@article{ author = {Danesh, Nasim and Marjani, Azam and Ghorbani, Mohsen and Hosseini, Mortez}, title = {Preparation and Application of Graphene Oxide Modified with Lauric Acid to Copper Removal from Aqueous Solution: Modeling, Kinetics, Isotherm and Thermodynamics Adsorption}, abstract ={Background and objective: Increasing environmental pollution caused by the discharge of wastewater caused serious problems because of the effect on health, especially the brain and liver and biological accumulation of it. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of magnetic graphene oxide as a sorbent for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions in the laboratory. Methods: Physical characteristics and morphology of synthesized adsorbent wereanalyzed using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, EDX, VSM, BET and TEM techniques. In this study, the effects of impact, including the effect of time (30-180), temperature (20-60), concentration (60-500) and pH (1-5) for the removal of copper with design of experiments have been optimized. For this purpose, 30 experiment and response surface method using a central composite design software Design Expert 7.0.0 Trial was developed on five levels. Results: The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were absorbed. The results showed that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm data was fitted with both models. By utilizing the model Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity was 99 mg g-1. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order kinetic data were used to describe the pseudo-second order model was the result of fitted. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process of Cu2+ ions was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic and physical in nature. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the magnetic graphene oxide could be employed as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions due to fast kinetics, high adsorption capacity.}, Keywords = {Adsorption, Isotherm, Kinetics, Copper, Response surface methodology}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-22}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.1.1}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-443-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-443-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rezaeinia, Salimeh and Nasseri, Simin and Farzadkia, Mahdi and Esrafili, Ali and Gholami, Mitr}, title = {Quality Assessment of Water Produced by RO-based Household Water Treatment using the HACCP system}, abstract ={Background &Objective: the advantage of choosing Household water treatment over tap water for drinking is based on the human health assurance of health risks with these devices. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system (HACCP) is a framework that identifies and manages significant hazards at the source to point of use in the process of producing drinking water. This study can be aimed at introducing of HACCP systems as a model to identify the most important potential hazards and control these risks in the flow diagram of RO-based Household Water Treatment in Tehran. Methods: The possible hazards identified at each step of water production by household water treatment. According to the principle of Seven HACCP, Critical Control Point (CCP) is selected and determined critical limits, monitoring, and corrective action. Sampling water is taken from each critical control point. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were measured by standard methods. Results: Results of CCP Risk assessment have confirmed that the parameters of pH, nitrate, total organic carbon, and total coliform and fecal coliform were in the critical limits for defined CCPs. While, the total hardness, fluoride, and HPC were in the critical limit only at the CCP1. Conclusion: The results showed that the HACCP system can be used to reduce the risks, increase the safety of the output water of the household water treatment. To this end, regular monitoring must be carried out in the specified period by the appropriate operator.}, Keywords = {Household Water Treatment, HACCP system, drinking water, Tehran}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-34}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.1.23}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-444-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-444-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Leili, Mostafa and Salari, Mehdi and Nadali, Azam}, title = {Investigation of the Exhaust Gas Emissions from Light Vehicles in the Technical Examination Centers in 2016 (Case Study: Hamadan City)}, abstract ={Background: Expanding urbanization and increasing the number of vehicles have led to adverse effects on both the environment and human health. The propose of this study is to evaluate the concentration of CO2, CO, HC, O2, NOX in the exhaust outlet of vehicles tested in technical examination center, and to determine the relationships between their variation and lambda coefficient, type of fuel injection system as well as vehicle type. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 vehicles tested in technical examination centers in Hamadan city. To do this, the concentrations of CO2, CO, HC, O2, NOX gases emission were obtained, and then the relations between variation of these gases and lambda coefficient, type of fuel injection system and vehicle type were investigated. The statistical analysis that used in this study include one-way ANOVA and independent t-test (SPSS 16). Results: The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the concentration of emitted gases and the lambda coefficient, the vehicle type and the type of fuel injection system (p<0.05). The lambda coefficient equal to 1 was recognized as the best combustion condition because the availability of sufficient oxygen for the reactions lead to reduction of CO and HC emissions. The fuel injection system had a significant effect on reducing the emissions due to the suitable distribution of fuel and increasing combustion efficiency. Conclusion: In the current study, it was observed that personal vehicles due to lower depreciations than the taxis, and the injector systems due to better distribution of the fuel than the carburetor ones, have better conditions in term of pollutants emissions.  }, Keywords = {Human health, Exhaust emissions, Lambda coefficient, Hamadan}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.1.35}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-445-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-445-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Ferdos and Orooji, Naghmeh and Takdastan, Afshi}, title = {Efficiency Comparison of PolyDADMAC Coagulant with Ferric Chloride in the Treatment of Ahvaz Drinking Water}, abstract ={Background& Objective: PolyDADMAC is used in water and waste water treatment as a primary organic coagulant which can neutralize colloidal material with negative charge and reduces sludge volume compared with Mineral coagulants. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare of PolyDADMAC with ferric chloride as a coagulant on the removal of turbidity, Coliform and Organic matter from Ahvaz drinking water. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in a lab scale and using a jartest device in Ahwaz water treatment. In this research, the coagulation of raw water was studied using PolyDADMAC alone, and mixed coagulant of PolyDADMAC and ferric chloride at various dose and ferric chloride alone were compared. The study range was selected for turbidity (NTU3850, 80), pH (9-5) and different concentrations of coagulant material .Data analysis was performed using Excel, SPSS software and one way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: The optimal efficiency conditions of PolyDADMAC in turbidity 3850 NTU, pH=8, Flash Mix =120rpm and resulted in an optimum dose of 0.5 mg/L which the highest turbidity removal percentage was to be 99.84% in optimal dose of 0.5ppm of coagulant. The optimum doses of ferric chloride with PolyDADMAC were obtained at 15mg/L and 0/4mg/L, respectively. Under higher doses of PolyDADMAC, flocs showed stabilized in solution .In addition, PolyDADMAC also produced larger floc with higher settling velocity that need less time to settle. Conclusion: The results from the comparison of the effect of coagulants mentioned in the high turbidity removal (NTU 3850) indicate the good performance of PolyDADMAC as coagulant to ferric chloride Also, the results showed that the removal efficiency was affected by the initial turbidity so that the higher the initial turbidity,  would be the more efficient the turbidity removal.}, Keywords = {Poly DADMAC, Turbidity, Ferric chloride, Coagulation}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-56}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.1.43}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-447-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-447-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Nourmoradi, Heshmatollah and Karami, Neda and Karami, Soraya and Mazloomi, Saj}, title = {Investigation on the Effect of Household Water Treatment Plants on the Drinking Water Quality of Ilam City}, abstract ={Background and Aim: The presence of various impurities including suspended solids, chemical compounds, bacteria, viruses and other pathogens can reduce the water quality and it has been increased the use of household water treatment plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of household water treatment plants on the microbial and chemical characteristics of drinking water in Ilam city. Materials & Methods: In this cross - sectional study, 50 household water treatment plants were randomly selected in all the regions of the Ilam city. The parameters of turbidity, pH, free residual chlorine, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), heterotrophic bacteria count (HPC) and fecal and total coliforms were measured in the inlet and outlet water samples of the household water treatment plants. Findings: The results showed that the removal efficiencies of free residual chlorine, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and turbidity by the household water treatment plants were 100, 70.44, 70.31 and 61.05%, respectively. The removal efficiency for total coliform was 21.61%. The finding also showed that the household water treatment plants had negative effects on the removal of heterotrophic bacteria and fecal coliforms, so that the number of these organisms in the outlet water samples was higher than of inlet. Conclusion: The results indicated that the household water treatment plants had not acceptable efficiency on the removal of microbial contamination and in many cases even increased the microbial contamination. The water treatment plants also eliminate all the free residual chlorine contents in the water that can be result in the secondary microbial contamination of the treated water.}, Keywords = {Ilam, Drinking water, Water quality, Household water treatment plant}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-64}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.1.57}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-448-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-448-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Aghalari, Zahra and Jafarian, Somaye}, title = {Survey of Nitrite and Nitrate in Mineral Water Available in the City of Babol in 2015}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Nowadays, people for various reasons, including a lack of good quality drinking water, ease of access, relatively low cost and a positive attitude of bottled mineral water is used. Nitrate and nitrite levels in mineral water supplies are important indicators of water quality; Therefore, The aim of this study was to determine the amount of nitrite and nitrate in bottled mineral water available in the city of Babol. Materials and Methods: This cross –sectional  study was the second half of 2015 of 27 bottled mineral waters recognized brand available in the city of Babol, just random two samples of each brand were collected and sent to the laboratory and  were analyzed by Spectrophotometer DR2000. Results: The results showed that samples to be analyzed as nitrate the range of 1 to 29/7 and nitrite concentrations in range of 0/003 to 0/05 mg were reported. Brands S5 and S4 have the highest and lowest levels of nitrate and samples S5 and S15 was the highest and the lowest nitrite. Also significant differences was observed between test results with sample labels (p <0.05).               Conclusion: All brands were marked with the national standard and Due to lack of compatibility with labels of samples analyzed parameters is                  required Endorsing organizations, constant monitoring of the production process and product quality monitoring and factory manufacturers                       Required to comply with all standards, labeling and registration are complete and consistent with real water samples}, Keywords = {Mineral water, Nitrite, Nitrate, Babol. }, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-72}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.1.65}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-449-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-449-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Behdarvand, Narges and Godini, Elham and Godini, Hatam and ShamsKhoramabadi, Ghodratolah}, title = {Study of Effective Factors on E.coli Removal from Water Using Solar Radiation Disinfection}, abstract ={  Introduction: The removal of microbial pollutants is important for access of water quality standard. Therefore, drinking water disinfection for pathogens removal or inactivation conducted in water treatment installations. Today, due to environmental friendly, solar radiation disinfection considered. Objective of this study was effect of certain environmental factors such as turbidity, organic matter, container kind, and initial bacteria concentrations on E. coli removal from water solution using solar radiation disinfection. Material and Methods: In this study, the performance of E. coli removal were evaluated using different container (PET and Glass), turbidity (0, 10, 20 NTU), organic matter (0, 5, 10 mg/l), and initial E. coli concentrations (100, 200, 300 bacteria/ml) as experimental study. This study conducted at perfectly sunny days in July and August between 11 to 15 o’clock with maximum radiation intensity. Results: Results of this study show that both PET and Glass containers are capable to decrease of 300 E.coli per milliliter to zero at 60 min contact time. With increasing of organic matter, turbidity, and initial concentration of E. coli, bacterial removal rate from water solution decreased. Generally, solar radiation can be provide 100 % removal of E. coli in a water solution with 300 E. coli/l as initial concentration, 20 NTU of turbidity and 10 mg/l of organic matter with 60 min contact time.   Conclusion: The use of solar radiation technology is suitable for drinking water disinfection both at household level and at remote communities even for water with high turbidity and high organic matter concentrations.  }, Keywords = {Solar disinfection, E. coli, Water solutions, Water treatment. }, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {73-82}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.1.73}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-454-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-454-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {hosseinpanahi, Ayat and Kamani, Hossein and sancholi, Fateme and Havangi1, Moham}, title = {Efficiency Evalution Ultrasonic/Fenton Process in Removal of Antibiotic Penicillin G from Aquatic Solution by Response Surface Methodology}, abstract ={Background and Purpose: Extreme use of antibiotics and discharging them to the environment lead to serious consequences. Antibiotic Penicillin G a common antibiotic due to high production and are used in the treatment of infectious diseases  health officials give much attention .The aim of the present study was to Remove antibiotic Penicillin G in aquatic environments with the ultrasonic / Fenton by response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the effect of independent variables including solution pH, H2O2, Fe3+, reaction time and the initial concentration of the antibiotics Penicillin G on response performance (removal efficiency Penicillin G) with response to surface methodology based on Central Composite Design  (CCD). ANOVA was applied to analyze the responses. All experiments were performed in the presence US frequency 35(kHz).  Chemical Oxygen Demand was selected to follow the performance for Penicillin G antibiotics removal of the ultrasonic/ Fenton process. Results: Penicillin G removal in proposed model was statistically significant at 95% confidence level. The model had insignificant lack-of-fit at 95% confidence level (P=0.8040). Penicillin G removal efficiency was dependent on PH, H2O2, Fe3+ and reaction time. The removal efficiency of Penicillin G was 94.74% at optimum condition (3, 43mg/l, 0.007mg/l and 60 min). Conclusion: ultrasonic/ Fenton process applying current experimental conditions was found to be efficient in removal of the Penicillin G from aqueous solutions. Designing experiments by D-optimal method can optimize the removal of the process and prepare the best conditions for pollutant removal by reducing the number of experiments. }, Keywords = {Penicillin G antibiotic, Ultrasonic/Fenton process, Response Surface Methodology, Oxydation Advanced }, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {83-98}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.1.83}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-456-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-456-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ahmadzadeh, Saeid and Dolatabadi, Maryam}, title = {Modeling of Electro Fenton Process for Removal of Diazinon from Groundwater Using Response Surface Methodology}, abstract ={Background: Diazinon is one of the most important pesticides extremely used in agriculture. Since these compounds are resistant to biodegradation, the arrival of these compounds to water resources has become a serious environmental problem. Therefore, in the current work, the removal of diazinon from groundwater was investigated using advanced oxidation processes electro Fenton. Methods: the current work was conducted in lab scale. The effect of operating parameters such as initial concentration of diazinon (1-30 mg.L-1), pH solution(3-9), current density (1-10 mA.cm-2), reaction time (3-30 min), and dosage of H2O2 (20-100 µL.L-1) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters and suggested model was analyzed using ANOVA. Results: On the optimum condition including initial diazinon concentration of 6.88 mg.L-1, pH solution of 3, the reaction time of 10 min, the current density of 8.18 mA.cm-2, and dosage H2O2 of 83.78 µL.L-1 removal efficiency of diazinon was found to be 98.5 %. Electrical energy consumption (EEC) was found to be 0.524 kWh.m-3. Moreover, the concentration of diazinon in groundwater was found to be 0.934±0.053 µg.L-1. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, electro Fenton process was found to be an efficient technique for successful removal of diazinon and other resistant ungradable organic compound from water sources.  }, Keywords = {Diazinon, Electro Fenton, Removal, Response surface methodology, Groundwater.}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {99-112}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.2.99}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-471-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-471-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Sedigheh}, title = {Investigation the Kinetic Reaction Variation of the Methyl Orange Decomposition Using Decorated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with ZnO Nanoparticles, Influence of Nanoparticle}, abstract ={Background: As for the enhancement of the various industries such as loom industry, the reduction of the pollutants in the sewerage of these industries is focused by protection office of environment. Therefore, the main aim of this research is the elimination of the methyl orange from water using photocatalytic procedure and ZnO nanoparticles.  Methods: The kinetic of the photocatalytic oxidation reaction of methyl orange using ZnO nanoparticles and hybrids containing decorated Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) with ZnO nanoparticles is investigated. The influence of irradiation time (from 5 to 30 min) and the concentration of the photo catalysts (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 %wt) on the kinetic reaction of methyl orange decomposition is studied. Results: The kinetic reaction of methyl orange decomposition using ZnO nanoparticles and synthesized hybrids is pseudo first order. The reaction rate constant using ZnO nanoparticles is lower than that of studied hybrids. This means that the reaction rate of methyl orange decomposition using ZnO nanoparticles is low. Meanwhile, according to the results it can observe that the attachment of the ZnO nanoparticleson the outer surface of MWCNTs leads to the enhancement of the reaction rate. Also, the reaction rate of pollutants decomposition increases with respect to the attached ZnO nanoparticles on the outer surface of MWCNTs. Conclusion: Based on the observed results, the introducing and enhancement of the ZnO nanoparticles on the outer surface of MWCNTs leads to the augmentation of the methyl orange decomposition rate. Therefore, according to this technique the decomposition of the pollutants accelerates.    }, Keywords = {kinetic, photocatalyst, ZnO nanoparticles, hybrid, MWCNT }, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {113-122}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.2.113}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-472-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-472-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Shokoohi, Reza and Salari, Mehdi and Faraji, Hossein and arabkoohsar, Abolfazl and torkashvand, Roholl}, title = {Performance of UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process in Decolorization of Acid Green 3 from Aqueous Solutions}, abstract ={  Background: Due to their polycyclic and toxic structure, dyes have a high ability in causing adverse acute and chronic effects on human exposed to them. In present study, the decolorization of acid green3 from aqueous solution by UV/ H2O2 method was investigated Methods: This is an applied-experimental study. Parameters of pH in the amount of 3,7 and 11, contact time in 5,15, 30, 45 and 60 min, dose of H2O2 in 10, 30 and 50 mg/l and initial concentration of acid green3 in 50, 100 and 150 mg/l were examined to reveal the optimum amounts of these parameters. In order to emit the UV radiation, photo reactor with a 2-lit volume was applied, also to measure remaining concentration of dye, spectrophotometer device, model DR 5000 was employed. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) test based on 5220C method (standard method book) was used for determining amount of oxidation. Results: Results showed that contact time = 60 min, pH=7, acid green concentration=50 mg/l and dose of H2O2 =30 mg/l are optimum condition at which the removal amounts of dye and COD were obtained about 97 and 85%, respectively.  Conclusion: In the study, it is observed that parameters of contact time, pH, initial concentration of dye, and dose of H2O2 have a significant influence on the removal of the dye by UV/H2O2 process. Due to acceptable results of UV/H2O2 in the oxidation of the dye and the reduction of COD, this method can be introduced as reliable process to remove of acid green 3 from industrial wastewaters.}, Keywords = {Advanced oxidation, UV Radiation, Hydrogen peroxide, Acid green 3, Aqueous solution}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {123-132}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.2.123}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-473-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-473-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Samarghandi1, Mohammad Reza and Abdollah, Dargahi and Rahmani, Alireza and Asgari, Ghorban and Ahmadidoust, Ghob}, title = {Abstract The Efficiency of Photocatalytic Process ZnO Nanoparticles Embedded on the Synthetic Activated Carbon in Presence of CeO2 for the Removal of Cefazolin Antibiotic from Aqueous Solutions}, abstract ={Background: Antibiotics to treat an illness or as a growth promoter, to be consumed. A pharmaceutical composition in the form of original or metabolized in the aquatic environment, due to increased bacterial resistance is a concern. Various methods have been used to remove it. The advanced oxidation process due to the ease of use, economical and high performance have attracted a lot of attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cerium dioxide on process efficiency combined UV/AC+ZnO as an advanced oxidation process is the removal of cefazolin in the aquatic environment. Methods: This experimental study was done in batch reactor that has a one Liter volume. In this study effect of parameters such as initial pH (3-9), initial concentration of Cefazolin (20-200 mg/L), Modified photocatalyst concentration (20-100 mg/L), reaction time (10-60 min) and CeO2 dose (20-200 mg/L) was investigated. In this study use of low-pressure mercury lamp with a power of 55 watts in stainless case. The kinetic of process according to zero order, first order and second order kinetic was evaluated. Results: The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of antibiotics cefazolin in the process at the pH = 3, concentration 0.1 mg/L of Modified photocatalyst, Retention time of 60 min and Cefazolin concentrations of 100 mg/L was 96%. When you change any of the parameters of about optimization, process efficiency was renamed. The results also showed that by increasing the concentration of CeO2, the antibiotic removal efficiency decreased, so that by increasing the concentration of CeO2 from 20 to 200 mg/L, the antibiotic removal efficiency of cefazolin decreased from 91 to 76%. Conclusion: This process has shown high efficiency in removal cefazolin and the ability of this process to reduce the burden on hospital sewage and pollution-producing industries before entering the units and final discharge effluent also contains conventional treatment or used for cefazolin. This process, because of the lack of production waste such as sludge, a process persistent organic pollutants and significant in the treatment process is environmentally friendly.  }, Keywords = {Photocatalytic Degradation, Antibiotic, CeO2, Activated Carbon, Zinc Oxide, Aqueous Solutions. }, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {133-146}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.2.133}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-474-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-474-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Baghaie, Amir Hossei}, title = {Investigation of Cd Risk Assessment from Tomato Consumption in A Soil Treated with Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar and Municipal Waste Vermi-Compost}, abstract ={  Background and objective: Regards to the importance of using safe vegetables, controlling the concentrations of heavy metals is necessary for consumer's health. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of sugarcane bagasse biochar and municipal waste vermi-compost on the changes in cadmium risk assessment from tomato consumption. Methods: Treatments were consisting of applying municipal waste vermi- compost (0, 5and 10 t ha-1) enriched with 0 and 5% (W/W) sugarcane bagasse biochar in a polluted soil (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg Cd kg-1 soil) and plant in this experiment was Tomato. Cd fruit concentration was measured by AAS. Risk assessment to non-cancer diseases was estimated using USEPA formula. Results: Applying 10 t ha-1 municipal waste vermi-compost in a 30 mg Cd polluted soil caused a significant decreasing in Cd fruit tomato by 25%, While, daily Cd absorption from tomato consumption and Cd dangerous Potential to noncancerous diseases was also decreased by 27 and 22 %, respectively Conclusions: The results of this study showed that applying Lenjan municipal waste vermi-compost and sugarcane bagasse biochar caused decreasing Cd availability in soil and Cd absorption from tomato consumption that is a positive point in reduction Cd dangerous Potential to noncancerous diseases.}, Keywords = {Cd, Tomato, Risk assessment, Municipal waste vermi-compost}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {147-156}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.2.147}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-475-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-475-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mortazavi, Samar and HatamiManesh, Masou}, title = {Determination of Heavy Metals Pollution Load Index in Sediments and Aquatic Plant (Nasturtium microphyllum) in Bashar River, Yasuj}, abstract ={Background: Pollution of aquatic ecosystems to heavy metals is one of the most important threats of human health and its food chain. Thus, in this study the concentration of heavy metals (lead, chromium, copper, and zinc) in Surface sediments and Nasturtium microphyllum was investigated in order to assessment their effects and ecological risk. Methods: In order to assess the concentration of metals, 8 stations along the river were selected and in each station two samples of sediment and plant were taken. After preparinng and digesting the samples, the concentrations of these metals were determined using Atomic absorbtion. Results: The average of total concentration of detected metals Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn in sediment (10.33 ± 0. 02 > 13.35±1.10 > 33.07 ±6.13 > 44.02± 4.13) mg/kg respectively. In addition, evaluation indicators such as; Pollution Load Index (PLI) and ecological risk represents less pollution in the region. Also, the environmental risk of metals in the region was evaluated as (Cu> Pb> Zn> Cr). The results of concentration of metals in different organs of root, stem and leaf of Nasturtium microphyllum showed that the highest average accumulated concentration for each metal was obtained in stem, root and leaf, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the pollution and ecological risk of metals in the region is low evaluated. The results of this study confirm the use of Nasturtium microphyllum as a heavy metals accumulation species and a suitable indicator for their biomonitoring.}, Keywords = {Heavy Metals, Ecological Risk Assessment, Sediment Quality Index, Nasturtium microphyllum, Bashar River }, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {157-172}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.2.157}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-476-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-476-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Adhami, Shahin and Fazlzadeh, Mahdi and Hazrati, Sadegh}, title = {Photocatalytic Removal of Cephalexin by UV/ZnO Process from Aqueous Solutions}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: Conventional wastewater treatment plants are not able to remove effective drugs, such as antibiotics, so eliminating remaining antibiotics from the environment is important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of UV / ZnO photocatalytic process in removing antibiotic cephalexin from aqueous solutions. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental-applied study that was performed on a batch scale in a laboratory scale. The variables studied in this study included the initial pH of the solution (11, 9, 7, 5, 3), the dose of nanoparticles (1, 75/0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, 0.05 grams per liter), Reaction time (60-50-40-30-20-15-55 minutes) and initial concentration of pollutant (100, 50, 25, 10 mg / l) were investigated. Measurement of cephalexin in samples was performed using HPLC apparatus. Results: The results showed that by decreasing pH and reducing the initial concentration of cephalexin and increasing contact time, process efficiency increased. But with increasing nanoparticle dosages up to 0.1 grams per liter, the process efficiency increases and more than this amount is reduced. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of UV / ZnO photocatalytic process in removing humic acid from aqueous solutions can be used as an effective method for cephalexin from aqueous solutions.}, Keywords = {Cephalexin, Photocatalytic, Zinc oxide, Ultraviolet ray }, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {173-183}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.2.173}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-477-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-477-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Vahidi, Hossein and Rahmani, Salm}, title = {Amoxicillin Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using US / H2O2 / NZVI process}, abstract ={Background and Aim: High concentrations of antibiotics are now detected in aquatic environments, reducing their quality. These compounds generally have a high toxicity and low biodegradability, and some are reported to have mutagenic and/or carcinogenic characteristics. Conventional treatment systems have proven inadequate to effectively remove this type of organic compound, largely due to its complex molecular structure. Therefore, it is necessary to remove an effective method for the removal of these compounds is suggested. The purpose of this study was to apply zero-valent iron nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and the process of sonolysis in the removal of antibiotic amoxicillin from aquatic environments. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out on a laboratory scale on a synthetic wastewater containing amoxicillin antibiotic that the effects of some parameters, such as ultrasound (35 and 130 kHz), contact time (30–150 min), concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.5–3 %), concentrations of nZVI (0.06–0.2 g/L), pH (3–10), and concentration of AMX (45–100 mg/L) were investigated. Results: Optimum removal conditions were pH = 3, H2O2 concentration= 1%, ultrasonic frequency= 130 kHz and nZVI concentration= 0.2 g/L. so that 97.3% of amoxicillin antibiotic after 150 min of reaction at pH=3, nZVI= 0.1 g/L, ultrasonic frequency= 130 kH, H2O2 =1% and 45 mg/L concentration of AMX was removed. Conclusion: The experiments showed the efficient removal of amoxicillin antibiotic in wastewater by Fenton’s oxidation process. The efficiency of this method can also be considered in eliminating other antibiotics resistant to biological treatment.}, Keywords = {Amoxicillin antibiotic, Pharmaceutical compounds, Fenton-like process, Ultrasonic waves (US)}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {184-196}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.2.184}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-478-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-478-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Nadian, Marzieh and Mirzaei, Rouhollah and SoltaniMohammadi, Saee}, title = {Application of Moran\'sI Autocorrelation in Spatial-Temporal Analysis of PM2.5 Pollutant (A case Study: Tehran City)}, abstract ={  Background and Objectives: PM2.5 particulate matter is one of the major air pollutants in cities of Iran especially Tehran, which threaten health of Iranian people due to numerous health hazards. Risk levels of these particulate depend on spatial-temporal changes in the air. Hence, this study aimed spatial-temporal analysis of PM2.5 concentration in Tehran's air using the Geographic Information System. Material and methods: Hourly data of PM2.5 concentration was collected in 2016-2017 from 38 air pollution monitoring stations and was analyzed monthly, seasonally and annually. Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation method was used in order to present concentration maps of the PM2.5. Existence of spatial autocorrelation in data was analyzed by Moran's I and data clustering was accomplished by Global and Local Moran's I and finally Getis-Ord-Gi index was used to determine hot spots of this pollutant in Tehran. Results: Results of concentration maps of PM2.5 and global and local spatial autocorrelation with PM2.5 concentration hot spot analysis showed that the concentration of this pollutant has an incremental mode from the north to the south of Tehran so that areas in south of Tehran especially Ray stations were the most polluted areas in Tehran. In addition, results showed that the concentration of this pollutant was more in the two colder seasons so that most hot spots were identified in these seasons. Conclusion: Using several spatial analyses simultaneously showed that Tehran can be separated into two parts of non-polluted north and polluted south, which this issue should be considered by urban planners to improve Tehran's air quality.}, Keywords = {PM2.5 pollutant, Global Moran's I, Local Moran's I, Hotspots}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {197-213}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.3.197}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-501-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-501-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Solgi, Eisa and Khodadadi, Tarokh and Esteresh, Asghar}, title = {Survey the Status of the Hydrogeochemical Drinking Water Darrehshahrcity and Determination its Quality for Different Uses}, abstract ={Background& Objective: Today, it is very important to pay attention to the quality of groundwater and its trends for various uses of drinking, agriculture and public health. Water is essential adequate and desirable for these uses. The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical parameters of water in Darrehshahrcity and comparison with national and international standards and analysis using the relevant software for Different Consumption. Materials & Methods: To do this study 21 numbers of water samples were collected from 7 different stations in Darrehshahrcity and all parameters were analyzed according to the standard method of 2005 by device and titermeter. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, charts Piper, Schoeller, Wilcox and statistical tests were used. Results: The mean value of turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and total hardness, were 1.4NTU, 438μ mhos/cm, 277mg/l and 144mg CaCO3/L  respectively and also the mean value of nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron and manganese were 4.7 mg/l, zero, 31mg/l, 4.4mg/l, 0.3mg/l, 62.7mg/l, 12.76mg/l, 4.4mg/l, 0.03mg/l and 0.003 mg/l respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that all the investigated physico-chemical parameters were within the limit of   water standard of Iran (1053), drinking water standards of World Health Organization and other International Standards. Schuler diagram indicate that Darehshahr water is in a good range for drinking and Wilcox diagram show that Darehshahr water is slightly salty waters (C2S1) and almost appropriate for agricultural purposes.}, Keywords = {Water quality, Darrehshahr, Physico-chemical parameters of water, Groundwater}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {214-232}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.3.214}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-502-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-502-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Saedpanah, Mahin and Ghorbani, Farshid and Amanoallahi, Jamil}, title = {Source Determination, Contamination Level and Predicting of Some Inorganic Contaminants Concentration in the Top Soils of Sanandaj City}, abstract ={  Background & objective: Mineral contaminations are the most important environmental problems in the urban area. The objectives of the present study was determination of concentration, spatial distribution and source determination of Iron, Zinc, Calcium, Copper, Manganese, and Nickel by Artificial Neural Network in Sanandaj city. Materials & Methods: The study area were divided into the five classes and the total number of 105 surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected. Contamination factor and Nemerow index were developed for estimation of metal concentration. In addition, the correlation and principle component analysis were conducted to find the origin of the considered elements in the soil samples. Moreover, IDW interpolation technique was applied for mapping the spatial distribution of the elements and ANN (multilayer perceptron) was applied to estimate the concentration.    Results: Copper concentration in industrial area was very high and in the other hand, green and industrial area had the lowest and highest Nemerow index, respectively. Calcium concentration especially was affected by residential and high traffic areas. On the other hand, industrial and high traffic areas have the greatest impact on the Zinc and Copper concentration and Nickel, Iron and Manganese contamination was under combination effects of natural and anthropogenic factors. Correlation coefficients derived by ANN were 0.821, 0.661, 0.711, 0.767, 0.712, and 0.701 for Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Manganese, Iron, and Calcium, respectively. Conclusion: The concentration of Zinc, Calcium and Copper are mostly affected by human activities and Nickel, Iron, Manganese concentration are controlled by both anthropogenic and natural sources. According to the results, three-layer neural network is recommended for estimating metal concentration in the soil samples.}, Keywords = {Metal contamination, Multivariate analysis, Top soil, Artificial neural network, Contamination sources }, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {233-250}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.3.233}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-503-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-503-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Zarei, Ehsan and Hatami, Hossein and Fekri, Rana and Torkamannejad, Sharif and Arshi, Shahnam and Refaeian, Mohamm}, title = {Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Health Science Students About the Outbreak of Water and Foodborne Diseases: A Survey in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of health science students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences about the outbreak of water and foodborne diseases in 2017. Methods: In this descriptive and analytic study, 335 students from school of Health and school of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) were randomly assigned to the study. Data collecting tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 61 questions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. Results: The mean and standard deviation of knowledge, attitude and practice of students were (66.15 ± 61.15), (66.63 ± 14.68) ± 66.33 and (±21.55) ±65.96, respectively. Only 13.7, 6.6 and 24.5% of students had a good knowledge, attitude and good performance regarding the subject. Mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice among students of the School of Health was more than the students of HSE. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (p <0.001) and also attitude and practice (p<0.001). There is a significant relationship between the level of education, faculty, place of study, marital status, field of study and age with knowledge, attitude and practice (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the average level of knowledge, attitude and practice of students, it seems necessary to plan for an effective intervention in order to improve the level of education of students who are studying in the field of health and will be the trustee of public health as people who guide other sectors of society.}, Keywords = {Student's knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Foodborne disease, Outbreak}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {251-263}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.3.251}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-504-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-504-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Parastar, Saeed and Ebrahimi, Afshin and HamedMohammadi, Hamed and Mengelizadeh, Nezameddin and Parseh, Iman and Rafiei, Nasim and Bagheri, Reyhaneh and Hashemi, Maji}, title = {Removal of BPA from Aqueous Solutions by Electrocoagulation Using iron Electrodes and Optimization}, abstract ={  Background and Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the toxic environmental pollutants that can be entered into aquatic ecosystems by raw wastewaters. In the current study, electrocoagulation used in the treatment of water and wastewater in a wide range was investigated for the removal of BPA. Materials and Methods: All the experiments were conducted in a batch system. The effect of operating parameters such as pH, BPA concentration, electrolyte concentration, distance between electrodes, current intensity, and reaction time were evaluated. Experiments were carried out at laboratory temperature (25 °C), potential difference 30 V. Results: According to the results, the optimal condition were follows: BPA concentration 10 mg/L, current intensity 1500 mA, pH=7, and distance between electrodes 0.5 cm. The removal efficiency was ranged 60 to 90 percent. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the electrocoagulation process using iron electrodes in the optimal condition can acceptably remove BPA from aqueous solutions.  }, Keywords = {Electrocoagulation, BPA, Iron electrodes, Aqueous solutions }, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {264-276}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.3.264}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-505-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-505-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Modabber, Bahareh and Alighadri, Morteza and Rahmani, Kourosh}, title = {Assessment of Groundwater Quality Around of Municipal Solid Waste Transfer Station in Ardabil}, abstract ={Background & Objectives: Groundwater is exposed to environmental pollution. The leachate produced by wastes in transfer station or municipal solid waste landfill is one of the sources of pollution. In this view, present study was carried out to evaluate the groundwater quality around of municipal solid waste transfer station in Ardabil at 2017. Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study, 6 wells (one control well in the upstream and 5 wells in the downstream) around the ardabil municipal solid waste transfer station were selected according to the existing criteria, and the quality parameters of the samples (Turbidity, pH, EC, TDS, BOD5, COD, Nitrate, Heavy Metals, Coliform and Fecal Coliform and ...) were analyzed according to the standard methods. Also, particle-size analysis of soil was carried out in sampling area and data analysis was performed using Excel software and compared with existing standards, guidelines and standards. Results: In all samples, except for lead (0.07-1 mg/l), Coliform (0-28 MPN/100ml) and Fecal Coliform(0-4 MPN/100ml), other parameters were lower than recommended limit by the criteria and available standards. Also, the amount of sulfate (593.6 mg/l) in well 4 and total Hardness (530 mg/l) in well 3 were higher than the standards recommended for drinking and agricultural purposes. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the Municipal Solid Waste Transfer Station in Ardabil had no significant effect on the groundwater quality in the surrounding area.  }, Keywords = {Groundwater, Leachate, Municipal Solid Waste Transfer Station, Ardabil}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {277-285}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.3.277}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-506-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-506-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GhanbariAzadPashaki1, Saeed and Khojastehpour, Mehdi and Ebrahimi-Nik, Mohammadali and Rohani, Abbas}, title = {Study on Municipal Waste Leachate Treatment in Two-stage Anaerobic Bioreactor as Continuous Flow}, abstract ={Background and Objective: In recent years, the management and disposal of municipal waste has become a global problem and the most important environmental concern. Landfill generates a large amount of leachate. Biologically process is considered a potential and cost-effective solution for the treatment of municipal landfill leachate. The aim of research was the biological treatment of landfill leachate using a two-stage anaerobic bioreactor in pilot scale. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed in two anaerobic completely stirred tank reactors (CSTR) with effective volumes of 10 and 30 L at a constant flow rate of 2 L/day and hydraulic retention times of 5 and 15 days under mesophilic conditions. After the start-up period, loading rate was increased from 0.07 to 2.65 kgCOD/m3.day. The effluent of the first anaerobic reactor was used as the influent of the second reactor. Physical and chemical analysis were performed based on standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, USA. Results: The results of experiments showed that the most suitable loading is 2.05 kgCOD/m3.day, which COD removal efficiency of reactors one, two and the system (total two steps CSTR) were 80, 65.1 and 93 %. In the whole system, BOD removal efficiency was obtained 92%. However, the NH4-N and alkalinity in the two anaerobic reactors were increased to 39 and 14.9%. The maximum methane percentage of the first and second reactors were 76 and 80%. Conclusion: Two-stage anaerobic process can be used as the effective process to improve degradability and remove the organic pollutants.  }, Keywords = {Biogas, Biological method, Leachate treatment, Two-stage digestion}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {286-298}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.3.286}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-507-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-507-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {BaratiRashvanlou, Reza and Farzadkia, Mehdi and Marousi, Mohamm}, title = {Selection of Suitable Guidelines for the Application of Sewage Sludge in Agricultural Using Hierarchical Analysis System (AHP)}, abstract ={Background:Sewage sludge management is one of the most challenging parts of sewage treatment in terms of economic, design and environmental issues. One of the common ways of disposing of sludge is its use in agricultural land. Due to the presence of various contaminants in sludge Sewage, its safe and effective use in agricultural land requires the development of a special Guidance. Methods: This study was carried out to survey the guidelines of different countries regarding the application of sewage sludge on the ground and prioritize them according to the native conditions of Iran using multivariate analysis and expert opinion and using the AHP method. Resultss: The United States, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, the European :union:, Russia, Turkey, and South Africa have the highest rating by applying the scores of indexes and taking into account the weight of the criteria in accordance with the standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency, respectively. Conclusion: The analysis of the results of this study showed that among the various guidelines examined, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the most executive capacity in terms of executive capacity, comprehensiveness, transparency and precision.}, Keywords = { Sludge, Wastewater, Standard, Land application, AHP}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {299-308}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.3.299}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-508-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-508-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Harati, Motahareh and RezaeiKalantary, Roshanak}, title = {Evaluation of Efficiency of Persulfate Activated with Ultrasonic Waves in Phenanthrene Degradation from Soil Environments by Central Composite Design Method}, abstract ={Background and Purpose: PAHs and their derivatives have a complex and stable molecular structure with low biodegradability and have from the compounds in the crude oil. The object of this study was to evaluation of efficiency of persulfate activated with ultrasonic waves in Phenanthrene degradation from Soil environments by central composite design. Methods: The soil samples were homogenized and filtered using a 2.0 mm sieve. Then, Phenanthrene solution (PHE) was added into soil sample. In order to carry out the chemical oxidation process, Probe Ultrasonic Wave Generator place out inside the reaction chamber Contains Persulfate/soil slurry environment. A central composite design (CCD) was used for designing and optimizing the operation parameters such as sodium Persulfate concentration, Ultrasound intensity and contact time. The synergy of processes in the system was also studied in optimal conditions. Results: ANOVA results indicated that the effect of persulfate concentration, ultrasound intensity and contact time and binary interactions were significant. The Persulfate concentration, has the most significant effect on the phenanthrene degradation. The highest efficacy of the phenanthrene degradation (%58.05) was obtained in the conditions: initial concentration of persulfate =0.2 mol, ultrasonic waves with power = %70, and contact time = 120 min. By applying S2O8-2 in a separate approach after 120 min the efficiency was 9.2% while at these conditions, the efficiency of the ultrasonic process was only 3.4%. By contrast, the combined PS/US process could remove %58.05 of phenanthrene. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that, the application of the PS/US process is an effective method for purification of Phenanthrene contaminated soils.}, Keywords = {Phenanthrene, S2O82-, ultrasonic waves, soil}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {309-322}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.4.309}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {YeganeBadi, Mojtaba and Dehghanifard, Em}, title = {Study of the Efficiency of Non-Homogeneous Catalytic Ozonation Process using a Catalyst of Magnetic Nanoparticles of Iron Oxide Doped with Silica and Titanium Dioxide in Removal of Metronidazole from Synthetic Wastewater}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Antibiotics are widely used in veterinary and medicine in the last few decades which presence of these compounds has made potential risks for aquatic and terrestrial organisms in the environment. Metronidazole is one of these antibiotics. The purpose of this study was investigation of the efficiency of metronidazole removal from aqueous solutions using a catalytic ozonation process with magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide doped with silica and titanium dioxide. Materials and Methods: The sol gel method was used to synthesize Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles and its properties were investigated by SEM, XRD and EDX analyzes. The effect of parameters such as pH, catalyst dose, reaction time, contaminant concentration, determining the mineralization and scavenger effect were investigated on the process performance. Changes in metronidazole concentration were determined by HPLC. Results: According to the results of this study, pH =10 and catalyst dose of 3 g /l were obtained as optimum conditions and the removal efficiency increased with increasing of contact time and decreasing in the concentration of metronidazole. Results showed that the removal of metronidazole followed first degree model by this process. Rate of TOC was 86% under optimal operating conditions. Conclusion: Catalytic ozonation process with magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide doped with silica and titanium dioxide can significantly remove metronidazole and it is an appropriate method for removal of metronidazole.}, Keywords = {Metronidazole, Catalytic ozonation, Magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide doped with silica and titanium dioxide}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {323-336}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.4.323}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghaderi, Azam and Abbasi, Sedigheh and Farahbod, Farsh}, title = {Synthesis of ZnO-SnO2-Ag Nanocomposite and Investigation of the Photocatalytic Decomposition of Methyl Orange Using Synthesized Nanocomposite}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: The presence of dye organic pollutants such as methyl orange is an imperative threat for environment. Therefore, the main aim of this study is synthesize of the ZnO-SnO2-Ag nanocomposite and elimination of methyl orange from water using advanced oxidation process and synthesized photocatalytic nanocomposite. Material and Methods: The nanocomposite containing ZnO, SnO2 and Ag nanoparticles is synthesized for photocatalytic application. The synthesized nanocomposite is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of irradiation time ranging from 5 min to 15 min and weight fraction of nanocomposite ranging from 0.125 %wt to 0.5 %wt is investigated on the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange. Results: The results of the XRD pattern reveal that the Ag nanoparticles with cubic structure decorate on the surface of ZnO-SnO2. The results of the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposite show that the removal efficiency of the pollutant increases with UV irradiation time and weight fraction. The results of the Duncan’s multiple range test confirm that there is a significant difference among different level of the UV irradiation time and weight fraction of nanocomposite. Conclusion: Base on the experimental results, it is clear that the effect of UV irradiation time is more significant rather than weight fraction.  }, Keywords = {nanocomposite, ZnO-SnO2-Ag, photocatalytic activities, methyl orange, removal efficiency}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {337-344}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.4.337}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Davarpanah, Leila and Taherian, Soma and Abdollahzadehsharghi, Elham}, title = {Tanning Wastewater Pre-Treatment Using Electrocoagulation Process}, abstract ={Background: The leather industry is one of the most polluting industries in the country (Iran), which annually produces several hundred tons of industrial sewage. Electrocoagulation is one of the purification methods for this wastewater. This research aimed to remove COD and turbidity from real wastewater originating from one of the leather tanning units in Charmshahr industrial park with use of electrocoagulation process. Method: The research was conducted in laboratory scale in a 480-millimeter EC reactor. The wastewater was collected from a leather tanning unit. The main variables considered were current intensity (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 A), retention time (5, 10, 15 and 30min), initial pH (5, 6 and 8.6) and electrode material (i.e., iron, aluminum, and steel). Results: The optimum conditions in the electrocoagulation process to achieve the maximum removal efficiency for COD equal to 63.57% were obtained in an experiment with time of 5 minutes, the current density of 23.5% mA/cm2, pH=8.62 and 2 steel electrodes. Also, in an experiment with time of 30 minutes, the current density of 23.5 mA/cm2, pH=8.62 and 4 electrodes, the removal rate of 62.88% was obtained. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the electrocoagulation can be an effective method for tannery wastewater pre-treatment and the optimum conditions can be obtained using aluminum electrodes, time of 5 minutes, the current density of 7 mA/cm2 and pH of 8.62.  }, Keywords = {Electrocoagulation, Tannery wastewater, COD, Iron, aluminum and steel electrodes, Turbidity }, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {345-358}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.4.345}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Haghshenas, Arash and Hatami-manesh, Masoud and Sadeghi, Mehraban and Mirzaei, Mohsen and MohammadiBardkashki, Behz}, title = {Determination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) in Surface Sediments of Coastal Regions of Bushehr Province}, abstract ={Background: Persian Gulf is one of the most important ecosystems in the world that in recent decades has been exposed to various environmental pollutants such as heavy metals from human and natural activities. Therefore, the aim of this study investigates the concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper and zinc) and ecological risk assessment of them in coastal sediments in of Bushehr province in Persian Gulf. Methods: In order to assess the concentration of metals, 54 stations along the coastal zones were selected and in each station three samples of sediment and plant were taken. After preparation and digestion of the samples, the concentrations of these metals were determined by using polarography. Results: The average of total concentration of detected metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in sediment 52.40 ± 2. 62, 34.99±2.76, 11.53 ±2.01 and 2.41± 0.89 μg/g, respectively. Also, the results of comparison of heavy metals concentration in coastal areas in Bushehr Province (Jam, Deir, Bushehr, Dashti, Genaveh and Deilam) with ANOVA test showed there was a significant difference between the concentrations of sediments in different coastal areas. The results showed that the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and ecological risk represents less to moderately pollution in the region. Also, the environmental risk of metals in the region was evaluated as (Cd>Cu> Pb> Zn). Conclusion: According to the results, the pollution and ecological risk of metals in the region for Zn, Cu and Pb is low but for Cd is moderateevaluated}, Keywords = {Heavy Metals, Ecological Risk Assessment, Sediments, Coastal zones of Bushehr province, Sediment Quality Index}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {359-374}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.4.359}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jamshidi, Shervin and SadatKariman, Ashraf and Meshkati, Mohammad Hadi and Mehrabi, Zeinab}, title = {Evaluation of River Water Quality and Indices for Fish Farm Development (Case study: Kabkian River)}, abstract ={Background: Fish farming requires proper water quality to increase productivity and reduce health risk exposures while they are emission sources in rivers themselves. The purpose of this research is to evaluate river water quality regarding physicochemical parameters coupling with water quality index (WQI) to study the viability of fish farming expansion. Methods: This study is carried out both as field survey and laboratory analysis. Samples were taken bimonthly in 6 periods (2016-2017) from 21 stations from Kabkian River, Iran, including the water body and discharge points. Afterwards, results were statistically analyzed by T-Test regarding the spatial and temporal specifications with SPSS. Results: Experimental results show that dissolved oxygen is over 7 mg/L and WQI is 70 which is classified as good. However, temporal variations of BOD, COD and nitrite concentrations are significant and their average are rather high about 10, 16 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. Since, BOD is the only parameter with significant spatial variations, it is introduced as the main parameter for river water quality monitoring. Conclusion: Overally, Kabkian water quality is suitable for fish farming. However, due to the possibility of presence of malachite green, it is highly recommended that strict monitoring should be implemented upstream to control fish farm discharges and reduce health risk exposures.   }, Keywords = {Fish farming, kabkian, malachite green, river, statistical analysis, Water Quality Index (WQI).}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {375-388}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.4.375}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-546-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-546-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rezaee, Ehsan and HadiAbolhasani, Mohamm}, title = {Evaluation of Landfill Gas Generation for Exploitation Energy (Case Study: Landfill No. 2 of Shahinshahr)}, abstract ={Background and objective: The paper aims to estimate the environmental gases of Landfill No. 2 in Shahin Shahr (total landfill gas, methane gas and carbon dioxide gas), comparison of gas emissions over a period of 30 years, and the availability of landfill for energy extraction. Methods: The field of research is Landfill No. 2 at Shahin Shahr Recycling Plant (Isfahan) located in Ja’farabad Mountains, whose capacity was completed in 1391 and landfill gas assessment was carried out. The total amount of produced gases, methane and carbon dioxide has been calculated using the first-order degradation model over a period of 30 years. Results: The amount of these gases in Landfill has been calculated from 1394 to 1424.The results show that the amount of landfill gases has declined over time. The most amounts of methane and carbon dioxide production is about 1050000 and 287000 kilograms in 1394 and the least amount of methane and carbon dioxide production is estimated about 174 and 476 thousand kilograms, respectively, in 1424. The total volume of gases produced in this landfill has been estimated to be about 15 million cubic meters in 30 years, of which 27 percent are methane and 73 percent are carbon dioxide. The amount of methane and carbon dioxide gas is estimated to be about 15 million and 42 million kilograms in 30 years, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, landfill gases have declined over time. It is recommended to use energy recovery technologies for controlling greenhouse gas emissions and generation of required energy for the ShahinShahr recycling plant in order to use this volume of gas.  }, Keywords = {Landfill, Environmental Gas, Waste, Energy}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {389-400}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.4.389}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {HosseinBaghaie, Amir}, title = {Effect of EDDS Chelate on Increasing Cd Phytoremediation Efficiency by Corn (Maxima Cv) in a Soil Treated with Municipal Waste Compost (A Case Study: Khomein Municipal Waste Compost)}, abstract ={Background: In recently years, plant-assistant bioremediation is preferred to the other methods and causes increasing of remediation efficiency. Among this, applying chelating such as Ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) can probably affect soil heavy metal availability that increase phytoremediation efficiency. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EDDS chelate on corn (Maxima CV) Cadmium uptake in a soil treated with Arak municipal waste compost. Methods: A factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with 3 factors in three replications was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Treatments were consisted of applying Arak municipal waste compost (0. 15 and 30 t ha-1)‌ , soil polluted cadmium (0, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd kg soil-1) from Cd(NO3)2 sources and applying EDDS chelate (0 and 1.5 mmol kg soil-1). After 60days, soil physic-chemical properties and root and shoot cadmium concentration was measured.  Results: Applying 1.5 mmol kg soil-1 EDDS chelate in a Cd polluted soil (40 mg Cd kg soil-1) without receiving Arak municipal waste compost caused a significant increasing in Cd availability by 21 percent, while applying 1.5 mmol kg soil-1 EDDS chelate in a Cd polluted soil (40 mg Cd kg soil-1) with receiving 30 t ha-1 Arak municipal waste compost increased the Cd availability by 10 percent.  Conclusion: The EDDS chelate effectiveness was affected by soil organic matter, as, with increasing the amount of Arak municipal waste compost, the effectiveness of applying EDDS chelate was decreased. The similar results for root and shoot Cd concentration confirm this matter clearly.  }, Keywords = {EDDS chelate, Cadmium, Sigma Cv, availability }, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {401-412}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.29252/jehe.5.4.401}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2018} }