@article{ 
author = {Lak, Saeed and Alighadri, Morteza and Rahmani, Kourosh and Sarbazan, Mohammad Has},  
title = {Environmental Impacts Assessment of the Transformation of Municipal Solid Waste Process of Tabriz City}, 
abstract ={Background & Objectives: Waste processing is one of the most important elements responsible for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of Tabriz urban solid waste and, finally, assess the environmental impacts of proposed scenarios for the management of MSW in Tabriz in 2017. Methods: In this descriptive study, the required data were collected from field observations, collecting library data, physical analysis with 4 sampling steps in 4 seasons in accordance with ASTM standard method. 4 scenarios (energy generation and composting, energy generation, composting, current status) were proposed and environmental impact assessment of proposed scenarios with Iranian leopold matrix. Results: An average of 1438 tons per day of MSW is collected from the city of Tabriz and the average per capita waste production for this city is 0.804 kg per person per day.. The average thermal energy generated from the total waste of Tabriz city is 7965 Kj/Kg. The results of the evaluation using the Leopold matrix showed that Scenario 1 (energy generation and composting) with a score of 171 was considered as the best scenario and scenario 4 (current status) with 212 points was the worst management scenario. Conclusion: In the present situation, planning and adopting appropriate measures to reduce negative environmental impacts, composing and energy generation can be appropriate for the management of MSW in Tabriz.},  
Keywords = {Environmental impact assessment, Leopold Matrix, Municipal solid waste, Tabriz},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {1-15}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.1.1},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-575-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-575-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kiashemshaki, Hossei},  
title = {Designing a Pilot for Alphamethrin and Cypermethrin Degradation in Sewage Cake Using Ultrasonic Technology Compared to Electrodialysis}, 
abstract ={Background and Purpose: The alphamethrin and cypermethrin insecticides are a common source of Pyrotyroid poisons, which means that it is useful for insects and targeted insects. The use of ultrasonic process for decontamination of contaminants in water and sewage is one of the advanced oxidation processes. The present study aims to determine the efficiency of elimination of alphamethrin and cypermethrin toxins by ultrasonic technology and electrodialysis with each other, simultaneous use of technologies, comparison and best practice for remove these toxins in a sewage sludge cake. Materials and methods: In this study, an ultrasonic bath of 25 kHz with temperature and time variables along with electrodialysis process was used. Specifications of the ultrasonic device: length 151 and width 137 mm and depth 143 mm. The device is a device of the Russian Federation and model of the device Y3B-3/200-TH-PɜπPTEK. It has the ability to adjust the temperature and time. The test time is 20 minutes and the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius and at voltages of 10 and 28 (30) volts and in currents of 0.02 and 0.1 amps. Results: The removal efficiency for the alphamethrin poison in the conditions of 10 volts and the current of 0.20 amperes and in the presence of ultrasonics is about 58% and for the cypermethrin acid in the same conditions about 42%. And in the case of a voltage of 28.1 and a current of 0.1 amperes, they have an efficiency of 47% and 40% respectively. Conclusion: The ultrasonic and electrodialysis processes have the advantage of eliminating the effective removal of toxins that are used to remove insecticides in urban sewage networks. And has about two to three times more power removal than electrodialysis alone.},  
Keywords = {Ultrasonic, Electrodialysis, Toxins},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {16-26}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.1.16},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-574-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-574-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salehnezhad, Roghayeh Sadat and Ataabadi, Mitr},  
title = {Optimization the Removal of Nickel from Simulated Wastewater by A Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Supported on Clinoptilolite}, 
abstract ={Background & Objectives: Nickel toxicity and its bioaccumulation potential in organisms at high concentrations, the use of cost-effective and environmental friendly remediation methods is necessary for the removal of nickel from polluted water and wastewaters. Bacterial biofilm be able to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions and accumulate them in their cell structure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the nickel removal efficiency by biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on clinoptilolite. Methods: In this study, a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a biofilm coating supported on clinoptilolite. To ensure the establishment of biofilms, scanning electron microscopy was used. The effect of concentration, pH, support medium dosage, temperature and contact time were evaluated in 5 levels, and finally, the results were assessed by adsorption isotherm models. Results: The findings indicated that the maximum removal efficiency by biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on clinoptilolite (99/47%) was achieved in optimal condition containing 900 mg. L-1of nickel concentration, pH of 9, supporting medium dosage (clinoptilolite) 2.36 g. L-1, temperature of 25 ° C and the contact time of 45 days. The fitness of data in Freundlich adsorption isotherm model revealed that the heterogeneity of adsorbent surface. Conclusion: This study indicates that the use of biofilm coating on the surface of clinoptilolite, can be a good candidate to remove the nickel from the aqueous media.},  
Keywords = {Nickel, Clinoptilolite, Biofilm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {27-41}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.1.27},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-576-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-576-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Farzan, Maryam and Miralinaghi, Mahsasadat},  
title = {Optimization of Removal Efficiency of An Anionic Dye Onto Magnetic Fe3O4-Activated Carbon Nanocomposite Using Artificial Neural Network}, 
abstract ={Background and objective: Wastewaters including dyes produced by various industries have serious destructive effects on the environment. Therefore, proposing analytical and numerical mathematics methods simulating dye removal process from industrial wastewaters are great of importance. Methods: In this research, the Fe3O4-activated carbon magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and its crystalline structure, surface, and magnetic properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, and VSM techniques. Efficiency of the composite adsorbent for decolorization of Reactive Red dye in different conditions was investigated. Then, an artificial neural network was constructed by using Matlab program to predict the removal efficiency of dye onto magnetic activated carbon and the number of neurons in a hidden layer was optimized. pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature as input parameters and dye removal percentage as an output parameter were considered. Performance of network after its training was evaluated based on the correlation factor. The experimental data were analyzed by pseudo- first- order, pseudo- second- order , and intra-particle diffusion kinetics models.The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to describe the sorption equilibrium isotherms. Results: . The high correlation factor for testing data showed that artificial neural network model can estimate the experimental data. The intra-particle diffusion kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models best describe the experimental data for the uptake of dye. A relatively low activation energy (34.6 kJ mol-1) suggests that the adsorption involve physio sorption. Maximum adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature. Conclusion: Use of network prediction resulted to eliminate experiments and to improve dye removal percentage.},  
Keywords = {nanocomposite, adsorption, artificial neural network, Reactive dye},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {42-66}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.1.42},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-577-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-577-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Hafezi, Salman and Dashti, Solmaz and Sabzghabaei, Gholamrez},  
title = {Risk Assessment Health and Safety of Acid Recovery unit of Abadan Oil Refining Company by using William Fine}, 
abstract ={Background: In today's world, the main issue is the safeguarding of the human resources employed in the economic sectors. But still, it's still yearly Lots of manpower employed Due to human economic activities are destroying. The purpose of this research is to identify hazard points and potentials and risk assessment and provide management solutions to reduce or eliminate these risks in the acid recovery unit of the Abadan Oil Refining Company as one of the most active and important sectors in the oil industry. Methods: To this end, the William fine method was used in 2016. Results: Based on the results of this method, 100 hazard and health risks were identified in the acid recovery unit, which included 25 abnormal risks, 2 emergencies and 73 natural risks. The highest RPN in the William fine method with a score of 300 is for the inhalation of acid neutralization gases, and the lowest with a score of 2.5 is the risk of falling from the height. Similarly, of the identified risks, 67% of the risks are at a low level. Conclusion: Regarding all mentioned points, the acid recovery unit of ABADAN Oil Refining Company has been identified as medium-average unit. Given the risk management practices, especially the training of personnel in different sectors, the formation of an accident investigation team and the scientific analysis of accidents and pseudo-events will play an important role in reducing the overall system risk},  
Keywords = {Risk Assessment, Acid Reactivation Unit, Abadan Oil Refining Company, William Fine},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {67-83}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.1.67},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-578-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-578-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Moradi, Saman and Amanoallahi, Jamil and Ghorbani, Farshi},  
title = {Estimation of Potential of the Ground Water Arsenic Contamination in Sanandaj Area Using Artificial Neural Network Model}, 
abstract ={Background & objective: Identification of ground waters contaminated by arsenic using surface soil parameters and modeling this relationship in two models including artificial neural network and multiple linear regression can be useful in managing the water resources of the region. Material & methods: The purpose of the present study was to estimate the potential of arsenic pollution in the Sanandaj ground waters using multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. In this regards, 35 number of wells were selected among the permissible wells with considering watershed area, appropriate distribution, and different geological structure. The water samples stored in polyethylene bottles and kept at 4°C until transferred to the laboratory. For consideration of the relationship between the soils characteristics around the wells and ground water, the soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm of topsoil with composite sampling technique. The soil samples were air-dried and prepared for analysis. For long term storage of water samples nitric acid were added and the concentration of arsenic in water samples were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption analyzer. Physical and chemical characteristics of the soil samples including: arsenic, arsenate, arsenite, phosphate, nitrate, total iron, amorphous iron, total manganese, amorphous manganese, clay, sand, silt, organic matter, pH and CEC were measured. Then all water and soil data were normalized and finally, accuracy of the MLP and ANN models was assessed to investigate the relationship between arsenic of water and soil parameters. Results: Results showed that the arsenic concentration of ground waters were lower than the standard level in the study area. This can be due to high concentration of arsenate in the study area soils compared arsenite and increasing the cationic exchange capacity of soil under the influence of clay particles, organic matter and free iron oxides. Conclusion: Compression of models accuracy result showed that ANN model with R=0.835, RMSE=0.156 and MAE =0.118 in the training phase and R =0.816, RMSE=0.177 and MAE=0.158 in the testing phase has higher accuracy and lower errors in the estimation of ground waters arsenic contamination than MLP model.},  
Keywords = {Arsenic, Groundwater, Multiple linear regression, Artificial neural network. Arsenate},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {84-98}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.1.84},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-579-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-579-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {AbdollahzadehSharghi, Elham and Yadegari, Faeze and Davarpanah, Leil},  
title = {Investigation of Coagulation and Flocculation Process in Chemical Pre-Treatment of Livestock Wastewater}, 
abstract ={Background: Development of communities, population growth, and enhancement of the health indicators has led to a significant increase in dairy and meat consumption, and consequential growth in the livestock industry. As the result, the environmental problems which cause by such industrial wastewater has increased. Livestock wastewater considered as a very non-biodegradable and polluted wastewater. In this study, the performance of livestock wastewater pre-treatment, by using coagulation and flocculation method, in order to reduce the pollutants concentration and improve wastewater properties were investigated. Methods: In the experimental methods, the Jar test unit was used as a batch reactor; FeCl3, PAC, and Alum as coagulants; and two polyelectrolytes: Zetafloc and Megafloc as cationic and anionic flocculants. The effects of coagulant dosage and type, flocculant type, and pH on the removal of COD and turbidity from wastewater were investigated in three stages. The wastewater with initial COD and turbidity of 12250 mg/L and 7125 NTU, respectively, was collected from a livestock unit. Results: The optimum conditions in the coagulation and flocculation process to achieve the maximum removal efficiency for COD (29.6%) and turbidity (52.8%) were obtained in an experiment with FeCl3 at a concentration of 400 mg/L, pH=8, and using an anionic flocculant. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the coagulation and flocculation process can be an effective method for livestock wastewater pre-treatment.},  
Keywords = {Livestock Wastewater, physicochemical Treatment, Coagulation and Flocculation, COD, Turbidity},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {99-110}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.1.99},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-580-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-580-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Razmi, Elham and JonidiJafari, Ahmad and Esrafili, Ali and Dehghanifard, Emad and RezaeiKalantari, Roshanak},  
title = {Immobilization of Laccase Enzyme on Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Comparison of Stability and Activity of Free and Immobilized Laccase}, 
abstract ={Background: Laccase enzyme is capable of oxidizing many resistant and non-biodegradable environmental pollutants, so it has been studied frequently in recent years and is widely used in biodegradation of contaminants. Despite its abundant applicability, due to its short life span, nonrecovery, thermal instability and instability in organic environments, its widespread use is very limited. The present study aimed to increase the stability of laccase by immobilizing it on silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized based on the co-precipitation method and after coating with silica, their surface was modified by amine groups. The enzyme was then immobilized by covalent binding using glutaraldehyde. Specifications of synthesized nanoparticles and immobilized enzyme were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results: Results of successful laccase immobilization on nanoparticles showed that laccase immobilization significantly increased storage and thermal stability, maintaining activity in a wider range of temperature and pH than free laccase. Conclusion: The immobilization of laccase on silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles can reduce the barriers and challenges of various enzymes by increasing its efficiency and stability.},  
Keywords = {Laccase, Immobilization, Silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, Enzyme Activity},
volume = {6},
Number = {1}, 
pages = {111-124}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.1.111},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-581-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-581-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2018}  
}

@article{ 
author = {zarei, Fatemeh and ardestani, Mozghan and asgarianzadeh, Mahmod and mousavifard, Azar},  
title = {Evaluation of Work Exposure in car Painters with Isocyanides Compounds}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Isocyanate Compounds NCO groups react easy with biological molecules & considered to be a powerful respiratory irritant and major cause of asthma, bronchitis chemical. Studies /investigations have shown that the risk of death from lung cancer is spreading among car painters. This study aimed to identify amount of worker with Physical contact on reduction of this contaminant in the work places produces isocyanates are about 3 million tons annually and 280000 workers are in contact with it in America. Extensive researches on the 57000 of Painter are shown that the risk of death from lung cancer is very high among workers of painter. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) have used as the most important industrial intermediates in industry. The purpose of epidemiological studies of isocyanate compounds is appointment occupational exposure of workers. In order to reduce these pollutants in the workplace, the employers must know the safety rules and use effectively controls. The purpose of performance of this project is survey impact of control on reducing the amount of isocyanate in air of workplace. Method: 10%of car painters were selected in Karaj city, and then 58 air samples were collected by using standard methods. Analysis of samples was performed by HPLC with niosh 5522 method. Statistical analysis was analysis by SPSS software. Result: Average of age, work history and work history with pain, in a sequence were 36.8, 18.25, 16.65.35.5% was smokers.63.8% of workshop had industrial ventilation. The Pollutant concentration average MDI, TDI was 7.9 mg/m3 and 1.05 that the highest concentration was related to No 9. Between smoking and respiratory problem among workers significant relations were found (p<0.002). In statistical analysis correlation coefficient (0.5) was observed between the temperature factor and increase HDI concentration pollutant concentration is significant between groups, where as it is not the same inside groups. Conclusion: This is correlation between workshop temperature & amount of pollutants and it increase at the end of the shift. Most of the samples had more concentration then standard. High concentration of pollutants, lack of ventilation system in 36% of the workshops & and smoking in the 35.5% of workers could increase diseases related to compounds isocyanate in future.},  
Keywords = {Isocyanate, Occupational exposure, Car Painters, Air sampling},
volume = {6},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {125-132}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.2.125},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-608-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-608-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azadbakht, Fatemeh and kalantar, Roshanak and esrafili, Ali and Shojaeyan, Samira and yeganeBadi, Mojtaba and Gholami, Mitr},  
title = {Efficiency Assesment of Chitosan Graphene Oxide Composite in Aniline Removal from Aqueous Solutions}, 
abstract ={Background: Aniline is a toxic compound characterized by high solubility in water (3.5 percent; 35000 mg/l) leading to increased presence risk of aniline in wastewater. The presence of this compound in the blood causes the formation of met hemoglobin and prevent oxygen uptake and plays a key role in chemical asphyxiation, moreover, it has been thought as a carcinogenic risk factor to humans. Therefore, this study aims to synthesizes chitosan graphene oxide and determine the usefulness of using this absorbent to remove aniline from aqueous solutions. Methods: Chitosan Graphene Oxide (CGO) which was prepared from graphite powder by adapting the procedure used by Hummer, doped with chitosan and the characterization of CGO were determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). To optimize the conditions, parameters including adsorbent dosage (g / L 0/2, 0/4, 0/6, 0/8, 1, 1/25,1/5), pH (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), contact time (5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 min) and aniline concentrations (mg/L 50, 100, 150, 200, 300) were evaluated in a total of 126 tests. Finally Chitosan Graphene Oxide was used for aniline removal from aqueous solutions. Results: The results of present study showed that with increase in contact time and absorbent dosage and with decrease in aniline concentration, removal efficiency tend to increase. PH=6, time=30min, absorbent dose=1 g/l and concentration of aniline=50 mg/l were obtained as optimum conditions. Under optimum condition (pH=6, time=30min, absorbent dose=1 g/l and concentration of aniline=50 mg/l) the highest efficiency of aniline removal is %93.14. The adsorption isotherm showed that absorption process correlates well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2>0.9996). Reaction kinetics complies with Pseudo-second order model with correlation coefficient of (R2=0.9799). In the study of thermodynamics, negative values of ΔH0 and ΔG0 respectively illustrate that reactions are exothermic and spontaneous. Conclusion: chitosan graphene oxide composite has the ability to remove aniline effectively from aqueous solutions. And also it can be used as an efficient adsorbent for related aqueous solutions.},  
Keywords = {Adsorption, Aniline, Chitosan graphene oxide},
volume = {6},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {133-148}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.2.133},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-609-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-609-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Kermani, Majid and Ahmadi, Samira and Shahbazi, Zahra and Bahadori, Roghayeh and Ghavami, Zhila and Mehralipour, Jamal},  
title = {Optimization of US-Electropersulfate Process for Leachate Treatment by Response Surface Methodology}, 
abstract ={Introduction: Chemical Oxidation Demand (COD) is an important parameter in treatment of leachate. Leachate from solid waste has a high pollutants that must be treatment before discharge to environment. The aim of this study was optimization of US-Electro/persulfate process, predicate of optimum conditions by RSM for landfill leachate treatment. Methods and materials: In this experimental study used to sonochemical-reactor with one liter volume that equipped with 40 KHz and two Iron electrodes as an anode and two Copper electrodes as a cathode that connected to direct current supply source. In final step of study pH (2-4), S2O82- (1- 2gr/L), direct electrical current (1/5-3 A) and reaction time parameters as an independent parameters were studied. In optimum condition, corrosion of the electrodes in anode and energy consumption were measured. Sludge properties before and after the process were analyzed by SEM / EDAX and FT-IR spectroscopy. Results: By using this software (design Expert), the optimum condition was done at PH=3/41, S2O82- dose=1.2 gr, current density=2/41 A, and reaction time were 70 min. In this condition the efficiency of COD removal was 75 %. The R-squared and Adj R-squared process is 0/78 and 0/88 respectively. The electrodes corrosion in optimum condition were 0.77 gr and energy consumption was 9/23 KW/kg COD. The results of analysis indicate that change in sludge during the process happened and elements structure in leachate has observed, the most obvious oxygen and iron increase in sludge after the process. Conclusion: The US-Electro/persulfate has a good efficiency in COD removal and with this model can be tested with a few run and high accuracy to optimize the process.},  
Keywords = {Optimization, US-EPS, Leachate treatment, Landfill, Response surface methodology},
volume = {6},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {149-164}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.2.149},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-610-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-610-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {ashrafifard, Azar and Alighadri, Morteza and Rahmani, Kourosh},  
title = {Assessment the Optimal Strategies for Municipal Solid Waste Recycling and Recovery Process with the Analysis of SWOT and QSPM in Ardabil}, 
abstract ={Background and Objectives: Environmental pollution from waste is one of the main problems of municipal waste management. Since evaluation of the recycling and recovery process is one of the most important stages in municipal waste management, this study aimed to determine the optimal strategies for recycling and recycling Ardabil municipal waste by SWOT analysis and QSPM matrix in 2017. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, basic information was obtained through library studies and review of texts, observations, field visits, specialized interviews, and completion of a questionnaire from 80 experts in this field. Finally, was used analytical method SWOT and QSPM Matrix. Results: The final score of the internal factors 2.03 and the external factors were 3.05. According to the IE matrix, the current status of the process was located in the WO status. In the QSPM matrix, among strategies based on the charm score, the option of supporting recycling capabilities (composting, extracting energy, producing quality products), and recovery waste for the construction of related factories and the creation of a job market for unemployed youth proportional to The conditions of the status with a score of 11.57 were introduced as the first priority. Conclusion: Considering the current status of Ardabil municipal waste recycling and recycling process, which is in accordance with the IE matrix in the region of change, it is necessary to take advantage of opportunities in order to compensate for the weaknesses of the process.},  
Keywords = {Waste Management, Recycling, Recovery, SWOT, QSPM, Ardabil},
volume = {6},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {165-174}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.2.165},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-611-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-611-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Davarpanah, Leila and Taherian, Soma and AbdollahzadehSharghi, Elham},  
title = {Removal of High Concentrations of Sulfate from Wastewater: Evaluating Different Methods and Proposing the Best Option}, 
abstract ={Background: Industrial wastewaters containing high amounts of compounds such as sulfate can cause serious risks to human health and environment. Therefore, proposing practical solutions with the lowest cost and the highest efficiency for pollutants removal is of special importance. The purpose of this study is to find a suitable method for treatment wastewater containing very high amounts of sulfate. Materials and Methods: This research is an experimental-research study in which four different practical methods have been investigated for treatment of sulfate containing wastewater including chemical precipitation with lime, electrocoagulation, biological degradation and thermal distillation. Results: After examining the performance of different methods and considering the special characteristics of wastewater, the results showed that the methods of chemical precipitation (removal efficiency of 5%) and electrocoagulation (removal efficiency of 7%) were less efficient. The distillation process also showed an acceptable performance in removing TDS and sulfate from this wastewater (removal efficiency of 98.7%) and the biological method could function well after wastewater dilution (the removal percentage of sulfate in the first 24 hours for wastewater with dilutions of 10, 25 and 50%, are about 55, 40 and 17%, respectively). Conclusions: According to the results obtained from this study, methods of chemical precipitation and electrocoagulation are proposed only as a pre-treatment method and biological treatment can be used as a supplementary treatment after pre-treatment. Distillation is also not recommended as a practical method due to high cost and energy consumption.},  
Keywords = {Sulfate removal, Wastewater, Chemical precipitation, Electrocoagulation, Biological reduction, Distillation},
volume = {6},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {175-186}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.2.175},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Tahsini, Hadi and Alizadeh, Maryam and gavilian, Hoshyar},  
title = {Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration and Its Consumption Risk in Trout Fish (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)}, 
abstract ={Background: Nowadays, the pollution of aquatic ecosystems caused by entry of heavy metals is an issue that makes it essential to check the wholesome of the aquatic animals that are consumed by human. When these metals enter the canvas of aquatic organisms, cause tension due to bioavailability, and their toxicity leads to teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in living organisms Methods: Thirty rainbow trout were prepared from each fishing farm pond which are located in Sanandaj (Nanale Village) and Kamyaran (Diwaznaw Village). Then, samples were prepared using acid digestion method in the laboratory and the concentration of these metals was measured using atomic absorption spectrometer (Phonix 986). The achieved data were analyzed using SPSS software.. Results: The average concentration of the copper in liver and muscle tissues was 1. 53 and 0.15, for magnesium 3.7 and 7.57, for iron 0.28 and 0.6, for zinc 4.52 and 1.05, and for Nickel was 0.04 and 0.03 micro grams per a gram of fresh weight. The maximum daily consumption allowance was 888.7 grams for adults and 177.77 for children Conclusion: The average concentration of copper, iron, zinc, nickel and magnesium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout compared to international standards, is slightly lower than that at current consumption rates, long-term health risks to consumers is realized.},  
Keywords = {Heavy metals, Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), With length, Fish farming ponds, Risk assessment of consumption},
volume = {6},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {187-196}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.2.187},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Salehi, Razieh and Dadashian, Fatemeh and Abedi, Mohamm},  
title = {Passive Sampling of Aromatic Hydrocarbons Toluene, Xylene and Ethylbenzene Using Activated Carbon Fabric in Ambient Air of Tehran}, 
abstract ={Background & Objectives: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in large cities. Aromatic hydrocarbons as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been listed in Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) by Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA). The aim of this study is Passive sampling and determination of aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene using activated carbon fabric in ambient air of Tehran Methods: Activated carbon fabric (ACF) was used as adsorbent for adsorption of aromatic hydrocarbons. The chemical specifications of activated carbon fabric such as specific surface area and pores volume were determined by nitrogen adsorption isotherm (BET method), the microscopic images by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface functional groups by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Air sampling was achieved by passive samplers equipped with activated carbon fabric in cylindrical holders at 8 different stations of Tehran. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for determination of Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene after extraction in CH2Cl2. Results: The results showed activated carbon fabric is an efficient adsorbent for passive sampling of aromatic hydrocarbons and at different stations the concentrations of Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes were determined. The results indicated that Javadiyeh station (Region 17) and Imam Khomeini station (Region 10) were polluted than other stations, whereas at Chitgar station (Region 22), Sattari station (Region 5) and Tehran pars station (Region 8) had lower concentrations of AHs. The good correlation between carbon monoxide and aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in each sampling station showed they have similar source of emission (cars). The concentration of these pollutants is influenced by topography, wind direction and speed and the number of car passing through different stations. Conclusion: As the concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air are low using AFC in passive sampler is an efficient method for sampling and adsorption of AHs and then their determination. For this purpose it is necessary to exist special functional groups and especially oxygen containing fuctional groups on the surface of carbon fabric.},  
Keywords = {Passive sampling, Activated carbon fabric, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Toluene and Xylene},
volume = {6},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {197-212}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.2.197},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shaddel, Maryam and Mortazavi, Samar and Tayebi, Lima and Rahelinamin, Behnaz},  
title = {Monitoring of Heavy Metals Contamination (Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu) in Sediments of Balkhlou River of Ardebil by Implication of Sediment pollution Indices}, 
abstract ={Background: Water contamination of heavy metals is one of the major threats to human health and food chain. In this study, concentration of heavy metals of lead, chromium, copper and zinc in sediment was measured in order to assess their ecological effects and their risk. Methods: To determine the concentration of metals, 12 stations were selected along the river and 3 samples from the sediment were taken in each station. After the preparation and acid digestion of the samples, the concentration of these metals was determined using atomic absorption device. Results: The average total concentration of lead, copper, chromium and zinc metals in sediments was obtained in mg / kg (22.24±8.08). The results showed that the pollution load and ecological risk of heavy metals in the area are in lower risk category. The environmental hazard of metals was also evaluated (zinc lead). Also, by calculating the geochemical index of molars and contamination coefficient of Balkhloo sediments, the pollution of heavy metals was classified with zero degree of contamination and in non-contaminated area. Conclusion: Based on the results, the contamination and the ecological risk level of metals in the sediments of the region are evaluated at a low level.},  
Keywords = {Heavy metals, ecological risk assessment, sediment quality index, Balkhloo},
volume = {6},
Number = {2}, 
pages = {213-226}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.2.213},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-615-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-615-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Amini, Malihe and Okati, Narjes},  
title = {Phytoremediation of Cadmium in Polluted Effluents by Pharagmites Australis in Constructed Wetland}, 
abstract ={Background and Objectives: With increasing population, the process of contamination of water resources has intensified and humans need new and inexpensive ways to refine and improve water quality. Heavy metals are the environmental pollutants that originate mainly from industrial and agricultural activities and are found in all parts of the industrial communities. This research was conducted to evaluate cadmium stress resistance for Pharagmites australis in greenhouse conditions in University of Jiroft. Methods: The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement with two factors and three replications. Experiments were included: cadmium as the first factor and levels of metal stress including 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 mg.kg-1 soil for greenhouse experiments as the second factor. The resistance of Pharagmites australis to cadmium stress at deposition stage to full growth in greenhouse conditions was investigated and the concentration of cadmium in the underground organs and aboveground organs and soil pots were measured. Results: results of Greenhouse experiments showed that with increasing in metal concentrations, it's absorbing with underground organs and aboveground organs were increased. However, impressive accumulation of cadmium was in underground organs and its translocation and accumulation in aboveground organs has been reported much less. With absorption and accumulation of metal in underground organs, ability of plant growth was decreased with changes in physiological characteristics. Even in respect of cadmium with high solubility in water and significant uptake in underground organs, have seen stop growing in aboveground plant parts.  Conclusion: In summary results of this research showed that regarding the growth of underground organs, the Pharagmites australis is relatively resistant to cadmium stress, has low transmission factor and ability to accumulate cadmium in its underground organs.  },  
Keywords = {Cadmium, Constructed wetland, Pharagmites australis, Phytoremediation},
volume = {6},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {227-238}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.3.227},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-639-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-639-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Baghaie, Amir Hossein and Daliri, Amir},  
title = {Geostatistical Analysis of Soil Pb and Cd Distribution Using Environmental Indexes in the Southwest of Isfahan in 2017}, 
abstract ={Background and objective: Soil contamination and accumulation of heavy metals in soil and agricultural products is one of the most important environmental that threatens the life of plants, animals and humans. This research was conducted to investigate the geo-statistical analysis of Pb and Cd distributed in the southwest of Isfahan using environmental indexes in 2017. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study with 150 samples in the southwest region of Isfahan province. The sampling was initially randomly performed on a regular network at a distance of 3 km to a depth of 0-10 cm. The sampling distance was reduced to about 50 meters by approaching the lead and zinc mine or residential area. The concentration of lead and cadmium was measured by digestion of samples with a mixture of nitric acid and chloride acid with the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy. The distribution of heavy metals was studied using geostatistical analysis. Results: The highest and lowest concentrations of lead and cadmium were observed around the Irankouh complex and Sepahan Shahr of Isfahan with a value of above 300 and below 200 mg / kg, respectively. The concentration of cadmium and lead in the Baharestan town and Sofeh forest park is below the standard level. The highest and lowest factor contamination of lead and cadmium contamination (CF) was observed around the Irankouh complex and Sepahan Shahr of Isfahan with the amount above 6 and below 3, respectively. Conclusion: Heavy metal distribution mapping using environmental indexes can indicate the status of pollution distribution in the region.  },  
Keywords = {Heavy metals, Pollution indexes, Mapping, Geostatistic

},
volume = {6},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {239-250}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.3.239},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-640-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-640-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {AbdollahzadehSharghi, Elham and Yadegari, Faezeh and Davarpanah, Leil},  
title = {Performance Evaluation of the Coagulation and Flocculation Process in Removing Pollutants from textile Dyeing Factory Wastewater}, 
abstract ={Background and Objective: In this research, the performance of coagulation and flocculation process for the removal of pollutants from raw wastewater as well as anaerobic unit effluent of biological treatment of textile dyeing factory wastewater treatment plant was investigated. Methods: For this purpose, the Jar test unit as a batch reactor, FeCl3, PAC, and Alum as coagulants, and two polyelectrolytes, namely, Zetafloc 7563 and Megafloc 3045PWG as cationic and anionic flocculants were used and the effect of coagulant dosage and type as well as flocculant type on removal of COD, turbidity and color were investigated in two stages. Findings: The results of coagulation and flocculation experiments on raw wastewater showed that Alum at concentration of 40 mg/L was the most effective coagulant with COD, turbidity and color removal efficiency of 73.1±1.5%, 93.7% and 71.7%, respectively. However, the results of coagulation and flocculation experiments on the effluent from biological anaerobic treatment unit showed that the highest percentage of COD and turbidity removal were 52.2±2.6% and 99.1%, respectively that corresponds to PAC with concentration of 2000 mg/L. Additionally, the COD removal efficiency of FeCl3 coagulant at concentration of 400 mg/L was 52.2±3.5%. The difference in the results of the two stages was due to the change in the nature of the pollutants after exposure to biological treatment and different pH of the wastewater used in these stages. Discussion and Conclusion: A general review of the results showed that use of physicochemical treatment applying only coagulation and flocculation process could not reduce the pollutants present in the dyeing wastewater for reuse, while this method could be considered as a pretreatment or one of the secondary treatment steps and post treatment.  },  
Keywords = {Textile dyeing wastewater, Physicochemical treatment, Coagulation and flocculation, COD removal, color removal},
volume = {6},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {251-264}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.3.251},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-642-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-642-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rafiee, Mohammad and Jahangiri-rad, Mahsa and Sofi-karimi, Fatemeh},  
title = {Analysis of Sustainable Development Indices in Iran: Population and Health Sections}, 
abstract ={Background and objectives: Sustainable development refers to the process of development that, while meeting the current needs of society, can provide the needs of future generations without any reduction in their ability to meet their needs. The Sustainable Development Program through its 17 defined goals covers a wide range of human activities in economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The present study set out with the aim of assessing the Iran's sustainable development indicators in two parts of population and health that in turn affect different dimensions of economic, social and human development. Methods: A documentary methodology was adopted in this research. Indicators related to the population and health targets were selected and have been analyzed by comparing the country with the international average and the countries of the region. The required information was compiled from international references and reports, including the World Bank and the Statistics Organization of Iran. Results: The average population growth rate in Iran fairly equals the world average and most countries. Compared to the most of the communities, Iran has a better status than the world average in terms of population and health-related indicators of sustainable development, and is among the high-income and upper middle-income countries. Also, in some indices such as vaccination coverage, diabetes and high mortality rates from accidents Iran has the highest score and also the lowest rate in the world with regard to the infection rate. There is no favorable situation regarding environmental issues. Conclusion: Although Iran shows a better status than the world average in most of the population and health related indicators of sustainable development, the country's environmental issues, the aging population structure and its consequences, death from accidents will be a major challenge for the future, which will require rapid and effective management measures in this area.  },  
Keywords = {Sustainable development, Sustainable development indicators, Population, Health},
volume = {6},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {265-280}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.3.265},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-643-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-643-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Mohammadi, Neda and Alighadri, Morteza and Rahmani, Kourosh},  
title = {Comparison of Health Status of Medical Equipment Levels and Pseudo-Homogeneous Environmental Levels in One of Ardebil Hospitals by Observation Method (ICNA) and Microbial (ACC) During Autumn 2017}, 
abstract ={Background and objectives: The transmission of infection from the equipment and the environment to patients is widely carried out through contact. The aim of this study was to determine the health status of medical equipment and pseudo-homogeneous environmental levels in hospitals in Ardebil, in observational and microbiological hospitals in year 1396. Methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, 17 levels of hospitalization in Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA) were evaluated in a two month observational stage (by completing the checklist) and microbial. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software and by comparing it with British standards. Results: This study showed that the rate of contamination in different parts of the hospital was microbial 75.75% and 29.15%, respectively. According to statistical analyzes in the microbial method, the most infected ventilators were among the most polluted medical equipment and among the peripheral levels of the most infectious patient ward. At the observation station, among the medical equipment levels, the cliché was the most contaminated case, and among the pseudo-environmental environmental levels, the most infected fridge was determined. The most contaminated part in terms of cardiothoracic microbial monitoring was determined in terms of male in-patient observation. Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested that by systematically planning and applying appropriate and preventive methods, implementing disinfection programs, developing guidelines for cleaning and disinfection, training and continuous monitoring of the standard methods of contamination will be minimized.},  
Keywords = {Environmental levels, Microbial monitoring, Observational monitoring, Ardabil},
volume = {6},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {281-292}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.3.281},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-644-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-644-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Attaeian, Behnaz and Mortazavi, Samar and Farokhzadeh, Behnoush and Khorsand, Mohse},  
title = {Evaluation and Mapping Spatial Distribution of Copper Pollution in Soil and Water of Vineyard Garden}, 
abstract ={Background and objectives: The use of copper based fungicides is a crucial part of agricultural operations in vineyards, increasing productivity and crops. However, the long term application of fungicide could increase the copper concentration in the vineyard soils. Methods: In this study, soil and water chemical parameters including copper contamination, pH and EC as well as soil organic matter and texture were determined in 23 stations across Malayer vineyards in a completely randomized layout.  Results: The soil texture of vineyards was a type of sandy loam in the study area which is suitable for grape seedlings growth.Copper concentration ​​was significantly higher than the level required for optimum grapevine growth but less than the contamination level. The water and soil pH and soil organic matter content were in optimum condition. While soil EC was in normal range according to the Ministry of Agriculture standard, the EC value of water was above the optimum value, which can be due to the unauthorized deep-water wells and exposure to the saline watertable. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the sharp increase in copper concentration in the Malayer vineyard could be a result of fungicides application as well as pollution transmittal of mining, factories and chemical and animal fertilizers application in the study area.  },  
Keywords = {Copper, Pollution, Heavy Metal, Zonning, Vineyard

},
volume = {6},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {293-310}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.3.293},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-645-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-645-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {KouhiyanAfzal, Mohammad Taghi and FarrokhianFirouzi, Ahmad and TaghaviZahedkolaei, Mehdi},  
title = {Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions using Green and Biodegradable Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles}, 
abstract ={Background and objectives: Zerovalent iron nanoparticles (ZVIN) had high potential for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions due to high surface area and reactivity of them. The aim of this study was nitrate removal from aqueous solutions using environmentally friendly stabilized ZVIN. Methods: ZVIN were synthesized via chemical reduction by sodium borohydride. In order to preventing of ZVIN from being agglomerated these particles were stabilized by natural and green biopolymers of Guar gum and Xantan gum. Results: Xantan gum+ Guar gum stabilized ZVIN had the most efficiency for nitrate reduction from aqueous solutions. Results also revealed optimum contact times for nitrate removal were 100, 50 and 40 minutes for Bare, Guar gum and Xantan gum+ Guar gum stabilized ZVIN respectively. The optimum pH values for nitrate reduction were 2, 5 and 6 for Bare, Guar gum and Xantan gum+ Guar gum stabilized ZVIN respectively. Nitrate removal efficiency increased by increasing of ZVIN dosages (2 to 10 g/L) from 66.01 to 76.06, 83.43 to 91.36 and 89.47 to 96.16 percent for Bare, Guar gum and  Xantan gum+ Guar gum stabilized ZVIN respectively. The results showed when nitrate dosages enhanced (from 100 to 400 mg/L) the efficiency of nitrate removal from aqueous solutions decreased from 66.17 to 47.97, 84.26 to 69.06 and 88.65 to 75.49 percent for Bare, Guar gum and  Xantan gum+ Guar gum stabilized ZVIN respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that application of polymeric stabilizers caused increasing zero-valent iron nanoparticle efficiency in nitrate removal from aqueous solution.},  
Keywords = {  Zerovalent iron nanoparticles, Nitrate, Removal, Guar gum},
volume = {6},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {311-325}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.3.311},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-646-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-646-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Saeedi, Milad and Roudbari, Alirez},  
title = {Determination of the Distribution of NO2, CO, and PM2.5 Concentration Using a Photochemical Model of Air Pollution: Case Study of Tehran City}, 
abstract ={Background and objectives: Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world in terms of air pollution. Modeling is a useful tool in air pollution management. The objectives of this study are to determine the distribution of the main air pollutants concentration in Tehran and to construct a photochemical model appropriate to the geography and natural characteristics of Tehran.   Methods: In this research, by using the WRF / CAMx modeling system, the concentration of all pollutants from moving sources in a 60-day episode (22 November 2015 to 20 January 2016) is calculated in Tehran, and concentration contour has been plotted for , CO, and . In this regard, the emission inventory for moving sources has been calculated with coding in the FORTRAN and the outputs of the WRF meteorological model was prepared for air quality modeling and then, by using the CAMx model, the air quality of Tehran was simulated during this 60 day period. Results: The results of the meteorological simulation have been compared and validated with the measured values at the Mehrabad station. Also, for the purpose of validation, the results of the simulation of pollutant concentrations of the particle matters with the measured concentrations of air pollution monitoring stations have been compared. In this study, the concentration contour and the distribution of pollutants have been drown for , CO, and . According to the concentration contours, the center of Tehran is more polluted. The Normalized Mean Bias for Sharif, Shadabad, Shahrery, and Golbarg stations is 41%, 24%, 37.8% and 37.2%, respectively. Which are acceptable in the simulation of air pollution. Conclusion: This study shows that the amount of air pollutions is higher in the areas where moving sources are more in traffic, and it can be said that the majority of Tehran's air pollution is generated by moving sources.},  
Keywords = {Simulation, Air pollution, Particle Matter, WRF-CAMx},
volume = {6},
Number = {3}, 
pages = {326-338}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.3.326},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-647-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-647-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Samarghandi, Mohammadreza and Rahmani, Alireza and Asgari, Ghorban and Mehralipour, Jamal and Moradi, Mohammad Jamil},  
title = {Efficiency and Modeling of UV-Electropersulfate Process via Iron Electrode in the Degradation of Acid Blue 25 Dye Using Central Composite Design}, 
abstract ={Background: Dyes are resistant organic matter because they have an aromatic rings. Sulfate radical (SO4●-) is a powerful oxidative radical. The design via CCD, cause the process was done by high accurate and low-cost. The aim of this study was modeling of UV-EPS process to degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye via the CCD from aqueous. Methods: In this experiment study, used to a photoelectrochemical reactor with two iron electrodes as an anode and two titanium electrodes as a cathode and Low-pressure mercury lamp (254 nm). The pH (2-4), Direct Current (0.75-1/5 A), S2O82- concentration (0/5-1/5 mg/l), reaction time (20-40 min) and initial concentration of AB25 (50 -100 mg/l) as a main independed variables were chosen. Also, COD, synergist effect, presence of radical scavenger and kinetic of reaction were studied in optimum conditions. Dye concentration and COD were measured by spectrophotometer (DR5000). Results: The results illustrate that the efficiency of process is affected by the variables. Optimum condition obtained in pH=3/01, DC was 1/08 A, PS was 1/30 mg/l, reaction time was 34 minute and initial concentration equal to 50 mg/l. In this situation efficiency of process was 91 percent. The COD removal in these conditions was 69 percent. The correlation coefficient was 0.84 which indicates that the quadratic model is suitable for process design. The kinetics of reaction followed the first order kinetics. Reduce of efficiency of process in the presence of radical scavenger occur. Conclusion: Optimizing via CCD reduces the number of runs and increases accuracy. This process has a high efficiency in dye and COD removal and this process can be used to reduce the pollutant loading form industrial wastewater, such as textile wastewater, before discharging into the environment.},  
Keywords = {Modeling, UV-Electropersulfate, Acid Blue 25 dye, Central Composite Design, Aqueous},
volume = {6},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {339-355}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.4.339},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-667-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-667-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MohammadiAmini, Maryam and Nourisepehr, Mohammad and Dehghanifard, Em},  
title = {Evaluation the efficiency of magnetic-metallic chitosan nanocomposite adsorbent in the removal of tetracycline antibiotic from aqueous solutions}, 
abstract ={Background and Objective: Antibiotics are considered due to health and environmental problems and therefore they counted as a major threat to human health. The aim of this study was to determine the absorption efficiency of magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite in the removal of antibiotic tetracycline from aqueous solutions. Materials and Method: In this study, the experiments were performed by spectrophotometer. The magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite were considered as an antibiotic adsorbent which its adsorption efficiency was measured by changing the variables such as temperature, time, PH, dosage of magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite, concentration of tetracycline, concentration of interactive ions of chlorine, sulfate and carbonate. Synthesis of magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite was based on co-precipitation method. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms were used to determine the isotherm and the absorption kinetics. Results: The results showed that the best antibiotic removal efficiency was obtained at pH = 6. The highest removal efficiency was obtained at 90 minutes and equal to 91.23%. Moreover, the removal efficiency of tetracycline was significantly reduced in alkaline pH. Also, by increasing the absorbent dose from 0.1 g/L to 0.5 g/L, the removal efficiency of the pollutant increased from 72.24% to 90.22% at 90 minutes. In addition, with an increase in pollutant concentration between 5-30 mg/L, the removal efficiency of the pollutant decreased from 93.4% to 53.7%. In order to study the thermodynamics of the tetracycline pollutant absorption process by magnetic-chitosan nanocomposite, the removal efficiency of the pollutant dropped from 91.23% to 45.1% at 20, 30 and 45 degrees of Celsius. The presence of interfering ions has a decreasing effect on the removal efficiency of tetracycline, which the removal efficiency were reduced from 91.23% at 90 minutes (in the absence of ions) to 70.16% (for chlorine ion), 65.96% (for ion Carbonate) and 54.2% (for sulfate ions).                Conclusion: Finally, the use of magnetic- chitosan nanocomposite adsorbent is recommended in the removal of antibiotic tetracycline.},  
Keywords = {Absorption, Magnetic-Chitosan Nanocomposite, Tetracycline, Water Resources.},
volume = {6},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {356-374}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.4.356},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-668-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-668-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {RezaeiKalantary, Roshanak and JonidiJafari, Ahmad and Esrafili, Ali and Bahari, Niloufar},  
title = {Investigation of the Efficiency of Various Concentration of Organic Compounds in the Bioaugmentation Process for Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium in Soil}, 
abstract ={Background: Cr (VI) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic contaminant and that are used in the steel industry and other chemical industries such as the leather industry, pigment production, electroplating of metals and the production of anticorrosive compounds. Its waste enters the environment and subsequently enters the water and food sources. Therefore, in order to protect the environment as well as human health, it is necessary to remove this pollutant from the environment, including soil, using appropriate methods. Material and Methods: Chromium resistant bacteria were isolated from the chromium contaminated soil and adapted by serial culture in Cr (VI) concentrations of 50-400 mg/L and microorganism growth and Cr (VI) reduction were measured. Then the soil was artificially contaminated at the laboratory by Cr (VI) compound (CrO3) and Organic compounds were added to soil at the Specified amount. Finally, a separated bacterial mix was added to the soil to initiate the bioaugmentation process. Results: After 3 stages of sampling and data analysis, the results of the study showed that Cr (VI) reduction efficiency by the bacterial mix reduced decrease by Cr (VI) concentration increase. So, under similar conditions, the efficiency of Cr (VI) reduction of soil, at a concentration of 50 , 200 and 350 mg / l, is about 86%, 51% ,and 26% respectively .Organic compound adding also increase bioaugmentation efficiency. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that optimizing soil conditions could improve the biodegradation process, especially in low concentrations of contaminants.},  
Keywords = {Cr (VI), soil, bioaugmentation, organic compound},
volume = {6},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {375-384}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.4.375},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-669-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-669-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Aazami, Jaber and KianiMehr, Naser and Zamani, Abasali and Abdolahi, Zahra and Zarein, Mohammad and Jafari, Naser},  
title = {Water Quality Assessment of Ghezelozan River in Zanjan Province Using NSFWQI, IRWQI and Liou}, 
abstract ={Background: Unsustainable development of agriculture and aquaculture has reduced the water quality of rivers. The most important aim of this study is assessing of water quality in the Ghezel Özan basin in Zanjan province. Method: 18 sites were selected based on standard criteria including land use, geology, biodiversity points, accessibility and standard distributions. Content of Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Turbidity and Electrical Conductivity were measured in-situ while number of Fecal Coliform, amount of BOD, COD, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Sulfate and Chlorine were measured at laboratory. Results: One-sample T.test showed a significant difference between the Coliform and its standard. Results have illustrated the remarkable impacts of agricultural and aquaculture activities on the river health. Also, among all quality parameters, Nitrate and Fecal Coliform show a significant difference in two regions, Tarom and Mahneshan. There is the best water quality in site 7 (upstream site) located far from human access. IRWQI index (Iranian water quality index for surface water) shows the best results because of more overlap with land-uses and the trend of variables. Conclusion: Olive cultivation and unsustainable aquaculture development in Tarom and Mahneshan, respectively, are main reasons for decreasing of water quality. So, integrated water resources management, training local people, assessing environmental impacts and determining the ecological potential are highly recommended to improve the water quality of the studied river.},  
Keywords = {IRWQISc, Gezel Özan, Tarom, Mahneshan},
volume = {6},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {385-400}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.4.385},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Azadi, Mahak and Hassani, Amir Hesam and Olya, Mohammad Ebrahim and Borghei, Seyed Mehdi},  
title = {Interaction of Hydrogen Peroxide and Nanophotocatalysts Produced Via Combustion Method; Its Influence on Dye Removal of Aquatic Environments}, 
abstract ={Background: Due to the large volume of water consumed in textile industry and producing the colored wastewater containing non-biodegradable organic dyes, in the present study the interaction of hydrogen peroxide and nanophotocatalyst in the advanced oxidation process was investigated. Methods: In this research, after synthesizing of nanophotocatalyst (ZnO:Ag:Nd) the effect of hydrogen peroxide on dye removal process, and its interaction with the catalyst was investigated. photocatalyst was characterize by  (FESEM) Field-emission Scanning Electron (EDS) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XRD) X-ray diffraction methods. Then, the effect of important operating parameters such as dye concentration (10-30 ppm), pH (3-9), The amount of photocatalyst (0.02-0.1g.L-1) temperature (30-50°C), hydrogen peroxide concentration (F=2-11) was evaluated in AOPs process. Process modeling was done by using the response surface methodology. Results: The results showed that by adding hydrogen peroxide to photocatalyst particles, the efficiency of decolorization was increased, but the addition of catalyst to the optimum amount of hydrogen peroxide reduced the efficiency of decolorization. Also, the optimum conditions for the removal of dye matter (pH=6.21) and the amount of photocatalyst 0.08g.L-1, F=9was achieved. The results of the thermodynamic studies showed the endothermic reaction of the process, and process modeling indicated that the theoretical result were in accord with the experimental results. Conclusion: Based on the results, combination of using catalysts and hydrogen peroxide is an effective technique for dye removal of aqueous solution.},  
Keywords = {Nanophotocatalyst, Hydrogen peroxide, Response surface methodology},
volume = {6},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {401-416}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.4.401},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-671-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-671-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Solgi, Eisa and Soleimany, Arezoo},  
title = {Investigation of Changes in Physico-Chemical Parameters of Composting Plant Leachate in Isfahan}, 
abstract ={Background & Objectives: Leachate from solid waste in uncontrolled landfills can have many effects on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of physical and chemical properties of leachate from Isfahan Compost Plant Reception Hall during time. Methods: In the present study, samples were collected from leachate of a compost plant in Isfahan for 12 months during the years in 2016 and 2017. Different physico-chemical properties including biochemical oxidation, chemical oxygenation, total soluble solids, total suspended solids, nitrate, total nitrogen, phosphorous, pH, EC, sodium, calcium and potassium, as well as concentration of 9 metallic elements of iron, lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese in the leachate were measured during the time. Results: Concentration of potassium, calcium, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, phosphorus, total nitrogen, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD in leachate samples was in the range of 2150-5216.04, 698-70000, 1530-4600, 1302-4547, 192-3944.30, 0-4149, 7-7900, 9614-87000, 8368-77850, 71200-116800, 47800-75000 mg/l, respectively. The pH and EC of the leachate varied in the range of 4.23-5.30 and 21.30-49.7 dS/M, respectively. In addition, the concentration of heavy metals of iron, lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese, ranged from 49-220, 0.57- 23, 0.5-0.25, 0.5-7.5, 0.1-0.94, 0.03-2.50, 566-1090, 12.50-39, 0.28-9 and 3.50-33 mg/l, respectively. Conclusion: The amount of BOD5 and COD was higher in April and March, in which the average rainfall was higher than other months. Also, TDS in June, with zero rainfall, was higher compared to other months. Comparing the mean concentration of elements (except chromium), the physical and chemical parameters of the leachate with the effluent discharge standards of the Iranian Environmental Protection Agency indicated that the concentrations was several times higher than the standard limit. The results of leachate analysis showed that leachate from municipal waste from the compost station line of Isfahan had a high potential of environmental contamination, which should be controlled and monitored continuously.},  
Keywords = {Leachate, Physical and Chemical Parameters, Heavy Metals, Isfahan Compost Plant},
volume = {6},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {417-429}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.4.417},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-673-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-673-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Moeinaddini, Mazaher and Ali-Taleshi, Mohammad Saleh},  
title = {A GIS Based Emission Inventory of Air Pollutants from Mobile Sources in Morning Rush Hours; Case Study: Karaj}, 
abstract ={Background and Objectives: Emission inventory of mobile sources is an essential element for studying the air quality. In order to support the development of public policies with an approach to reducing the overall mass emissions of air pollutants, the aim of the current study was preparation of a GIS based emission inventory of Karaj mobile sources air pollutants. Material and methods: In the present study in 2016, the International vehicle emission model (IVE) was used to estimate the amount of emissions of CO2, CO, NOx, VOCs, SOx and PM and the GIS environment was used to show the distribution of pollutants emissions during the morning rush hours in Karaj pathways. Results: The results showed that the maximum amount of air pollutants released during morning rush hours was as CO2 (5944.07)> CO (297.55)> NOx (32.70)> VOCs (31.16)> PM (21.24)> SOx (1.102) Kg/h in Karaj. Heavy vehicles were responsible for maximum emission of CO2, NOx and PM and light vehicles were responsible for the release of CO, VOCs and SOx. Conclusion: This inventory is useful for politicians and researchers to better understand the current conditions of air pollution in the region and will provide a vital input for air quality modeling and policy making.},  
Keywords = {Emission inventory, Air pollution, Mobile sources, Morning rush hour, Karaj },
volume = {6},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {430-442}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.4.430},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-674-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-674-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Rahmani, Kourosh and Dadashkhah, Zeynab and Alighadri, Morteza and Mokhtari, Ahmad and Nazari, Hadi},  
title = {Environmental Assessment of Life Cycle of Waste Management System Based on LCAIWM1 Modeling (Case Study: Rasht City)}, 
abstract ={Background: Population growth and increased human activities in urban communities lead to large volumes of waste. This waste volume causes problems for human health and environmental pollution. Recently, a living environment assessment has been developed to improve the situation. The purpose of this study is to compare the environmental impacts of four urban waste disposal scenarios in Rasht city. Methods: In this research, the amount of waste and the data required for logging were first determined and then the four life cycle assessment stages were performed in relation to each of the defined scenarios. Finally, the results were analyzed using the IWM1 model it placed. Results: The results of this study indicate that by disposing of some of the waste in the organic fertilizer plant by composting and landfilling, part of it in the district of sanitary and energy extraction and increasing the recovery rate, we can see a significant reduction in the emission of pollutants was environmental. The ecological index was the best scenario is -2.10E+6 And for the most devastating scenario +2.39E+07 was obtained. Conclusion: According to the environmental assessment and comparison of the results of the life cycle logbook, the first scenario (collection; compost; recycling; landfill) with an ecological index plays an important role in reducing pollution and energy consumption and the title has been chosen as the top management option and has been made available to experts and decision-makers.},  
Keywords = {Municipal waste, Life cycle assessment, LCAIWM1 model, Rasht city},
volume = {6},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {443-456}, 
publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences},

doi = {10.29252/jehe.6.4.443},
url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-675-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-675-en.pdf},  
journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering},  
issn = {2383-3211}, 
eissn = {2588-4239}, 
year = {2019}  
}