1398 0 HSE Special Issue 26 119

مقایسه تجمع برخی فلزات سنگین در اندام‌های مختلف کفال طلایی (Liza auratus) در سواحل نوشهر و ارزیابی خطر مصرف آن در سال 1395 Comparison of Accumulation of Some heavy Metals in Different Tissues of Liza auratus from the Coasts of Nowshahr and Its Consumption Risk Assessment in 2016 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آلودگی فلزات سنگین در محیط زیست با سرعت نگران کننده­­ای رو به رشد است و به یک مشکل مهم در سراسر جهان تبدیل شده است. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین توزیع غلظت فلزات انتخابی (کادمیوم، سرب، روی و مس) در کبد، آبشش، کلیه و عضله کفال طلایی در نوشهر در جنوب دریاچه خزر و نیز ارزیابی خطر مصرف مرتبط با آن بود. مواد و روش­ها: در مجموع 42 نمونه به طور تصادفی از نوشهر در خرداد 1395 با استفاده از تور پره ساحلی جمع آوری و سپس به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین در بافت­های ماهی با استفاده از دستگاه جذب اتمی  به روش کوره گرافیتی انجام شد. یافته­ ها: نتایج نشان داد که تجمع فلزات در بافت کبد بالاتر از کلیه، آبشش و عضله برای همه فلزات بود و غلظت روی نسبت به کادمیوم، سرب و مس در تمام بافت­های مورد مطالعه بالاتر بود. حداکثر غلظت سرب؛ 94/2، کادمیوم؛ 18/1، مس؛ 46/15 و روی؛ 54/141 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم در کبد مشاهده شد؛ درحالی‌که کمترین میزان فلزات سرب؛ 10/1، کادمیوم؛ 67/0، مس؛ 54/9 و روی؛ 85/33 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم در عضله کفال ماهی اندازه­ گیری شد. ارزیابی خطر سلامت انسان براساس جذب روزانه (Estimated daily intake) و پتانسیل خطر (Target hazard quotients) نشان داد که جذب فلزات با مصرف عضله ماهی منجر به خطر قابل ملاحظه ­ای برای انسان نمی­شود. نتیجه ­گیری: غلظت فلزات سنگین در عضله­ کفال طلایی کمتر از حداکثر حد مجاز استاندارد سازمان بهداشت جهانی WHO بود. بااین‌حال، نتایج نشان داد که غلظت بالای برخی فلزات سنگین در کبد، آبشش و کلیه برای کفال طلایی هشداردهنده و در حال حاضر یک خطر قابل‌ملاحظه برای سلامت انسان است. بااین‌وجود، نیاز به بررسی­ های بیشتر در مطالعات آینده دارد. 2 Background and Objectives: Pollution of heavy metals in the environment is growing at an alarming rate and has become an important worldwide problem. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of selected metal concentrations (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) in the liver, gill, kidney and muscle of Liza auratus from Nowshahr the south Caspian Sea and to evaluate risks associated with its consumption. Methods: A total of 42 samples were collected randomly from the Nowshahr in June 2016 using beach-seine and then transported to the laboratory. The determination of heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues was carried out using a Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The results showed that metal accumulation in the liver tissues was higher than in the kidney, gill and muscle for all metals, and Zn concentration was higher than Cd, Pb and Cu in all the studied tissues. The maximum concentration of Pb; 2.94, Cd; 1.18, Cu; 15.46 and Zn; 141.54 mg/kg was observed in the liver, while the lowest level of metals were Pb; 1.10, Cd; 0.67, Cu; 9.54 and Zn; 33.85 mg/kg in the muscle of L. auratus. Potential health risk assessments based on estimated daily intake (EDI) values and target hazard quotient (THQ) indicated that the intakes of metals by consuming of fish muscle do not result in an appreciable hazard risk for the human body. Conclusion: Heavy metal concentrations in the muscle of L. auratus were below the maximum permissible limit of WHO. However, the results indicated that the high concentrations of some heavy metals in liver, gill and kidney for L. auratus is alarming and do present an appreciable hazard risk on human health. Nevertheless, this requires further examination in future. 1 14 2020/02/29 1398/12/10 2020/02/29 1398/12/10 عیسی سلگی Eisa Solgi دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران e.solgi@malayeru.ac.ir حسین علی پور Hossein Alipour دانشجوی دکتری گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران فرشید مجنونی Farshid Majnooni دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سنندج، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، سنندج، ایران ایران Heavy metals Liza auratus Caspian Sea فلزات سنگین کفال طلایی دریاچه خزر 1. Ebrahimpour M, Mushrifah I. Heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments in Tasik Chini, a freshwater lake, Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess 2008; 141: 297–307.##2. Ebrahimpour M. An Introduction to Sea Pollution. Novin Andishe. 2011; 232 pp. [in Persian].##3. Heath A.G. Water pollution and fish pHysiology. CRC.Press. Boston, USA. 1987; 245 p.##4. Dabiri, M. Environmental Pollution, Ettehad Publishing. 2003; 399 pp. [in Persian].##5. 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شناسایی و تعیین میزان آلودگی آفلاتوکسین B1 در آرد و سبوس گندم کارخانجات استان البرز Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Wheat Flours Factories of Alborz Province, Iran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: یکی از عوامل اصلی فساد و تجزیه مواد غذایی قارچ‌ها هستند. عفونت‌های قارچی در گیاهان منجر به کاهش بازده و کیفیت محصول می‌شود که این امر زیان‌های اقتصادی را به دنبال خواهد داشت. آفلاتوکسین‌ها متابولیت‌های ثانویه قارچی هستند که در شرایط مناسب می‌توانند مواد غذایی انسان و حیوان را آلوده نمایند، که این مسئله به عنوان یک مشکل بزرگ در زمینه بهداشت و سلامت عمومی در نظر گرفته می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین میزان آلودگی آفلاتوکسین B1 در آرد و سبوس گندم کارخانجات استان البرز می‌باشد.   روش بررسی: در این تحقیق 180 نمونه آرد گندم در طی فصل تابستان در سه نوبت و همزمان از 20 کارخانه از سه محصول آرد تولیدی تافتون و لواش، آرد بربری و آرد سنگک  و بصورت مجزا 60 نمونه سبوس گندم از 20 کارخانه فعال آرد سازی استان البرز جمع آوری شد. نمونه‌های جمع آوری شده از لحاظ آلودگی به آفلاتوکسین B1 توسط HPLC مورد سنجش و بررسی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 16 و آزمون ANOVA یک طرفه انجام شد. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، 144 نمونه از 180 نمونه آرد مورد بررسی و 54 نمونه از 60 نمونه سبوس گندم، به آفلاتوکسین B1 آلوده بودند. آلودگی مذکور در محدوده مجاز استاندارد جهانی و سازمان استاندارد ایران قرار داشت. بیشترین میزان میانگین غلظت آفلاتوکسین B1 در آرد سنگگ 5/0، آرد بربری 4/0 و آرد لواش 3/0  نانو گرم بر گرم (ng/g) تعیین گردید. همچنین بیشترین مقادیر این سم در سبوس گندم ng/g 99/0 شناسایی شد. نتیجه گیری: تمامی نمونه‌های مورد بررسی در این مطالعه از نظر میزان آفلاتوکسین B1 در حد مجاز تعیین شده توسط استاندارد ملی ایران و استاندارد جهانی در حد قابل مصرف بود، بنابراین به عنوان عاملی نگران کننده مطرح نیست و خطری مصرف کنندگان را تهدید نمی کند. 2 Background: Fungi are one of the main causes of degradation in feeds and foodstuffs. Fungal infections in plants can result in reduced yield and quality of the products, which lead to economic losses. AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) is a secondary fungal metabolite produced in proper conditions. It is considered as a public health concern due to its adverse effect on human and animal. This study was carried out to determination of AFB1 in wheat flour and wheat bran samples of Alborz province factories. Methods: A total of 180 wheat flour and 60 wheat bran samples were collected from 20 Alborz province factories. HPLC method with immune-affinity chromatography was applied to measure AFB1 in three types of flour including Barbary, Tafton, and Sangag (A, B, and C). It was performed both in different manufactures and within three groups of flours regardless of the type of manufactures. Statistical analysis was conducted by the One-way ANOVA with post-hoc test. Results: According to the findings, 144 out of 180 wheat flour samples and 54 out of 60 wheat bran samples were found to be contaminated with AFB1. The amount of AFB1 in wheat flour and wheat bran samples was detected to be 0.01-0.5 ng/g and 0.06-0.99 ng/g, respectively. The highest means of AFB1 in Sangag, Barbary, and Tafton flours from different manufactures were 0.5, 0.4 and, 0.3 ng/g, respectively. In addition, no significant difference was found within three groups of Barbary (A), Tafton (B), and Sangag (C) flours samples (p>0.05). Despite the contamination of wheat flour and wheat bran samples, there was no contamination higher than the standard limit of Iran Standard Institute (ISRI) and European Union (EU) 2 ng/g, 5 ng/g, respectively. Conclusions: Since wheat flours are widely used in foods preparation, determination of contamination with AFB1 in wheat-based products is highly essential in order to prevent the potential adverse effects on health. As the level of AB1 in the current study was low, it is not a serious concern for consumers at this time. 15 23 2020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 2020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 مهدی جهانبخش Mehdi Jahanbakhsh معاونت غذا و دارو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران افشین افشار Afshin Afshar معاونت غذا و دارو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران fshnfshr@gmail.com شراره مومنی فعلی Sharare Momeni Feeli معاونت غذا و دارو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران طاهره ابراهیمی Tahereh Ebrahimi معاونت غذا و دارو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران مرتضی میرزایی Morteza Mirzaei معاونت غذا و دارو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران ملیحه فرید Maliheh Farid مرکز تحقیقات بیماری‌های غیر واگیر دار دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران مهدیه پابست Mahdieh Pabast گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران Aflatoxin B1 Wheat Flour Wheat bran & HPLC آفلاتوکسین B1 آردگندم سبوس گندم HPLC 1. Iqbal SZ, Rabbani T, Asi MR, Jinap S. 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ارزیابی ریسک و مدلسازی توزیع مکانی آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک سطحی اطراف معدن منگنز ونارچ به روش شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی Risk Assessment and Spatial Modeling of Heavy Metals Contamination in Topsoil around Venarj Manganese Mine by Artificial Neural Networks Method 1 1 زمینه و هدف: هدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی آلودگی احتمالی فلزات سنگین در خاک اطراف معدن ونارچ استان قم با استفاده از شاخص ­های آلودگی و روش شبکه­ های عصبی مصنوعی است. مواد و روش­ها: به منظور بررسی وضعیت آلودگی در اطراف معدن ونارچ استان قم، در محدوده­ای به وسعت 22 کیلومتر مربع تعداد 70 نمونه خاک برداشت شد و سپس غلظت کل فلزات منگنز، سرب، روی، مس و نیکل در نمونه­ ها اندازه­ گیری شد. جهت کمی کردن خطر آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین از شاخص­ زمین­ انباشتگی(Igeo)، فاکتور آلودگی(CF) و شاخص بار آلودگی(PLI) و نیز شاخص ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی استفاده شد. همچنین به منظور پهنه ­بندی آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین، مدل­سازی آلودگی خاک با استفاده از روش شبکه­ های عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) صورت گرفت. یافته­ ها: نتایج حاصل از بکارگیری شاخص­ ها نشان داد که خاک منطقه ونارچ به فلزات منگنز و سرب و تا حدی فلز مس در اثر فعالیت­های معدن­ کاری آلوده است. اما در ارتباط با دو فلز روی و نیکل غنی­ شدگی قابل توجهی مشاهده نشد. ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی نشان داد که بیشترین خطر سرطان زایی و غیرسرطان زایی مربوط به عنصر سرب است و خطر سرطان زایی در کودکان بیش از بزرگسالان به دست آمد. بررسی نقشه­ های توزیع پراکندگی این عناصر بیانگر این نکته بود که حداکثر غلظت فلزات سنگین مورد بررسی در غرب (محوطه استخراجی معدن) و جنوب ­غرب منطقه (محدوده سنگ­شکن) رخ داده است. همچنین غلظت تمام فلزات در نمونه­ های خاک سطحی منطقه ونارچ با افزایش فاصله از معدن کاهش پیدا کرده است که این نتیجه نیز تأییدی بر منشأ معدنی آن­ها می­باشد. نتیجه­ گیری: نتایج نشان داد که غلظت منگنز و مس و به ویژه سرب در خاک اطراف معدن منگنز ونارچ بواسطه فعالیت­های معدنی افزایش یافته است. بیشترین اثر منفی زیست ­محیطی و بهداشتی معدن نیز از افزایش غلظت سرب در خاک منشأ می گیرد. 2 Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the probable heavy metals contamination in topsoil surrounding Venarj mine in Qom province using contamination indices and artificial neural networks method. Material and methods:  in order to evaluate the contamination status around Venarj mine in Qom province, 70 soil samples were collected in an area of 22 Km2, and  the total average concentration of Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni was measured. The indices of geoaccumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index and human health risk assessment index were applied to quantify the risk of soil contamination with heavy metals. Also multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks method was used to determine the spatial pattern of soil contamination with heavy metals. Results: Applying contamination indices indicated that the soil of the Venarj area was contaminated with Mn and Pb and to some extent with Cu due to mining activities. However, no significant enrichment of Zn and Ni was observed. Human health risk assessment indicated that the highest risk of carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic were associated with Pb, where carcinogenic risk was higher in children than adults. Spatial distribution patterns of the elements demonstrated that the maximum concentration of heavy metals was observed in western (extraction region) and southwestern (crusher region) areas. Distance increasing from mine decreased the concentration of all metals in topsoil samples, indicating their mining source. Conclusion: The results revealed that the topsoil concentration of Mn and Cu and especially Pb around the Venarj manganese mine was increased due to the mining activities. The most negative environmental and health effects of the mine resulted from higher concentration of Pb in the soil. 24 44 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 ملیحه عباس زاده Maliheh Abbaszadeh استادیار گروه معدن دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران ایران : Abbaszadeh@kashanu.ac.ir روح الله میرزایی Rouhollah Mirzaei دانشیار گروه محیط زیست دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران ایران اسراء بختیاری Asra Bakhtiari فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران ایران Pollution Index Human Health Risk Assessment Artificial Neural Networks Method Venarj Manganese Mine شاخص آلودگی ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی روش شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی معدن منگنز ونارچ 1. Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H. Trace elements in soils and plants: CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 413p.; 2001.##2. Giusquiani PL, Pagliai M, Businelli D, Benetti A. 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بررسی میزان رعایت استانداردهای ساختاری و عملکردی در واحدهای استریلیزاسیون بیمارستان‌های آموزشی-درمانی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان سال 98-97 Investigating the Compliance of Structural and Functional Standard in sterilization Units in Educational-Therapeutic Hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2019-2018 1 1 مقدمه: با توجه به اهمیت استانداردها در بهبود کیفیت مراکز خدمات بهداشتی­ درمانی و نقش برجسته واحدهای استریلیزاسیون در کنترل عفونت­ های بیمارستانی بالاخص عفونت­ های محل جراحی ، مطالعه­ای باهدف"بررسی میزان رعایت استانداردهای ساختاری و عملکردی در واحدهای استریلیزاسیون بیمارستان­های آموزشی­ درمانی استان گیلان" انجام شد. مواد و روش­ها: این پژوهش از نوع مقطعی-تحلیلی است که در سال 1398-1397 در بیمارستان­ های آموزشی درمانی گیلان مجهز به واحد استریلیزاسیون با استفاده از چک لیست ساختاری در دو بعد فضای فیزیکی و تجهیزات انجام شد. 30نفر پرسنل شاغل در واحدها به روش سرشماری و 360 درجه با استفاده از چک لیست عملکردی در 5 بعد رعایت اصول بهداشت،پاکسازی، بسته بندی، کنترل چرخه، نگهداری و انبار وارد مطالعه شدند. داده­ ها پس از جمع آوری با استفاده از نرم افزار spss نسخه22 مورد تجزیه تحیل قرار گرفت. یافته­ ها: در­واحدهای مورد پژوهش دربعد فیزیکی 1/61درصد و تجهیزات 92/71درصد استانداردها رعایت و اختلاف معنادارای بین واحدهای مختلف از حیث ابعادساختاری وجود داشت(001/0 P<). همچنین میانگین عملکرد پرسنل شاغل 4/84درصد تخمین زده شد که بعد اصول بهداشت ضعیفترین میزان رعایت را به خود اختصاص داده است. همچنین بین عملکرد افراد و سن رابطه معنی­دار منفی و بین عملکردو طول دوره­ی آموزشی شان رابطه معنی­ دار مثبت مشاهده شد. نتیجه ­گیری: لزوم بازنگری فضاها و از بین بردن نقص تجهیزات کنترلی جهت اطمینان ازعملکرددستگاه­ها، همچنین بکارگیری نیروهای علاقه­ مند و جوان و برگزاری دوره­ های آموزشی در فواصل منظم با استفاده از یک سیستم نظارتی مستمر برای ارتقای هر چه بیشتر استانداردها توصیه می­گردد. 2 Background: Considering the importance of standards in improving the quality of health care centers and the role of sterilization units in controlling hospital infections, especially surgical site infections, a study is done with the goal of investigating compliance of structural and functional standards in sterilization units in educational hospitals in Guilan province. Method: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the educational hospital of Guilan in 2019-2018 with a sterilization unit using a structured checklist in two dimensions of physical space and equipment. 30 personnel working in units using 360-degree and census method were selected using a functional checklist in 5 dimensions of health, cleaning, packing, cycle control, maintenance and storage. The data were analyzed after collection using SPSS software version22. Result: Physical dimension had 61/1% and equipment dimension had 71/92% of the standards. There was significant difference between different units in terms of structural dimensions (P<0.001). Also, the average performance of the employed personnel was 84/4%, which followed the principles of hygiene the weakest observation rate. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between age and performance and there was a significant positive correlation between performance, and their training course. Conclusion: The need to review spaces and eliminate defects in control equipment to ensure the functioning of the devices, as well as the use of interested and young forces and the organization of regular training courses are recommended using a continuous monitoring system to promote the highest standards. 45 56 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 لیلا ساداتی Leila Sadati 1مربی، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران صدیقه حنانی sedigheh Hanani 2 مربی، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران نمام علی آزادی Namam ali Azadi استادیار،دانشکده بهداشت، گروه آمار زیستی دانشگاه ایران، تهران، ایران ایران افسانه عسکرخواه Afsaneh Askarkhah دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد،دانشکده پیراپزشکی،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران : afsanehask7@gmail.com Sterilization Infection control Standard استریلیزاسیون کنترل عفونت استاندارد بیمارستان 1. 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تحلیل کیفیت هوا براساس ذرات معلق PM2.5 و PM10 با دو روش USEPA-AQI و IND-AQI و فاکتور EF در شهر اهواز در سال‌های 1395 و 1396 Analysis of air quality based on particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by using two methods USEPA-AQI and IND-AQI and EF Factor in Ahwaz city in 2016 and 2017 1 1 زمینه و هدف: وضعیت نامطلوب کیفیت هوا یکی از مهم­ترین مشکلات محیط­زیستی است که بسیاری از شهرهای دنیا را به چالش کشیده است. در مطالعه حاضر با توجه به اهمیت ذرات معلق به عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین آلاینده­های اتمسفر شهر اهواز، هدف اصلی ارزیابی وضعیت کیفیت هوای این شهر از نظر ذرات معلق (PM10 و PM2.5) در سال­های 1395 و 1396 است. مواد و روش­ها: ابتدا داده­های مربوط به دو آلاینده از شبکه کنترل کیفیت هوای اهواز تهیه شد. برای بررسی وضعیت ذرات معلق و نیز تعیین سهم هر کدام از آلاینده­ ها در افت کیفیت هوا و نیز تعیین آلاینده مسئول از روش­ های USEPA-AQI و IND-AQI و نیز فاکتور بیشینه استفاده شد. یافته­ ها: میانگین غلظت سالانه برای PM10 و PM2.5 به ترتیبµg/m3  35/165 و µg/m3 26/58 مشاهده شد. براساس نتایج شاخص کیفیت هوای اهواز در این دوره براساس غلظت آلاینده PM10، 27 روز و براساس غلظت آلاینده PM2.5 در کل روزها وضعیت ناسالم بوده است. مقایسه غلظت فصلی آلاینده ­ها با استاندارد NAAQS نشان داد که دو آلاینده در تمام فصول از حد مجاز NAAQS بیشتر است. طبقه ­بندی کیفی هوا براساس IND-AQI نشان داد در تمام فصول کیفیت هوا در سطح ضعیف بوده است که براساس USEPA-AQI این وضعیت هوای اهواز کیفیت هوای ناسالم و ناسالم برای گروه­ های حساس را ایجاد کرده است. مقایسه دو روش نشان داد که IND-AQI در منطقه 90/273 و آلاینده شاخص PM10 است ولی براساس USEPA-AQI، آلاینده شاخص PM2.5 با مقدار AQI 93/136 بود. فاکتور EF نیز تأیید کننده نتایج روش IND-AQI بود و نشان داد که آلاینده مسئول در کاهش کیفیت هوا به وضعیت ضعیف و بحرانی در این دو سال، آلاینده PM10 است. نتیجه ­گیری: بنابراین براساس یافته­ ها نظارت و پایش مستمر کیفیت هوا به ویژه از نظر آلاینده PM10 یکی از استراتژی­ های اصلی برای کنترل آلودگی هوا در این شهر است. 2 Background: The undesirable condition of air quality is one of the most important environmental problems that have challenged many of the world's cities. In this study, considering the importance of particle matter as one of the most important atmospheric pollutants in Ahwaz, the main objective is the air quality assessment of this city in terms of PM2.5 and PM10 in 2016-2017. Methods: The air pollution data were obtained from the Ahwaz Air Quality monitoring network. To check the status of suspended particles and determination of the contribution of each pollutant to air quality decline and also determine the responsible pollutant, USEPA-AQI and IND-AQI methods and Exceedance Factor were used. Results: The mean annual concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 165.35 µg/m3 and 58.26 µg/m3, respectively. According to the results of the Ahwaz air quality index during this period, in terms of the PM10 pollutant concentration, 27 days and based on the concentration of PM2.5 pollutant in the total days, the condition were unhealthy. Comparison of seasonal concentrations of pollutants with NAAQS showed that the pollutants were higher than the NAAQS limit in all seasons. The air quality classification based on IND-AQI showed that the air quality level was poor in all seasons, and based on the USEPA-AQI, this condition of Ahwaz air has been created unhealthy air quality and Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups. Comparison of two methods showed that IND-AQI in the region was 273/90 and the responsible pollutant is PM10 but according to USEPA-AQI method, the responsible pollutant was PM2.5 with 136.93 AQI value. The EF factor also confirmed the results of the IND-AQI method and showed that the responsible pollutant in reducing air quality to poor and critical condition during these two years is PM10 contaminant. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the findings continuous monitoring of air quality, especially in terms of PM10 pollutant, is one of the main strategies for controlling air pollution in this city. 57 75 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 فریبا هدایت زاده Fariba Hedayatzadeh دانشجوی دکترای محیط زیست، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران علیرضا ایلدرمی Alireza Ildoromi دانشیار، گروه مدیریت آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران نسرین حسن زاده Nasrin Hassanzadeh استادیار، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران nasrinhassanzadeh@gmail.com Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) Air Quality Index Exceedance factor Ahvaz city ذرات معلق (PM10 و PM2.5) شاخص کیفیت هوا فاکتور بیشینه شهر اهواز 1. Shahsavani A, Naddafi K, Haghighifard NJ, et al. 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ارزیابی و مدیریت ریسک زیست محیطی صنایع فولاد به روش EFMEA (مطالعه موردی: کارخانه ذوب و فولاد اردکان) Assessment and Management of Environmental Risks of Steel Industries by EFMEA Method (Case Study: Ardakan Steel and Melting factory) 1 1 زمینه: صنایعی چون فولاد در کنار تولید ثروت و پیشرفت اقتصادی مشکلات زیست محیطی فراوانی چون آلودگی هوا، آب، خاک و تولید پسماند ایجاد می­ کنند. از آنجا که حفاظت از محیط زیست یکی از ارکان توسعه پایدار محسوب می­ شود بنابراین باید راهکارهایی اتخاذ گردد که در ضمن کاهش خطرات زیست محیطی، صنعت موجود را به سمت توسعه پایدار پیش ببرد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی و مدیریت ریسک زیست محیطی شرکت ذوب و فولاد اردکان با استفاده از روش EFMEA  می­باشد. مواد و روش: در ابتدا با بازدید میدانی از شرکت ذوب و فولاد اردکان تمامی خطرات و جنبه­های زیست­محیطی شناسایی و با استفاده از روشEFMEA محاسبه شد. سپس داده­ های به دست آمده با استفاده از نرم ­افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. با در نظر گرفتن اقدامات اصلاحی مجدداً ارزیابی ثانویه صورت گرفت در نهایت میانگینRPN اولیه و RPN ثانویه با استفاده از آزمون  tآنالیز و مقایسه شدند. یافته ­ها: در این پژوهش 316 جنبه ریسک زیست محیطی شناسایی شد که از این میزان 39 ریسک در سطح پایین، 139 ریسک در سطح متوسط و 138 ریسک در سطح بالا قرار داشتند. همچنین مقایسه میانگین­ های حاصل از دو ارزیابی نشان دادکه میانگین داده­ های اولیه از 45/1466 به 16/1248 در داده ­های ثانویه کاهش یافته است. نتیجه­ گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با انتخاب روش مناسب و برنامه ­ریزی صحیح و ارائه راهکارهای پیشگیرانه و اصلاحی، می‌توان خطرات زیست محیطی ناشی از صنایع را به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش داد. 2 Background: Industries like steel, along with wealth generation and economic development, create many environmental problems, such as air, water, and soil pollution and waste generation. Since environmental protection is considered one of the pillars of sustainable development, solutions should be adopted that minimize environmental hazards, and promote the existing industry towards sustainable development. . The purpose of this research is to evaluate and manage the environmental risk of Ardakan Steel and Melting Company using the EFMEA method. Method: Firstly, with the field visit of Ardakan Steel and Melting Company, were identified all hazards and environmental aspects and calculated using EFMEA method. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Regarding corrective actions, a secondary evaluation was performed. Finally, the mean of initial RPN and secondary RPN were analyzed and compared by t-test. Results: In this study, 316 environmental risk factors were identified, of which 39 were at low risk, 139 were at medium level and 138 were high risk. Also, the comparison of the means from the two evaluations showed that the average of initial data decreased from 1466.45 to 1248.16 in the secondary data. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that by choosing the right method and planning and providing preventive and corrective strategies, the environmental hazards of the industries could be significantly reduced. 76 88 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 فاطمه نیک پیشه کوه جهری Fatemeh Nikpishe Kohjhari دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان،ایران ایران مریم مروتی Maryam Morovati استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران 3عضو پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی و صنعتی، دانشگاه اردکان،اردکان،ایران. ایران mymorovati@ardakan.ac.ir مجید صادقی نیا Majid Sadeghinia 3عضو پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی و صنعتی، دانشگاه اردکان،اردکان،ایران. 4 استادیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران ایران لیلا امانت یزدی Leila Amanat Yazdi کارشناس ارشد مدیریت محیط زیست، مدیر HSE شرکت پترویزدان کویر یزد، یزد، ایران ایران Sustainable Development Risk Management Environmental Risk Assessment EFMEA Steel توسعه پایدار مدیریت ریسک ارزیابی ریسک زیست محیطی EFMEA فولاد اردکان 1. Khoshnevis M, Pajooyan J. Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Environmental pollution on the Human Development Index in Countries with Different Levels of Development. Q J Energy Econ 2016;48(12): 61-33 [In Persian].##2. Balist J, Mohammadi B, Chehrzar F, et al. Environmental Risk Assessment of Gachsaran Oil Refinery Production Unit by Integrating Multi Criteria Decision Making and Environmental Failure-Mode and Effects Analysis. J Environ Sci Technol 2018;1( 20): [In Persian].##3. Rastani M, Biganeh J, AyoubiTalab M, et al. Evaluation of Health: Safety and Environment Attitude among Office Workers of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. Occup Hygiene Health Promot 2017;1(1): 1-9 [In Persian].##4. Hayaty M, Rahmati M. Environmental risk assessment of the Eastern Alborz coal mine factory using taxonomic analysis method. J Miner Res Eng 2017;3(2): 67-79 [In Persian].##5. Mosavi K. Evaluating the Environmental Condition of the Cities Adjacent to Steel Industries using SWOT Model (Case Study: Ardakan City). Sustainability Dev Environ 2016;4(3): [ In Persian].##6. Meatr F, Mosavi K, Lahijanian A. Assessment and management of environmental risk in steel factories (General affiliated to iron and steel company of Ghadir Iranians). First National Conference on Environmental Conservation and Planning2012. p. [In Persian].##7. Kgoudarzi K, Bahrani M, Hooshyar H. Energy and Exergy Development of Steel Plant: Especially Yasuj Industry. J Eng Manage Energy 2015;3(5): 60-9 [In Persian].##8. Jahany M. Investigating the methods of steel fabrication and production and control methods and reducing the environmental impacts caused by them. Department of Mineral Processing 2011;Ph.D.: [In Persian].##9. Soltani A, Ebadi A. Reviewing the research conditions of production of 55 million tons of steel based on the prospecting document 1404. Mineral and industrial company Chador Molo, Iron and Steel Association of Iran 2013 [In Persian].##10. Heidari M, Rezayan S, Nezakati R. Environmental risk evaluation of the exploitation of the lake in twenty second region of Tehran by using MADM multi criteria decision. J Mar Sci Technol Res 2015; 1(10): [In Persian].##11. Habibinia H, Dashti S. Environment, Health and Safety Risk Assessment in Industrial Sector of Salman Farsi Agro-Industrial Company Using Delphi Technique and FMEA & TOPSIS Integrated Model. J Environ Sci Technol 2018;1(20): [In Persian].##12. Jafari Azar S, Sabzghabaei G, Tavakoli M, et al. Assessing and analyzing the environmental risks of Khakhoroun wetland by using multi-criteria decision-making methods. Iranian J Appl Ecol 2017(40): 75-63 [In Persian].##13. Muralikrishna l, Manickam V. Enviomental Management Science and Engineering for landustry 2017. p. 135-52.##14. Rezaiean S, Mujahedi M, Jozi S. Evaluation of environmental risk of Polystyrene unit of Tabriz petrochemical company using JSA and EFMEA comparative method. J Environ Sci Technol 2016: [In Persian].##15. Frasad M. Environmental, Health, and Safety Assessment of Lavan Oil Field Using Hibisin Network and Effmea Method: Isfahan University of Technology; 2012.##16. Bakooie Katrini M, Haji Mirzahosseini A, Abadi N. Hazards identification and risk evaluation through FMEA method in Tehran district girls and boys publik primary schools. J Environ Sci Technol 2018;20(1): [In Persian].##17. Yany X, Haugen S, Paltrinieri N. Clarifying the concept of operational risk assessment in the oil and gas industry. Safety Sci 2018: 259-68.##18. Lotfolahzadeh A, Miri Lavasani M, Dehghani A. Risk Assessment and Determination of Insurance Rate by FMEA Method- Case Study in a cement Factory. J Occup Environ Health 2017;2(4): 311-22 [In Persian].##19. Sang T, Jian Y, Li M, et al. A study on solving the production process problems of the photovoltaic cell industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018;82(3): 3546-53.##20. Ghaderi S, Rahimi A, Hedayatifar M, et al. Environmental risk management and assessment of Tehran urban & suburban metro by using EFMEA method (case study: Sadeghieh terminal). J Environ Sci Technol 2015;2(7): [In Persian].##21. AmanatYazdi L. Environmental risk management of air pollution in the central warehouse of Yazd oil distribution company and the zoning of air pollution using GIS. Environ Res 2013;9(5): 103-4 [In Persian].##22. Chao H, Ming C. Risk assessment and quality improvement of liquid waste management in Taiwan University chemical laboratories. Waste Management 2018(71): 578-88.##23. Lazakis T, Raptodimos Y, Varelas T. Predicting ship machinery system condition through analytical reliability tools and artificial neural network. Ocean Eng 2018( 152): 404-15.##24. Ching L, Chao H. Risk management for outsourcing biomedical waste disposal – Using the failure mode and effects analysis. Waste Management 2014;34(7): 1324-9.##25. Moradpur Z, Farhadi S, Alimohammadi S, et al. Risk Assessment of combustible Dust explosions in some Related Industries in shahroud. J Occupl Hygiene Eng 2016;3(2): 27-32 [In Persian].##26. Mohammadian M, HashemiNejad N. Hazard Analysis in Poly Van House Factory Using FMEA Method. J Jiroft Uni of Med Sci 2014;1(1): 49-58 [In Persian].##27. Kolahdoozi M, Halvani G. Relationship between Prioritized Control Measures and Reducing the Risk Level in the Edible Oil Factory in Tehran. Occup Med Q J 2016;8(4): 47-57 [In Persian].##28. Steel A. Report of Ardakan Steel and Steel Company. 2018.##29. Jozi S, Forouzsh F. Risk Assessment in Production Unit of Kavian Steel company of Ahvazusing EFMEA. 6th National conference on Safety Engineering and Has Management2016. p. [In Persian].##30. Norouzi F. 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شناسایی و ارزیابی ریسک های ایمنی و بهداشت حرفه ای فعالیت ها و عملیات دکل حفاری نفت با روش FMEA (مطالعه موردی: میدان یاران جنوبی) Identification and Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety Risks of Activities and Operations of Oil Drilling Rigs Using FMEA Method (Case Study: Southern Yarran Region) 1 1 زمینه: در حال حاضر صنعت حفاری، به خاطر حوادث زیادی که در آن روی می­دهد، یکی از مشاغل خطرناک دنیا محسوب می­شود. به همین علت بررسی و ارزیابی ریسک­ های فعالیت­ ها و عملیات در صنعت حفاری می­تواند کمک شایانی به کاهش حوادث در این صنعت کند. مواد و روش: به همین دلیل در این پژوهش ارزیابی ریسک ایمنی و بهداشتی ناشی از عملیات حفاری، در دو دکل 28 شرکت ملی حفاری ایران و 101 شرکت نفت کاو با استفاده از روش FMEA در میدان نفتی یاران جنوبی به انجام رسید. تا با شناسایی ریسک­ های غیر قابل قبول و ارائه راهکار مدیریتی سعی در کاهش سطح ریسک­ پذیری این ریسک­ ها شود. یافته ­ها: با توجه به نتایج 38% از کل ریسک ­ها مربوط به ریسک­ های سطح پایین، 33% مربوط به ریسک­ هایی با سطح متوسط و 29% از ریسک­ ها نیز مربوط به ریسک­ ها با سطح بحرانی است. در سطح ریسک­ های بحرانی فعالیت­های عملیات برپایی دکل با تعداد 70 ریسک، عملیات راندن لوله­ های جداری با تعداد 55 ریسک و عملیات چیدمان با تعداد 26 ریسک بیش­ترین تعداد ریسک­ های بحرانی را به خود اختصاص داده­اند. ریسک­ ها تعمیرات با تعداد 127ریسک، برپایی دکل با تعداد 100 ریسک و عملیات پیمایش چاه با تعداد 83 ریسک جزء ریسک ­هایی بودند که تعداد ریسک­ های بالایی داشتند. همچنین بیشترین تعداد فراوانی (L) ریسک­ ها مربوط به فعالیت­ های تعمیرات با تعداد 99 ریسک و تست لوله جداری با تعداد 55 ریسک می­ باشد. نتیجه ­گیری: علت اصلی ایجاد کننده­ی این ریسک­ ها خطاهای انسانی و بازرسی نکردن تجهیزات و ماشین­ آلات است، که با ارائه راهکارهای کنترلی بخصوص در دو بخش آموزش به پرسنل و ایجاد تعداد بیشتری بازرسی دوره ­ای و اتفاقی می­توان تا حد زیادی سبب کاهش سطح ریسک ­پذیری، ریسک­ ها بحرانی شد. 2 Background: Today, the drilling industry is one of the world's most dangerous occupations because of the many accidents it is facing. Therefore, the study and evaluation of the risks of activities and operations in the drilling industry can be helpful in reducing the accident in this industry. Methods: In this research, the safety and health risk assessment of drilling operations was carried out in two drilling rig of No.28 national Iranian drilling companies and NO.101 drilling rig of oil companies using the FMEA method in Southern Yarran Oilfield. To identify unacceptable risks and provide a management solution to reduce the level of these risks Results: According to the results, 38% of the total risks are related to Lower risk, 33% refers to risks with a moderate level and 29% of the risks are related to the risks with a critical level. At this level, the risk of drilling rig operation with a total of 70 risks, the operation of cutting pipes with a total of 55 risks, and a sort operation with 26 risks, has the highest number of critical risks. Risks Repairs with a total of 127 risks, set up Rig with 100 risks and well scrolling operations with a total of 83 risk they were a part of the risk Count Risks Were high. Also, the highest frequency (L) of risks is related to repairs with a total of 99 risks and a pipe test with a total of 55 risks. Conclusion: The main cause of these risks is the human error and the inspection of equipment and machinery. By providing control strategies, especially in two parts of the training of personnel, and creating more and more periodic and random inspections, can greatly reduce the level of the critical risks. 89 102 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 ابوذر بهوندی Abozar Behvandi گروه مدیریت محیط زیست (HSE)، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران سولماز دشتی Soolmaz Dashti استادیار گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران Soolmazdashti@iauahvaz.ac.ir کتایون ورشوساز Katayoon Varshosaz ۳ استادیار گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران Risk Drilling Rig FMEA ریسک ایمنی و بهداشتی دکل حفاری FMEA 1. Heydari M, Gholamnia R, Khani jazani R, kavousi A, et al. Study The role of latent variables in lost working days by Structural Equation Modeling Approach. J. Occup. Health. 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تولید بیوهیدروژن از ویناس حاصل از فاضلاب صنایع فراوری بیواتانول: مروری Biohydrogen Production of Vinasse Derived from Bioethanol Processing Industry Wastewater: A Review 1 1 زمینه و هدف: افزایش مصرف جهانی سوخت‌ های فسیلی منجر به انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ ای، تغییرات آب و هوایی و آلودگی محیط زیست می­شود. پسماندهای کشاورزی، دامی و صنایع غذایی به عنوان یکی از منابع اصلی آلودگی محسوب می­شود. صنایع تولید بیواتانول یکی از 17 صنعت دارای آلودگی زیاد به شمار می­روند. در روند تولید بیواتانول، ویناس تولید می­شود و تا کنون 4/22 گیگالیتر ویناس در جهان تولید شده است. با رو به اتمام بودن منابع سوخت­ های فسیلی، در سالهای اخیر تولید انرژی از منابع تجدید پذیر از جمله پسماندهای آلی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است و تولید هیدروژن بیولوژیکی را به رویکردی نوین جهت جایگزین شدن آن با سوخت‌ های فسیلی مبدل کرده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تولید بیوهیدروژن از ویناس صنعت فرآوری بیواتانول به عنوان انرژی پاک و تجدید پذیر است. روش کار: در این مطالعه مروری که در سال 1398 انجام شده است از 150 مقاله نمایه شده مربوط به 15 سال اخیر در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی پروکوییست، ساینس دایرکت، پاپ مد، گوگل اسکالر و اسکوپوس استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج مطالعات نشان داد که ویناس موثرترین ماده آلی جهت تولید بیوهیدروژن با بهره ­وری بالا می­باشد و تخمیر هیدروژن در تاریکی امیدوار کننده­ترین روش تولید هیدروژن بیولوژیکی است. گونه میکروبی، نوع راکتور، pH، دما، نوع و غلظت سوبسترا، میزان بارگذاری آلی (OLR)، زمان ماند هیدرولیکی (HRT)، غلظت نیتروژن، فسفات و آهن از پارامترهای موثر بر فرایند جهت حداکثر بهره­ وری و بازدهی بیوهیدروژن و غلظت بالای اسیدهای چرب فرار نیز اصلی ­ترین عامل بازدارنده در تولید بیوهیدروژن می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: در مقایسه با محتوای انرژی حرارتی متان، اتانول و بنزین، انرژی حرارتی هیدروژن بالا (kj/g142) بوده و آب تنها محصول جانبی حاصل از سوختن هیدروژن می‌باشد. موثرترین روش در کاهش آلودگی ویناس، تصفیه بی­هوازی آن بوده که علاوه بر کاهش آلودگی زیست محیطی، نتیجه اقتصادی آن، تولید بیوهیدروژن به عنوان یک منبع انرژی پاک است که با بهینه نمودن شرایط عملیاتی فرایند می‌توان به حداکثر بازدهی و بهره وری تولید بیوهیدورژن دست یافت. 2 Background: Increasing global consumption of fossil fuels leads to greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and environmental pollution. Agricultural, animal and food industrial waste is one of the main sources of pollution. The bioethanol industry is one of 17 highly polluted industries. In the process of producing bioethanol, vinasse is produced, and so far 22.4 Giga litter of vinasse has been produced worldwide. With fossil fuel resources running out, energy production from renewable sources, including organic waste, has been considered in recent years and has transformed biological hydrogen production into a new approach to replace it with fossil fuels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Biohydrogen production from Vinasse bioethanol processing industry as clean and renewable energy. Methods: In this review study conducted in 1398, 150 indexed articles from the past 15 years were used in the databases of ProQuest, Science Direct, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus. Results: The results showed that vinasse is the most effective organic material for high-efficiency Biohydrogen production and dark fermentation hydrogen is the most promising biological hydrogen production method. Microbial species, reactor type, pH, temperature, substrate type and concentration, organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), nitrogen, phosphate and iron concentrations are among the parameters influencing the process to maximize biohydrogen productivity and efficiency and concentration. High volatile fatty acids are also a major inhibitor of Biohydrogen production. Conclusion: Compared to the thermal energy content of methane, ethanol and gasoline, hydrogen thermal energy is high (142 kj/g) and water is the only by-product of hydrogen burning. Anaerobic treatment is the most effective way to reduce the pollution of Vinasse. In addition to reducing environmental pollution, the economical result of Biohydrogen production as a clean energy source is that by optimizing the operating conditions of the process we can achieve maximum efficiency and productivity of Biohydrogen production. 103 119 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 2020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/292020/02/29 1398/12/10 سید نادعلی علوی بختیاروند Seyyed Nadali Alavi Bakhtiarvand استاد، مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران ایران انوشیروان محسنی بندپی Anoushiravan Mohseni- Bandpey استاد، مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران ایران هاجر شریفی ملکسری Hajar Sharifi Maleksar کارشناس ارشد، مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران ایران مجید رشیدی Majid Rashidi دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران ایران فیاض مهدی پور Fayyaz Mahdipuor 5 دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران ایران : tex_fayyaz@yahoo.com امان اله زمانی Amanollah Zamani دانشجوی دکترای سلامت در حوادث و بلایا، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران ایران Vinasse Biohydrogen Bioethanol Wastewater ویناس بیوهیدروژن بیواتانول فاضلاب 1. 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