to investigate the time when air pollution returns to the conditions before the occurrence of precipitation. Methods: Currently, air pollution in the Isfahan metropolitan area is measured at 9 air quality monitoring stations by the Transportation and Traffic Department of Isfahan Municipality. In this study, Faiz station, which is located in an area with high traffic volume in terms of vehicle traffic, was selected among these 9 stations, which are scattered throughout Isfahan. In this study, the air pollution of Faiz station was evaluated based on the concentration of pollutants according to the standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Finally, the influence of precipitation on air pollution in the study area was examined. Results: looking at the CO concentration in the air, it was observed that the maximum time of reversal of baseline pollution after precipitation is associated with the precipitation events of March 11, February 1 and March 10 with 46, 37 and 31 hours, respectively. For PM2.5 concentrations, the maximum reversibility of pollution was recorded on May 3, January 27 and January 15, with the reversibility of this pollutant to baseline pollution being 59, 51 and 49 hours, respectively. For NO2, the maximum reversibility of pollution was recorded on March 10 and 7, which respectively 64 and 47 hours after the end of the precipitation, the amount of NO2 returned to its baseline value. As for the pollutant SO2, the effect of the precipitation of November 6 on SO2 lasted until about 3 days later, so that according to the available data, the amount of SO2 is lower than the baseline pollution at all hours of November 7. Conclusion: The results show that in terms of CO in the air, there was good air quality in 99% of the cases recorded at the Faiz station and average air quality in 1% of the cases, and that in terms of SO2 in air, there was good air quality in about 99.8% of the cases recorded and average air quality in about 0.2% of the recorded cases. The study of the NO2 concentration in the air showed that 98% of the recorded cases classified in good air quality and 2% in average air quality. As for PM2.5 concentration, 26% of the time was in good condition, 48% in average air quality, 18% in unhealthy air quality for sensitive groups, 7% in unhealthy air quality and 1% in very unhealthy air quality. It should be mentioned that the PM2.5 concentration reached a hazardous air quality condition in some hours. Finally, the results of this study showed that on some days the occurrence of precipitation had no significant effect on the reduction of air pollution, while on other days precipitation caused a significant reduction in air pollution and air pollution had not reached the baseline level even after 215 hours. It is possible that after the rain stopped, other factors such as wind were effective in keeping air pollution low.},  
Keywords = {Air pollution, Precipitation, Isfahan city, revertability, air quality index, AQI},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {178-200}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.2.178},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1026-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1026-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tavafi, Hadis and Norouzi, Sar},  
title = {Investigation of the microbial quality of food products, cosmetics, industrial effluents and hospital wastes in Hamedan province}, 
abstract ={Background: The Study of the microbial health of food products, cosmetic products, industrial effluents, and hospital wastes is important because they are related to human health and hygiene in society. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the microbial quality in food, cosmetics, industrial effluents, and hospital wastes in Hamadan province. Methods: In this study, microbial tests were performed for the detection and counting of bacteria, molds, and yeasts based on the culture method in 15 food products and 5 cosmetic products. Also, industrial waste microbial tests (counting total and fecal coliforms) were used by MPN method in 38 units. Microbial tests of 14 hospital units were performed by biological vial test, and class 6 microbial test. Results: Based on the obtained results, the microbial tests in 4 food products exceeded the permissible consumption limit and the rest of the products were reported as negative. Out of 5 cosmetic-sanitary products, was not allowed only one product with microbial load. Also, were reported the results of microbial tests in industrial wastes in the winter of 1401, 6 industrial units as positive, and in the spring of 1402, 2 industrial units were reported as positive. In the investigations of hospital waste, in the winter of 1401, the microbial tests of all units were negative, and in the spring of 1402, two hospital units were positive. Conclusion: Considering the importance of health in society, the requirement of microbial tests at the level of hospitals and industries should be taken into consideration.},  
Keywords = {Cosmetic-sanitary, microbial test, hospital waste, industrial waste, food},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {201-215}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.2.201},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1032-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1032-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azimi, Faramarz and Mohammadi, Vahid and Askari, Elaheh and Karami, Mohammad Ami},  
title = {Investigation of Peroxide Level and Polar Compounds in Edible Oils Used in Fast Food Units: A Case Study in Noorabad City}, 
abstract ={Background: With the expansion of the restaurant industry and the increased consumption of fast food, the hygiene of food ingredients and the quality of oils used in the frying process have gained significant importance. This article explores the levels of peroxides and polar compounds in edible oils used in fast food establishments in Noorabad city. Methods: Twenty-seven units were selected using the Cochran formula. Sampling from the selected units was conducted in two stages periodically on non-holiday days. The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory and analyzed according to the Iranian Industrial Standards and Research Institute Standard 4179. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, ANOVA, and post-hoc tests. Results: In the first sampling stage, 40.7% of the samples, and in the second stage, 29.6% exceeded the permissible limits for polar compounds. Significant correlations were found between the production of polar compounds, temperature, time, and the type of container used (p < 0.05). The amount of polar compounds increased with the use of oil for more than 20 minutes, with cast iron containers having the most significant impact compared to copper and aluminum containers. Additionally, significant differences were observed in peroxide production based on the type of container, time, and brand used (p < 0.05), with cast iron having the least impact Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the duration of oil usage, the type of container, and the brand used significantly affect the quality of oils used in fast food establishments. This information can contribute to improving processes and hygiene standards in these units, ultimately ensuring consumer health.},  
Keywords = {Fast Food, Polar Compounds, Peroxide, Noorabad},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {216-227}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.2.216},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1016-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1016-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Eskandari, Akbar and Darvishmotevalli, Mohammad and BahramiVale, Samira and Fahiminia, Mohamm},  
title = {Investigation of water and wastewater management in small businesses in Qom city with a focus on drought and environmental threats caused by water scarcity}, 
abstract ={Background: Currently, in order to adapt to the existing water crisis in the country and ensure sustainable water supply and distribution management, the implementation of proper management methods based on sustainability principles is one of the most fundamental needs. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating water and wastewater management in small businesses in Qom city with the perspective of drought and environmental threats caused by water shortage in 2021. Methods: The present research is a descriptive-cross-sectional study that was conducted after field survey and statistics obtained from the Water and Wastewater Department on 223 trades related to 67 guilds in the city of Qom. The amount of water consumption, wastewater production, and the management of water and wastewater in businesses were studied with a focus on drought and environmental threats resulting from water scarcity, and the results were reported descriptively. Results: Considering the amount of water consumption, businesses were classified into four categories. It was determined that businesses in category one, 96.82% of businesses with an average consumption of 246.2 ± 574.2, category two businesses, 17.47% with an average of 6142.3 ± 2823.19, category three businesses, 36.4% with an average of 121.2 ± 5.40, and category four businesses, 83.5% with an average water consumption of 821.215 ± 28.355 cubic meters per month, were in terms of efficiency, respectively, in businesses from one to four, 08.61, 25.56, 33.33, and 46.38% of businesses lacked a specific plan for water conservation Conclusion: The results show that the management of water and wastewater in businesses in the city of Qom does not have favorable conditions. Considering the decrease in rainfall and drought, it seems that the issue of water supply may be the biggest challenge in this city. Most of the businesses under study lack a specific plan for water conservation, and water resource managers should make decisions regarding compensating for water scarcity and preventing water quality degradation while accurately estimating and evaluating water resources and consumption.},  
Keywords = {Water and Wastewater Management, Drought, Small Businesses, Qom City},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {228-238}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.2.228},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1039-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1039-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abdi, Parviz and Vardijkazemi, Kobra and Nejaei, Arezo and Takdastan, Afshi},  
title = {Optimization of advanced sonoelectrochemical oxidation process with graphene-graphene electrode in improving the quality of Parand city wastewater treatment plant}, 
abstract ={Background: The presence of emerging-resistant contaminants in wastewater poses challenges to the efficacy of the biological treatment process. Advanced oxidation processes show great potential for enhancing the quality of wastewater. The aim of this study was to enhance the efficacy of the effluent from the Parand City treatment plant through the optimization of the sonoelectrochemical process. Methods: Pilot used 500 cc sonoelectrochemical reactor with direct current generator, ultrasonic, and graphene electrodes. To determine pH (4–8), direct electric current (50–100 mA), reaction time (60–120 min), and frequency (30–50 kHz), the central composite design was used. We looked at the process pace, energy utilization, waste physical and chemical qualities, and overall impact. The purification parameters were obtained using water and wastewater testing methods. Results: The P-value and F-value indicate the selected model was significant. The best process conditions to use are a pH of 6.5, an electric current intensity of 82.8 mA, a reaction time of 113 min, and a frequency of 35 kHz. Under these conditions, the removal of COD, TOC, BOD5, nitrogen, and phosphorus was 81%, 69%, 93.2%, 96%, and 94.7%, respectively. The kinetics of the process follow first-order kinetics, and the synergistic effect coefficient was 1.62. The energy efficiency was determined to be 98.07 mg/kWh. Conclusion: The utilization of the sonoelectrochemical process can be employed as a sophisticated method for treatment. However, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the process's efficacy by utilizing raw wastewater samples.},  
Keywords = {Sonoelectrochemical process, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon, Wastewater Treatment},
volume = {11},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {239-255}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.2.239},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1015-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1015-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Sharfi, Kiomars and Fattahi, Nazir and Moradi, Masou},  
title = {Assessing the Efficacy of the Combined Carbon Quantum Dots - Persulfate Process for the Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Solutions}, 
abstract ={Background: Antibiotics are increasingly recognized as emerging pollutants, posing significant environmental concerns upon entering ecosystems. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the oxidation of the antibiotic amoxicillin using the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process. Methods: All experiments were conducted in a 250 mL glass container. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, amoxicillin concentration, persulfate concentration, and catalyst dose, were investigated under optimal conditions to assess their influence on the removal efficiency. Results: The results demonstrate that the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process exhibited the highest decomposition rate (kobs) of amoxicillin, with a rate constant of 0.0127 min-1. The optimal conditions for maximum antibiotic removal were found to be pH 5, a persulfate dose of 2 mM, and an amoxicillin concentration of 12.5 mg/L, resulting in a removal rate of 89% within 75 minutes. Furthermore, the mineralization rate was observed to be 33%. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the carbon quantum dot/persulfate process in oxidizing amoxicillin.},  
Keywords = {Amoxicillin, Carbon Quantum Dot, Persulfate, Advanced Oxidation Process},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {256-267}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.3.256},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1047-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1047-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Valizadeh, Homan and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and Kargari, Nargess},  
title = {Prioritization of the Effectiveness Factors on the Safety Education for Employees of the Fardis Fire Protection Organization Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model}, 
abstract ={Background: Safety training programs play an important role in the success of organizations and reducing occupational injuries. The effectiveness of such programs not only provides employees with new opportunities to improve their safety skills, but also can be leading to greater productivity and improvement of safety culture. Therefore, this study was conducted to prioritize the factors affecting the effectiveness of safety training for employees of Fardis Fire Protection Organization using multi-criteria decision-making model. Methods: : In the current study, the criteria (including the quality and quantity of education and development policies and measures) and sub-criteria were identified from the similar studies and their screened using the Delphi technique. Then the criteria and sub-criteria of each criterion were subjected to pair wise comparisons and weighting. The internal relationships between the criteria were determined using DEMATEL technique; also, the final prioritization and weighting of the results were done using ANP and DEMATEL via the Super Decisions software. In so doing, 10 experts of Fardis Fire Protection Organization were selected in a non-probabilistic way to respond. Results: Based on the results obtained, "quality of education" criterion with a final weight of 0.515 had the first priority among the other criteria. Also, the "development policies and measures" criterion had the most effectiveness. Besides, "quantity of education" criterion had the highest level of influence and interaction. Meanwhile, "continuous presence of selected learners and teachers in the courses" sub-criterion with a final weight of 0.104 had the first priority among the others. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be argued that don't continuously and adequately paid attention to the employee's training could be leading to reduced effectiveness of safety training. Therefore, in order to maintain the effectiveness of the training programs, it is recommended to design the safety training courses in line with the organization policies.},  
Keywords = {Effectiveness factors, Firefighter, Safety training, Multi-criteria decision making, Iran},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {268-286}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.3.268},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1042-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shaker, Sajjad and Rabiee, Mohamm},  
title = {Effect of intercropping on the Cd accumulation in soil and rice plants: A review}, 
abstract ={Background: A high cadmium (Cd) concentration in the paddy soil and translocation to the rice grain and the food chain is a serious environmental problem. Hence, it is essential to develop strategies for reducing Cd accumulation in rice and maintaining food safety. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective technique used to extract or remove Cd from contaminated sites. Intercropping is regarded as an effective technique for enhancing the Cd phytoremediation efficiency. According to this, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intercropping on the Cd accumulation in soil and rice plants. Methods: Data for the present study was collected through searching articles in databases, including Google Scholar, Springer, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus and Elsevier. In the initial search, a total of 62 articles were found in the period 2003 to 2022, and was reduced after removing duplicates to 45 articles. Then, in the screening stage, the title and abstract of the articles were reviewed and at the end, 29 articles remained. The full text of the screened articles was studied and finally, 19 articles were used in this study. Results: The results showed that intercropping of the high-Cd and the low-Cd rice cultivars is an advantageous practice for Cd remediation in paddy soils. So that intercropping with the high-Cd rice cultivar decreased grain Cd content, and improved the yield of the low-Cd rice cultivar. Also, intercropping of rice with Water spinach, Sesbania cannabina, Alligator flag, Sphagneticola calendulacea, Canna indica and Pontederia cordata, can function as an effective way for Cd remediation and guarantee rice grain safety. Conclusion: Intercropping with hyperaccumulator plants is ideal to achieve safe rice production and phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.},  
Keywords = {Cadmium, Hyperaccumulator, Intercropping, Phytoremediation, Rice},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {287-301}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.3.287},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1041-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1041-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Fattahi, Nazir and Sharfi, Kiomars and Moradi, Masou},  
title = {The survey of Ultrasound/Ferrate Process efficiency towards Beta-Estradiol 17 (E2) Oxidation in Aqueous Solutions: Investigating Chloroform Formation as a Disinfection Byproduct}, 
abstract ={Background: Hormones are chemical substances that can disrupt the processes and functions of the endocrine system in both humans and animals. The objective of this study is to examine the degradation of beta-estradiol 17 (E2) hormone through the ultrasound/ferrate process in aqueous solutions and the possibility of chloroform formation as a disinfection byproduct. Methods: The experiments were conducted using a 250 mL glass container. An ultrasound device operating at frequencies between 24 kHz and 80 kHz, with a maximum power of 200 W, was used as the ultrasound source. Potassium ferrate was employed as the oxidizing agent. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, E2 hormone concentration, ferrate concentration, and ultrasound intensity, were evaluated. After the oxidation process, the sample underwent ultraviolet/chlorine radiation to examine the potential formation of chloroform as a disinfection byproduct. Results: The results indicate that the ferrate-ultrasound system exhibited the highest pollutant removal efficiency, followed by ultrasound and ferrate individually. Specifically, the rates of removal were 0.123 min-1 for the ferrate-ultrasound system, 0.103 min-1 for ultrasound, and 0.0076 min-1 for ferrate. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for E2 hormone removal were found to be pH 3, a ferrate dose of 200 mg/L, an ultrasound frequency intensity of 80 kHz, and an E2 hormone concentration of 100 mg/L, resulting in 100% removal. The study also found that the highest amount of chloroform formed was associated with the ultrasound, ferrate, and ferrate-ultrasound systems, respectively. Additionally, the potential for chloroform formation was higher in ultraviolet/chlorine conditions compared to chlorine alone. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the ultrasound-ferrate method in oxidizing E2 hormones and its potential to mitigate the formation of disinfection byproducts.},  
Keywords = {Beta-estradiol 17 (E2) hormone, ultrasound - ferrate, advanced oxidation},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {302-314}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.3.302},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1046-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1046-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Balagbari, mona and Rezaian, sahar and SobhanArdakani, Sohail},  
title = {Presenting a sustainable health assessment model for employees of Kermanshah health centers using health index criteria}, 
abstract ={Background: Today, the health of health center employees is essential as one of the most effective environments for inducing a sense of security and peace of mind for citizens. This research was conducted to evaluate and present a model around the factors affecting the sustainable health assessment of the employees of health centers in Kermanshah using health index criteria. Methods: An expert questionnaire was distributed among 15 experts from Kermanshah health centers. By reviewing related studies, environmental, pathogenic, biological, and organizational factors were selected as the main research criteria. Data processing was done using the ANP-DEMATEL approach. Results: The "pathogenic and biological factors" criterion with a final weight of 0.518 is the most effective criterion, and on the other hand, the "organizational factors" criterion with an impact rate of 20.551 is the most effective criterion and interacts most with different criteria. Also, the sub-criterion " Workplace health standards " with a final weight of 0.1247 took priority. Conclusion: To achieve stable health for employees of health centers in Kermanshah city, it is necessary to control the most important factors affecting health, namely infectious diseases and pathogenic and biological agents. For this purpose, two methods of training employees and creating preventive rules and guidelines should be used.},  
Keywords = {sustainable health, health index, health centers},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {315-328}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.3.315},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1034-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1034-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {BabaAhmadi, Ali and DavazdahEmami, Sina and velayatzadeh, mohamm},  
title = {Evaluation of employee incentive and punishment systems in compliance with safety principles and accident reduction in industries (case study: Gorzin Qeshm Gas Refinery)}, 
abstract ={Background: Occupational accidents are one of the most important problems in developing countries. To control these incidents and their consequences, compliance with safety principles based on safe behavior can be effective. Since safe behavior occurs as a result of encouraging or punishing the target group, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the systems of encouraging and punishing employees with compliance with safety principles and reducing accidents in Gorzin Gas Refinery, Qeshm. Methods: The statistical population included all the employees of Gorzin Qeshm Gas Refinery (300 people). From among them, 169 were selected through Cochran's sample size formula by stratified random method, and the desired questionnaires were given to them to answer, and 109 people completed the questionnaire. The variables of encouragement and punishment were determined as independent variables and the variable of organizational relations, including compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents, were determined as dependent variables. Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire or SPSRQ (Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire) was used to carry out the field research. Results: According to the Pearson correlation test, no significant correlation was observed between compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents (organizational relations) and encouragement (r = 0.018, n = 106, P = 0.854). There is also a correlation between compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents (organizational relations) and punishment (r = 0.605, n = 106, P = 0). According to ANOVA variance analysis, the F value of the regression model is 60.122 and its significance probability is zero, so the regression model with the punishment variable is significant. Conclusion: The two principles of safety and reduction (organizational relations) and communication with inter-organizational communication and punishment are positive and punishment significantly predicts organizational relations.},  
Keywords = {Encouragement and Punishment, Safety principles, Accident reduction, Safe behavior, Organizational relations},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {329-346}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.3.329},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1035-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1035-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Haaj-Ghani, Anis and Morad-Alizadeh, Saeedeh and Rezaei, Mahdi},  
title = {Feasibility of Using Solar Power Plants in Iran (Opportunities and Challenges)}, 
abstract ={Background: In the face of international sanctions imposed on Iran’s oil economy, solar energy in this country has special capabilities; so that Iran can become the main supplier of the Mediterranean solar power production chain by 2050. Considering Iran’s ability to access this clean energy, the aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of establishing and using solar power plants in Iran for electricity production, considering some completed projects, as well as examining the opportunities and challenges of developing these power plants. Methods: For the current study, the keywords “Solar power plants, Solar energy in Iran, Renewable energy, Solar potentials and challenges” were searched in the databases “Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SID, Magiran, ResearchGate” from 2005 to 2024. After that, a total of 320 articles were found, which after screening and full review of the articles, finally 23 articles were registered and used in the study. The criterion for the entry of articles was their relevance of the content to the subject matter. Results: To investigate the possibility of using solar power plants in Iran, quantitative and qualitative data from studies related to geographical capacities, production capacity, and challenges facing the establishment of power plants were used. Iran’s experience in establishing concentrated solar energy dates back to the power plants in Shiraz and Yazd city, which, despite the successful operation of these power plants, no new solar power plant has been announced since then. In this regard, the lack of feasibility studies in this country is quite evident. Conclusion: Despite the not-significant development of solar power plants in Iran and the lack of public demand for clean energy; high solar radiation, existing desert lands in Iran, and the prevention of pollutant gas emissions by solar power plants are the main factors encouraging the development of these power plants for the production of thermal and electrical energy. Therefore, the use of these power plants can provide many opportunities for Iran.},  
Keywords = {Solar energy, Feasibility Studies, Iran, Solar power plants.},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {347-365}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.3.347},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1036-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1036-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Berizi, Zohreh and Zare, Mohammad Reza and rezaei, Leila and Parvizimehr, Ali and salehnia, salehe and Rezaei, Mohsen and Mengelizadeh, Nezamaddi},  
title = {Application of response surface methodology in modeling and optimization of ceftriaxone decomposition with activated persulfate through zero valence zinc nanoparticles/ultrasonic waves}, 
abstract ={Background: The poor degradability of antibiotics in conventional wastewater treatment processes has recently encouraged researchers to use advanced oxidation processes based on persulfate (PS) activation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to remove ceftriaxone through the activation of persulfate with zero valence zinc/ultrasonic waves (Zn0/US). Methods: In this laboratory study, the sample containing the antibiotic ceftriaxone was subjected to persulfate activation through an ultrasonic probe with a frequency of 40 kHz. Optimization of operational parameters such as initial pH, catalyst dose, initial ceftriaxone concentration, reaction time and persulfate concentration was done through response surface methodology (RSM). In optimal conditions, synergistic effect, changes in wavelength scanning, mineralization rate and radical scavenger effect were studied. Finally, ceftriaxone concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured through diagnostic devices. Results: Based on RSM analysis of variance, the maximum removal of antibiotic (94.54%), COD (66%) and TOC (54%) in laboratory conditions including pH equal to 3, 0.75 mg/L persulfate and catalyst concentration, 15 mg/L ceftriaxone and 45 minutes of reaction time were obtained. The presence of tert-butyl alcohol and ethanol as scavengers of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals decreased the efficiency rate of the process to 79% and 45% in the reaction time of 45 minutes and emphasized that the active species participate in ceftriaxone degradation. Conclusion: Based on the results, the process of Zn0/US/PS can be considered as a pretreatment process for the effective removal of ceftriaxone from water environments.},  
Keywords = {Ceftriaxone, persulfate activation, response surface methodology, mineralization rate, optimization},
volume = {11},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {366-379}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.3.366},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-843-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-843-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bagheri, Amin and Sadani, Mohsen and karimi, Mohammadrez},  
title = {Effluent quality prediction of one of the municipal wastewater treatment plants using machine learning algorithms}, 
abstract ={Background: Mathematical and statistical simulators can significantly reduce the management costs of wastewater treatment systems. This research aimed to predict the effluent quality of an urban wastewater treatment plant in Tehran using machine learning algorithms from 2017 to 2021. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study utilized monitoring data from the influent and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant, which were prepared for analysis. In the second stage, the data were refined, processed, and converted into dummy variables to facilitate entry into data mining algorithms. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm and the M5 tree model were then evaluated to identify the best model for predicting the concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the effluent. In this process, 70% of the data were allocated for training and 30% for validation using Python software. The best model was selected based on regression analysis, comparing the R² and RMSE indices. Results: The findings indicated that the ANN model, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.72, outperformed the M5 model, which had an R² of 0.68, in predicting the output COD concentration—an indicator of the treatment plant's efficiency. Additionally, regression analysis revealed that BOD₅ and TSS exhibited the highest correlation with COD_out. Conclusion: The results of the ANN and M5 models were within an acceptable range based on statistical indicators, demonstrating their potential for effectively estimating data in wastewater treatment plants},  
Keywords = {Machine learning algorithms, artificial neural network, M5 model tree, regression, chemical oxygen demand},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {380-393}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.4.380},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1059-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1059-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nadimi, Hojjat and Alahabadi, Ahmad and Zarei, Ahmad and Riahimanesh, Forough and Salari, Mehdi},  
title = {Investigating the indicators of corrosiveness and sedimentation of drinking water in the villages of East Kakhk}, 
abstract ={Background: This study investigated the corrosive and scaling potential of drinking water in the rural areas of eastern Kakhk, southern Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Corrosion and scaling are critical issues that lead to the deterioration of water distribution infrastructure and decreased water quality. The analysis was conducted using indices such as the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), Larson-Skold Index (LS), and the Aggressiveness Index (AI). Materials and Methods: A total of 32 water samples were collected from 16 locations, including one city and 15 rural regions. Samples were drawn from springs, qanats, and distribution systems. Key physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of calcium and magnesium were measured. Each sample was analyzed twice in accordance with APHA standards, and corrosion and scaling indices were calculated. Results: The LSI revealed that 100% of the samples had a tendency to form scale, while the RSI indicated that 68.75% were corrosive. Over 80% of the samples were confirmed to be corrosive by the Larson-Skold and Aggressiveness indices. However, the Puckorius Index showed that 62.5% of the samples were in a balanced state, without a strong inclination towards either corrosion or scaling. Conclusion: These results emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and the adoption of preventive measures to mitigate corrosion and scaling in rural water systems. The findings provide important insights for decision-makers to develop strategies aimed at preserving water infrastructure and ensuring long-term sustainability.},  
Keywords = {water corrosion, water scaling, Langelier Saturation Index, rural drinking water, groundwater quality},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {394-405}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.4.394},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1067-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1067-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Abid, Mohammad and Armand, Nezam and Ejtehadi, Mohammad and Pourjafar, Abdolhami},  
title = {The Civil Liability of the Government Regarding Public Health and Citizen Well-being (Case Study: Dust Storms in Khuzestan Province)}, 
abstract ={Background: Dust storms in Khuzestan province and the threat they pose to the health of citizens have raised the issue of the government's civil liability in our legal system. Various grounds for holding the government accountable are discussed, including fault and causation. The aim of this paper is to introduce the theory of attribution as a basis for the government's liability in this regard. Materials and Methods: The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, based on the analysis of legal and jurisprudential regulations. Results: Scientific research has shown that dust pollution, in addition to posing public health risks, leads to diseases such as sinusitis, bronchitis, asthma, allergies, and causes depression. The findings indicate that the theories proposed in the foundations of civil liability in Imami jurisprudence (destruction, causation) and statutory law (the Constitution, Civil Liability Law), the rule of causation, and the fault theory in the legal system, can well serve as the basis for the government's civil liability for damages caused by dust storms in Khuzestan province. Conclusion: The government can reduce damages related to dust storms through proper pre-incident management, such as managing critical dust storm hotspots, enhancing vegetation cover, applying mulch to dust storm-prone areas, utilizing water resources effectively, education, and post-incident crisis management. Therefore, the government bears civil liability, as the Constitution obligates it to ensure public health and safety. If no responsibility is imposed on the government, public health and citizens' well-being will be at risk, leading to adverse consequences.},  
Keywords = {Key words: respiratory diseases, environmental health, Imami jurisprudence, subject law},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {406-421}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.4.406},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1025-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1025-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mousavi, Seyed Hossein and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and Jozi, Seyed Ali},  
title = {Identifying and Ranking of Critical Factors Affecting Fire Safety in High-Rise Buildings in the City of Karaj using the ANP-DEMATEL Integrated Approach}, 
abstract ={Background: Since firefighting in high-rise buildings requires special equipment and expertise and is associated with many risks for residents and rescuers, the firefighting of these buildings has become one of the safety problems in megacities. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and rank critical factors affecting fire safety in high-rise buildings in the city of Karaj using the ANP-DEMATEL integrated approach. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, six criteria including: 'firefighting regulations', 'fire safety training', 'policies and equipment management', 'review of previous incidents', 'attitudes of contractors in design and construction', as well as the 'speed of rescue operations' and 32 sub-criteria were identified from similar studies and screened using the Delphi technique. Then the criteria and sub-criteria of each criterion were subjected to pairwise comparisons and weighting. The internal relationships between the criteria were determined using the DEMATEL technique; also, the final prioritization and weighting of the results were done using ANP and DEMATEL via the Super Decisions software. In so doing, 10 experts from the Karaj Fire Protection Organization were selected in a non-probabilistic way to respond. Results: Based on the results obtained, the 'speed of rescue operations' criterion with a final weight of 0.222 was assigned the first priority among the others. On the other hand, the 'policies and equipment management' criterion, as the most influential criterion, had the most interaction with other criteria. Also, the 'attitudes of contractors in design and construction' criterion was recognized as the most effective criterion. This is despite the fact that the 'not using low-quality and cheap materials with the aim of more profit' sub-criterion, with a final weight of 0.061, had the first priority among the sub-criteria. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be acknowledged that in order to increase the speed of operations, it is better to have enough fire stations in different parts of the city, and at the same time, special routes for traffic in crowded city centers should be considered for fire engines. At the same time, it is necessary to use the latest equipment and technologies in the world regarding the fire extinguishing of high-rise buildings and make sufficient investments in this regard. At the same time, there should be sufficient supervision in the construction stages, including the design and use of fire-resistant materials.},  
Keywords = {Fire safety, High-rise buildings, Speed of rescue operations, MCDM approach, Iran},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {422-442}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.4.422},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1053-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1053-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Zeheyrifar, Sadegh and MohammadiRozbahani, Maryam},  
title = {Investigating the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and nickel in Soil and Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota in the agricultural fields of Shush City}, 
abstract ={Background: Pb, Cd and Ni are toxic metals that can have dangerous and irreparable effects on humans. This study was conducted aim of investigation amount of bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd and Ni in the soil, Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota of Shush city. Materials and Methods: In this research of descriptive-sectional, 4 farms of Beta vulgaris and 4 farms of Daucus Carota were randomly selected in Shush city. 60 samples were prepared from each farms of Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota, as well as 40 soil composite samples. Sampling was done in the winter of 2019 and spring of 2020. EPA 3050 method was used to digest soil samples and the amount of Pb, Cd and Ni in the samples measured by ICP Plasma. Results: Concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni of Beta vulgaris was 2.06, 35.87 and 96.68 mg Kg-1 and of the Daucus Carota was 1.72, 14.82 and 39.52 mg Kg-1, respectively. Concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni in the soil of Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota farms were 2.9, 63.62 and 3150.65 mg Kg-1 and 14.4, 225.27 and 3348.82 mg Kg-1, respectively. The mean of concentration of heavy metals in Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota and the soil of the two studied plants were significantly different (P<0.05). The highest bioaccumulation index in Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota was related to Cd, 0.74 and 0.125 and the lowest was related to Ni, 0.30 and 0.012, respectively. Conclusion: The bioaccumulation coefficient of Pb, Cd and Ni in Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota was calculated to be lower than 1. The concentration of Pb, Cd and Ni in the soil and Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota was higher than the standard limit of the WHO and FAO (Pb and Cd was 0.3 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively). Considering the high consumption of vegetables and the potential risks of heavy metal accumulation, regular monitoring of the supplied products is recommended.},  
Keywords = {heavy metals, bioaccumulation, beetroot, carrot, agricultural fields of Shush},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {443-455}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.4.443},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1049-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1049-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Bahmani, Hossein and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and Rezaian, Sahar},  
title = {Evaluation of Resilience Criteria to Deal with Post-Earthquake Fire in City of Tehran Using Network Analysis Process}, 
abstract ={Background: The experiences gained from the occurrence of earthquakes in different countries of the world show that this phenomenon can be accompanied by fire, and in this situation, the resulting crisis management problems will increase. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate resilience criteria to deal with post-earthquake fires in the city of Tehran using an analytic network process. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, three criteria including 'management and resource', 'design and financial support' and the 'function of urban infrastructure' and 21 sub-criteria were identified from similar studies and screened using the Delphi technique. Then the criteria and sub-criteria of each criterion were subjected to pairwise comparisons and weighting. The internal relationships between the criteria were determined using DEMATEL technique; also, the final prioritization and weighting of the results were done using ANP and DEMATEL via the Super Decisions software. In so doing, 10 experts from the Tehran Fire Protection Organization were selected in a non-probabilistic way to respond. Results: Based on the results obtained, the 'management and resource' criterion with a final weight of 0.475 had the first priority among the other criteria and also had the most effectiveness and highest level of influence and interaction. Meanwhile, the 'design of earthquake-resistant and fireproof buildings' sub-criterion with a final weight of 0.095 had the first priority among the others. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be argued that the formation of the disaster management headquarters will be necessary for proper management and allocating required resources for predicting new situations after the earthquake and proposing the best solution for each possible scenario. Also, we can say that all of these strategies should be practiced by maneuvers and necessary equipment and resources should be provided in different parts of the city. But there is a point here that we should be careful in constructing new buildings in different areas with regarding to the latest map of Tehran faults. And in this field, using novel technologies to strengthen buildings against earthquakes would be necessary.},  
Keywords = {Resilience, Fire, Earthquake, Network analysis, Dematel},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {456-471}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.4.456},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1054-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1054-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Dehghan, Aliakbar and Darvishmotevalli, Mohammad and Karimaei, Mostaf},  
title = {Review study of microplastics Health and environmental Effects}, 
abstract ={Background: Recently microplastics are environmentally concerned in the world. Basically, microplastics refer to any synthetic insoluble solid particles with an even or uneven shape and with a diameter equal to or less than 5 mm. The main concern about microplastics is the unknown possible effects and hazards they can have on ecosystems and human health, which several uncertainties are related to these effects. So microplastics can cause different adverse effects such as mental and reproductive problems, intestinal damage, immune and neurotoxicity disorders. Also, chemicals and microorganisms accompanying with microplastics could impose unpredictable effects on human health. Materials and Methods: The current study is a comprehensive review with an environmental and human health attitude. This study intended to recognize and highlight the importance, origin, mechanism and effects of microplastics on different tissues of the human body and different parts of the environment for interested students and researchers in this field by using the review of the studies carried out and published in the period of 2000 to 2024 and in the various database such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, Scopus, ResearchGate, PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct and Springer. Results: Based on various studies, the average intake of microplastics in humans is estimated to be around 39,000 to 52,000 particles per year based on food consumption and microplastics with different colors and sizes from 800 nm to 5 mm have been detected in several human samples including lung, breast milk, liver, spleen, placenta, blood, sputum, large intestine, saliva, semen, urine and testis. Conclusion: Despite several research carried out about microplastics, significant data gaps still exist about microplastics which must be fulfilled with new innovative and scientific studies. The preventative measures that are currently carried out in order to reduce microplastics are not sufficient, and more remarkable and efficient actions must be taken to significantly reduce the level of microplastics in the world.},  
Keywords = {: Microplastics, Health Effects, Toxicology, Environmental Pollution},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {472-485}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.4.472},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1072-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1072-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alidost, Elham and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and Rezaian, Sahar},  
title = {Investigating the impact of organizational safety measures on health and safety performance of organization with emphasis on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and safety culture in industries (Case study: TaghBist Steel Structures Company)}, 
abstract ={Background: Nowadays, safety is one of the most important organizational issues, and without it, industrial organizations can't operate. Health and safety performance is affected by various individual and managerial variables, the of which evaluation depends on the organization under investigation and could be influenced by the background variables of the organization. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of organizational safety measures on organizational safety and health performance, emphasizing the moderator role of internal and external motivation and safety culture in TaghBist Company. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 110 workers whom employees at TaghBist Company were selected. Also, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed according to the methods described by Zhang et al. (2022), Brborović et al. (2022), Li et al. (2022), Buck (2011) and Fey (2005). Also, all statistical analyses of the obtained data were performed using SPSS and Smart PLS-3 software. Results: Based on the results obtained, 'extrinsic motivation', 'intrinsic motivation' and 'safety culture' did not have a moderating role on the relationship between the organization's safety measures and TaghBist organizational safety and health performance, but the organization's safety measures, 'intrinsic motivation' and 'safety culture' directly and positively affected on organizational health and safety performance in TaghBist Company. Also, the effect of 'extrinsic motivation' on organizational health and safety performance was not significant. Conclusion: In general, it can be acknowledged that in TaghBist Company, it is possible to directly improve the organizational health and safety performance through the organization's safety measures, intrinsic motivation and safety culture.},  
Keywords = {Organizational safety measures, Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation, Safety culture, TaghBist Company},
volume = {11},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {486-499}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.11.4.486},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1058-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1058-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}