@article{ author = {KhajehHoseini, Ladan and JalilzadehYengejeh, Reza and MohammadiRouzbahani, Maryam and Sabzalipour, Sim}, title = {Prioritization of Air Pollutant Removal (VOC) Scenarios from Refinery R.O.P Units Using Artificial Neural Network Model (Case Study: Abadan Oil Refinery)}, abstract ={Oil is vital in many industries and is the most important source of energy supply internationally, accounting for 32% of energy supply in Europe and Asia and more than 53% in the Middle East. Given the position that the petrochemical industry has found today, its damage to human health and the environment should not be overlooked. Refineries today emit millions of pounds of pollutants into the air, which poses a serious threat to human health and the environment, and seriously damages the quality of life of people living in industrial communities. Therefore, in this study, using the logic and algorithm used in the artificial neural network model, the weight prioritization of the strategies and the prediction of future conditions governing the plan have been done, and finally the final ranking was done with the TOPSIS model. Methods: In this study, air pollutants were measured by gas chromatography and using artificial neural network ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) to prioritize the scenarios of removal of volatile organic pollutants from ROP (Recovery Oil Compound) of Abadan Oil Refinery It was done in 2019 to 2020. The method of using artificial neural network in the present study was MLP (Multi Layer Perceptron). The final ranking was done with TOPSIS model. Results: Based on the results obtained from the measurement of air pollutants adjacent to the ROP unit of the refinery, the highest emission of volatile organic compounds compared to the amount announced by WHO belongs to benzene emission with values of 8865.88 µg/m3 in spring, 1701.04 µg/m3 in summer, 8061.72  µg/m3 in autumn and 8447.62 µg/m3 was in winter. Conclusion: Based on the model outputs and its ranking with the TOPSIS model, minimization of production effluent in the factory through more effective control of water consumption, optimization of production processes, reuse of condensate water of indirect converters, control of leakage in connections, valves and equipment The refinery with an impact factor of 1 purity was the first priority and the most ideal. hen return the sludge from the aeration tank to provide a sufficient number of microorganisms to prevent anaerobic activation of the sludge, as well as increase the hydraulic retention time of wastewater every two hours with 0.7798 second priority and use of uniformity ponds with 0.6964 to the ideal state. The third strategy was identified.}, Keywords = {Volatile Organic Compounds, Oil Refinery, Air Pollution, Artificial Neural Network}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.1.1}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-802-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-802-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {HajiAdineh, Hamid Reza and MohammadiRouzbehani, Maryam and Payandeh, Khoshnaz and Ghanavati, Navi}, title = {Investigation of The Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds (PAHs) in Indoor and Outdoor Air of Urban Areas (Case study: Tehran, 2017-2018)}, abstract ={Volatile organic compounds are one of the most important air pollutants in cities that are caused by cars, chemical and petrochemical industries. A very important component of volatile organic compounds is PAHs, which have an aromatic structure and are formed by many natural processes and human activities. These compounds are widely used in petroleum and petrochemical products and industries, as solvents in paint and adhesive industries and have important health effects on humans, such as cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of Poly Cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air during the hot and cold seasons. Materials and methods: Sampling of this study was performed by selecting 12 stations from Tehran in a one-year period using absorbent tubes and individual sampling pump with a flow rate of 200ml / min at a distance of 1-2.5 meters from the ground. From each station, three samples were taken in dry period and three samples in wet period (72 sample). The collected samples were stored in the refrigerator and then transferred to the laboratory and after extraction from the adsorbent surface were read by Gas Chromatographic. Results: The results showed that during the sampling period in dry in ambient air, the average concentration of PAHs was equal to 20.2 ppb and in wet outdoor environment( ambient air), the average concentration of PAHs was equal to 23.6 ppb. Also, in the sampling period in dry (indoor air), the average concentration of PAHs was equal to 20.6 ppb and in wet (indoor air), the average concentration of PAHs was equal to 23.8 ppb. Conclusion: In general, the average concentration of PAHs in the cold season(wet) is more than the hot season (dry), which is due to pollution of domestic and commercial canters with the creation of inversion in Tehran in the cold season and increased photochemical reactions in the hot season and become faster This material is to other materials. The amount of these compounds in high-traffic areas and the city centre is more than other places, and by moving away from these high-traffic points, the concentration of these compounds is gradually reduced.}, Keywords = {Air Pollution, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Dry and Wet, Tehran}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-30}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.1.17}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-803-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-803-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {MohammadZaheri, Farzaneh and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and Lorestani, Bahareh}, title = {Investigation of Efficiency of Natural Zeolite on Immobilization/Stabilization of Pb and Cd in Contaminated Soil Using the BCR Sequential Extraction Method}, abstract ={Nowadays, soil contamination with heavy metals is among the main world concern, and therefore, special attention to protecting soil quality is vital. In this regard, the decrease of bioavailability and mobility of these elements in the soil are very important to control their toxicity and their acute and chronic effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of natural zeolite for the immobilization/stabilization of lead and cadmium in a contaminated soil sample. Materials & Methods: In this study, first, the control and experimental (containing 5% of natural zeolite) soil treatments were contaminated with 150, 500 and 1500 mg/kg of Pb and 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg of Cd. Then the contents of Pb and Cd in the soil samples were determined in various fractions (i.e. exchangeable and acid-soluble fraction (F1), the reducible fraction (F2), the oxidisable fraction (F3) and the residual fraction (F4)) of both soil treatments were extracted using the BCR sequential extraction procedure and finally, the mobility rates of the elements were computed at different incubation periods (i.e. 1, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). Results: The results showed that the mobility of Pb in the experimental treatment containing 150, 500 and 1500 mg/kg added lead was decreased 51%, 23% and 15% at 56th day of incubation compared to the control treatment. While, the mobility of Cd in the experimental treatment containing 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg added cadmium was decreased 12%, 9% and 5% at the 56th day of incubation compared to the control treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, although with increasing in the added amounts of Pb and Cd in the soil the efficiency of natural zeolite as an amendment agent in the immobilization and solidification of these elements was reduced, natural zeolite can be used for chemical fixation of heavy metal- contaminated soils due to its acceptable efficiency in heavy metal uptake, reasonable price, abundance and minimal adverse environmental impact.}, Keywords = {Soil contamination, Soil amendment, Mobility, Heavy metals}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-49}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.1.31}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-804-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-804-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Farrokhi, Fatemeh and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and Taghavi, Lobat}, title = {Health risk Assessment of Traditional Pastries Marketed in City of Kermanshah in 2019 with Emphasis on Potential Risk of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu}, abstract ={Traditional pastries are the favorite common food items of people at all ages, especially children who consume them in large amounts. Since raw materials and manufacturing processes may be the main sources of contamination of foodstuffs by hazardous compounds particularly toxic heavy metals, this study was conducted to health risk assessment of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu through consumption of two famous traditional pastries (i.e. "Nan-e Berenji" and "Kak") which marketed in city of Kermanshah in 2019. Materials and Methods: After the purchase of 21 samples of each pastry of seven popular brands and acid digestion of the samples according to standard methods, the content of studied elements was determined using inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) in 3 replicates. Also, all statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software. Results: Based on the results the mean contents of Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu (mg/kg) in Nan-e Berenji samples were 0.770, 0.034, 1.21 and 1.14, respectively, while the mean contents of elements in Kak samples were 0.200 for Pb, 0.035 for Cd, 1.02 for Cr and 1.23 mg/kg for Cu. Besides, the results obtained showed that TTHQ values were 2.57 ⨯ 10-2 and 5.29 ⨯ 10-3 for children and adults, respectively, who consuming Nan-e Berenji and were 1.1 ⨯ 10-2 and also 2.33 ⨯ 10-3, respectively, for children and adults who consuming Kak. Also, the mean contents of Pb in Nan-e Berenji samples were higher than the WHO maximum permissible limits (MPL). Besides, THQ values were within the safe limits (THQ < 1), and there is no potential health risk for adults and children via the consumption of analyzed traditional pastries. According to the results of the current study, the controlled consumption of traditional pastries under the current consumption rate hasn't an adverse effect on the consumer's health. While, the mean contents of Pb in Nan-e Berenji samples were higher than the MPL, and due to the persistent and bioaccumulation potential of heavy metals in the body tissues, regular periodic monitoring of the content of toxic metals in popular foodstuffs for maintaining human health and achieve food security is recommended.}, Keywords = {Food security, Maximum permissible limits, Target hazard quotient, Traditional pastries, Heavy metals}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {50-62}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.1.50}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-805-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-805-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Noorisepehr, Mohammad and Salari, Mehdi and Darvishmotevalli, Mohammad and Beheshti, Alirez}, title = {Evaluation of the Most Important factors Affecting the Safety Performance of Workers in the Construction Industry Using Hierarchical Analysis Method (Case Study in A Combined Cycle Power Plant)}, abstract ={       Background and objectives: Construction is one of the most dangerous industries in the world and one of the authorities’ concerns of officials in this area is to improve their safety. This study was carried out so as to investigate the causes of unsafe behaviors in a combined cycle power plant. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire for 300 workers of the combined cycle power plan were used. The obtained information was divided into criteria and sub-criteria affecting the causes of unsafe behaviors. Criteria and sub-criteria were distributed as a pairwise comparison questionnaire among 19 people who worked on the safety and they were supposed to answer based on their experiences as well as the distance scale. Criteria and sub-criteria were ordered by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and using Expert Choice‌ software. Results: the results showed that the criterion of individual characteristics (34 %) is the most effective factor for unsafe behaviors and followed by employer (22%), teaching 915%), education (12%), specialization and experience (7.8%), age (7.6%), job characteristics (3%), and weather condition (2%) respectively. Conclusion: the most important sub-criterion of individual characteristics is a one's susceptibility to accident. Hence, it is necessary to prevent unsafe behaviors by employing vulnerable people in less dangerous occupations.  }, Keywords = {Unsafe behavior, Construction, Hierarchical analysis, Combined cycle power plant}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {63-73}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.1.63}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-806-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-806-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {MovahedianAttar, Hossein and Moradnia, Maryam and Pourzamani, Hamid Reza and Hashemi, Majid and Najafi, Fatemeh and Mohammadikhah, Fatemeh}, title = {Investigation the Characteristics of Industrial Solid Waste in Ure and Shoja Abad}, abstract ={Background & Objective: Considering the development of industries and the importance of industrial waste production and its environmental hazards, it is important to survey the quantity and quality of waste. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of properties investigation of waste produced from industrial units in Ure and Shoja Abad. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2018. A questionnaire was used for quantitative and qualitative survey of industrial waste. For this purpose, after referring to the industrial units and completing the questionnaires, the data were analyzed to determine the status of industrial waste. Results: A total of 59730 and 168620 tons per year of industrial waste are respectively produced in Ure and Shoja Abad. Waste from non-metallic minerals has the highest amount of total production waste at 29460 and 151490 tons per year in Ureh and Shoja Abad, respectively.On-site recycling in the industries of Urea and Shoja Abad towns with 1212.74 and 434.91 tons per year, respectively, is the main method of waste management. Conclusion: According to the results the main method of industrial waste management is on-site recycling. Non-metallic minerals are used and recycled in the production process to a greater extent than other production wastes in Urea and Shojaabad industrial plants.}, Keywords = {Industrial waste, hazardous waste, quantitative, qualitative investigation}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {74-82}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.1.74}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-807-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-807-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Asgari, Ghorban and Darvishmotevalli, Mohammad and Beheshti, Alireza and Salari, Mehdi}, title = {Modeling and Optimization of Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Pumice Based on RSM-CCD and ANN-GA Methods}, abstract ={  Background: The discharge of a large volume of colored wastewater into receiving water sources has caused widespread concern around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of pumice as an adsorbent in removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was also modeled and optimized by the methods as follows: central composite design-central composite design (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). Methods and Materials: The independent variables in the study were included pH (3-11), contact time (10-50 minutes), adsorbent dose (0.1-2 g/L), and MB concentration (20-100 mg/l). The effect of these parameters on the efficiency of pumice in MB uptake was modeled and optimized by RSM-CCD and ANN-GA methods. A spectrophotometer at 620 nm was used to measure the residual MB concentration in solution. Results: The results showed that the RSM-CCD method has the ability to develop a quadratic polynomial model with high validity (R2 = 0.9997) for the adsorption process. Similarly, the ANN-GA method fitted well with experimental data to develop a model with high validity (R2 = 0.9978). The results of optimization process by RSM-CCD and ANN-GA methods obtained the highest adsorption efficiency at pH = 11, contact time = 50 minutes, adsorbent dose = 1 g/L, and concentration MB = 20 mg/L. Adsorption efficiency shows a direct relationship with pH, contact time and adsorbent dose and inversely with contaminant concentration. The linear effect of pollutant concentration and adsorbent dose variables had the greatest effect on adsorption efficiency. Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that pumice as a cheap and available adsorbent can be considered as a suitable choice for absorbing dye pollutants from aqueous media. RSM-CCD and ANN-GA methods can also be used to model and optimize adsorption processes.}, Keywords = {Methylene blue, Pumice, Adsorption, Aqueous solution}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {83-98}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.1.83}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-808-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-808-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Lorestani, Bahare and Merrikhpour, Hajar and Cheraghi, Mehr}, title = {Cross-Sectional Study of Water Quality Changes in Lake of Kalan Malayer Dam (Case Study: 2017-2018)}, abstract ={  Background: Using available water resources, protection and monitoring of water resources is essential and vital. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in water quality in Lake of Kalan Malayer Dam in Hamedan province during the year 2017-2018. Methods: Using GIS software and land use maps, sampling locations in the dam lake were selected. In samples was carried out on 5 occasions, pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, PO4, NO3, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, TOC, Turbidity and concentration of common pesticides used in the area were measured. Results: The results showed that according to WHO guidline, turbidity in May and electrical conductivity, BOD and COD in all sampling times, limit the consumption of drinking water. The average concentration of BOD and COD was higher in the primary stations and decreased from the average concentration in the lake and stations near the dam wall, that be related to the discharge and route of pollutants upstream of the river, which increases the amount of biochemical and chemical oxygen demand. Nutrient concentrations (NO3, Cl, SO4 and Na) in all samples were within the allowable range determined by WHO. Conclusion: Water in winter was of better quality due to increased river flow and water stored behind the dam, lowering the temperature and reducing agricultural activities.}, Keywords = {Dam Lake, Water quality, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Dissolved Solids}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {99-116}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.1.99}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-809-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-809-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Habibi, Hossein and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and Cheraghi, Mehrdad and Lorestani, Bahareh and KianiSadr, Maryam}, title = {Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Some Heavy Metals in Street Dusts Collected from Industrial, Commercial and Residential Areas of City of Hamedan in 2019 Using the Ecotoxicological Criteria}, abstract ={Trace elements are the common pollutants of soils, sediments and street dust in the urban environment, which pose a potential threat to public health. Therefore, this study was conducted to potential ecological risk assessment of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in street dust collected from industrial, commercial and residential areas of city of Hamedan in 2019 using ecotoxicological criteria. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, a total of 378 street dust specimens were collected from 18 sampling sites. After acid digestion of dust specimens, the element contents were determined using ICP-OES. Also, potential ecological risk factor (Er), risk index (RI) and the ecotoxicological criteria were calculated. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software. Results: Based on the results obtained, the mean contents of the examined elements in dust specimens (mg/kg) were 2.31, 0.225, 41.3, 48.8, 65.2, 79.2 and 211 for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, respectively. The computed values of Er showed that, factor values were decreased in the order Cd > As > Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn > Cr. Also, the mean values of RI with 77 represented that, all the examined elements have the "low potential ecological risk". Moreover, the computed values of the ecotoxicological criteria showed that the street dust specimens of the study area were non-polluted with trace elements. Conclusion: Although the examined elements have been shown the low potential ecological risk, Cd with 38.2% of the mean values of RI showed significant potential to occurrence the ecological risk, therefore, source identification and sources control of this element and also periodic monitoring of contaminated soils are recommended for maintenance of public health.}, Keywords = {Trace elements, Risk assessment, Dust, Ecotoxicology}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {117-129}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.2.117}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-829-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-829-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Niknejad, Hadi and Esrafili, Ali and Kermani, Majid and Farzadkia, Mahdi}, title = {Kinetic and equilibrium models for Adsorption of 2,4 DNP compound on chemically modified waste sludge}, abstract ={The contamination of water by organic pollutant viz. 2,4 DNP compound is recognized as most common environmental concern due to their highly toxic nature, worldwide. Adsorption has attracted much attention as a new technique to remove these contaminants from water and wastewater. The purpose of this study was to introduce an inexpensive adsorbent, dried waste sludge, for removal of 2,4 DNP compound. Material & Methods: At first, sludge was dried at temperature 60 °C. Next, CaCl2 was used to improve adsorption capacity. The removal efficiency of 2,4 dinitrophenol were determined by HPLC at wavelength of 360 nm. In addition, the effects of influencing factors including pH, initial pollutant concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dose were examined. The equilibrium binding were described by Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms and kinetic models. Results: The results obtained from adsorption process indicated that was 60 min is the equilibrium time. The optimum pH for adsorption for both adsorbents was found to be 7. The optimum concentration of 2,4-DNP was found to be 10 ppm. The results obtained from the present research showed that the removal of the contaminant using modified sludge sorbent was increased from 40.4% to 77.9% when dosage increased from 0.1 to 1.5 g. Equilibrium adsorption data for 2,4 DNP were fitted by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Freundlich adsorption isotherms model, respectively. Also it has been found that adsorption kinetics can be described according to the Pseudo-second order model. Conclusion: According to results, chemically modified waste sludge showed reasonable adsorption capacity. Therefore, it and can be used as a native alternative to 2,4 DNP compound removal from aqueous environments.}, Keywords = {Waste Sludge, 2,4 DNP Compound, Adsorption, Isotherms, Kinetics}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {130-141}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.2.130}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-831-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-831-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mesbahi, Fatemeh and MostafaNejad, Sadegh and Nadiri, Ata Allah}, title = {Landfill site selection using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geographical information system (GIS): A case study in Sardasht, Iran}, abstract ={Landfill is one of the most common methods of waste disposal in developing countries. Determining burial sites is a difficult and complex process in which social, environmental and technical parameters are involved. The purpose of this study is to select a suitable landfill for waste disposal in Sardasht. Materials& Methods: The type of research is a descriptive-analytical research method. Geographic tools and techniques, GIS software, word, and AHP (hierarchical) model have been used in setting up information and calculations in this research. Using GIS software, different layers of information were scored and divided into completely appropriate, appropriate, completely inappropriate and inappropriate categories. Results: Based on the field study, about 61% of the study sites were found to be completely unsuitable for landfilling. Selected locations were scored based on evaluation criteria and compared by weighting these criteria, comparisons were made between them. Then, 20% of the remaining places were considered as a better option. In the end, after reviewing these places, a place was selected as the suggested place. This place is located at a distance of approximately 12 km from Sardasht city, has a suitable side road and slope, which is a suitable distance from the villages and the city, and was selected as a suitable option due to its location outside the aquifer. Conclusion: This study showed that with the help of AHP model and GIS software, a suitable place for landfilling of municipal waste can be selected so that the factors affecting the selection of a suitable place can be applied.}, Keywords = {landfill, site selection, model, AHP, GIS, Sardasht}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {142-157}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.2.142}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-832-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-832-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Masoomi, Bahm}, title = {Study of the effect of ozonation process factors on drinking water quality parameters}, abstract ={Background and objectives: The performance of ozone in water disinfection depends on process factors as well as the design parameters of the ozone unit that improper design of ozonation unit and an imbalance between ozone doses with the quality of the water used is causing changes in water quality. The overall goal of this study is to investigate the effect of ozonation process factors on drinking water quality parameters.   Methods: This study is on a pilot scale in four different scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonation process factors on the simulated water quality parameters (turbidity, color, chlorophyll a, pH and TOC) was performed. In all scenarios, ozone doses between 1 and 5 grams per hour are considered. Contact time (minutes), temperature (degrees Celsius) and pH are equal in scenarios 1 to 4, respectively; 5, 23.9 and 5.6-4 (Scenario 1), 10, 23.8 and 6.8-5.6 (Scenario 2), 15, 23.8 and 6.8 (Scenario 3) and 20, 23.6 and 8.6 (Scenario 4). Results: The results of data in different scenarios showed that, injectable ozone dose, ozone contact time with water, pH and temperature it has the greatest effect on ozonation performance. The average removal rate of turbidity, TOC, color  and chlorophyll a parameters in scenarios 1 to 3 is equal to; (Scenario 1; 12.85, 1.05, 5.3 and 41.8%), (Scenario 2; 14.35, 12.3, 12.75 and 60), (Scenario 3; 31.65, 16.3, 18 and 67.3) . Studies showed that in scenario 4 with an alkaline pH (10.6) and an average temperature of 23.6 ° C with an injection ozone dose of 5 grams per hour and a contact time of 20 minutes, the removal rate of quality parameters of water samples including; Turbidity, TOC, color and chlorophyll a was higher than other scenarios and are equal to: 44.07%, 32.6%, 39.8% and 92.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that among the process factors governing ozonation, temperature and pH have the greatest effect on water ozonation, So that with the decrease of temperature and increase of pH, the removal rate of parameters increases. The contact time and the dose of injected ozone have a direct effect on the removal of parameters, So that the effect of these two parameters depends on the hydraulic conditions of the ozonation tank and the quality of raw water. Reviews various scenarios showed that in the optimal ozonation conditions, the highest removal rate of parameters is related to chlorophyll a, turbidity, color and TOC, respectively.}, Keywords = {pilot, ozonation, process factors, water quality parameters.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {158-172}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.2.158}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-833-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-833-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Aazami, Jaber and Babaei, Owrang and Zamani, Abbasali and Yazdani, Salar}, title = {Assessing of oil pollution in suburbs of Shahid Tondgoian Oil Storage in Zanjan Province (July 2020)}, abstract ={Background: Soils have a key role in establishment and growth of biota and also are as a natural resource, national capital and life substrate in any country. Therefore, every contamination can be transferred from soils to higher food levels with its negative impacts. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate oil pollution in soils caused by the establishment of Shahid Tondgovian Oil Storage in Zanjan province. The depot has three storage tanks with capacity of 47, 35 and 26 million liters of oil and gasoline and kerosene, respectively. Methods: Soil samples were collected from a depth of 5-15 cm at 20 sites and the values ​​of EC, pH and PAHs were measured. Then T-test was used to compare the results with standards and control sites. Results: The mean of pH and EC results were 8.24 and 281 µ/cm, respectively. The results showed PAHs values ​​were lower than the standard and there was no statistically significant difference between the study sites and the control one (P > 0.05). Also, the amount of benzo (a) pyrene compound, used as an indicator of total PAHs to study carcinogenic effects, was lower than standard in study area. Therefore, there is no health risk for the oil residents in collected samples from Shahid Tondgoian Oil Storage. Conclusion: Currently, oil pollution is not observed in the soils around the study area and there is no health risk for the residents in the suburbs.}, Keywords = {Pollution, Zanjan, Oil, Soil.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {173-184}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.2.173}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-834-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-834-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Moradnia, Maryam and Noorisepehr, Mohammad and Ghaderi, Sheno and Salari, Mehdi and Darvishmotevalli, , Mohamm}, title = {Investigation of Microbial Contamination in Surfaces and Waterlines of Dental Units in Terms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Coliforms}, abstract ={Background and aim: Water supply systems and various parts of dentistry unit have the ability to aggregate biofilms and thus the transmission of dangerous diseases to staff and patients. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial contamination of surfaces and water lines of dental units of health center (Qods 2) in Divandareh city. Material and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on dental units of the health center (Qods 2) in Divandareh city in 2019. 125 samples were collected from different parts of the units including unit lamp handle, lamp ON/OFF power button, open/close bolt of unit water, setting switch button (before and after disinfecting), and the inlet and outlet water of units. The samples were tested for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coliforms and Escherichia coli. Results: The results of this study showed that all samples collected from the studied parts of the units including unit lamp handle, lamp ON/OFF power button, open/close bolt of unit water, and setting switch button were positive as presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and coliforms before and after disinfection. Also, the unit lamp handle and setting switch button were positive as Escherichia coli. The inlet and outlet water were also positive for all the studied bacteria. The number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the handle of the unit lamp before disinfection (210±80.5 CFU/ml) and in the ON/OFF button of the lamp after disinfection (300±82.6 CFU/ml) were higher than the permissible amount (200 CFU/ml). Also, the number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria detected in setting switch button, before disinfection, was higher (200±75.2) than the allowable value. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the contamination level of water and surface of the studied dental units was high. Also, identifying of the considerable number of bacteria at the different surfaces of the units, indicating the improper use of the disinfectants and the possibility of biofilms presence in the unit waterlines.}, Keywords = {Dental units, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coliforms and Escherichia coli}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-195}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.2.185}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-835-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-835-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {NesariArdakani, Maryam and Morovati, Maryam and Arsalan, Maryam and SiyahatiArdakani, Gholamrez}, title = {Environmental Risk Assessment of Non-Metallic Industries Using Combined PHA-William Fine Technique (Case Study: Eram Ardakan Tile & Ceramic IND Co.)}, abstract ={Background: Non-metallic industries such as tile and ceramics, in addition to production and economic development, cause many environmental problems, including air and soil pollution and waste production. Industrial environments, by their very nature, are exposed to serious damage and hazards that are potentially expanding in line with the increasing growth of technology. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying and assessing the environmental risks of Eram Tile and Ceramic Industrial Company in Ardakan City by combined method of PHA and William Fine. Method: First, based on field visits to Eram Ardakan Company, environmental hazards were identified by PHA method and based on the work unit, performance of existing machinery, and human activities. Then, using the William Fine method, environmental risk assessment was performed and corrective solutions for high risks were presented. Results: Based on the findings of this study, 241 environmental hazards were identified, which were classified into 6 groups of environmental hazards (pollutants entering water, pollutants entering soil, pollutants entering air, loss of water and energy resources, generation of noise, and the generation and dispersion of industrial waste). The Risk Priority Number (RPN) of natural risks was 166, abnormal risks 52, and high risks 23. The highest RPN was 560 related to the operation of the crusher, spraying, operation of the furnace and dryer, press, and suction, while the lowest was 1, related to the excessive watering of trees and plants and uploading of animal manure. Conclusion: the assessment of hazards in the ceramics industry, while helping identify technical deficiencies and human errors, emphasizes the need for training and change the attitude of managers and personnel working in this industry and environmental inspections to maintain and promote environmental health.}, Keywords = {Environmental risk assessment, WILLIAMFINE technique, PHA, Ceramic and tile industry}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {196-211}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.2.196}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-837-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-837-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {khastoo, Hamidreza and hassani, Amir Hessam and Mafigholami, Roya and mahmoudkhani, Rouhallah}, title = {Evaluating the Optimal Operating Conditions of MBR for Domestic Wastewater Treatment}, abstract ={Objective: Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is known as new technology for domestic wastewater treatment. This research aims on the performance evaluation of MBR in pollutants removal and membrane fouling in different operational conditions. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a pilot with 140 L net volume and flat-sheet membrane was started up and continuously fed with real wastewater in Ekbatan wastewater treatment plant. It has been operated for 100 days with different organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.58, 0.71 and 1.55 kgCOD/m3.d and aeration conditions of DO>4 mg/L and DO<1.5 mg/L. Results: The results show that MBR can remove more than 96% of BOD, COD and TSS of wastewater in all operating conditions. This performance is rather constant and verifies the high reliability of system in different operating conditions. Nevertheless, the maximum removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) is 31% and 66%, respectively, while it degrades about 15% in aerated condition (DO>4 mg/L). In addition, membrane fouling increases whenever OLR is increased or the aeration is reduced. Actually, the trans-membrane pressure (TMP) is statistically correlated with OLR (R2=0.91). Conclusion: The findings reveal that MBR is an efficient technology for domestic wastewater treatment and performs rather constant in times of aeration reduction or OLR enhancement. However, it requires supplementary techniques for TN and TP removal.}, Keywords = {Fouling, Membrane bioreactor (MBR), Pilot, Technology, Wastewater treatment.}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {212-223}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.2.212}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-838-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-838-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Abdi, Somayeh and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and Lorestani, Bahareh and Cheraghi, Mehrdad and AhmadPanahi, Homayo}, title = {Concentration and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in indoor dust- A case study on pre-elementary and elementary schools of city of Tehran, Iran}, abstract ={Background & Objective: Individuals spend a lot of time indoors; thus they are generally exposed to phthalates used in consumer products. Therefore, those exposed to phthalates as indoor contaminants are at high risks. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazard of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the indoor dust collected from 9 pre-elementary and elementary schools of central and southern parts of city of Tehran in 2019. Materials & Methods: A total of 27 indoor dust specimens were collected using a vacuum cleaner. After transferring dust samples to the laboratory, 100 mg of each sample was centrifuged and mixed with 20 ml acetone, and kept through a night and ultrasonicated within 30 min. Finally, analyte contents were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Based on the results obtained, mean concentrations (mg/kg) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(nbutyl) phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DnOP) were found to be 1.14, 0.11, 6.15, 0.71, 421 and 9.31 respectively. Moreover, the overall PAEs average daily exposure doses (ADD) via dust ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation were 2.16E-03, 2.35E-06 and 2.15E-07 mg/kg, respectively, and the lifetime average daily exposure doses (LADD) were 2.52E-04, 5.01E-07 and 3.40E-08 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: In general, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of DnBP, DEHP and DnOP congeners were considerable for children and adults and ingestion of dust particles was found to be the main pathway of exposure to PAEs for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Although, based on the results except for DEHP the carcinogenic risks of the studied samples were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency threshold of 1.00E-06, due to the disadvantages of phthalates in human safety, these kinds of investigations are helpful in understanding the main ways of exposure to PAEs and providing a science-based framework for the future attempts for mitigating the PAEs indoor emissions.}, Keywords = {Indoor dust, Phthalate esters, Health risk assessment, Pre-elementary school, Tehran}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {224-244}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.3.224}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-853-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Nikfar, Farzaneh and Sabzalipour, Sima and Gholami, Ali and Nazarpour, Ah}, title = {Assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards of heavy metals in surface soils of Bandar Mahshahr industrial zone in 1398}, abstract ={Background: Non-biodegradation in nature and the creation of adverse health effects in humans is important features of heavy metals. The main purpose of this study was to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, V, and Zn in the soils of industrial areas of Mahshahr port for adults and children. Methods: To study the environmental effects of the petrochemical industry in the study area, sampling was performed from 47 soil points in the study area. Samples were taken from a depth of 0-10 cm of soil and analyzed according to the required acidic digestion method of Esposito et al. Ecological risk indices for determining the level of contamination and proposed relationships proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency were used to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Results: Descriptive statistics of heavy metal concentration showed that the highest average concentration of metals in the soil of the study area is related to Ni metal (70.89 mg/kg) and the lowest to as metal (0.32 mg/kg). The carcinogenic risk of nickel and chromium in children and adults was estimated to be higher than other metals (CRI >1). In both age groups, the risk index for children was higher than for adults. Conclusion: The results show that the presence of heavy elements in the soil of the industrial area of ​​Mahshahr port requires the implementation of bioremediation projects such as phytoremediation.}, Keywords = {Heavy metals, Soil pollution, Carcinogenic risk, Non-carcinogenic risk, Mahshahr Port Industrial}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {245-256}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.3.245}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-854-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-854-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Zoqi, Mohamad Javad and Doosti, Mohamad Rez}, title = {Solidification/Stabilization of Lead Contaminated Soil Using Magnesia Phosphate cement and Ordinary Portland cement}, abstract ={Background and objectives: Solidification/stabilization is an effective technique for reducing the leachability of contaminants in soils. Magnesia phosphate cement and ordinary Portland cement can be used to remediate soils contaminated. In this study, the performance of the solidified/stabilized soil was compared for mixtures composed of magnesia phosphate and ordinary Portland cement. Materials & Methods: In this study, the experimental soil were contaminated with 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg of lead. Lead-contaminated soils were stabilized by mixing magnesia phosphate and Portland cement in proportions of 25% and 50% by weight. Cement and soil mortars were prepared with water-to-cement ratio 0.5 of distilled water. The performance was assessed using unconfined compressive strength (UCS), toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), initial and final setting and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Results: The results showed that use of magnesia phosphate cement instead of Portland cement could significantly reduce the concentration of lead in TCLP leachate, the setting time and increase the buffer capacity and the formation of crystals in samples containing lead. In 28-day samples containing soil with 5000 mg Pb/kg, Pb concentration in TCLP leachate of samples stabilized with 50% and 25% cement had been determined as 0.41 mg/L and 1.15 mg/L for magnesia phosphate cement and 4.92 mg/L and 12.04 mg/L for Portland cement, respectively. However, using this type of cement instead of Portland cement reduces the compressive strength of 7 and 28 days. Conclusion: The substitution of Portland cement with magnesium phosphate cement for stabilization and solidification of contaminated soil revealed a significant decrease in leachability of heavy metals, setting time, maintenance and equipment cost.}, Keywords = {Magnesia phosphate cement, Lead, Solidification/Stabilization, Soil, Portland ceme}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {257-270}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.3.257}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-855-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-855-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Hatami-manesh, Masoud and Hedayatzadeh, Fariba and Mahmoodi, Nahi}, title = {Contamination, Toxicity and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Coastal Areas of Bushehr Province: A Systematic Review Study}, abstract ={Background: Heavy metals due to their ecological risks and high toxicity to living organisms are considered as one of the most dangerous pollutants. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the level of pollution, toxicity and the ecological risks of heavy metals in the coastal surface sediments of Bushehr province using systematic review. Methods: To conduct this review study, the concentration level of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Bushehr coastal was obtained by searching for published studies during the 9 years (2012-2020) through databases (Springer, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Web of Science, SID, Magiran). Finally, a comprehensive description of heavy metal pollution, toxicity and risks in coastal sediments was investigated using various indicators. Results: As a result of reviewing the extracted studies from the databases, 24 papers were selected. The survey results showed that the order of mean concentration of heavy metals in sediments was as Zn>Ni>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd, and the amount of metals Pollution load index in different coastal sediments ranged from 0.15 to 1.99. The order of ecological risks for metals was observed as Cd>Pb>Ni>Cu>Cr>Zn, and the potential ecological risks for metals was obtained in the range of 3.76-257.38. In addition, the results of Toxic unit analysis and modified Hazard quotient of metals showed that the degree of toxicity and risk of contamination varies from very low to severely contaminated. Conclusion: Based on the findings from the perspective of toxicity control and ecological risks of metals, it is necessary to prevent the transfer of heavy metals, especially Cd, Pb and Ni due to dominant human activities in the coastal areas of Bushehr. Also, due to the maximum pollution load and ecological risks in Bidkhon (Assaluyeh) coasts, pollution sources should be determined to effectively control and manage the entry of pollutants in this area.}, Keywords = {Heavy metals, Surface sediments, Ecological risks, mHQ, Coastal of Bushehr province}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {271-291}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.3.271}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-856-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-856-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Moradnia, Maryam and Ghaderi, Sheno and Noorisepehr, Mohammad and Salari, Mehdi and khani, Delnniya and Darvishmotevalli, Mohamm}, title = {Investigation of Legionella Pneumophila bacteria in hospital water supply systems}, abstract ={Introduction: Legionella Pneumophila bacteria is known as one of the most important nosocomial infections and the most common cause of death in patients. This study was aimed to identify Legionella Pneumophila bacteria in hospital water supply systems. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to identify Legionella pneumophila in hot and cold-water systems of important and sensitive wards of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Divandareh city (neonatal, dialysis, obstetric, gynecological and men's surgery). A total of 60 samples were collected from these sections. Results: According to the results of this study, a total of 17 (28%) of all samples were infected by Legionella pneumophila bacteria in water supply systems including hot showers and cold water in neonatal, dialysis, delivery, surgery. gynecology and men's surgery wards were identified. Conclusion: Lack of proper water treatment system, low residual chlorine content, and presence of biofilm in water supply system and proper temperature range of growth with this bacterium could be the major causes of Legionella contamination in the studied hospital.}, Keywords = {Infection, Legionella, Hospital}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {292-300}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.3.292}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-857-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-857-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {AliAkbari, Alijan and BabaeiSamiromi, Farzam and Arjmandi, Reza and Shojaei, Masoumeh}, title = {Development of a method for evaluating the environmental performance of ports based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)}, abstract ={Background: Evaluating ports' environmental performance as one of the two main parts of the maritime transport system is of great importance. This study was designed and conducted to develop a method for evaluating ports' environmental performance based on the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process. Method: The present study was conducted in 2020 with the participation of 22 experts in the field of environment and marine sciences. The study steps included a comprehensive review of the literature, design of an environmental performance evaluation questionnaire, development of a questionnaire in a Delphi study, and a method for evaluating environmental performance in ports based on a fuzzy hierarchical analysis process. Results: Based on the results of the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process, the final normalized weight for six factors of environmental performance, including reactive performance, active performance, sustainability, socio-cultural, economic, and governance, were estimated to be 0.202, 0.241, 0.226, 0.070, 0.080 and 0.182 respectively. Besides, it was found that each of the parameters in the factors affecting the environmental performance has a different weight and impact. The highest and lowest effects on the environmental performance index in this study belonged to the environmental risk assessment parameters with a weight of 0.217 (active performance factor) and cultural and justice effects with a weight of 0.107 (socio-cultural factor). Conclusion: In this study, a novel method for evaluating ports' environmental performance has been developed based on 6 factors and 32 parameters, and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process approach. Therefore, using this method can be a practical step towards improving the level of environmental performance in ports to achieve the goal of "green port."}, Keywords = {Environmental Performance, Environmental Impacts, Green Port, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Logic.}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {301-313}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.3.301}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-858-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-858-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {SalamiNaserian, Eisa and Cheraghi, Mehrdad and Lorestani, Bahareh and Sobhanardakani, Soheil and KianiSadr, Maryam}, title = {Investigation and Comparison of physicochemical and microbiological parameters between compost and vermicompost producing through windrow method from aerobic digestion sludge of Hamedan wastewater treatment plant}, abstract ={Background & Objective: Compost production is a biological treatment process of organic solid wastes that are used to recovering and volume reducing waste and stabilization programs. The aim of this study was to compare physicochemical and microbiological parameters between compost and vermicompost producing through windrow method from aerobic digestion sludge of Hamedan wastewater treatment plant. Materials & Methods: By using the Windrow method, act to produce compost from the sludge of excreted bed of dryer sludge (lagoon) of Hamedan wastewater treatment plant and mixing with bulk materials. At the same time with this activity, vermicompost production from excreted sludge carried out by using Eisenia fetida for 15 weeks. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software. Results: There is no significant difference in C/N ratio, pH, moisture, ash, organic matter and sodium parameters between compost and vermicompost, but there is a significant difference in Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn and temperature, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, total and fecal coliform parameters between compost and vermicompost producing from aerobic digestion sludge. Also, the average concentrations of heavy metals in both compost and vermicompost produced from aerobic digestion sludge were lower than the MPC established by EPA. Conclusion: Concentrations showed that Ni and Pb, C, N, P, Mg values and microbial population of fecal coliform in producing compost is more from vermicompost and Ni and Cu, Cd, Zn amounts and microbial population of total coliform in producing vermicompost is more from compost producing. Therefore, it is concluded that both compost fertilizers could be appropriate quality for agricultural and horticultural uses.}, Keywords = {Physicochemical and microbiological parameters, Solid waste, Wastewater sludge, Compost, Eisenia fetida}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {314-328}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.3.314}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-859-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-859-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {LajmiriOrak, Zohre and Sabzalipour, Sima and Panahpour, Ebrahim and Attarroshan, Sina and Tavakkoli, Ham}, title = {Investigation of Ecological Risk (ER) and Available Ratio (AR) of some heavy metals in drill cutting of Ahvaz Oil Field in 2019}, abstract ={  Background: Drill cutting is one of the largest volumes of waste generated in oil and gas exploration and production activities, which contain toxic substances, especially heavy metals, which are potentially harmful to the ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the pollution indices, available ratio, and ecological risk of some heavy metals in the Drill cutting of the Ahvaz oil field in southwestern Iran. Methods: 30 samples of drill cutting were collected from 6 wells in 6 different depths (1250-2350 m), and there were sent to the laboratory. The total and available concentration of metals extracted by Aqua Regia method and by DTPA extracting solution and metals were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(AAS). The soil chemical and physical parameters such as organic matter, EC, and pH were also measured. Results: The mean total concentration (Sr, Ba, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in the drill cutting samples studied 1212, 1413, 117.66, 209.83, 342.66, 2.36 mg/Kg, respectively and the available amounts of these elements 12.29, 0.50, 5.14, 14.71, 23.80 and 0.46 mg/kg were measured. The highest amount of enrichment factor 20.61 was related to Pb and the highest amount of pollution index 9.15 was related to Cd, respectively. The highest available ratio (26.40) was related to Cd. The environmental risk potential index (852.91) showed that drill cuttings have very high environmental potential risk. Also, there is a negative correlation between pH and the availability ratios of Pb, Cd, and Ba in drill cutting(p<0.05). Conclusion: The average values ​​of the potential ecological risk index (RI)  of the studied elements in the drill cutting of the Ahvaz oil field were in the range of very high environmental potential risk. The results obtained from the enrichment factor(EF) and the pollution index(PI) showed that the source of contamination of the studied metals is anthropogenic activities such as oil drilling activities in the study area. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the concentration of metal contaminants in the drill cuttings as well as the use of heavy metal stabilization methods in the drilled areas is essential.}, Keywords = {Heavy metals, Pollution factors, Ecological Risk Assessment}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {329-342}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.3.329}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-860-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-860-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Yazdian, Hamed and Jamshidi, Shervi}, title = {Impact of Coronavirus Spread Prevention Actions on Sewage Quantity and Quality}, abstract ={Spread prevention actions (SPAs) during Coronavirus pandemic period, such as increased hand-washing, temporary lock-downs, preventions in transportation, and the reduction of recreational and industrial activities may change the routines in social behaviors. Accordingly, SPAs can be effective on the quality and quantity of raw municipal wastewater. This research evaluates the aforementioned hypothesis and recommends solutions for the proper operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).  Methods: For this purpose, the quantity and quality of sewage in 23 municipal WWTPs in Isfahan province, as the study area, were surveyed and compared from 2015 to 2020. SPSS software (version 23) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Results indicated that the annual growth rate of sewage discharged in the spring and summer of 2020 (period of SPAs) in the study area is 24% more than the average of annual growth rate in long-term (2015-2019). This increase is 45% in small WWTPs, while it is only 5% in large WWTPs. Results also revealed that the concentration of chemical oxidation demand (COD) of sewage was reduced 24% on average in this period. In addition, the biodegradability of wastewater is increased in large WWTPs mainly due to the decrease of industrial activities. Conclusion: Therefore, SPAs in the pandemic period of Coronavirus could increase the quantity of municipal wastewater and reduce its COD concentrations. These variations may provide more appropriate operational conditions for waste stabilization ponds rather than activated sludge units.}, Keywords = {Coronavirus, COVID-19, Isfahan, Wastewater treatment, Water consumption}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {343-357}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.4.343}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-871-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-871-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Pourmoslemi, Hassan and Farzadkia, Mahdi and Rezaei, Roshanak and yegane, Mojtaba and Hoseini, Mahdi and Gholami, Mitr}, title = {Application of Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for the removal of 2,4-D Pesticide from aqueous Environment by Electro-photo catalytic Process}, abstract ={Increasing use of pesticides along with an inadequate discharging of agricultural effluents has polluted water resources and severely affected the environment. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the herbicides which is widely used all over the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of an electro-photo catalytic process for the removal of the 2,4-D from aqueous media. In this regard, Zn-doped Ni anode was stabilized on FTO surface by sputtering method. Materials and methods: In the present study, the effects of different variables on the efficiency of the electro-photo catalytic process such as pH (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11), electricity current (1-2 mA/cm2), electrode surface area (16-32 cm2), initial concentration of 2,4-D (10-50 mg/L) and retention time (0-90 min) were investigated in a batch model and on a laboratory scale. Besides, mineralization and kinetics of the process under the optimal conditions were studied. The residual concentration of 2,4-D was measured by HPLC at 283 nm. Results: The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of 2,4-D was obtained under the following conditions: pH=7, electricity current=2 mA/cm2, electrode surface area=32 cm2, initial concentration=10 mg/L and retention time=90 min. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum removal efficiency (i.e., 100%) and TOC of 79.5% were achieved. In addition, the kinetic studies revealed that the current process followed the first-kinetic-order model. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the applied electro-photo catalytic process can be considered as a suitable method for the removal of 2,4-D in aqueous solutions.}, Keywords = {2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Electro-photo catalytic process, UV light.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {358-374}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.4.358}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-872-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-872-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {ZehtabYazdi, Yaser and Mansouri, Nabiollah and Atabi, Farideh and Aghamohammadi, Hossei}, title = {Dispersion Modeling of Particulate Matters (PM2.5, PM10) from Asphalt Plants in the Southwest of Tehran}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems. Asphalt plants are the sources of air pollutants, especially particulate matters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emission rate of PM2.5 and PM10 emitted from asphalt plants in the southwest of city of Tehran, also the present study was conducted to estimate the dispersion of particulate matters concentrations on surranding areas of a mining complex and city of Tehran. Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was performed on the asphalt plants in a mining complex in the southwest of Tehran. In this study, at first the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 emitted from asphalt plants located in the southwest of Tehran were calculated using emission factors suggested by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Then, the dispersion of particulate matters concentrations was estimated on the surrounding areas of the mining complex with a radius of 50 km using the AERMOD model for the average times of 24 hours and annually using emission rate, meteorology and topography data. At last, the simulated concentrations were compared to EPA and WHO standards. Results: The maximum particulate matter concentrations are in the mining complex, and is gradually reduced by moving away from it. Dispersion of particles in the directions of dominant winds has been uniform. The maximum PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations have been estimated about 1 µg/m3 and 2 µg/m3 in Qods, 1 µg/m3 and 2 µg/m3 in Shahriyar, 0.6 µg/m3 and 1 µg/m3 in Andisheh and 0.2 µg/m3 and 0.4 µg/m3 in Tehran respectively in a 24-hour period. The amount of PMs that reached the west of Tehran continues to the eastern regions of the city. PMs concentrations were not significant in the average annual period. Conclusion: Although dust emission rate from asphalt plants in the southwest of Tehran is acceptable, but it affects on the air quality in the surrounding areas of the mining complex and to some extent in Tehran. The cumulative effects of different industries can increase the potential health risks in the communities vicinity of this mining complex.  }, Keywords = {Dust, Asphalt, Air pollution, Tehran}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {375-390}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.4.375}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-873-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-873-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rostambiek, Zynab and Godini, Hatam and Noorisepehr, Mohammad and Sayadi, Mojtab}, title = {Assessment of surface and groundwater quality of Latian dam catchment using water quality index}, abstract ={:Surface and groundwater are important vital resources around the world. This study examines the quality of surface and groundwater resources in the catchment area of Latian Dam during the years 1396 to 1398 using GIS tools and water quality indices. materials and ways :In order to evaluate the quality of water resources, samples were taken from 10 selected stations in two rainy and low rainfall seasons during three years and the physical, chemical and microbial parameters of the samples were evaluated. Then, using water quality indicators and hydrogeochemical characteristics, the quality of water resources was determined and the zoning map of the indicators was prepared using ArcGIS software. The resulting hydrogeochemical data were also interpreted using Piper, Schuler, Wilcox graphical diagrams and statistical analysis. Findings and Conclusions :The results show that on average, during the rainy seasons, the whole region had good quality (30.644). For surface water stations, 3 stations in high rainfall season were of excellent quality (44.243), 2 stations in low rainy season were of excellent quality (40.145) and other stations were of good quality (69.92). According to the piper diagram, the samples are in two states Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO3 and the results of the study of cation and anion combination are mainly Ca-Mg-HCO3. Correlation coefficient between the main variables, there was a significant relationship between IRWQIGC groundwater and its GWQI (r = 0.87) and between IRWQISC surface water and its WQI (r = 0.68) but there is no significant relationship between groundwater and surface water quality. The average groundwater quality during the study period was good (29.143).}, Keywords = {Water Quality Index, Groundwater Quality Index, Piper 3D Diagram, Latian Dam Watershed, ArcGIS}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {391-411}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.4.391}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-874-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-874-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Khosravi, Masoumeh and Attaran, Ehsan and Bahramifar, Nader}, title = {Measurement of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water and Estimation of Potential Metal Hazards on the Life of Anzali wetland in 2017}, abstract ={Anzali Wetland is one of the most important international wetlands located on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. This wetland is habitat to valuable fish, aquatic animals and birds that are of ecological and economic importance. As a result of the increasing industrialization of wetlands, concerns about the impact of human activities on the survival of these valuable ecosystems are increasing. As a result of this study, the aim is to measure the pollution of some heavy metals in the water of the wetland and to estimate the potential risk of metals on the life of the wetland. Materials and Methods: Water samples were collected from three parts of east, west and center of the wetland. The collected samples were poured into polyethylene containers, then pH of the samples was lowered below 2 with nitric acid and transferred to the laboratory and kept at 4 ° C until the final tests. To analyze the samples, an atomic absorption spectroscopy device equipped with a graphic furnace made by GBC Company from Australia, Sens AA model was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19 software Results: The results indicate that the highest concentration of all studied metals was observed in the eastern part of the wetland. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the wetland water were 4.943 for cadmium, 9.924 for lead, 82.4 μg / L for mercury and 0.115 for zinc and 0.03 mg / l for copper in the eastern part of the wetland, respectively. . In this study, the order of concentrations of the studied metals in water samples in all three regions was reported as Cu> Pb> Cd> Hg> Zn. Comparison between the concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc metals studied with world health standards (WHO) showed that these values were lower than the standard level while the concentration of mercury in the water of this wetland was 99% (P <0.001). ) Was higher than the standard. Also, the concentration of all studied elements in the water of Anzali wetland is in the range of no potential danger or low potential danger in both acute and chronic conditions. Conclusion: The report of high concentration of metals in the eastern part indicates that the most pollution is in the eastern part of the wetland and this area is affected by various human activities. Also, the comparison of the present results with the previous results indicates an increasing trend, and unless special measures are taken by the relevant organizations, we will see the destruction of this valuable wetland in the not too distant future.}, Keywords = {Pollution, Heavy metals, Water, Potential hazard}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {412-424}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.4.412}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-875-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-875-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {MollaiTavani, Sakineh and Dehghanifard, Emad and Rafiee, Mohammad and TabatabaiRezaei, Seyed Jamal}, title = {Evaluation of the efficiency of P4VP-Fe3O4 nanocomposite on the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solutions}, abstract ={Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used in various treatments including inflammatory disorders, pain relief and fever. The permanent presence of these compounds in water resources and possible adverse effects due to toxicological and chemical properties is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the efficiency of P4VP-Fe3O4 nanocomposite on the removal of diclofenac from aqueous solutions. Methods: Adsorbent properties were determined by TEM, SEM, VSM and FTIR techniques. Effect of independent variables such as pH (3-9), adsorbent dose (0.1-2 g/L), contaminant concentration (2-20 mg/L), mixing speed (100-250 rpm), temperature (25-40°C) and the presence of interfering ions (120 min) were investigated. The adsorption process was evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich, Tamkin isotherm models, and kinetic models of the adsorption process as well as thermodynamic studies. Results: Results showed that by examining the size and shape of P4VP-Fe3O4 composite, the composite had properties such as nano range size, polygonal structure and non-uniform shape. The peak of the pyridine ring in the results of FT-IR analysis of P4VP@Fe3O4 composite indicated the presence of C=C bands. In the adsorption process, the optimal removal conditions for diclofenac (contaminant concentration 15 mg/L, pH=5, contact time 75 min, adsorbent dose 1 g/L), the maximum removal efficiency of diclofenac 93.34% and adsorption capacity (qe) 9.33 mg/g was obtained. Also, the study of adsorption isotherm and kinetics showed that diclofenac adsorption followed Freundlich isotherm (R2 <0.956) and quasi-quadratic kinetic model (R2 <0.976). The results of thermodynamics also showed a spontaneous reaction. Conclusion: P4VP-Fe3O4 composite can be used as an effective and useful adsorbent in the adsorption of diclofenac and pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous media due to its advantages such as simple and fast separation, recyclable, cost-effective and high removal efficiency.}, Keywords = {Adsorption, P4VP-Fe3O4 composite, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Diclofenac, Aqueous solution.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {425-449}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.4.425}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-876-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-876-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Masoomi, Bahm}, title = {The Study of Pre-ozonation effects on Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Drinking Water}, abstract ={Background and objectives:Pre-ozonation in water treatment is used for various purposes such as; improving the coagulation process, reducing the production of trihalomethanes, color removal, removal of iron and manganese, control of microorganisms, and removal of organic matter. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of pre-ozonation on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of drinking water. Methods:This study on a real scale was conducted on the pre-ozonation unit of the Koohsabz drinking water treatment plant for 6 months. In this study, sampling of raw water entering the pre-ozonation unit and ozonized water was done randomly with glass sampling containers. 4 samples per month and a total of 24 samples were taken to evaluate the trends of changes in the parameters. The necessary tests according to the method presented in the standard method book (twentieth edition) on the samples have been done to investigate the effects of pre-ozonation on the physicochemical and biological parameters. Results: The studies showed that the turbidity and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) removal efficiency in the pre-ozonation process of the Koohsabz drinking water treatment plant was about 62% and 18. 83%, respectively, and it has no effect on pH. Also, the removal rate of Fe and Mn in the pre-ozonation process was 91.5 and 82%, respectively. Evaluate the effectiveness of pre-ozonation in watercolor removal showed that, by increasing the dosage and the concentration of ozone injection, significant changes did not occur on further reduction of color and color precursors and the removal rate of color precursor compounds, such as the chlorophyll a, is about 21%. Conclusion:The results indicated that ozone could not change any physical parameters such as pH and color, but it has a significant effect on the chemical properties and reduced biological parameters by about 21%.}, Keywords = {Pre-ozonation, Koohsabz Water Refinery, Physicochemical and biological properties, Water quality, removal efficiency}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {450-464}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.4.450}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-877-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-877-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {NooriSepehr, Mohammad and Jafari, Narges and MolaeiTavani, Sakineh}, title = {Assessing the quality of water output from desalination plants and water tankers in Qom and comparison with national standards and WHO}, abstract ={  Background: With the increase in recent droughts and shortage of drinking water resources led to planning to desalinate water and set up mobile stations. The purpose of this study is to determine the microbial and physicochemical quality of water discharged from desalination plants and tankers in Qom. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for one year with monthly sampling of water from domestic water purifiers and mobile tankers. Samples were analyzed for microbial contamination and physicochemical quality (pH, TDS, turbidity and chlorination) according to standard methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software and compared with the standards. Results: Positive values of fecal coliform contamination was 13.34% in tankers and 4.35% in domestic water purifiers. The pH, TDS, turbidity was in accordance with the national and WHO standards. T-TEST statistical analysis showed, microbial quality of water had a significant relation with variables of dewatering containers (P<0.021), tank washing (P<0.001), outlet valve contamination (P<0.011), contact with dust (P<0.014), the personal health of the distributor (P<0.026), temperature (P<0.033), water retention time (P<0.019) and environmental sanitation (P<0.003). ). . But there was no significant difference in the distribution of water between tankers and desalination plants (P < 0.068). Conclusion: By preventing secondary pollution, the water quality of these places can be considered desirable. Therefore, periodic and regular water evaluation and training on maintenance and health issues should always be considered}, Keywords = {Water quality, standards, desalination, tanker, Qom.}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {465-476}, publisher = {Alborz University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.52547/jehe.8.4.465}, url = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-878-en.html}, eprint = {http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-878-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Health Engineering}, issn = {2383-3211}, eissn = {2588-4239}, year = {2021} }