@article{ author = {Bazdar, Mohammad and Godini, Hatam and Tarrahi, Mohammad Javad and Zare, Soudabeh and Yarahmadi, Morteza and MohammadianZafarabadi, Jalal and Ahmadifard, Tayebe}, title = {Investigating the impact of training on water consumption saving in Khorramabad in 2015}, abstract ={Background: In the water demand management there is a certain relationship between attitudes, beliefs, actual behavior of consumers and water consumption. There are many factors in a positive attitude towards water use. By providing the right information should changed the beliefs and attitudes of citizens towards drinking water habits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training on water consumption in the Khorramabad city in 1394. Methods: This study was conducted in the Lorestan province and in the Khorramabad city. That the effect of training on water saving was evaluated for 60 households with high water consumption levels. The selected households were randomly assigned to 2 groups: control and treatment. In the treatment group was taught how to properly use in a regular basis and periodically meter reading for both groups took .This study was performed for 6 months in summer and autumn in 1394. Results: The results of this study showed that households in 1393 and 1394 respectively in the control group consumed an average per capita consumption of 60.78 ± 253.7 and 62.35 ± 208 liters per day per person. The average consumption per capita in 93 and 94 in the treatment group was respectively 192.14 ±51.2 and 171.9 ± 48.57 liters per day per person. As well as due to intervention education decrease 9-11% water consumption. Conclusion: The basic results of this study to raise public awareness about the water crisis, stresses and the importance of water using education can affect to water use. It can also promote a culture of right consumption and to change people’s behavior towards water use.}, Keywords = {Household Water Use Per Capita, Training, Attitude, Water Saving}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.1.1}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zarei, Fatemeh and Mousavifard, Seyedeh Azar and Ardestani, Mozhg}, title = {Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorder Prevalence and Associated risk Factors of A Metal Structure Manufacturing Company in Tehran}, abstract ={Background and purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational injuries that are caused due to different risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and level of musculoskeletal disorders risk among a metal structure manufacturing company. Materials and methods: The present cross sectional study was considered prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among 202 workforces in 7 job groups. Nordic questionnaire was used as survey tool and rates of body exposure to risk factors were assessed by Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method. Data were analyzed by T-test, χ2 and ANOVA using SPSS19 software. Results: According to completed questionnaire 74.25% of workers have experienced symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders over the past year. The highest prevalence of disorders were found in lower back, knees, hands and wrists. The Positive, significant correlation were found between prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and level of body exposure risk. Conclusion: There was found a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among different job groups in metal structure manufacturing. Factors such as lack of ergonomic considerations in workstations design, Inappropriate work procedure, inefficient handling equipment, dealing with heavy workloads and time pressure on product delivery is effective in development of musculoskeletal disorder.}, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders, Ergonomics, Metal Structure}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {10-19}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.1.10}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-276-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-276-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Somayeh and Alimohammadi, Mahmood and Nabizadeh, Ramin and Dehghani, MOhammad Hadi}, title = {Environmental Impact Assessment of the fuel transmission line to combined cycle power Plant of Chabahar project using Iranian Matrix}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: Environmental crisis causes deep concern in different levels human societies and it is necessary to consider the environmental criteria in the development activities to solve this problem.  Due to the nature of the transferred fluid, the exploitation of oil transmission line and petroleum products has some potentially environmental risks and events. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental effects of the fuel transmission line to combined cycle powerhouse of Chabahar project using Iranian matrix-based method. Materials & Methods: In this study, the environmental effects of the fuel transmission line to combined cycle powerhouse of Chabahar project was evaluated in all physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments in structural and exploitation phases. Results: Total positive effects of study in structural and exploitation phases was calculated (+81) and total negative effects in physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environments was assessed (-112) and the difference was (-31). Conclusion: Due to the analysis, no average rating less than (-2) was found in all evaluation matrix's rows and columns. Therefore, fueling to combined cycle powerhouse project is approved.}, Keywords = {Environmental Impact Assessment, Iranian matrix, Chabahar city}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {20-29}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.1.20}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-286-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-286-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Amereh, Fatemeh and Jahangiri-Rad, Mahsa and Mazloomi, Sajad and Rafiee, Mohamm}, title = {The role of environmental and lifestyle factors in the incidence and prevalence of cancer}, abstract ={ Background and purpose: Cancer is a noteworthy cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is more often caused by the environment of a person lives in, rather than his or her innate biology. The highly significant and rapid changes in cancer incidence in the last decades are generally attributed to equally dramatic changes in population exposure to environmental factors. Methods: The available evidence on the role of environmental factors and their relevant effects in cancer rates has been studied. Results: Major of cancer risk factors are include tobacco, overweight and obesity, physical activity, diet and body composition, food, air and water contamination, and viral chronic infections. Exposure assessment and research methodology has been the Achilles heel for studies on environmental contaminants and cancer. Thus, it should not be looked at cancer merely as a disease, since cancer is beyond a disease and must be considered through different aspects. Conclusion: The scientific community effort to increase public awareness, winning the support of policy makers as well as intersectoral coordination in order to lifestyle modifications, reducing high-risk behaviors and confronting food, air and water contamination have strategic importance in cancer prevention. Basic and clinical studies as well as interdisciplinary research thence are necessary for a better understanding of the pathophysiology and finding more effective and cheaper ways to prevent, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Accordingly, this requires the investment of governmental and non-governmental democrats. }, Keywords = {Cancer, Environmental Factors, Lifestyle, Exposure }, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {30-42}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.1.30}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-287-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Javanmardi, Parviz and Takdastan, Afshin and Jalilzadeh, Reza and Mohammadi, Mohammad jav}, title = {Study the Efficiency and Effective Factors on the Application of Clinoptilolite Zeolite for Removal of Zn from Aqueous Solutions, Determination of the Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherms}, abstract ={Background and objective: The industrial wastewaters are considered to be one of the main sources of heavy metal impurities. The removal of toxic heavy metals from wastewaters is of great importance from an environmental point of zn are the most concerning heavy metals in aqueous solutions due their high toxicity in low concentrations and bioaccumulation in live tissues. Among various removal methods, adsorption through inexpensive adsorbents has been highly considered by researchers. The zn removal by natural clinoptilolite zeolite was defined as the main purpose of the current study. Methods: The experiments were carried out in batch mode operation with natural zeolite. The zeolite characteristics were analyzed with SEM and XRD. The effect of pH (5, 6, 7, 8, 10), contact time (15, 30, 45, 60,90min), adsorbent dosage (1, 3, 5, 7, 10) and pb and zn concentrations (10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 100 mg/L) on removal efficiency of zn, adsorption isotherms and kinetics were studied in constant temperature. Results: Based on the findings, optimum conditions of zn removal by natural zeolite, included pH, 7, adsorbent dose of 5g/L and contact time of 30 minutes. The metal removal was decreased along with metal concentration, but the absorption capacity was increased. Of the two studied models, the Langmuir isotherm was better fitted Freundlich for zn (R2=0.98). Also for Zn, the pseudo second order kinetics was consistent with results. Conclusion: The results of current study indicated that natural clinoptilolite zeolite can be considered as an efficient and cost effective adsorbent for zn removal from aqueous solutions.}, Keywords = {Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite, Adsorption, Zn, Isoterm}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-57}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.1.43}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-288-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-288-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Seyed Mehdi and Asgharnia, Hosein Ali and Alimohammadi, Mahmood and Ahmadnejad, Abbas and Balarak, Davoud and Karimian, Kamaleddi}, title = {Kinetic and Isotherm Study for Removal of Zn (II) From Aqueous Solutions by Natural and tartaric acid Modified Maize Hull}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Zinc is one of trace elements essential for human but too much zinc can cause eminent health problems especially in drinking water that must be removed. The purpose of this study was to determine the removal zinc from water by natural and modified maize hull. Material and Methods: This stady was non-continuous experiment which was implemented in lab scale conditions by changing effective factors such as pH(2 to 7), contact time(5 to 180 minutes), adsorbent concentration(10 to 150 ppm) and adsorbent dosage(1 to 6 g/l) in 100 ml deionized water. The concentration of zinc was measured by atomic adsorbtion in accordance with standard method and removal percentage of Zn deteminated. Results: Removal rate of zinc increased with increasing the contact time, dose of adsorbent, pH and decreasing by initial concentration of zinc. Efficiency of natural and modified maize hull in the optimum state was 91% and 98% respectively. The kinetic and isotherm was pseudo second order and Langmuir (II) respectively. ANOVA analysis showed that all of the variables in the process have been statistically significant effect (p < 0.05). Conclution: According to the results obtained maize hull appears to be suitable, low cost and efficient adsorbent for removing Zn (II) from aqueous solutions.}, Keywords = {Maize hull, Zinc, Adsorbtion kinetic, Adsorption isotherm}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {58-69}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.1.58}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-289-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {OroojiN, Naghmeh and Takdastan, Afshin and NooriSepehr, Mohammad and Raeesi, Gholam Rez}, title = {Evaluation the Quality of Bottled Waters Consumption in Iran in 2015}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Population growth and limited access to fresh water and need to use bottled water for drinking, chemical and biological quality of the water exacerbates the need for review. The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical and microbial quality in multi-brand bottled water was consumed in the country.   Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in stages, the first brand of bottled water available 6 recognized and sampling was conducted.  The chemical and bacteriological quality of water parameters include cL-, nitrate,Mg+2, Ca+2, hardness, Na+,No2-, pH , TDS, EC, F-, total coliforms and fecal coliforms in the samples were tested. The average value of each property, with standard and were compared with the amounts listed on the label. Data analysis using the software SPSS, descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (p <0.05) were performed. Results:The results showed that the number of total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria group does not exist in any of the samples and MPN /100cc, respectively. The average concentration of chemical parameters such as pH, TDS, calcium, nitrate and nitrite in all bottled waters, were on the standard ranges. As well as in a number of instances, significant differences between the measured values ​​with the values ​​printed on the label of bottled water there. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, chemical and biological quality of bottled water is examined in terms of acceptable drinking water standards.}, Keywords = {Bottled drinking water, Chemical quality of drinking water , Bacteriological quality of drinking water}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {70-81}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.1.70}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kermani, Majid and Dowlati, Mohsen and JoneidiJafari, Ahmad and RezaeiKalantari, Roshanak}, title = {Evaluation of Cardiovascular Death, Attributed to CO Exposure in Tehran Megacity in During a Five-Year Period (2010-2014) by Using AirQ Model}, abstract ={Background: Air pollution in large cities is one of the main difficulties that have harmful effects on humans and the environment and cause various diseases including cardiovascular disease. So, present study with aim of Estimation of Cardiovascular Death, Attributed to CO Exposure in Tehran Megacity in during a five-year period (2010-2014) by using AirQ Model were performed. Materials and Methods: This Study was a descriptive–analytic at first, hourly data of pollutants were taken from the environmental protection agency Tehran and Air Quality Control Company and validated according to the WHO guidelines. Required statistical parameters calculated for health effect quantifying and finally processed data converted to input and requirements AirQ model data and health effects quantifying were performed using this model. The final results on deaths due to cardiovascular disease were presented in tables and graphs format. Results: Results showed annual average concentration of CO in Tehran in 2010-2014 are 49, 31, 11,12,21,76 mg/ m3 respectively. In addition, the number of cardiovascular deaths in 2011-2015 is 52,37,29,31,42 respectively Conclusion: According to the results, CO as well as other pollutants can adversely affect human health. Due to high levels of air pollution and its related health consequences, particularly cardiovascular disease, should take appropriate measures to reduce air pollution.}, Keywords = {Air Pollution, environment, CO Pollutant, Tehran Megacity, AirQ model}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {82-92}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.1.82}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-291-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Dargahi, Abdollah and Amirian, Farhad and Naderi, Marzieh and Shokri, Rohollah and Jamshidi, Ali}, title = {Assessment of Scale Formation and Corrosion of Drinking Water Supplies in Dehloran (Iran) in 2014}, abstract ={Background: corrosion is a physic and chemical reaction occurring between a substance and its surrounding environment leading to the change in the substance properties. Corrosion can cause economic damage, loss of life and illness in consumers is watering plants. The aim of this study was to Assessment of scale formation and corrosion of drinking water supplies in Dehloran. Methods: This research was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. the sampling was carried out during one year from 8 wells. Values of Langelier, Ryznar, corrosivity and Puckorius indexes were calculated by using such parameters as total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium hardness, total alkalinity, temperature, pH, pHs on all Sources of drinking water in dehloran. Results: The results of this study showed that the amount of TDS, turbidity and total hardness wells is lower than the national standard. So that the highest and lowest TDS was obtained for Dashte Akbar 1wells (1084 mg/l) and Bare Bijeh 1(132 mg/l), respectively. As well as The highest and lowest turbidity was obtained for Bare Bijeh 2 wells (0.99 NTU) and Dashte Akbar 1(0.25 NTU), respectively. For all the wells studied was obtained Lanzhylh index between -0.43 to +0.19, Ryzner of the 7.52 to 9.07, Puckorius index between 8.69 to 11.21 and corrosion of between 8.01 to 8.68, respectively. Conclusion: The relevant indicators show that drinking water in dehloran corrosive and therefore must be continuously monitored water quality in the distribution network and measures to be applied in the field of corrosion control.}, Keywords = {Corrosion, Scale formation, Water resources, Dehloran}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-103}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.2.93}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Golshahi, Mohammad and Farrokhi, Mehrdad and Mohammadnejad, Shahi}, title = {Determine Performance System MBBR in Reduction COD Sewage and Comparison with Conventional Activated Sludge System}, abstract ={Background& Objective: The advantage of Attached growth to the suspended growth systems Includes easier administering, high efficiency against shock loads, increasing concentration so contamination stand produce less sludge. For the above reasons the design of a system that benefits both suspended and attached growth system moving bed biofilm reactor may benefit (MBBR( was designed including acne that removing into the reactor and it sue is expanding day by day in the world. Objective in study Comparison between conventional activated sludge and MBBR system is the reduction of COD in sewage. Materials and Methods: Studied at the Screener pilot wastewater treatment plant was installed in Rasht. In this project at first pilot on use of two reactor metal parallel (MBBR)chock- full of Acne duct shielded wire the percentage filling %45 to immerse and activated sludge reactor as a witness to beginning started. Sampling was conducted to checking efficiency removal COD of end each reactors in retention times 5,8,12 hours began and in every stage amount TSS, DO, MLSS, were determined. This Study purely was in environmental conditions and temperatures between 13 and 27ċ.        Results: Removal efficiency of COD in retention times of 5,8,12 hours, were %77.8, %88, %90 respectively. Biological mass and SRT in these retention times were 6153,9833,10533 mg/L 21, 46 and 69 days respectively. In state of optimum (MBBR) system, the efficiency was 20% more than conventional activated sludge. Conclusion: It is concluded that COD removal efficiency of (MBBR) system is greater than conventional activated sludge in waste water treatment plant of city of Rasht.}, Keywords = {Sewage, MBBR, COD Removal, Biofilm}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {104-114}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.2.104}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-329-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rahmani, Alireza and Mehralipour, Jamal and Majidi, Sab}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Ozonation Combined with Persulfate Application for Removal of Furfural from Aqueous Solutions}, abstract ={Background: Furfural is an organic compound which derived from a variety industrial, including petrochemicals, pulping, pharmaceutical, food. Also is a main agent in many industries and aromatic organic compounds entrance in the environment. There are several methods of treating including physical, chemical, biological and physicochemical for remove this matter. Among advanced oxidation methods can be combined ozonation process with persulfate catalytic are noted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ozonation process with the use of persulfate in removal furfural from aqueous solution. Materials and Methods: In this study, the efficiency of the process with a concentration furfural 5 to 30 mg/L, concentration persulfate 4 to 15 mM, pH = 3-11 and reaction time of 35 minutes in the semi-continuous reactor with a capacity of one liter was obtained. Results: The results of this study have been shown in  conditions of operation optimal , pH =,3 persulfate dosage 12 mM, ozone dosage of 1 g/min and the initial concentration of furfural  5 mg/L, this process is capable  remove of %93/34 percent Furfural and %70 of the initial COD. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the ozone/persulfate process can be a suitable process for the removal of organic aromatic compounds including pollutants of interest.}, Keywords = {Furfural, O3, Persulfate, Aqueous solutions}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {115-125}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.2.115}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Pourmoghadas, Hossein and Zafarzadeh, Ali}, title = {Effect of Applying Chemical Fertilizers on Concentration of Cd, Pb and Zn in Agricultural Soils}, abstract ={Background &Objective:  Nowadays uncontrolled uses of chemical fertilizers which have many heavy metals such as Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in addition have economic problems, cause to serious damages in the environment. Therefore uncontrolled application of fertilizers can cause accumulation contaminants in soil, water sources and increasing in plants and human & animals’ food chain. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizers application to increase heavy metals in agricultural soils at directions to prevent contamination in water sources, agricultural products and the best uses of chemical fertilizers. Methods: In this study, 20 soil samples and 5 useful chemical fertilizer samples were collected and investigated. After fertilizer and soil samples were prepared, digested and filtered, heavy metals were determined with using atomic absorption. Results: The results of this study showed that, Cd in Diammonum phosphate  fertilizer 1.25 times, Super phosphate triple 1.7 times and in Macro granular fertilizer 1.5 times were as much as maximum acceptable concentration in chemical fertilizers. Cadmium concentration in all of the Jarghoye (Isfahan) agricultural soil samples 3 to 7 times and in the Mobarake village (Najaf abad) agricultural soil samples 10 to 35 times were as much as maximum acceptable concentration in agricultural soils. But Pb and Zn concentration in all of the agricultural soil samples was less than the amount of maximum acceptable concentration. Conclusion: Phosphate chemical fertilizers were positive effects to increase concentration of Pb and Zn in agricultural soils. Therefore, application of the fertilizer must be more attention because of increasing heavy metals in the agriculture soils and probably increasing heavy metals in food chain.  }, Keywords = {: Fertilizer, Heavy Metals, Agricultural, Isfahan }, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {126-138}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.2.126}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-354-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-354-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mosavi, Seyyed Alireza and Ozeiri, Narjes}, title = {Assess Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Solid Waste Management in Taghbostan Mountain Climbers from Kermanshah City in 2014}, abstract ={Background: The performance of Cultural programs with environmental aims needs to check the status of knowledge, attitude and practice of community towards the subject as is desired, which one of those programs is solid waste management programs in the mountainous areas as a general duty. In the meantime, Mountaineers play role in the environmental cultural activities This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of people Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitude and behavior towards the management of solid waste in the mountain climbers of Kermanshah Taqbstan in 2014. Based on random sampling of 385 questionnaires were distributed among mountain climbers Taqbstan. The results of this study have been analyzed based on a statistical approach; ANOVA, by using SPPS version 16 Results: The results show an insignificant relationship between job and gender with awareness and performance. However, the age as a main variable has a significant relation with the knowledge but has an insignificant relation with attitude and performance. The results of correlation studies of education level with the knowledge and practice with p equal to 0.045 is statistically significant Conclusions: Solid Waste Management mountain climbers' education level is the most influential parameter. So that people with higher education have better performance. On the other hand, suffer climbers aged 20 to 40 and higher had better awareness about the Solid Waste Management. The results of this study should be noted that in any job can be diligent in protecting the mountain environment and includes a certain occupational group not be affected}, Keywords = {Solid Waste Management, Mount Taqbostan, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-148}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.2.139}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-332-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-332-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Talebi, Sajad and ChaibakhshLangroudi, Naz and Moradi-Shoeili, Zeinab}, title = {Optimization of Photodegradation of Acid Blue 113 Dye on Anatase TiO2 Nanocatalyst Using Response Surface Methodology}, abstract ={Background: Over the last decades, many efforts have been made to improve the wastewater purification by developing suitable treatment methods for various pollutants removal. Most studies in this field have focused on heterogeneous photocatalysis which use semiconductor oxides, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). This useful technique is based on the pollutant decomposition by means of a chemical reaction occurring on a photocatalytic surface activated by light with a specific wavelength. The efficiency for removing of persistent organic pollutants such as azo dyes, photostability and inertness to chemical environment has made TiO2 an important photocatalytic material. In this study, the photodegradation of an industrial textile dye Acid blue 113 (AB113), using anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation, has been performed in an aqueous heterogeneous medium. Methods: The photocatalytic process was monitored by the UV–visible spectrometry, and different dosages of catalyst (10.00-60.00 mg), pH conditions (3-8), contact time (2-30 min), at the dye concentration of 25 mg/L were used. In addition, response surface methodology based on a three-variable three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to study and optimize the photocatalytic process. The interactive effects of three operational parameters including irradiation time, pH, and the catalyst amount on the dye degradation were analyzed. Results: The dye degradation efficiency was accurately modeled by a quadratic equation with an R2 of 0.9649. The optimum conditions for the dye removal were found at 29.78 min, pH 6.56 and catalyst dose of 42 mg in 100 mL of the solution. At this condition, 95.3% of the dye was removed. Conclusion: The results show that anatase TiO2 nanoparticles present excellent photocatalytic activity on the degradation of AB113 under UV irradiation. Therefore, the photodegradation of dyes using anatase TiO2 nanoparticlesas can be efficiently used under optimum conditions for treatment of dye-containing industrial effluents.}, Keywords = {Photocatalyst, Dye degradation, Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, Acid blue 113, Box-Behnken design }, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {149-160}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.2.149}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-337-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {MollaieTavani, Sakine and Dehghanifard, Emad and HajibagherTehrani, Sahba and Ebrahimi, UmKolsom}, title = {Survey the performance of the Shohada of Behshahr the wastewater treatment plant hospital in 2015-2016}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Hospital wastewater due to having pollutants like pharmaceuticals and antibiotics, chemical and heavy metals and … In the absence of proper treatment and its entry into the receiving waters are causing health risks. This study evaluate treatment and the quality of effluents from a single wastewater hospital Behshahr's Shohada gynecology and compare effluent with environmental standards. Materials and Methods: The study on wastewater treatment plant was to Descriptive - analytical method 2015-2016 in the hospital A single gynecologic Behshahr's Shohada. In order to determine the sewage quality and efficiency Wastewater treatment plant outlet effluent sampling was performed. Samples of BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, DO, turbidity, free chlorine, fecal coliform and total coliform were analyzed using standard methods. Results: The average daily water consumption of 33 m3 and the average hospital wastewater generated per bed is 26.4 m3/day. Average parameters BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, DO, turbidity, free chlorine, fecal coliform and total coliform in the outlet effluent treatment plant respectively is 112/25 mg /l, 157 mg / L, 1122/25 mg / L, 138/75 mg / L, 59/5 mg / L, 13 NTU, 1mg / L,4/75 MPN / 100mL, 46 MPN / 100mL. Conclusion: The results showed that all parameters are above the standard level suitable effluent disposal to receiving the waters were, therefore efficiency is unsuitable the process of and requires management and leadership is more accurate. This wastewater treatment plant also can be used for agricultural use, Discharge into surface waters and catchy wells are not  and Total coliform and fecal coliform amounts were measured only by the standards of the Iran Environmental Protection Agency were compatible.}, Keywords = {Hospital wastewater, standard disposal, wastewater treatment plant Behshahr}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {161-173}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.2.161}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Komasi, Mehdi and Sharghi, Soroush}, title = {Surface Water Quality Assessment and Prioritize the Factors Pollute This Water Using Topsis Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis}, abstract ={Background & Objective: Nowadays, according to growth of industry and increasing population, water resources are seriousely shortened. This lack of water resources will require special management to be considered in industry and agriculture. Among the various sources of water, surface waters are more susceptible to infection. The most important of these sources of pollution are industrial pollution, detergent, pesticides, radioactive materials, heat and salt concentration.  Materials & methods: In this article, at first the importance of each pollutant will be evaluated base on the effects and its results and then quality evaluation of surface water will be studied. In order to assess the relative importance of these pollutants primarily using TOPSIS software, prioritize these factors as one of the hierarchical analysis and then is modeled with decision tree method using Weka software, the importance of each factor is evaluated and if it does not meet the minimal importance of the decision tree will be removed. Results: The results obtained from the Topsis fuzzy analysis indicate that surface water and groundwater are exposed to pollution about 74% and 26% respectively among the six pollutants examined in this study. In addition, results obtaned from the hierarchical tree in software Weka has shown that the heat factor, soluble salts and industrial pollutants give impac factor or purity about 0.1338, 0.0523 and 1.2694 respectively. Conclusion: Surface water is at greater risk of being polluted compared with groundwater. The heat factor and low concentration of dissolved salts have the low impact and industrial pollutants are considered as the most influential factors in surface water pollution.}, Keywords = {Surface water quality evaluation, Topsis, Weka software, Fuzzy hierarchical analysis, Water pollution }, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {174-184}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.2.174}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {AhmadiShahrivar, Narges and Alimohammadi, Mahmood and Moattar, Faramarz and Dehghanifard, Emad and Askari, Masoomeh}, title = {Evaluation of Pollutants Emission from Stack Vegetable Oil Factory in North of Iran}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Technologies, although is useful to make development, has resulted in environmental degradation and resource depletion. One of the most important energy-consuming industries is food factories that led to release of pollutants into the air, water and soil. The aim of this study was evaluated pollutants emission from stack vegetable oil factory in north of Iran in the summer and fall of 2014. Methods: The samples were taken from stack of factory. The rate of pollutants were determined the type of scrubber. Sampling was done twice in the summer which analyses determined the type of scrubber. After installation scrubber and change the type of fuel, Sampling was again conducted in the fall. Results: The results showed that the installation of scrubber and change the type of fuel led to all of pollutants reached to the environmental standards of Iran. Conclusions: Modification of fuel and installation the scrubber could be considered as a strategy to reduce pollutants. }, Keywords = {Suspended Particles, gaseous pollutants, Stack, Scrubber, Vegetable oil factory}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {184-177}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.3.185}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {MollaieTavani, Sakineh and Dehghanifard, Emad and Mehrali, Ali and SharifiArab, Gholam Ali and Dehmanesh, Alaleh}, title = {Survey the Bacteriological Quality of Juice in the Juice Shop of Shahrood City and its Relationship with Food Safety Knowledge and Performance of Vendors in 2013-2014: A Case Study}, abstract ={Backgrounds and Objective: Juice drinks have high nutritional value, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals which are widely consumed due to therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to survey the bacteriological quality of juices in Shahrood city. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the spring and summer seasons of 2014-2015, on juices sold in the Shahrood city study. A self-report questionnaire confirmed by the ministry of health, with certain modifications (as needed), was applied to determine the bacteriological quality of juices and the relationship between food safety knowledge and practices of vendors. In this study, all juice shops (9 units) were considered and the research was carried out by visiting and completing the questionnaires. In order to determine the bacteriological quality of fruit juices, sampling was done from juice shops. The samples the assessed for the presence of Staphylococcus, E. coli, total coliform, yeast and mold counts by using standard methods. The results were compared with the standards of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Then, obtained data were analyzed by Excel and SPSS software. Result: About 16.12 % of the samples contaminated to Staphylococcus aureus, 22.58% to Escherichia coli, 12.9% to total coliform, 38.7% to yeast and 9.67% to mold. Also, a significant correlation between parameters such as level of literacy (Education) of vendors, amount of sales, site and refrigerator hygiene, personal hygiene, food hygiene, and sanitation was existed (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that all biological parameters were higher than the standard level, which was due to the lack of principles and rules of personal hygiene, food hygiene and sanitation. Hence, management, monitoring and purposeful education was much more needed for food safety supervision and training to prevent contamination of food with pathogenic agents, and greater emphasis on compliance with regulations is Article 13.}, Keywords = {Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Total coliform count, Yeast and mold, juice, Shahrood city}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {196-185}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.3.193}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Hoseinzadeh, Edris and MirzaHedayat, Bahare and KarimpourRoshan, Sedigheh}, title = {Systematic Review on Evaluation of Health Impact Assessments in Iran: Evolution, Studies and Areas for Improvement}, abstract ={Background & Objective: Health impact assessment (HIA) is used for identification activities and policies that have significant effects on human health. In addition to large projects and plans, it could be contain different fields. The aim of present study was to do a systematic review on available performed HIAs in Iran to express position and pathway which HIA has been passed. Methods: This study is a systematic review which tried to collect all information from scientific databases. We used both English and Persian databases to find any document. Results: Total obtained items were 181 documents which related items with our topics were 95. The number of items in air pollution, occupational cases, petrochemical, noise pollution, urban subjects, health, principles of HIA, and other fields were 48, 7, 2, 2, 9, 3,14 and10, respectively. Conclusion: Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been required for large development projects by the fifth development plan, however, there is a need to HIA by another fields such as air pollution and urban subjects as they have effects on human health. Presenting such assessment before presentation national health standards requirement of Iran indicates this fact. Thus, we expect from politicians and decision makers to address these issues and apply HIA by other fields alongside assessment of national development projects and plans. By doing so, we can bridge the gap between knowledge and action which may result in health promotion in the society.}, Keywords = {Health Impact Assessment, Development Plans, Iran, Systematic Review}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {214-197}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.3.205}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-377-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-377-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {AbJar, Rana and Sadati, Leila and Shahbazi, Abolfazl and Kamali, Melahat and FaryabAsl, Mohamm}, title = {Evaluation of Contamination of the Theatre Shoes in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences Hospitals in 2014-2015}, abstract ={Background & Objective: Factors such as high work load, high number of staff, high traffic, and patients’ critical condition make this unit one of the regions with very high risk of infection. In order to prevent infection in the operating room, several actions are taken including washing and disinfection of floor, wearing the cleaned and disinfected shoes or cover of shoes. This study aimed to investigate the contamination of shoes in the operating rooms of the Alborz University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Methods: The present cross sectional study was done on 150 shoes of personal in the operating room of the Alborz University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Samples were prepared and cultured. Then result of cultures was interpreted by expert laboratory staff. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, χ2 using SPSS19 software.  Results: As of 150 samples, 11% were non-contaminated and 89% were contaminated. Before washing, 96.5% of the shoes were contaminated. After washing, however, the percent of the contaminated samples decreased to 61.7%. Conclusion: Due to the high contamination of the shoes, it seems that the type of washing or type of detergent used without disinfecting ability is significant and should be reconsidered and corrected.}, Keywords = {Theatre Shoes, Contamination, Cleaning, Disinfection, Infection}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {223-215}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.3.225}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-380-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-380-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Kamarehie, Bahram and Birjandi, Mehdi and Bazdar, Mohammad and RoshanCheraghi, Bahram and Bairanvand, Fatemeh}, title = {Study of Physical, Chemical and Microbial Quality of Swimming Pools in the Khorramabad in Year 2015}, abstract ={Background and Objective: swimming Pools have recreation and sports aspects and also are a method for the treatment, in the absence of public health monitoring and control of the water, these public places can be an appropriate location for frequency of water-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and biological quality of swimming pools in the khoramabad and compare their results with existing standards. Materials and methods: The study was cross – sectional. Water samples of swimming pools take in 60 stage, and temperature, pH, residual chloride, alkalinity, hardness, total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci and heterotrophic bacteria parameters measured. Results: The results showed that temperature, turbidity, chlorine residual, pH, alkalinity, hardness, total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci and heterotrophic bacteria respectively in 30%, 100%, 76.7%, 83.3%, 23.3%, 3.3%, 78.7%, 88.3%, 95%, 93.3%  of samples were desirable. Conclusion: Study results showed that the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water the Khorramabad swimming pools in 2016 have acceptable and standard conditions.}, Keywords = {Pool, Physic Chemical, Coliforms, Fecal Streptococci, Heterotrophic}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {232-224}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.3.234}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Movahhed, Soraya and RezaeiKalantari, Roshanak and Khezri, Mostafa and Azari, Ali}, title = {Determining and Analyzing Corrosion Potential of Groundwater in Ghorveh through Simulating Corrosion Indices}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Scaling and corrosion are factors that cause loss of drinking water quality. They create problems for public health, reduce water quality, and decrease useful life of plumbing equipment. Therefore, their control substantially influences public health and water quality. Consequently, the present research intended to study corrosion or scaling indices of groundwater resources in Ghorveh County in Kurdistan Province using the Monte Carlo statistical method in order to reduce uncertainty and increase accuracy in estimating the values of the indices. Materials and Methods: Sixty four samples from 16 wells supplying water for Ghorveh County were taken during a 12- month period in 2012-2013 in order to study the qualitative characteristics of water and identify the corrosion and scaling potential of the water in the region using the Langelier, Ryznar, Larson-Skold, and Puckorius indices. Results: The mean values for the Langelier, Ryznar, Puckorius, and Larson-Skold indices were 0.5449±0.015, 6.8878±0.017, 7.3754±0.0078, and 0.0919±0.0390, respectively. Moreover, the estimated probabilities for the occurrence of corrosion and scaling phenomena were 6.59% and 47.57% for the Langelier index, less than 11.77% and 54.33% for the Ryznar index, less than 17.47% and 36.33% for the Puckorius index, and 0.15% and 99.74% for the Larson-Skold index. Conclusions All of the studied indices yielded identical results for the water status: they indicated a relatively high scaling potential of the water in the region. Based on Pearson’s test, the most important factors influencing the values of the studied indices were pH and concentration of calcium ions.  }, Keywords = {Corrosion indices of Water, Monte Carlo Simulation, Groundwater, Ghorveh County}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {242-233}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.3.244}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-382-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-382-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Maryam and Mirzaei, Ruhollah and Kia, Syed Hossei}, title = {Determining the Spatial Trend of Water Quality Indices across Kan and Karaj River Basins}, abstract ={Background& Objective: Due to the importance of water consumptions, this study aims to investigate the spatial trend of surface water quality along Kan and Karaj Rivers using three quality indices: NSFWQI, IRWQIsc and WQI. Materials and Methods: The information of water quality parameters of 20 monitoring stations was collected to investigate water quality parameters along two mentioned rivers during 2012-2013, and water quality of two rivers were calculated using mentioned three quality indices. The parameters of TDS, FC, EC, nitrate and turbidity were used to measure the NSFWQI and IRWQIsc indices, and TDS, nitrate, and sulfate were used to calculate the WQI index. The measured parameters were compared with standards of drinking. The monitoring stations were grouped by cluster analysis and finally, the pattern of changes in water quality parameters and relevant quality indices were analyzed spatially using ArcGIS software. Results: The water quality of Kan and Karaj Rivers based on NSFWQI index were in the range of bad and average quality, respectively. According to IRWQISC index, water quality were in the range of very bad and relatively good, respectively and according to the WQI index water quality was in the range of good quality. The quality of upstream was acceptable for drinking and irrigation, on the basis of medium and good conditions of NSFWQI and IRWQISC, respectively. However, the downstream of both rivers are heavily polluted. The results of the clustering analysis stated that moving towards upstream-downstream the quality of water decreases along both rivers. Conclusion: The spatial trend analysis of water quality parameters along the rivers plays a crucial role for identifying the spatial variation of water quality. Also, availability of clean water depends on the geographical locations and topological situation across the basin.}, Keywords = {Water Quality, Cluster Analysis, Spatial Trend, GIS}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {256-243}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.3.253}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-383-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-383-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Delnavaz, Mohamm}, title = {Application of Mathematical Models for Determination of Microorganisms Growth Rate Kinetic Coefficients for Wastewater Treatment Plant Evaluation}, abstract ={Background& Objective: Determination of microorganisms growth kinetic constant is one of the most important parameters for evaluation of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants efficiency. Monod Equation and activated sludge models (ASM1) are one of the most important relationships for design of activated sludge biological process. Materials and Methods: Data obtained using a laboratory pilot in accordance with the amount of aeration, temperature and pH and the concentration of the feed inlet to the Ekbatan wastewater treatment plantin Tehran. Changes in microbial growth by measuring MLVSS and COD changes of input substrate in the range of 50-500 mg/L was investigated. Results: The results of the ASM1 model for kinetic coefficients of Ks were determined as 31.2 gCOD.m-3, µH as 3.9 day-1, bH as 0.077 day-1 and YH as 0.51 gCOD XH (gCOD SS)-1. The difference between ASM1 and Common equations in activated sludge processes was 7.6%, 9.2%, 9.4% and 6.9% for Ks, µH, bH and YH, respectively. Conclusion: Evaluation of Y, kd, k0 and Ks parameters in operation of Ekbatan wastewater treatment plant showed that ASM1 model could well determine the coefficients and therefore the conditions of biological treatment is appropriate.}, Keywords = {Monod Equation, Activated Sludge Model, Kinetic Coefficients, Biological Treatment.}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {268-257}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.3.266}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-384-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-384-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Kermani, Majid and Azarshab, Khaled and Dowlati, Mohsen and Mansour, Ghaderpoori}, title = {A Survey of Air Quality Index and Quantification of Cardiovascular Mortality due to Exposure to Particulate Matter Smaller than 2.5 Micron in Boukan in 2015}, abstract ={Background: The influx of dust to the North West of Iran during past decade has become a serious threat to the health and economy of the region and has created many human and financial damages. So, the aim of this study is to quantifying cardiovascular mortality resulted from exposure to Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micron in Bokan in 2015 using Air Q software. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out in Bokan. The measurement of PM2.5 Concentration was done using MP101M Device around the clock in 2015, which yielded data collected for 321 days. Meteorological data, including wind speed and direction, and relative humidity were obtained from office of Meteorology. The software, using data processed with Excel, calculated Relative Risk, baseline incidence and attributable proportion and showed the output in terms of mortality. Results: Based on the statistics of air pollution monitoring station, maximum hourly PM2.5 concentration was 400.52 micrograms per cubic meter and the number of total mortality attributed to exposure to PM2.5 in 2015 was 50 cases. Conclusion: The number of total mortality attributed to exposure to PM2.5 resulted from the influx of dust, necessitates immediate action to solve the dust problem, as well as dissemination of all facilities and information through public media in order to educate people about how to deal with this dangerous phenomenon.}, Keywords = {Dust, Bokan, Mortality, PM2.5, AirQ model}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {269-278}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.4.269}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-408-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-408-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Minabi, Azam and Atabi, Farideh and Moattar, Faramarz and Jafari, Mmohammad Jav}, title = {Simulation of Concentrations and Dispersion of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Due to Incinerators of Sulfur Recovery Units in a Gas Refinery in Asaluyeh}, abstract ={Background and Goal: Refineries are the main source of various pollutants, including Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S). Therefore distribution and control processing to meet the environmental standard limits is an important issue in industrial units.The present study was carried out to investigate H2S concentrations and dispersion patterns originating from incinerators of sulfur recovery units in a gas refinery located in Asaluyeh. Materials and Methods: In this study, H2S concentrations exhausted from two incinerators’ stacks and also ambient H2S concentrations at five monitoring stations in and around the refinery were measured in four seasons from summer 2014 to spring 2015. Moreover, the ambient concentrations and dispersion of H2S were simulated at average times of 1-hr and 8-hr on 50×50 km2 scale using  AERMOD model and the simulated results were compared with the measured ones. Meanwhile, the concentration contour plots and the sensitive regions were determined using GIS. Results: The simulation results indicated that maximum ambient H2S concentrations were in 1-h average. Assessment of model performance was performed by comparison of H2S simulated and measured concentrations using statistical analysis and showed that the correlation coefficients in summer 2014, autumn 2014, winter 2014 and spring 2015 were 0.77, 0.89, 0.75 and 0.8, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the variations of measured concentrations were consistent with those of simulated ones. Meanwhile, the contribution of neighbor industries was determined. Comparision of 8-h H2S concentrations with OSHA and NIOSH standard limits indicated that there was no significant health risk in this refinery.}, Keywords = {Gas Refinery, Dispersion Patterns, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Recovery Unit, AERMOD Model}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {279-288}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.4.279}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-409-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-409-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Bahareh and Delnavaz, Mohammad and Shakeri, Alirez}, title = {Treatment of Synthetic Wastewater Containing of Cd(II) Using Novel Magnetic EDTA/Chitosan/TiO2 Nanocomposite}, abstract ={Background: Cadmium, as a heavy metal, has received considerable attention due to its high toxicity, causing excessive damage to health and the biomagnification effects on ecology. In present study, a facile and economic approach has been described for preparing a novel magnetic EDTA/Chitosan/TiO2 (MECT) nanocomposite to remove a wide range of pollutants, especially Cd(ІІ) ions, from aqueous solution. Methods: In this method, not only EDTA has a cheap and environmentally friendly cross-linker function, embeds Fe3O4 nanoparticles in chitosan surface, but also participates in the chelating process of metal ions, caused by functional groups. The morphology, structure, and property of the MECT were characterized by FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques and the effect of different parameters including pH, contact time, and initial cadmium concentration were evaluated. Results: The results represented that MECT nanoparticles with an average diameter less than 40 nm had the best performance in adsorption of Cd(II) at optimum pH values of 5-6 and contact time of 120 min. Moreover, Langmuir adsorption isotherm is the best fit for the experimental data, in which maximum capacity of Cd(II) adsorption has been achieved 211.416 mg g-1. Finally, reusability of the nanocomposite was measured using Na2EDTA as an elution agent and regeneration efficiency of MECT was observed more than 90% in five successive sorption-desorption cycles. Conclusions: Thus, magnetic MECT nanocomposite as an environmentally friendly, economical, and recyclable adsorbent has a great potential to develop the industry of water and wastewater treatment.  }, Keywords = {Magnetic nanocomposite, Chitosan, EDTA, Cd(II) }, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {289-298}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.4.289}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-410-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-410-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {MolaeiTavani1, Sakineh and Nobari, Somayeh and Ghasemi, Rokhsareh and Mazloomi, Saj}, title = {Survey the Authorized and Unauthorized Food Colorings Consumption in the Food Supply of Nazarabad Township in 1395}, abstract ={Background: Nowadays food processing technology to extend life or improve the appearance, composition, texture, taste, color, smell, and nutrition value of the food is brought to the use of food additives. A significant increase in the use of synthetic colors and additives in addition to stimulate appetite and food palatability and improve its appearance and hide flaws food, it may lead to probable dangerous side effects in consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and frequency of unauthorized and synthetic dyes consumption in supplied food of city Nazarabad Township. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the measure of synthetic dye in dried sweets, raw barbecue chicken and barbecue chicken sauce of confectionaries, food shops, and restaurants of the Nazarabad Township was studied. A total of 25 random samples of the existing units based on the highest probability was taken and were transferred to the food laboratory. After extraction probable dye, the measure of the dye were quantified using chromatography. Then, the Food colorings were compared with the national standard. Results: According to the obtained results, 88% and 12% of the total samples were contained unauthorized synthetic and authorized synthetic dyes, respectively. The amount of 92.58% of the dried sweets samples, 81.18% of the raw barbecue chicken and barbecue chicken sauce samples were used unauthorized synthetic dyes, and 7.14% of dried sweets samples and 18.18% of the raw barbecue chicken and barbecue chicken sauce samples were used authorized synthetic dyes, respectively. Conclusion: the results show that the frequency use of synthetic dyes might be due to lack of health knowledge and safety of food vendors, low price and easy access of dyes.  }, Keywords = {Chromatography Method, Coloring Agents, Food Additives}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {299-306}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.4.299}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-411-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-411-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Hamzehzadeh, Asghar and Fazlzadeh, Mehdi and Rahmani, Kourosh}, title = {Efficiency of Nano/Persulfate Process (nZVI / PS) in Removing Metronidazole from Aqueous Solution}, abstract ={Background& Objective: Pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics, are newborn contaminants Due to its cumulative nature, adverse effects and drug resistance; it has created a major concern for environmental control. An example of these antibiotics is metronidazole (MNZ). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of removal of MNZ from aqueous solution using the nano/persulfate process (nZVI/PS). Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on a laboratory scale and in a batched system. The effects of factors such as pH of solution (3-11), reaction time (5-150 min), dose of nanoparticle (0.025-2 g/L), the concentration of persulfate (0.1-3.33 mmol), and the initial concentration of metronidazole (1-120 mg/L) were studied on the removal efficiency. Metronidazole was measured by HPLC device. Results: The results of this study showed that at the optimal pH 3, the highest removal efficiency of metronidazole was obtained. With a 30 minute contact time and 25 mg/L initial concentration of metronidazole, the removal efficiency was 90.3%. The optimal and economical dose of nZVI was also obtained at 0.5 g/L and persulfate was 1.85 mM. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the acceptable performance of nano/persulfate process in the removal of metronidazole. And an increase of 62.4%, confirms the good effect of zero valent-iron nanoparticles on persulfate activation.}, Keywords = {Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPS), Persulfate, Nano Zero-Valent Iron Particle, Metronidazole. }, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {307-320}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.4.307}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-413-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-413-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Jafarinia, Maghsoud and Noorisepehr, Mohammad and Akbari, Somayeh and Valaei, Negin and Najafi, Hosein and Kabir, Kourosh}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Area and Capacity of Swimming Pools on the Coliforms and Heterotrophic Contamination}, abstract ={Background& Objective: Swimming is great exercise and entertainment and enjoyment for people of all ages, especially in the hot season. Due to health issues and ways to ensure the health and welfare of people, swimming pools are very important. Therefore, in this study, relationship between the capacity and area of the pool with microbial contamination and heterotrophs were investigated. Materials and Methods: This study, based on applied research and analytical - descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional survey was conducted. In this project, we studied 35 swimming pools in the city of Karaj. For this purpose, samples were collected every month for 9 months, turbidity, pH, free residual chlorine was measured at the sampling time and testing for total coliform, E.coli coliform and counting of hetrotrophic organisms in the laboratory of water and wastewater was performed. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software and peyerson analytical. Results: Frome the 315 coliform samples about 90.2% was pure. Of the 315 tested HPCs, 99.7 percent was found in the clean range. The minimum HPC reported is zero, at most 250 with an average of 18/11 and a standard deviation of 266.68. Peyerson correlation test between heterotrophic bacteria with water turbidity and area to swimmer also has a significant relationship. In this study, there was no significant relationship between swimming pool pollution with pool area. Conclusion: According to the results, observance of the sanitary regulations of the pool and technical issues can be effective in reducing microbial and heterotrophs contamination}, Keywords = {Pool Capacity, Pool Area, Microbial Contamination}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {321-326}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.4.321}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-414-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Dehghanifard, Emad and Noroozi, Roghayeh and MirzaHedayat, Bahare}, title = {Synthesized Magnetic Activated Carbon for Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solutions}, abstract ={  Background & Objective: Discharge of phosphorous into surface water causes excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants followed by Eutrophication in lakes and rivers. Thus eliminating it from water supply is important. The aim of the present study is application of magnetic activated carbon to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions. Materials & Methods: Effects of operational parameters such as pH, initial concentration of phosphate, adsorbent dose and reaction time to remove phosphate was investigate in a batch reactor. Results: Adsorption efficiency increased significantly by increasing the initial concentration of phosphate, reaction time, adsorbent dose and pH to 7. On the other hand, the maximum removal of phosphate (98.7%) occurred at 5 mg/L of phosphate concentration, pH=7, adsorbent dosage of 0.8 g/L and contact time of 30 min. Conclusion: The high efficacy of the adsorption process in this study showed that magnetic activated carbon had good capability in the removal of phosphate and can be used as an appropriate and new method for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions}, Keywords = {Activated carbon, Magnetic. Phosphate, Adsorption}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {327-334}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.4.327}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-415-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-415-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rahmatinia, Masume and RezaeiKalantari, Roshanak and Farzadkia, Mehdi and Kermani, Maji}, title = {Degradation of Amoxicillin Using Modified Graphite Felt and Fe3 O4 Nanocatalyst As Electro-Fenton Process}, abstract ={Background: Amoxicillin is the most commonly used antibiotics that draws more attractions due to induce bacterial resistance. This compound can enter the aquatic environment through different routes including sewage and waste disposal of medical health centers, veterinary and industries. The aim of this study was removal of amoxicillin from aqueous environments by Electro-Fenton process using modified graphite felt and synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Methods: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co- precipitation method. Graphite felt also modified due to avoid aeration. The structural and physical characteristics of nanocatalyst and also modified graphite felt were analyzed by SEM, EDS and BET techniques. After optimization of pH and time variables, the parameters of applied current, amoxicillin concentration, catalyst load and the distance between electrodes were designed using Design Expert 7.0 software and optimized by the response surface method. Results: The graphite felt modification resulted in increase in surface area from 0.89 to 1.92 m2/g. The maximum removal of amoxicillin (97.11%) was obtained in optimal operational conditions (pH=3, time=60 min, applied current =180 mA, amoxicillin concentration=20 mg/L, catalyst load 1 g/L, the distance between electrodes =2 cm) Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that electro-Fenton process using Fe3O4 nanoparticles and modified Graphite felt without external aeration is an effective method for amoxicillin removal}, Keywords = {Amoxicillin, Electro-Fenton, modified graphite felt, Fe3O4 }, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {335-348}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.jehe.4.4.335}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-416-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} }