@article{ 
author = {Pasalari, Hasan and Fakhri, Hanieh and Esrafili, Ali and Hoseinzadeh, Edris and Farzadkia, Mahdi},  
title = {Synthesis and characterization of new metal organic hybrid immobilized on carbon support: photocatalytic degradation of organophosphate pesticide (Malathion) and drug pollutant (Tetracycline) from aqueous solution}, 
abstract ={Background: Due to the advantages of organic metal hybrids in the destruction of various environmental pollutants, the aim of this study is to modify the structure of the carbon substrate and improve the properties of organic metal hybrids in order to photocatalytically destroy organophosphorus toxins (malathion) and the antibiotic tetracycline. Materials and Methods: In this research, an easy and effective ultrasonic method was used to synthesize carbon-based metal oxide / graphene oxide / metal organic framework (UiO-66) nanocomposite and various metal oxides including zinx oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide and cobalt oxide in nanocomposite structure were used to compare their photocatalytic activity. The products were identified by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity of synthetic nanocomposites was investigated by degradation of tetracycline and malathion under visible light. Results: The results showed that the presence of graphene oxide and UiO-66 improved the photocatalytic properties of metal oxide and the removal efficiency increased to 100%. In this study, the effect of metal oxide, dosage of metal oxide / graphene, initial pH of the solution and the presence of various scavengers on photocatalytic properties was investigated. Using LC-MASS analyzes, the formed intermediates during degradation of pollutants were identified. Conclusion: The results showed that metal oxide / graphene oxide / UiO-66 has the highest efficiency in photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorus toxins (malathion) and the antibiotic tetracycline.},  
Keywords = {Metal oxide, UiO-66, Photocataltic activity, Graphene oxide},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-16}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.1.1},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1056-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1056-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Karimi, Zahra and Amarloei, Ali and Mazloomi, Saj},  
title = {Investigation the trend of Air Quality changes based on the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10) in the Ilam city: 2019-2023}, 
abstract ={Background: In recent years, the extent and intensity of dust storms in southwestern Iran have made this phenomenon one of the environmental hazards of in these areas. Considering the importance of particulate matter (PM10) in air pollution and its consequences, this study investigated changes in air quality based on PM10 concentration in Ilam City. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, PM10 concentration values were obtained from the Environmental Protection Organization of Ilam City from 2019 to 2023. The data were categorized and analyzed using Excel software. Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest average monthly concentrations of PM10 in different years were, respectively, related to April 2022, with a concentration of 271.95 µg/m3, and October 2019, with a concentration of 34.67 µg/m3. In 1812 studied days, the air quality condition was outside the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (150 µg/m3) on 95 days (5.13%). The highest seasonal pollution in terms of PM10 concentration was occurring in the spring season, and while the lowest air pollution was observed in the autumn season.  Conclusion: The results showed that the concentration of PM10 decreased from summer to autumn and increased from autumn to winter and spring. Which this information can be used utilized by policymakers to design and implement effective personal protection and control measures in  during this period of time.},  
Keywords = {Dust storm, air quality, PM10, AQI index, Ilam},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {17-29}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.1.17},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1064-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1064-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pourmousavi, Seyedeh Razieh and Koshafer, Azit},  
title = {Investigating the effect of Mamatin bitumen springs on the physical and chemical parameters of Alla River water in Ramhormoz city}, 
abstract ={Background: Rivers are the main natural resources for humans and play a very important role in human life. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the physical and chemical parameters caused by entry of bitumen layers in the springs of Mamatin on the water of Alla River in Ramhormoz city. Materials and Methods: In this research, the study area of Alla River starts from the exit of the river from the Chuvil River and ends at the connection point of the Alla River with the Maron River, and 5 study stations were selected. Water samples were prepared according to the standard method of American Environmental Health Association. Water samples were collected systematically and planned from each station with 3 repetitions in summer (July) and winter (February) of 2023. In other words, a total of 30 water samples were prepared from 5 stations with 3 repetitions in two seasons. Results: The mean square and sum of square analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data showed a significant difference in pH concentration (P=0.873), electrical conductivity (P=0.943), BOD (P=0.297), COD (P= 0.928), DO (P= 0.893), TSS (P= 0.739), phosphate (P= 0.355), total hardness (P= 0.212) and turbidity (P= 0.540) were not observed (P>0.05). In winter, electrical conductivity (2163.35 µs/cm) and TDS (980.16 ppm) in station 4 were higher than other stations (P<0.05) and COD (63.56 ppm) and TSS (41 ppm) in Station 1 were obtained higher than the studied stations of Alla River (P<0.05). In the summer season, electrical conductivity (1941.44 µs/cm), salinity (352.56 ppm), COD (43 ppm), BOD (19.63 ppm) and TDS (1242.67 ppm) in the fifth station compared to other stations The studied values ​​of Alla River were higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the comparison of water quality parameters with the standards of Iran and World Health Organization, it can be said that the water of Alla River is suitable for agricultural, horticultural, aquaculture and household purposes, but it is suitable for drinking.},  
Keywords = {water quality, chemical properties of water, physical parameters of water, Alla River},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {30-46}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.1.30},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1071-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1071-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Saghafi, Mahdi and Hosseinpour, Fatemeh},  
title = {Modeling Dispersion of Pollutant Gases Emitted from the Chimney of Sahand Thermal Power Plant Using SCREEN View Software}, 
abstract ={Background: This study aims to investigate the dispersion of pollutant gases emitted from the Sahand thermal power plant's chimney and determine the maximum concentration of these pollutants in the surrounding areas. Materials and Methods: The emission of exhaust gases from the chimney was simulated using SCREEN View software. This software calculates the maximum concentration of pollutants at specific distances from the chimney for all air stability classes, using input data such as the mass emission rate of pollutants, the temperature and velocity of the exhaust gases, the ambient temperature, the chimney's dimensions, and the height in the direction of emission. This research calculated the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide in eight directions: north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest of the power plant chimney. Results: The modeling results indicate that at a distance of 1218 meters from the power plant chimney, the maximum 1-hour concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide are 915.9, 54.14, and 1.305 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively. Moreover, for areas with higher elevations relative to the chimney, the maximum 24-hour concentrations for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide are 680.5, 40.22, and 0.97 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively. Conclusion: The levels of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in some areas near the power plant exceed the permissible limits set by the environmental standards of Iran and the World Health Organization, posing a health risk to the residents of these areas.},  
Keywords = {Air Pollutants, Standards, Computational Modeling},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {47-62}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.1.47},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1062-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1062-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Turk-ZadehMahani, Hannaneh and Morad-Alizadeh, Saeedeh and Rezaei, Mahdi},  
title = {Microbial Fuel Cells for Bio-electricity Generation from Organic Waste (Opportunities and Challenges)}, 
abstract ={Background: With the industrialization of societies, the use of fossil fuels has increased. To address the issues arising from this, the "waste-to-energy" approach using a type of fuel production process known as microbial fuel cells can be utilized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and investigate the use of microbial fuel cells for the production of bioelectricity from organic waste. Materials and Methods: In the initial search for articles, a total of 214 articles from 2009 to 2024 were found. After removing duplicates, 101 articles remained. At the end of the screening stage, 62 articles remained. To access relevant articles, the full texts were reviewed, and finally, 29 articles were used in the present study. Results: In microbial fuel cells, waste is considered as organic substrates, and microorganisms oxidize them to ultimately produce electrical energy without generating toxic by-products. Acetate is commonly used as an organic substrate due to its higher output power in fuel cells. For evaluating the performance of the fuel cells, electrodes are crucial as their material affects electron transfer and chemical efficiency. Conclusion: Despite the advantages of microbial fuel cell technology in waste management and reducing air pollution, it faces challenges such as relatively high investment costs and low efficiency when applied on a large scale, which has delayed its commercialization. However, it is necessary to examine and control the factors reducing the efficiency of this technology on the large scale to expand its application scope and justify the high investment cost.},  
Keywords = {Bioelectric Energy Sources, Electricity, Population Growth, Technology},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {63-74}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.1.63},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1069-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1069-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Khosravi, Yahya and Pournazari, Zahra and Yazdi, Muhaddith and Sediq, Faiza and Hassanzadeh-Rangi, Narmi},  
title = {Effect of hazard communication system on workplace safety and health performance in educational and research laboratories of universities of medical sciences}, 
abstract ={Background: The primary goal of the Hazard Communication System (HCS) is to enhance people's safety performance when exposed to hazardous chemicals. This study examined the effects of implementing the HCS program on safety awareness and performance in educational and research laboratories at medical sciences universities. Materials and Methods: The HCS program involved inventorying, preparing chemical safety data sheets, and providing training for educational and research laboratories at two selected medical sciences universities. General and specific safety training was conducted for 75 individuals who work with chemicals. Safety awareness and performance were assessed using the program's standard questionnaire before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistical methods and paired t-tests were utilized to analyze the data. Results: The awareness level of HCS before the intervention was 49.68, which increased to 58.70 after the intervention (P=0.066). The perception level of Globally Harmonized System (GHS) labels before the intervention was 24.70 which increased to 88.98 (P<0.001). The perception level of  UN labels before the intervention was 4.16 which increased to 20.06 (P<0.001). The perception level of EU labels before the intervention was 19.64 which increased to 73.80 (P<0.001). The safety performance level before the intervention was 31.56 which increased to 48.10 after the intervention (P=0.001). Conclusion: Implementing HCS following GHS principles can enhance chemical safety awareness and performance in research and educational laboratories.},  
Keywords = {Chemical safety, Hazard communication system, Awareness, Performance, Laboratory},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {75-85}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.1.75},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1055-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1055-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Ansari, Mohse},  
title = {Civil liability of the Ministry of Health for water hygiene: a review study of laws and regulations}, 
abstract ={Background: In case of non-supply or monitoring of water hygiene and resulting a direct damage to consumers, the need for compensation will be considered based on the theory of civil liability. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to survey the civil liability of the Ministry of Health for water hygiene. Materials and Methods: This research is a qualitative study based on the framework of the theory of civil liability, which by using the library research tool by collecting the laws and regulations of the country and using the thematic analysis method and matching the laws with the framework of the conceptual model, civil liability of the Ministry of Health in the field of water hygiene was identified. Results: Based on the findings, in Iran since 1949 and with the approval of the Urban Health Law, the Ministry of Health has been obliged to monitor and control the quality of non-piped water in cities. After the enactment of this law, 10 other laws and regulations until 2014, a total of 13 tasks for this ministry were identified in the issue of water hygiene. Conclusion: The findings suggest that existing laws and regulations adequately address the Ministry of Health's civil liability for water hygiene issues. Therefore, if consumers unknowingly suffer health damage directly from water pollution due to the Ministry's unintentional neglect, equipment defects, or mismanagement, the Ministry holds civil liability and must compensate for any losses incurred.},  
Keywords = {Ministry of health, Water Quality, Health, Civil liability, Compensation},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {86-102}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.1.86},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1065-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1065-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Soleimanipour, Forouzan and Pourkhabbaz, Hamid Rez},  
title = {Health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban street dust (Case study: Borazjan city)}, 
abstract ={Background: Since air pollution has always been one of the significant human problems and the effects of dust on human communities are evident, this study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals in dust in the urban area of Borazjan and to evaluate the health risk for the residents of this city. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in the summer of 2021, with the collection of dust from the main streets of Borazjan city randomly. The samples were dried and sieved after collection from the street surface and were prepared using a digestion method with four acids (HCl: HNO3: HF: HClO4, 3:1:3:1). They were then analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). After determining the concentrations of heavy metals, the health risk assessment was carried out for children and adults through three exposure pathways: ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Results: In this study, the average concentrations of metals were determined as follows: Cu (58.4), Zn (178.06), Fe (14694.86), Ni (30.03), Cr (55.73), Cd (0.23), Pb (60.53), and As (3.88) mg/kg. Additionally, the results of the health risk assessment showed that the health risk for non-carcinogenic effects (HI) in children ranged from 10-1 to 10-3, and in adults, it ranged from 10-2 to 10-4 (HI > 1). The carcinogenicity (CR) of these metals was in the range of 10-5 to 10-11. Conclusion: Overall, the levels of non-carcinogenic health risk as well as the assessment of carcinogenic risk for both children and adults are within the safe range. Moreover, the carcinogenicity of chromium and nickel is within the controlled pollution range (10-4 to 10-6) and does not pose a significant risk to the health of residents regarding cancer diseases.},  
Keywords = {Street dust, Heavy metals, Carcinogenic risk assessment, Borazjan city},
volume = {12},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {103-116}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.1.103},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1070-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1070-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2024}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Koshafar, Azita and Velayatzadeh, Mohamm},  
title = {Study of physical and chemical parameters of Arvand River based on fuzzy logic and NSFWQI index}, 
abstract ={Background: The quality of river water is deteriorating due to natural and human impacts. Arvandroud is a common river on the border of Iran and Iraq that irrigates many urban and rural areas and agricultural fields in Abadan and Khorramshahr regions. This research was conducted in 2022 with the aim of determining the quality characteristics of Arundroud water using NSFWQI index and fuzzy association model. Materials and Methods: Sampling and measurement of physical, chemical and microbial parameters were done using the standard method and 60 water samples were prepared from 10 stations with 3 replications in spring and summer. The water quality of Arvand River was investigated based on NSFWQI index and fuzzy correlation model. Results: Fuzzy correlation analysis between the measured values of the parameters in the studied stations showed that the correlation was significant with the increase of the Pearson statistic values (P<0.05). Based on the results of the classical correlation method, only the pH variable showed a significant correlation between the stations under study (P<0.05). Input functions included Pearson correlation and Sig. statistic (2 tails) and the output variable was the fuzzy correlation coefficient. For Sig. (2-tailed), 5 classes as very weak, weak, medium, strong and very strong, for Pearson's statistic 5 classes as very weak, weak, medium, strong and very strong and for phase correlation coefficient 4. The classes were determined as very weak, weak, medium and strong. Conclusion: According to the final NSFWQI index, the quality of water in all studied stations in Arundrud is at a bad level. By inserting the calculated correlation values in each variable, the results showed that the effect of pollutants on temperature was very weak, pH and total coliform were weak, and nitrate and TSS were moderate and strong for BOD, DO, phosphate and turbidity.},  
Keywords = {River health assessment, Water quality index, Fuzzy correlation model, Arvand River},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {117-136}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.2.117},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1078-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1078-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shirvani, Fatemeh and Morad-Alizadeh, Saeedeh and Rezaei, Mahdi},  
title = {Investigation of Advanced Oxidation Processes Based on Ultraviolet Radiation for the Removal of Phthalate Compounds from Aquatic Environments}, 
abstract ={Background: Phthalates are among the most significant industrial pollutants that endanger human health. These endocrine-disrupting compounds are commonly used in the manufacture of furniture and plastic containers, which can easily enter water sources through wastewater flow. Photochemical advanced oxidation processes have attracted considerable attention among the methods for removing these pollutants from aquatic environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and compare advanced oxidation processes based on ultraviolet radiation for the removal of phthalate compounds from aquatic environments. Materials and Methods: For the current study, after searching the keywords in the databases “ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley, Springer, SID, Magiran” from January 2013 to December 2024, a total of 693 articles were found, which after screening and full review of the articles, finally 54 articles were registered and used in the study. The criterion for the entry of articles was their relevance of the content to the subject matter. Results: Ultraviolet radiation alone can partially degrade phthalate compounds. However, this radiation is ineffective against many of these compounds; thus, effective removal of phthalate compounds with this method requires combining ultraviolet radiation with oxidants. Various advanced oxidation processes based on ultraviolet radiation exist, mainly including UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/Fe+2, UV/H2O2/Fe+3, UV/Cl-, UV/persulfate, UV/H2O2/Fe+2-oxalate, UV/TiO2, UV/Cl-/TiO2, and UV/O3. Generally, the UV/Cl- cyanurate process is recognized as the most cost-effective advanced oxidation process based on ultraviolet radiation. Conclusion: After examining the characteristics and performance of these processes for removing phthalate compounds from aquatic environments, the UV/Cl--cyanurates process was ultimately recommended due to its lower energy consumption, cost-effectiveness, and particularly its ability for nearly 100% removal efficiency},  
Keywords = {Advanced Oxidation Process, Phthalate, Ultraviolet Radiation},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {137-151}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.2.137},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1077-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1077-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hasanzadeh, Mehdi and HaghdoustGhahramanlou, Noorali and Hessari, Behz},  
title = {Local analysis of areas prone to artificial feeding of underground water resources in the Rozae Chai River catchment of Urmia}, 
abstract ={Background: In recent decades, the growing population, increasing human needs, and changing consumption patterns necessitate more effective planning and management of water resources. Key strategies for managing groundwater include artificial recharge and sustainable exploitation of aquifers. The aim of this study was to local analysis of areas prone to artificial feeding of underground water resources in the Rozae Chai River catchment of Urmia According to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), there were 8 layers, namely surface permeability, unsaturated zone thickness, aquifer transport capacity, groundwater quality, slope, land use, distance from the river, and distance from the village. Materials and Methods: After preparing the relevant layers, the layers were fuzzified and weighted using the AHP. A pairwise comparison matrix of various factors was created for this purpose. In the output of this model, the highest weights were respectively assigned to surface permeability, unsaturated zone thickness, and aquifer transmissivity. Finally, the potential areas were identified and evaluated using the ROC curve. Results: In the final weights, the highest values were assigned to surface permeability, unsaturated zone thickness, and aquifer transport. The final zoning map indicated that the central areas of the plain were most conducive to groundwater recharge due to the influence of these three primary factors, exhibiting high weights and gentle slopes of 0 to 2%. Conversely, the western and lowland areas had the least recharge potential due to low aquifer transportability, high slopes, and thick unsaturated zones. The area under the ROC curve of susceptible regions is 0.98, indicating high accuracy of the results. Conclusion: It can be stated that the use of multi-criterion decision-making methods for designing, evaluating, and prioritizing options for decisions, along with the application of GIS for analyzing large volumes of geographic data, combined with fuzzy logic, can assist us in implementing artificial feeding locations accurately and precisely.},  
Keywords = {local analysis, Hierarchical analysis process, Artificial feeding of underground water sources, Urmia plain},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {152-170}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.2.152},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1061-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1061-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Alavi, Ensieh Alsadat and Saffari, Mahboub and Modiri, Sina and Yari, Hossei},  
title = {Modeling and optimization of nickel (II) ion removal from aqueous solutions using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel crosslinked with ferric chloride}, 
abstract ={Background: Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in utilizing biocompatible and renewable polymers as efficient adsorbents for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutionsz. This study investigates the efficacy of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogel crosslinked with ferric chloride as a low-cost and effective adsorbent for nickel (Ni) removal from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: In this research, CMC hydrogel was synthesized through a chemical crosslinking process with ferric chloride. The structural properties of the hydrogel were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Optimal conditions for Ni removal were determined using Response Surface Methodology (Box-Behnken design) by examining the influence of key variables, including initial Ni concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. Results: FTIR and SEM analyses revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups present in the hydrogel structure, along with its unique morphology, facilitate Ni adsorption from aqueous solutions through potential mechanisms such as chelation, electrostatic interactions, and the formation of coordination bonds. The highest Ni removal efficiency (87.88%) was achieved under conditions with an initial concentration of 80 ppm, pH of 7.5, adsorbent dosage of 1.5 g/L, and contact time of 30 minutes. The study of variable effects demonstrated that increasing pH enhances Ni removal, while adsorbent dosage and contact time exhibit a lesser impact on removal efficiency. Additionally, results indicated that the reduced second-order statistical model (Box-Behnken) effectively describes the experimental data, and the predicted values align well with observed values. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the high efficiency of CMC hydrogel as an effective polymeric adsorbent for removing Ni ions from moderately polluted aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the results clearly indicate that Ni removal by this adsorbent is significantly influenced by the initial Ni concentration and solution pH. However, the effects of contact time and adsorbent dosage were not significant in the subsequent stages of the process. For future studies, it is recommended to modify the CMC structure through advanced crosslinking methods and combine it with minerals to increase specific surface area, surface charge, and ultimately enhance performance and adsorption capacity.},  
Keywords = {Heavy metals, Adsorption, Response Surface Methodology, Biocompatible Polymers, Optimization},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {171-190}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.2.171},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1083-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1083-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {HosseiniSanjari, Ramin and Mafigholami, Roy},  
title = {Comparison of the conventional chemical coagulation process and electrocoagulation and flotation efficiency in cosmetics industry wastewater treatment}, 
abstract ={Background: Cosmetic and personal care industry wastewater contains chemicals and non-biodegradable organic compounds that must be treated before discharge into the environment. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of conventional chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation-flotation processes in treating wastewater from the cosmetic industry. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, both processes were designed using a central composite design (CCD) approach. For the chemical coagulation process, the variables optimized included pH (5-9), rapid mixing time (30-60 sec), slow mixing time (10-20 min), settling time (30-60 min), and the dose of the coagulant (0.5-1 g/L). For the electrocoagulation process, the optimized variables were pH (5-9), direct current intensity (2-4 A), reaction time (40-80 min), the number of electrodes (4-8 n), and the distance between electrodes (2-4 cm). Results: In both processes, the designed model followed a quadratic model with a high correlation coefficient. The efficiency of the electrocoagulation process in reducing COD levels in cosmetic industry wastewater was significantly higher than the conventional chemical coagulation process. Under optimal conditions, the COD concentration decreased from 570 mg/L to 57 mg/L in the electrocoagulation process. In contrast, the conventional chemical coagulation process achieved 65% efficiency under optimal conditions, reducing COD levels to 199.8 mg/L. Conclusion: The results indicated that after treatment using the aforementioned processes, the effluent can be safely discharged into the environment},  
Keywords = {Chemical coagulation, Electrochemical coagulation, Optimization, Central Composite Design, Cosmetic-sanitary, wastewater},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {191-210}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.2.191},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1081-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1081-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Nematpourkajel, Darioush and Tavakoli, Babak and Torkaman, Javad and Aalipour, Mehdi},  
title = {Determining the Status of Medical Waste Production in Healthcare Centers of Siahkal City}, 
abstract ={Background: Medical and healthcare wastes are major environmental concerns due to their hazardous and polluting nature. Considering the environmental hazards posed by medical waste as a regional and global issue, it is essential to conduct studies on the status of medical waste generation and management in Siahkal city, located in the eastern part of Gilan province. This city serves as a representative example of northern cities in the country. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the waste produced by all medical and healthcare centers in Siahkal on an annual basis. Three days of each month were selected to weigh the waste produced, using a 10-gram scale. Excel and SPSS software were used to categorize and analyze the data. Results: The average total amount of waste produced in healthcare centers in the city was estimated to be 8,262.98 kg annually, consisting of 5,588.43 kg of infectious waste, 2,111.74 kg of general waste, 317.09 kg of needles, and 245.72 kg of chemical waste. The results showed that the total amount of waste produced (from clinics, private sectors, and hospitals) is higher in the spring and summer seasons compared to the autumn and winter. Additionally, the amount of medical waste produced by different treatment departments varied significantly. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that hospital waste management in Siahkal city is generally inadequate. Private offices and clinics in the city are in worse condition than healthcare centers and hospitals in terms of waste production, separation, decontamination, and disposal.},  
Keywords = {Medical waste, Hospital, Healthcare centers, Waste management, Amount of waste generated},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {211-226}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.2.211},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1073-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1073-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Baharvandi, Narjes and Darvishmotevalli, Mohammad and Mohammadi, Zahra and Faraji, Hossein and Eskandari, Akbar},  
title = {An Overview of Simulation and Optimization Models for Urban Solid Waste Management Systems}, 
abstract ={Background: Considering the increasing production of waste and the challenges associated with traditional waste management, this research examines the integrated application of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things in improving the waste management process. The main objective of this study is to provide innovative and efficient solutions for the collection, sorting, and recycling of waste using advanced technologies. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive review conducted in 2024, aimed at reporting the search process, documentation, and screening using the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews. The methodology involved searching for articles from 2000 to 2024 with the English keywords waste management, Internet of Things in waste management, artificial intelligence in waste management, new methods of waste management, and their corresponding Persian equivalents on reputable sites such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID. Results: After searching with relevant keywords, a total of 1021 studies were found, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 articles were utilized. According to the results, the combination of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence in waste management leads to the optimization of waste collection, prediction of waste volume, and reduction of costs. Machine learning algorithms are also widely used in municipal solid waste management, from waste generation to collection and transportation. Smart sensors and devices are capable of providing real-time data, which can lead to better decision-making and ultimately enhance MSWM, environmental sustainability, and the protection of natural resources. Conclusion: Waste management in contemporary societies faces challenges such as increased waste production and a lack of infrastructure. The utilization of modern technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence can significantly aid in improving the waste management process by analyzing data, predicting waste volume, and optimizing collection routes. This approach not only reduces costs but also contributes to environmental protection and enhances urban quality of life.},  
Keywords = {Smart waste management, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, ML algorithms},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {227-242}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.2.227},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1076-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1076-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2025}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hassanzadeh-Rangi, Narmin and Farsijani, Niyayesh and Davtalab, Mohammad Ami},  
title = {Fire risk assessment and provision of control measures in a selected hospital in Alborz province}, 
abstract ={Background: Fire and explosion are the first and second main hazards in industries and services, respectively. Using fire engineering in design is only possible based on risk assessment methods. The computational of  fire risk engineering evalution  (FRAME) is a comprehensive, transparent and practical method for evaluating fire risk in buildings. This study aims to assess fire risk using the FRAME method in a selected hospital in Alborz province. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital complex in Alborz province. Using this method, three different fire risk modes for buildings and their contents, occupants and activities inside the buildings were calculateted for 32 hospital departments. The required data were collected through firld investigation and monitoring of hospital condition, measurement of parameters, moitoring  questionnaire, checklists and according to the information mentioned in the FRAME executive instructions; Then it was analyzed in FRAME software. Results: The risk value for buildings and their contents, occupant and activities befor applying control measures was estimated as 0.21, 0.75 and 0.13 respectively. Also amount of risk for buildings and their contents, occupants and activities after control measures was calculated as 0.05, 0.22 and 0.05.  Conclusion: The findings of the study show that the highest risk of fire is related to occupants, and it is necessary for the authorities to take the necessary measures in this case. Installation of automatic fire alarm and fire extingushing systems and training can have a significant effect in reducing the risk of fire.},  
Keywords = {Fire Risk assessment, Safety Management, Fire Prevention, Hospital},
volume = {12},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {243-258}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.61186/jehe.12.2.243},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1080-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1080-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2025}  
}