<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<XML>
<JOURNAL>
<YEAR>1400</YEAR>
<VOL>9</VOL>
<NO>1</NO>
<MOSALSAL>34</MOSALSAL>
<PAGE_NO>144</PAGE_NO>


<ARTICLES>

	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>ارزیابی کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت اسدآباد با استفاده از شاخص‌های WQI، Cd، HPI، HEI، PoS و MI در سال 1397</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Qualitative Assessment of Groundwater Resources of Asadabad Plain using WQI, Cd, HPI, HEI, PoS and MI Indices in 2018</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: با توجه به گسترش شهرنشینی، افزایش جمعیت، توسعه کشاورزی و صنعتی شدن در جهان کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی روبه کاهش است. از این&#8204;رو، برای حفظ سلامت عمومی، ارزیابی کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. لذا، این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت اسدآباد به فلزات سنگین با استفاده از شاخص&#8204;های کیفی آب در سال 1397 انجام یافت. 
مواد و روش&#8204;ها: در این پژوهش توصیفی- مقطعی، 120 نمونه آب زیرزمینی از 20 ایستگاه در فصول بهار و تابستان به&#8204;روش مرکب برداشت و مقادیر دما، pH و EC آن&#8204;ها در محل اندازه&#8204;گیری شد. محتوی پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی نمونه&#8204;ها بعد از مراحل آماده&#8204;سازی آزمایشگاهی طبق روش استاندارد و محتوی فلزات سنگین در نمونه&#8204;ها نیز به&#8204; روش طیف&#8204;سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت&#8204; شده القایی (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry: ICP-OES) خوانده شد. پردازش آماری نتایج نیز با استفاده از نرم&#8204;افزار SPSS انجام یافت.
یافته&#8204;ها: نتایج نشان داد که، میانگین غلظت سدیم، فسفات، کلر، کلسیم، منیزیوم و نیترات (میلی&#8204;گرم در لیتر) در نمونه&#8204;های فصل بهار به&#8204;ترتیب برابر با 8/21، 230/0، 170/0،0/69، 1/21 و 3/19 و در فصل تابستان نیز به&#8204;ترتیب برابر با 14/8، 190/0، 160/0، 3/75، 6/15 و 8/19 بوده است. همچنین، میانگین غلظت عناصر آرسنیک، آهن، روی، سرب، کادمیم، کروم، مس، منگنز و نیکل (میکروگرم در لیتر) در نمونه&#8204;های فصل بهار به&#8204;ترتیب برابر با 10/5، 61/1، 970/0، 82/7، 230/0، 25/1، 58/3، 360/0 و 30/1 و در فصل تابستان نیز به&#8204;ترتیب برابر با 4/21، 62/1، 24/1، 63/7، 200/0، 00/1، 73/6، 430/0 و 01/1 بوده است و به&#8204;جز در مورد عنصر آرسنیک در نمونه&#8204;های فصل تابستان، میانگین غلظت همه عناصر در نمونه&#8204;های هر دو فصل کوچک&#8204;تر از حداکثر غظت مجاز سازمان بهداشت جهانی برای شرب بود. علاوه &#8204;&#8204;بر آن، شاخص کیفیت آب (WQI)، شاخص آلودگی (Cd)، شاخص آلودگی فلزات سنگین (HPI)، شاخص ارزیابی فلزات سنگین (HEI)، شاخص کیفی (PoS) و&#160; شاخص فلزات سنگین (MI) در فصل بهار با مقادیر 2/18، 53/7-، 86/9، 64/1، 298 و 64/1 به&#8204;ترتیب بیان&#8204;گر سطح کیفی &#34;عالی و بسیار خوب&#34;، &#34;آلودگی کم&#34;، &#34;آلودگی اندک&#34;، &#34;آلودگی کم&#34;، &#34;آلودگی اندک&#34; و &#34;تحت تأثیر اندک&#34; و در فصل تابستان نیز با مقادیر 9/17، 94/5-، 86/9، 05/3، 602، 05/3 به&#8204;ترتیب بیان&#8204;گر سطح کیفی &#34;عالی و بسیار خوب&#34;، &#34;آلودگی کم&#34;، &#34;آلودگی اندک&#34;، &#34;آلودگی کم&#34;، &#34;آلودگی زیاد&#34; و &#34;تحت تأثیر متوسط&#34; بود. 
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: هرچند فقط میانگین مقادیر عنصر آرسنیک در نمونه&#8204;های فصل تابستان بیش&#8204;تر از حد مجاز بود، ولی مدیریت استفاده از نهاده&#8204;های کشاورزی همچون انواع آفت&#8204;کش&#8204;ها، کودهای شیمیایی و آلی، فاضلاب&#8204; شهری که با آلودگی خاک و منابع آب سطحی عامل تهدیدکننده کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقه مورد مطالعه هستند، توصیه می&#8204;شود.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Nowadays, the increase in population growth rate and followed by anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, industrialization, mining and agriculture practices continuously increase the amount of heavy metals in the environment especially groundwater resources. Therefore, qualitative assessment of groundwater resources is of great importance for maintaining public health and for this reason, this study was conducted to qualitative assessment of groundwater resources of Asadabad Plain using WQI, Cd, HPI, HEI, PoS and MI indices in 2018.
Materials &#38; Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 120 groundwater samples were collected from 20 stations in the spring and the summer seasons and their temperature, pH and EC values were measured on-site. In the laboratory, the values of physicochemical parameters were determined according to the standard methods. Also, the content of heavy metals was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that the average concentrations of Na, PO4-, Cl-, Ca, Mg and NO3- (mg/L) in samples of the spring season were 21.8, 0.230, 0.170, 69.0, 21.1 and 19.3, respectively; and in the summer season were 8.14, 0.190, 0.160, 75.3, 15.6 and 19.8, respectively. Also, the average concentrations of As, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni (&#956;g/L) in samples of the spring season were 5.10, 1.61, 0.970, 7.82, 0.230, 1.25, 3.58, 0.360, and 1.30; and in the summer season were 21.4, 1.62, 1.24, 7.63, 0.200, 1.00, 6.73, 0.430, and 1.01, respectively, and except for As in samples of the summer season, the average concentrations of all elements in groundwater samples of both seasons were lower than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) established by WHO for drinking water. In addition, water quality index (WQI), pollution index (Cd), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), quality index (PoS) and heavy metal index (MI) of samples of the spring season with values of 18.2, -7.53, 9.86, 1.64, 298 and 1.64, respectively, indicate the quality of groundwater were categorized in &#34;excellent and very good&#34;, &#34;low pollution&#34;, &#34;low pollution&#34;, &#34;low pollution&#34;, &#34;low pollution&#34; and &#34; slightly affected&#34; classes and in the summer season with values ​​of 17.9, -5.94, 9.86, 3.05, 602, 3.05, respectively, were categorized in &#34;excellent and very good&#34;, &#34;low pollution&#34;, &#34;low pollution&#34;, &#34;low pollution&#34;, &#34;high pollution&#34; and &#34;moderately affected&#34; classes. 
Conclusion: Although only the average values of As in groundwater samples of the summer season were higher than the MPC, management of the use of agricultural inputs such as pesticides, chemical and organic fertilizers and municipal wastewater for irrigation to maintain the quality of groundwater resources of the study area is recommended.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>1</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>21</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2021/11/7
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1400/8/16
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2021/12/18
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1400/9/27
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>آزاده</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>قبادی</Family>
				<NameE>A.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Ghobadi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانش‌آموخته دکترای تخصصی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهرداد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>چراغی</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Cheraghi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سهیل</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>سبحان ‌‌اردکانی</Family>
				<NameE>S.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Sobhanardakani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>بهاره</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>لرستانی</Family>
				<NameE>B.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Lorestani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Aquifer</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Heavy metals</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Drinking water</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Water quality</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Anthropogenic activities</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>حوزه آبخیز</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>فلزات سنگین</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>آب آشامیدنی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>کیفیت آب</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>فعالیت‌های انسان‌ساخت.</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
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Evaluation of groundwater quality using water quality index and its suitability for assessing water for drinking and irrigation purposes: Case study of Sistan and Baluchistan province (Iran). Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2019; 25(4): 988-1005.##6.	Milovanovic M. Water quality assessment and determination of pollution sources along the Axios/Vardar River Southeastern Europe. Desalination 2007; 213(1): 159-73.##7.	Rezaei Raja O, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M. Health risk assessment of citrus contaminated with heavy metals in Hamedan city, potential risk of Al and Cu. Environ Health Eng Manage J 2016; 3(3): 131-5.##8.	Sobhanardakani S. Assessing of As, Zn,  Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn contamination in groundwater resources of Razan Plain using water quality pollution indices. J Neyshabur Univ Med Sci 2017; 4(4): 33-45 (In Persian).##9.	Sobhanardakani S. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metals content of atmospheric dry deposition, a case study: Kermanshah, Iran. 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			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>بهبود کارایی فرایند اکسیداسیون پیشرفته فتوکاتالیستی در حضور سولفیت برای تجزیه مترونیدازول از محلولهای آبی</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Improving the efficiency of advanced photocatalytic oxidation process in the presence of sulfite for decomposition of metronidazole from aqueous solutions</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: مترونیدازول از آنتی&#8204;بیوتیک &#8204;های متعلق به خانواده نیتروایمیدازول است. تجزیه ناپذیری، حلالیت بالا در آب، سمیت، سرطان&#8204;زایی و جهش&#8204;زایی از نگرانی های مهم آنتی&#8204;بیوتیک&#8204;ها می&#8204;باشد. لذا هدف از این پژوهش، کاربرد فرآیند اکسیداسیون پیشرفته جدید سولفیت/اکسید روی/UV برای تجزیه مترونیدازول از محلول&#8204;های آبی می&#8204;باشد.
مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه، اثر متغیرهای pH، نسبت سولفیت به اکسید روی، غلظت اولیه مترونیدازول و زمان تماس بر عملکرد فرآیند سولفیت/اکسید روی/UV در تجزیه مترونیدازول مطالعه گردید. غلظت باقیمانده مترونیدازول توسط دستگاه HPLC (مدل 4900 CE Cecil) سنجش شد. 
یافته&#8204;ها: نتایج نشان داد تخریب بیش از 90 درصدی آنتی بیوتیک در 12 =pH &#160;&#160;و نسبت مولی سولفیت به اکسید روی 1 به 3 پس از 5 دقیقه از واکنش رخ می&#8204;دهد. اگرچه، میزان تخریب آنتی بیوتیک در فرآیند سولفیت/اکسید روی/UV بسیار زیاد بود، اما بر اساس تجزیه و تحلیل GC-MASS، مقدار معدنی سازی کافی نبود. چندین متابولیت در پساب فرآیند سولفیت/اکسید روی/UV شناسایی شدند و مسیر تجزیه بر اساس متابولیت های شناسایی شده پیشنهاد شد. مشاهده شد مقدار ضریب کینتیکی robs (میلی گرم بر لیتر بر دقیقه) برای تجزیه مترونیدازول بوسیله سولفیت/اکسید روی/UV به ترتیب 92/6 برابرفرایندهای اکسید روی/UV و 15 برابرUV تنها بود.
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده، فرآیند سولفیت/اکسید روی/UV به دلیل مقادیر بیشتر robs و همچنین مقادیر راندمان بالا نسبت به فرآیندهای اکسید روی/UV و UV تنها، می&#8204;تواند به عنوان یک گزینه مناسب و اقتصادی در تخریب آنتی بیوتیک مترونیدازول و ترکیبات مشابه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>&#160;Metronidazole antibiotic is belong to the nitroimidazole family. Non degradability, high solubility in water, toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity are important concerns related to antibiotics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to apply the new advanced oxidation process of UV/zinc oxide/sulfite (UZS) to degrade metronidazole from aqueous solutions.
Methods: In this study, the effect of pH, sulfite to zinc oxide ratio, initial metronidazole concentration and contact time on the performance of the UV/sulfite/zinc oxide process in the degradation of metronidazole was studied. The residual concentration of metronidazole was measured by HPLC (Cecil model 4900 CE).
Results: The results showed more than 90 % antibiotic is degraded at pH = 12 and the molar ratio of sulfite to zinc oxide 1 to 3 after 5 min of the reaction. Although the antibiotic degradation rate in the UZS process was very high, based on the GC-MASS analysis, the mineralization rate was not sufficient. The several metabolites were detected in the UZS process effluent and the degradation pathway was proposed based on the identified metabolites. It was observed the kinetic coefficient of robs (mg/L. min) to degrade the metronidazole by UZS was 6.92 time and 15 time of UV/zinc oxide and UV alone processes, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, the UV/zinc oxide/sulfite process, due to the higher robs value as well as the higher efficiency value ​​than those of the UV/zinc oxide and UV alone processes, can be considered as a suitable and economical option in the degradation of metronidazole antibiotic and the similar compounds.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>22</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>40</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2021/11/72021/09/28
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1400/7/6
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2021/12/182021/11/22
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1400/9/1
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>اسرافیل</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>عسگری</Family>
				<NameE>Esrafil</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Asgari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده علوم پزشکی خوی، خوی، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>امیر</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>شیخ محمدی</Family>
				<NameE>Amir</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Sheikhmohammadi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده علوم پزشکی خوی، خوی، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>بایرام</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>هاشم زاده</Family>
				<NameE>Bayram</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Hashemzadeh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده علوم پزشکی خوی، خوی، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Metronidazole</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Sulfite</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Zinc oxide</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Advanced oxidation</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Aqueous solutions.</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مترونیدازول</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سولفیت</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>اکسید روی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>اکسیداسیون پیشرفته</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>محلولهای آبی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1.	Sheikhmohammadi A, Mohseni SM, Hashemzadeh B, et al. Fabrication of magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposites functionalized with a novel chelating ligand for the removal of Cr (VI): modeling, optimization, and adsorption studies. Desalin Water Treat 2019;160: 297-307. ##2.	Asgari E, Esrafili A, Jafari AJ, et al. Synthesis of TiO2/polyaniline photocatalytic nanocomposite and its effects on degradation of metronidazole in aqueous solutions under UV and visible light radiation. Desalin Water Treat 2019;161: 228-42.##3.	Zarei S, Farhadian N, Akbarzadeh R, et al. Fabrication of novel 2D Ag-TiO2/γ-Al2O3/Chitosan nano-composite photocatalyst toward enhanced photocatalytic reduction of nitrate. Int J Biol Macromol 2020;145: 926-35.##4.	Sheikhmohammadi A, Nourmoradi H, Manshouri M, Asgari E. Performance intensification of BzP photo-catalytic degradation through adding exogenous oxidant. Optik 2020;202: 163571.##5.	Nasseh N, Panahi AH, Esmati M, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from aqueous solution by a novel magnetically separable FeNi3/SiO2/ZnO nano-composite under simulated sunlight: Efficiency, stability, and kinetic studies. J Mol Liq 2020;301: 112434.##6.	Saleh TA, Gupta VK. Photo-catalyzed degradation of hazardous dye methyl orange by use of a composite catalyst consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012;371(1): 101-6.##7.	Saravanan R, Gupta V, Mosquera E, Gracia F. Preparation and characterization of V2O5/ZnO nanocomposite system for photocatalytic application. J Mol Liq 2014;198: 409-12.##8.	Saravanan R, Sacari E, Gracia F, et al. Conducting PANI stimulated ZnO system for visible light photocatalytic degradation of coloured dyes. J Mol Liq 2016;221: 1029-33.##9.	Eslami A, Bahrami H, Asadi A, Alinejad A. Enhanced sonochemical degradation of tetracycline by sulfate radicals. Water Sci Technol 2016;73(6): 1293-300.##10.	Azizi S, Alidadi H, Maaza M, Sarkhosh M. Degradation of Ofloxacin Using the UV/ZnO/Iodide Process in an Integrated Photocatalytic-Biological Reactor Containing Baffles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020;59(52): 22440-50.##11.	Zhao G, Ding J, Zhou F, et al. Construction of a visible-light-driven magnetic dual Z-scheme BiVO4/g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 photocatalyst for effective removal of ofloxacin: Mechanisms and degradation pathway. Chem Eng J 2021;405: 126704.##12.	Rasolevandi T, Naseri S, Azarpira H, Mahvi A. Photo-degradation of dexamethasone phosphate using UV/Iodide process: Kinetics, intermediates, and transformation pathways. J Mol Liq 2019;295: 111703.##13.	Farzadkia M, Esrafili A, Baghapour MA, et al. Degradation of metronidazole in aqueous solution by nano-ZnO/UV photocatalytic process. Desalin Water Treat 2014;52(25-27): 4947-52.##14.	Tran ML, Fu C-C, Juang R-S. Effects of water matrix components on degradation efficiency and pathways of antibiotic metronidazole by UV/TiO2 photocatalysis. J Mol Liq 2019;276: 32-8.##15.	Pan Y, Li X, Fu K, et al. Degradation of metronidazole by UV/chlorine treatment: Efficiency, mechanism, pathways and DBPs formation. Chemosphere 2019;224: 228-36.##16.	Azarpira H, Abtahi M, Sadani M, et al. Photo-catalytic degradation of Trichlorophenol with UV/sulfite/ZnO process, simultaneous usage of homogeneous reductive and heterogeneous oxidative agents generator as a new approach of Advanced Oxidation/Reduction Processes (AO/RPs). J Photochem Photobiol, A 2019;374: 43-51.##17.	Yazdanbakhsh A, Aliyari A, Sheikhmohammadi A, Aghayani E. Application of the enhanced sono-photo‑Fenton-like process in the presence of persulfate for the simultaneous removal of chromium and phenol from the aqueous solution. J Water Process Eng 2020;34: 101080.##18.	Entezari M, Godini H, Sheikhmohammadi A, Esrafili A. Enhanced degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls with simultaneous usage of reductive and oxidative agents over UV/sulfite/TiO2 process as a new approach of advanced oxidation/reduction processes. J Water Process Eng 2019;32: 100983.##19.	Sarkhosh M, Sadani M, Abtahi M, et al. Photo-biological degradation of Bisphenol A, UV/ZnO/Iodide process at the center of biological reactor. J Photochem Photobiol, A 2019;374: 115-24.##20.	Yazdanbakhsh A, Eslami A, Moussavi G, et al. Photo-assisted degradation of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol by an advanced reduction process based on sulfite anion radical: Degradation, dechlorination and mineralization. Chemosphere 2018;191: 156-65.##21.	Azarpira H, Sadani M, Abtahi M, et al. Photo-catalytic degradation of triclosan with UV/iodide/ZnO process: Performance, kinetic, degradation pathway, energy consumption and toxicology. J Photochem Photobiol, A 2019;371: 423-32.##22.	Botlaguduru VSV, Batchelor B, Abdel-Wahab A. Application of UV–sulfite advanced reduction process to bromate removal. J Water Process Eng 2015;5: 76-82.##23.	Jung B, Nicola R, Batchelor B, Abdel-Wahab A. Effect of low-and medium-pressure Hg UV irradiation on bromate removal in advanced reduction process. Chemosphere 2014;117: 663-72.##24.	Valari M, Antoniadis A, Mantzavinos D, Poulios I. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over titania suspensions. Catal Today 2015;252: 190-4.##25.	Sarkhosh M, Sadani M, Abtahi M, et al. Enhancing photo-degradation of ciprofloxacin using simultaneous usage of eaq− and OH over UV/ZnO/I- process: Efficiency, kinetics, pathways, and mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 2019;377: 418-26.##26.	Rahmah A, Harimurti S, Murugesan T. Experimental investigation on the effect of wastewater matrix on oxytetracycline mineralization using UV/H 2 O 2 system. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2017;14(6): 1225-33.##27.	Murcia-López S, Villa K, Andreu T, Morante JR. Improved selectivity for partial oxidation of methane to methanol in the presence of nitrite ions and BiVO 4 photocatalyst. Chem comm 2015;51(33): 7249-52.##28.	Sheydaei M, Zangouei M, Vatanpour V. Coupling visible light sono-photocatalysis and sono-enhanced ultrafiltration processes for continuous flow degradation of dyestuff using N-doped titania nanoparticles. Chem Eng Process 2019;143: 107631.##29.	Godini H, Sheikhmohammadi A, Abbaspour L, et al. Energy consumption and photochemical degradation of Imipenem/Cilastatin antibiotic by process of UVC/ Fe2+/ H2O2 through response surface methodology. Optik 2019;182: 1194-203.##30.	Panda D, Manickam S. Hydrodynamic cavitation assisted degradation of persistent endocrine-disrupting organochlorine pesticide Dicofol: Optimization of operating parameters and investigations on the mechanism of intensification. Ultrason Sonochem 2019;51: 526-32.##31.	Panda D, Sethu V, Manickam S. Kinetics and mechanism of low-frequency ultrasound driven elimination of trace level aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid. Chem Eng Process 2019;142: 107542.##32.	Cao J, Li J, Chu W, Cen W. Facile synthesis of Mn-doped BiOCl for metronidazole photodegradation: Optimization, degradation pathway, and mechanism. Chem Eng J 2020;400: 125813.##33.	Asgari E, Esrafili A, Jafari AJ, et al. The comparison of ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposite under UV and visible radiations for decomposition of metronidazole: degradation rate, mechanism and mineralization. Process Saf Environ Prot 2019;128: 65-76.##34.	Asgari E, Esrafili A, Rostami R, Farzadkia M. O3, O3/UV and O3/UV/ZnO for abatement of parabens in aqueous solutions: Effect of operational parameters and mineralization/biodegradability improvement. Process Saf Environ Prot 2019;125: 238-50.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>مکان‌یابی محل دفن پسماند جامد شهری با استفاده از روش‌های سوارا (SWARA)، کوپراس (COPRAS) و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، مورد مطالعه: شهر کرمانشاه</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Landfill site selection for municipal solid waste with combining SWARA technique and COPRAS method using GIS 
(Case study: Kermanshah, Iran)</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: انتخاب محل دفن پسماند جامد شهری به&#8204;خاطر اهمیتی که در کنترل آلودگی&#8204;های محیط&#8204;زیستی و معضلات آن دارد از اهمیت ویژه&#8204;ای برخوردار است. از آن&#8204;جا که، مکان&#8204;یابی فرآیندی زمان&#8204;بر و چندجانبه با دخالت پارامترهای مختلف اقتصادی- اجتماعی و به&#8204;ویژه محیط&#8204;زیستی است، نیازمند استفاده از نظر خبرگان، منابع اطلاعاتی زیاد و روش&#8204;های چند معیاره است. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف پیشنهاد مناسب&#8204;ترین محل دفن پسماندهای جامد شهری کرمانشاه در سال 1398 انجام شد.
مواد و روش&#8204;ها: در این پژوهش توصیفی، با استفاده از روش وزن&#8204;دهی سوارا (SWARA)، سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) و روش کوپراس (Copras) به&#8204;عنوان یک روش&#8204; تصمیم&#8204;گیری چندمعیاره (MCDM) و همچنین، نظرسنجی از هفت نفر از متخصصان محیط&#8204;زیست برای ارزیابی و امتیازدهی معیارهای محیط&#8204;زیستی و اقتصادی-اجتماعی منتخب شامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهت جغرافیایی، شیب، فاصله از مناطق حفاظت &#8204;شده، فاصله از زمین&#8204;های کشاورزی، کاربری اراضی، شیب، فاصله از جاده، فاصله از فرودگاه، فاصله از خطوط ریلی و راه&#8204;آهن، فاصله از خطوط انتقال نیرو، منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی، فاصله از مراکز جمعیتی، فاصله از گسل، نوع پوشش گیاهی و نوع خاک نسبت به شناسایی مناسب&#8204;ترین محل دفن پسماندهای جامد شهری کرمانشاه اقدام شد.
یافته&#8204;ها: نتایج حاصل از روش سوارا نشان داد که منابع آب، نوع خاک و فاصله از زمین&#8204;های کشاورزی به&#8204;ترتیب با وزن نهایی برابر با 300/0، 202/0 و 119/0 مهم&#8204;ترین معیارها و شیب، فاصله از خطوط انتقال نیرو و فاصله از گسل نیز به&#8204;ترتیب با وزن نهایی برابر با 020/0، 015/0 و 015/0 کم اهمیت&#8204;ترین معیارها در مکان&#8204;یابی بوده&#8204;اند. همچنین، نتایج روش کوپراس نشان داد که نواحی جنوب&#8204; غربی شهر به&#8204;دلیل ویژگی&#8204;هایی از جمله دوری از مناطق مسکونی و زمین&#8204;های کشاورزی و همچنین، برخورداری از شیب و جاده دسترسی مناسب از شرایط مناسب&#8204;تری برای دفن پسماند جامد شهری برخوردار بودند. به&#8204;طوری&#8204;که، سایت شاه&#8204;ولی با مساحت تقریبی 90 هکتار برای 20 سال آینده به&#8204;عنوان محل دفن پسماند جامد شهری کرمانشاه پیشنهاد شد.
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: به&#8204;طور کلی، نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از روش&#8204;های سوارا و کوپراس با توجه به انعطاف&#8204;پذیری بالا و دقت در ارائه نتایج می&#8204;تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای روش&#8204;های معمول وزن&#8204;دهی و رتبه&#8204;بندی باشد و به&#8204;تبع آن، می&#8204;توان گزینه نهایی پیشنهادی این روش&#8204;ها را با اطمینان برای استقرار دفن&#8204;گاه پسماند جامد شهری انتخاب کرد. در نهایت، با توجه به این&#8204;که امروزه انتخاب محل مناسب استقرار لندفیل از مهم&#8204;ترین معضلات محیط&#8204;زیستی کلان&#8204;شهرها محسوب می&#8204;شود، نسبت به لحاظ کردن سایر معیارها همچون پارامترهای جمعیت&#8204;شناختی و از طرفی، کاربرد روش&#8204;های جدیدتر تصمیم&#8204;گیری چند معیاره همچون آراس (ARAS) و مولتی مورا (MULTIMOORA) در مطالعه&#8204;های مربوط به استقرار کاربری&#8204;ها و به&#8204;ویژه مکان&#8204;یابی لندفیل توصیه می&#8204;شود.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>The selection of municipal solid waste landfills is significant because it controls environmental pollution and its problems. Since site selection is a time-consuming and multifaceted process involving various socio-economic and environmental parameters, it requires expert opinion, extensive information resources, and multi-criteria methods. Therefore, this study was carried out for landfill site selection of municipal solid waste of city of Kermanshah combining SWARA technique and Copras method using GIS in 2019.
Materials &#38; Methods: In this descriptive study, the Copras method and SWARA technique were selected as multi-criterion decision-making methods (MCDM) were used. Also, the environmental and socio-economic criteria including height above sea level, geographical direction, slope, distance from the protected areas, distance from the agricultural areas, land use, distance from the road, distance from the airport, distance from railway lines, distance from transmission lines, surface and groundwater resources, distance from residential areas, distance from faults, type of vegetation and soil type were evaluated by seven environmental specialists.
Results:&#160;The results of the SWARA method showed that the water resources criterion with a final weight of 0.300 is the most important criterion. Also, the type of soil and the distance from agricultural lands with a final weight of 0.202 and 0.119, respectively are the others. While, slope, distance from transmission lines and distance from fault with final weights of 0.020, 0.015 and 0.015 were the least important criteria for site selection. Besides, the results of the Copras method showed that the southwestern areas of the city of Kermanshah had better conditions for disposal of municipal solid waste due to their characteristics such as distance from residential areas and agricultural lands, suitable slope, and proper road access. Thus, the &#34;Shah Vali&#34; site with an approximate area of 90 ha was suggested as a landfill for municipal solid waste in city of Kermanshah for the next 20 years.
Conclusion:&#160;In general, based on the results obtained, SWARA and Copras methods, due to their novelty, high flexibility, and accuracy in presenting the results, could be an excellent alternative to the other conventional weighting methods. Consequently, we can confident to their final proposed options, which have suitable characteristics of the landfill. Finally, given that landfill site selection is one of the most critical environmental issues in metropolitan areas, consider other criteria such as demographic parameters and the application of newer multi-criteria decision-making methods such as ARAS and MULTIMOORA in site selection studies are recommended.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

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		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2021/11/72021/09/282021/09/7
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1400/6/16
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2021/12/182021/11/222021/11/29
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1400/9/8
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سمیه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>جلیلیان</Family>
				<NameE>S.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Jalilian</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سهیل</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>سبحان ‌اردکانی</Family>
				<NameE>S.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Sobhanardakani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهرداد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>چراغی</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Cheraghi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سیدمسعود</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>منوری</Family>
				<NameE>S.M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Monavari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>بهاره</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>لرستانی</Family>
				<NameE>B.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Lorestani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Waste disposal</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Solid waste</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Site selection</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Decision making</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Geographical information system</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>دفن زباله</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>پسماند جامد</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مکان‌یابی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>تصمیم‌گیری</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1.	Mandal K. Review on evolution of municipal solid waste management in India: practices, challenges and policy implications. Mater Cycles Waste Manag 2019; 21(6): 1263-79.##2.	Ruan Barbosa de Aquino Í, Ferreira da Silva Junior J, Guarnieri P, et al. The proposition of a mathematical model for the location of electrical and electronic waste collection points. Sustainability 2021; 13(1): 224-39. ##3.	Cannon C. Examining rural environmental injustice: An analysis of ruralness, class, race, and gender on the presence of landfills across the United States. Rural Dev 2020; 15(1): 89-114.##4.	Chabak M, Asakereh A, Bahrami H, et al. [Location of municipal solid waste landfill using geographic information system and hierarchical analysis (Case study of Ahvaz city)]. Sixth National Conference on Modern Studies and Research In the field of Geography, Architecture and Urban planning of Iran, Tehran, 2018 (In Persian).##5.	Makonyo M, Msabi MM. Potential landfill sites selection using GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis in Dodoma capital city, central Tanzania. GeoJ 2021; 1-31. doi: 10.1007/s10708-021-10414-5.##6.	Ismaili A, Barzegari GH, Asghari Kaljahi E. [Weighting of effective criteria in locating landfills for Malekan city]. 10th National Geological Conference of Payame Noor University, 2017 (In Persian).##7.	Yücenur GN, Ipekçi A. SWARA/WASPAS methods for a marine current energy plant location selection problem. Renew Energy 2021; 163:1287-98.##8.	Asodariya H, Patel HV, Babariya D, et al. Application of multi criteria decision making method to select and validate the material of a flywheel design. Mater Today: Proceedings 2018; 5(9):17147-55.##9.	Yesilnacar MI, Cetin H. Site selection for hazardous wastes: a case study from the GAP area, Turkey. Eng Geol 2005; 81(4): 371-88.##10.	Chang NB, Parvathinathan G, Breeden JB. Combining GIS with fuzzy multicriteria decision-making for landfill siting in a fast-growing urban region. J Environ Manage 2008; 87(1): 139-53.##11.	Yadav SK. GIS based approach for site selection in waste management. Environ Eng Manag J 2013; 4(5): 507-14.##12.	Ahmad A, Javaid U, Javed MA, et al. Landfill sites identification using GIS and multi-criteria method: a case study of intermediate city of Punjab, Pakistan. J Geogr Inf Syst 2016; 8(1): 40-9.##13.	Bottero M, Oppio A, Bonardo M, et al. Hybrid evaluation approaches for urban regeneration processes of landfills and industrial sites: the case of the Kwun Tong area in Hong Kong. Land Use Policy 2019; 82: 585-94.##14.	Moeinaddini M, Khorasani, N, Danehkar, A, et al. [Siting MSW landfill using hierarchical fuzzy TOPSIS methodology (case study: Karaj)]. J Nat Environ 2011; 64(2): 155-67 (In Persian).##15.	Samimian M. [Location of areas prone to sanitary landfill of municipal waste using TOPSIS method Case study: Ghaemshahr city]. GIS &#38; RS Applicat Plan 2017; 8(2): 1-10 (In Persian).##16.	Mirabadi M, Abdi AH. [Landfill locate in Bukan by Boolean logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP)]. J Environ Sci Technol 2017; 19(1): 149-68 (In Persian). ##17.	Moghimi Kandlousy A, Mohebbi Tafreshi A, Mohebbi Tafreshi GH. [Locating appropriate areas of municipal waste landfill using TOPSIS method (Case study: Langroud County)]. J Res Environ Health 2018; 4(2): 112-28 (In Persian).##18.	Alaee Taleghani M, Sanjary F, Jalilian A. [Optimized siting municipal solid waste landfill for Kermanshah city using experimental method and based on the regional geomorphologic characteristics]. Urban Region Stud Res 2010; 2(6): 20-34 (In Persian).##19.	Zinatizadeh S, Azmi A, Monavari SM, et al. Evaluation and prediction of sustainability of urban areas: A case study for Kermanshah city, Iran. Cities 2017; 66: 1-9.##20.	Mesbahi F, Mostafa Nejad S, Nadiri A. Determining the appropriate location for municipal solid waste disposal using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS): A case study in Sardasht, Iran. J Environ Health Eng 2020; 8(2): 26-41.##21.	Yamani M, Alizadeh SH. [Optimal location of landfill for solid waste in Hashtgerd area using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS)]. Geogr Data (SEPEHR) 2016; 24(96): 79-90 (In Persian).##22.	Alistair A, Brito MG, Sá Caetano P, et al. A landfill site selection process incorporating GIS modellinfg. Proceedings of Ninth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Italy, 2003; 8 p.##23.	Barakat A, Hilali A, El Baghdadi M, et al. Landfill site selection with GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation technique. A case study in Béni Mellal-Khouribga Region, Morocco. Environ Earth Sci 2017; 76(12): 413.##24.	Zamorano M, Molero E, Hurtado A, et al. Evaluation of a municipal landfill site in Southern Spain with GIS-aided methodology. J Hazard Mater 2008; 160(2-3): 473-81.##25.	 Khorshiddoust AM, Adeli Z. [The application of AHP method for optimum solid waste landfill site selection: A case study of Bonab City in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran]. J Environ Stud 2009; 35(51): 27-32 (In Persian).##26.	Arabameri AR, Ramesht MH. [Site selection of landfill with emphasis on hydrogeomorphological – environmental parameters Shahrood-Bastam watershed]. Sci J Manage Sys 2016; 16(43): 58-80 (In Persian).##27.	Emadodin S, Farzaneh F, Arekhi S, et al. [Landfill Site Selection for Municipal Waste Materials using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Artificial Neural Networks (Case study: Gorgan City)]. Geogr Environ Hazard 2020; 9(34): 55-9 (In Persian).##28.	Lu JW, Chang NB, Liao L. Environmental informatics for solid and hazardous waste management: advances, challenges, and perspectives. Critical Rev Environ Sci Technol 2013; 43(15): 1557-1656. ##29.	Zolfani SH, Yazdani M, Zavadskas EK. An extended stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) method for improving criteria prioritization process. Soft Comput 2018; 22(22): 7399-7405. ##30.	Zavadskas EK, Kaklauskas A, Peldschus F, et al. Multi-attribute assessment of road design solutions by using the COPRAS method. Baltic J Road Bridge Eng 2007; 2(4): 195-203.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>بررسی اثر کاربرد کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر جذب عناصر پر مصرف و فلزات سنگین در سبزیجات (مورد مطالعه؛ گونه شاهی: Lepidium sativum)</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Assessing the effects of bio-organic and chemical fertilizers application on absorption of macronutrients and heavy metals in vegetables (Case study: Lepidium sativum)</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف : استفاده طولانی&#8204;مدت از لجن فاضلاب و کود منجر به تجمع عناصر سنگین در خاک می&#173;شود که این موضوع ممکن است موجب جذب بیش&#8204;تر از حد این عناصر توسط گیاه و به&#8204;تبع آن ورود این عناصر سمی به زنجیر غذایی انسان و حیوان شود. لذا، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی جذب فلزات سنگین و عناصر پر مصرف در سبزی شاهی کشت&#8204;شده در خاک&#173;های تحت تیمارهای مختلف کود و لجن انجام شد. 
مواد و روش&#173;ها: این پژوهش توصیفی، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در محیط و شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد ارزیابی شامل تیمار با کود شیمیایی (دی آمونیوم فسفات)، کمپوست لجن هاضم بی&#8204;هوازی، کمپوست لجن بدون عمل هضم و لجن خام در مقادیر وزنی 28، 57 و 115 گرم و تیمار شاهد بود. غلظت عناصر سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه و آرسنیک و عناصر پر مصرف شامل فسفر، ازت و کربن در برگ سبزی شاهی به&#8204;روش طیف&#8204;سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت&#8204;شده القایی خوانده شد و داده&#173;ها با استفاده از نسخه 21 نرم&#8204;افزار آماری SPSS پردازش شد. 
یافته&#173;ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه میانگین غلظت آرسنیک و ازت (میلی&#8204;گرم در کیلوگرم) در سبزی شاهی به ترتیب با مقادیر 592/0 و 2/10 و بیشینه میانگین غلظت کادمیوم، جیوه، سرب و عناصر کربن و فسفر (میلی&#8204;گرم در کیلوگرم) در سبزی شاهی به&#8204;ترتیب با 956/0، 701/0، 25/1، 5/98 و 3/10 در هر دو مورد به تیمار 115 گرم کود دی آمونیوم فسفات مربوط بود. نتایج آزمون تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین تیمار کود، لجن و شاهد و بین مقادیر 28، 57 و 115 گرم تیمار کود و لجن در سبزی شاهی از نظر غلظت فلزات سنگین و عناصر پر مصرف تفاوت معنی&#8204;دار آماری وجود داشت (050/0 &#62; p). 
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: از آن&#8204;جا که افزایش مقدار مصرف کود و لجن به خاک منجر به افزایش غلظت فلزات سنگین و عناصر پرمصرف در سبزی شاهی شده است، لذا، می&#8204;بایست در استفاده از کود و لجن در زمین&#8204;های کشاورزی دقت نظر صورت گیرد. همچنین، مشخص شد که بیشینه جذب فلزات سنگین و عناصر پرمصرف در سبزی شاهی به&#8204;ترتیب مربوط به تیمار لجن خام و کود دی آمونیوم فسفات بود که نشان&#8204;دهنده کیفیت بهتر کود کمپوست نسبت به کود شیمیایی و لجن خام است.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Long-term used of sewage sludge and fertilizer causes accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, which may lead to excessive absorption of these elements by plants and consequently entering these toxic metals into the human and animal food chain. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of bio-organic and chemical fertilizers application on the absorption of macronutrients and heavy metals in Lepidium sativum.
Materials &#38; Methods: In this descriptive study, the experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications in the environment and greenhouse conditions. Fertilizer treatments included chemical fertilizer treatment (diammonium phosphate), anaerobically digested sludge compost, sludge compost without digestion and raw sludge at the weight of 28, 57 and 115 g and control treatment. Finally, the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg and As and macronutrients including phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon in the leaf of L. sativum were measured using ICP-OES. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.
Results: The results showed that the maximum mean concentrations of As and nitrogen in L. sativum vegetables were 0.592 and 10.2 mg/kg in 115 g raw sludge treatment, the maximum mean concentration of Cd, Hg, Pb, carbon and phosphorus elements in L. sativum were 0.956, 0.701, 1.25, 98.5 and 10.3 mg/kg, respectively in 115 g treatment raw diammonium phosphate fertilizer. The results of variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between fertilizer, sludge and control treatment and there was a significant difference between amounts 28, 57 and 115 g from fertilizer treatment in L. sativum in terms of concentration of heavy metals and macronutrients (p &#60; 0.050).
Conclusion: In conclusion, it was concluded that increasing the amount of fertilizer and sludge in the soil leads to an increase in the concentration of heavy metals and macro nutrients in L. sativum. Therefore, in the use of fertilizers and sludge for agricultural lands, it is necessary to pay attention to this issue. It was also found that the highest uptake of heavy metals and macronutrients in L. sativum was related to raw sludge treatment and diammonium phosphate fertilizer, which is indicating better quality of compost with respect to chemical fertilizer and raw sludge.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>59</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>72</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2021/11/72021/09/282021/09/72021/07/22
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1400/4/31
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2021/12/182021/11/222021/11/292021/10/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1400/7/17
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مریم</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>یونسیان</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Younesian</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهرداد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>چراغی</Family>
				<NameE>M.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Cheraghi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سهیل</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>سبحان ‌اردکانی</Family>
				<NameE>S.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Sobhanardakani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>بهاره</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>لرستانی</Family>
				<NameE>B.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Lorestani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>هاجر</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>مریخ‌پور</Family>
				<NameE>H.</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Merrikhpour</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم خاک، استادیار گروه فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه سیدجمال‌الدین اسدآبادی، اسدآباد، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Bio-organic fertilizer</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Chemical fertilizer</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Heavy metals</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Macronutrient</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Lepidium sativum</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>کود آلی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>کود شیمیایی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>فلزات سنگین</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>عناصر پرمصرف</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سبزی شاهی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1 .	Seyed sharifi R, Heydari Siah Khalky MS. [The effect of biological fertilizers on growth indices and the part of transmission process of dry matter in wheat grain yield]. J Plant Res 2015; 28(2): 326-43 (In Persian).##2 .	Ming-gang XU, Dong-chu LI, Ju-mei LI, et al. Effects of organic manure application with chemical fertilizers on nutrient absorption and yield of rice in Hunan of Southern China. Agric Sci China 2008; 7(10): 1245-52.##3 .	Yazdanpanah A, Motalebifard R. [The effects of poultry manure and potassium fertilizer on yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and copper uptake of potato]. Soil Appl Res 2016; 4(2): 60-71 (In Persian).##4 .	Aulakh MS, Manchanda JS, Garg AK, et al. Crop production and nutrient use efficiency of conservation agriculture for soybean–wheat rotation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Northwestern India. Soil Till Res 2012; 120: 50-60.##5 .	Abbasi M, Najafi N, Aliasgharzad N, et al. [Effects of soil water conditions, sewage sludge, poultry manure and chemical fertilizers on the growth characteristics and water use efficiency of rice plant in a calcareous soil]. J Water Soil Knowl 2012; 23(1): 189-208 (In Persian).##6 .	Sobhanardakani S, Habibi M, Behbahaninia A. [Accumulation of Pb and Cd in tissue of leek (Allium ampeloprasum persicum) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) treated with sewage sludge of Qods town's treatment plant, Tehran]. J Food Hyg 2015; 5: 21-30 (In Persian).##7 .	Bolan NS, Duraisamy V. Role of inorganic and organic soil amendments on immobilisation and phytoavailability of heavy metals: a review involving specific case studies. Soil Res 2003; 41(3): 533-55.##8 .	Baran A, Cyci G, Kutuk C, et al. The effect of grape marc as growing medium on growth of hypostases plant. Biores Technol 2001; 78: 103-06.##9 .	Hosein Pour R, Ghajar Sepanlo M. 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[Effect of organic matter on soil chemical properties and corn yield and elemental uptake]. J Sci Technol Agric Nat Res 2001; 4(4): 19-29 (In Persian).##15 .	Al Zoubi MM, Arslan A, Abdelgawad G, et al. The effect of sewage sludge on productivity of a crop rotation of wheat, maize and vetch and heavy metals accumulation in soil and plant in Aleppo Governorate. J Agric Environ Sci 2008; 3(4): 618-25.##16 .	Wang X, Chen T, Yinghua G, et al. Studies on land application of sewage sludge and its limiting factors. J Hazard Mater 2008; 160(2-3): 554-58.##17 .	Khorshid M, Hosseinpur AS, Oustan Sh, et al. [Impacts of sewage sludge on phosphorus sorption characteristics and its availability in some calcareous soils]. J Crop Prod Process 2009; 12(46): 791-802 (In Persian).##18 .	Angin I, Yaghanoglu A. Effects of sewage sludge application on some physical and chemical properties of a soil affected by wind erosion. J Agric Sci Technol 2011; 13(5): 757-68.##19 .	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Health risk assessment of heavy metals for edible parts of vegetables grown in sewage-irrigated soils in suburbs of Baoding City China. Environ Monit Assess 2011; 11(4): 2204-06.##30 .	Sobhanardakani S. Potential health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of caviar of Persian sturgeon. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 123(1-2): 34-8.##31 .	Sobhanardakani S, Tayebi L, Hosseini SV. Health risk assessment of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, and Sn) through consumption of Caviar of Acipenser persicus from Southern Caspian Sea. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2018; 25(3): 2664-71.##32 .	USEPA. Human Health Risk Assessment. In Regional Screening Level-Summary Table; United States Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA, 2018.##33 .	Sobhanardakani S. Human health risk assessment of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn through consumption of raw and pasteurized cow's milk. Iran J Publ Health 2018; 47(8): 1172-80.##34 .	Selahvarzi S, Sobhanardakani S. 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The world health report 2002, reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. Technical Report.##45 .	Behbahaninia A, Mirbagheri SA, Khorasani N, et al. Heavy metal contamination of municipal effluent in soil and plants. J Food, Agric Environ 2009; 7(3-4): 851-6.##46 .	Perez-Murcia MD, Moral R, Moreno-Caselles J, et al. Use of composted sewage sludge in growth media for broccoli. Biores Technol 2006; 97: 123-30.##47 .	Harmanescu M, Alda LM, Bordean DM, et al. Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area a case study Banata county Romania. Chem Cent J 2011; 5(54):1-10.##48 .	Wang Y, Qiao M, Liu YY. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables and potential risk for human health. Sci Agr 2010; 69(1): 54-60.##49 .	Huguet NF, Cid R, Schuhmacher M, et al. Risk assessment of metals from consuming vegetables fruits and rice grown on soils irrigated with waters of the Ebro River in Catalonia Spain. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 123: 66-79.##50 .	Baba Akbari Sari M, Shakuri M, Hasani A. [Evaluation of heavy metals risk indices due to vegetable consumption in Varamin]. J Soil Manage Sustain Prod 2019; 9(1): 119-33 (In Persian## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>بررسی تأثیر آموزش بر نحوه پایش و نظارت از سامانه‌های آب‌رسانی روستایی در بهورزان شهرستان شهرضا در سال 1399</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Survey on effect of education on monitoring of rural water supply systems in health workers in Shahreza in 2020</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: عدم رعایت اصول صحیح پایش و نظارت توسط بهورزان بر سامانه&#8204;های آب آشامیدنی عمومی در روستاها می&#8204;تواند موجب افزایش شیوع بیماری&#8204;های منتقله از آب شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارتقای سطح دانش بهورزان و بهبود کاربرد دانش&#8204;آموخته شده توسط آنان از طریق مداخله آموزشی بر نحوه پایش و نظارت از سامانه&#8204;های آب&#8204;رسانی روستایی شهرستان شهرضا است.
روش کار: این مطالعه به&#8204;صورت مداخله&#8204;ای و به&#8204;صورت برگزاری دوره آموزشی برای 35 نفر از بهورزان شهرستان شهرضا انجام شد. به&#8204;منظور ارزیابی وضعیت موجود میزان دانش بهورزان، پیش&#8204;آزمون اجرا و سایر اطلاعات موردنیاز از چک&#8204;لیست سامانه&#8204;های آب&#8204;رسانی تکمیل&#8204;شده توسط بهورزان جمع&#8204;آوری &#8204;شد. پس از شناسایی ضعف دانش بهورزان، سرفصل&#8204;های دوره آموزشی تدوین و پس از برگزاری دوره، پس&#8204;آزمون بهورزان و مقایسه چک&#8204;لیست&#8204;های تکمیل&#8204;شده توسط بهورزان قبل از مداخله و پس از مداخله تأثیر آموزش انجام شد. بایستی ذکر شود که جهت تحلیل داده&#8204;ها و برای سنجش تأثیر مداخله آموزشی از نرم&#8204;افزار SPSS22 و آزمون&#8204;های t زوجی و ویلکاکسون استفاده گردید.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمره آگاهی بهورزان قبل و بعد از مداخله آموزشی به ترتیب برابر 6/8 &#177;2/46 و 2/8&#177;4/88 که نشان&#8204;دهنده وجود اختلاف معنادار قبل و بعد از مداخله آموزشی بود (001/0 &#60; P value). میانگین درصد ریسک سامانه&#8204;های آب&#8204;رسانی قبل و بعد از مداخله آموزشی به ترتیب برابر 2/5&#177; 4/35 و 6/7&#177;2/19 بود که نشان می&#8204;دهد میانگین درصد ریسک تمامی سامانه&#8204;های آب&#8204;رسانی بعد از مداخله به&#8204;طور معناداری کمتر از قبل از مداخله بود (001/0 &#60; P value).
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: بر اساس نتایج به&#8204;دست&#8204;آمده از پژوهش حاضر، مداخله آموزشی دارای تأثیر مثبت چشمگیر در ارتقاء سطح آگاهی و عملکرد بهورزان و همچنین موجب کاهش درصد ریسک سامانه&#8204;های آب&#8204;رسانی در روستا شد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Monitoring and supervising public water systems correctly by health workers in rural areas can reduce the prevalence of waterborne diseases. Through educational interventions in Shahreza city, we are aiming to improve health workers&#39; knowledge and increase their ability to apply what they have learned about monitoring and supervising rural water supply systems.
Materials and methods:
As a training course and as an intervention, Shahreza&#39;s health workers took part in this study.
We used a checklist of water supply systems completed by health workers to collect information about their level of knowledge, their pre-test results, and other relevant information about the current situation. After identifying the lack of knowledge of health workers, the topics the training course should cover were compiled. Following the training course, a post-test was administered to health workers, and checklists completed by the workers before and after the intervention were compared. Using SPSS22 software and paired t-tests and Wilcoxon tests, the data were analyzed, and the effects of the educational intervention measured.
Results: Before and after the educational intervention, the mean scores were 46.2&#177;8.6 and 88.4&#177;8.2, respectively, which indicated a significant difference (P value&#60;0.001).&#160;The average risk percentage of all water supply systems decreased from 35.4&#177;5.2 to 19.27&#177;7.6% after the educational intervention, which indicates that the average risk percentage was significantly lower after the intervention than before the intervention (P value&#60;0.001).
Conclusion: This study found that the educational interventions improved both the performance and knowledge of health workers, as well as reducing the risk associated with water supply systems in the rural area.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>73</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>84</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2021/11/72021/09/282021/09/72021/07/222021/11/16
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1400/8/25
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2021/12/182021/11/222021/11/292021/10/92021/12/11
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1400/9/20
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>غلامرضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>صادقی وصفی</Family>
				<NameE>Golamreza</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Sadeghi Vasafi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه آموزش جامعه نگر، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>علی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>فاتحی زاده</Family>
				<NameE>Ali</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Fatehizadeh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>فرشته</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>زمانی علویجه</Family>
				<NameE>Fereshteh</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Zamani-Alavijeh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>اکبر</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>حسن‌زاده</Family>
				<NameE>Akbar</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Hassanzadeh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه اپیدمیولوژی و آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Drinking water</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>water supply systems</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>monitoring</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>chlorination</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>آب آشامیدنی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سامانه‌های آب‌رسانی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>نظارت</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>کلرزنی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1 .	Nakhaei J, Bitarafan M, Joneidi M, Sattari F. Risk assessment for water supply systems in iran during crises using the RAMCAP method. Journal of Water and Wastewater. 2017; 28: 10-20 [In Persian].##2 .	Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Environmental health regulations. 1997; 3rd Edition. Tehran, Iran [In Persian].##3 .	Environmental and Occupational Health Center. A guide to surveillance of drinking water supply. Environmental Research Institute of Tehran University of Medical Science. 2013 Tehran, Iran [In Persian]. ##4 .	4. Eslami A, Ghaffari M, Barikbin B, Fanaei F. Assessment of safety in drinking water supply system of Birjand city using World Health Organization’s water safety plan. Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal. 2018: 5(1): 39-47.##5 .	Ansaripour S, Soleimani B, Sadri G H, Bahonar A. The effect of acute respiratory infection education by rural health technicians and Behvarz training center instructors on knowledge and practice of behaves. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2005; 5 (2) :33-39 [In Persian]##6 .	Yousefi H, Momeni M. Compromise programing for prioritizing the strategies of improving the education level to increase public involvement in sustainable development and protection of ground water resources. Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development. 2016: 5(1): 67-77 [In Persian].##7 .	Mohammadian Fm, Sadeghi GR, A survey on contamination of Zanjan drinking water supplies in 1999-2000.##8 .	Darkhor SM, Shaban M. Study of microbial and nitrate contamination in groundwater aquifers. Environmental Pollution Sampling and Monitoring. 2018; 3 (1): 607-618 [In Persian].##9 .	Abdolahnejad A, Shirdel E, Raesivand S, Ebrahimi A, Jafari N. Surveying, and zoning of nitrate concentration in groundwater resources in Freidan township, Iran, using geographic information system (GIS). Journal of Health System Research. 2018; 14(3): 390-395 [In Persian].##10 .	E. Shabankareh fard E, Hayati R, Dobaradaran S. Evaluation of physical, chemical, and microbial quality of distribution network drinking water in Bushehr, Iran. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2014: 15(4): 1-11 [In Persian].##11 .	Shahpasand MR, Savari M. Barriers to sustainable management of agricultural water resources for educating the farmers in the rural regions (study in the Qeshlaq dam area in Kurdistan Province). Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development. 2017: 5(3): 91-105 [In Persian].##12 .	Ghaemi A, Larijani M, Shobeiri SM, Sarmadi MR. A Conceptual Model for the Sustainable Governance of Integrated Management of National Water Resources with a Focus on Training and Capacity Building. Journal of Water and Wastewater. 2017: 28 (4): 112-117 [In Persian]## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>برآورد شرایط بحران آتش سوزی به صورت میزان انرژی ، زمان سوختن و ارتفاع شعله در انبار نفت1399</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Estimation of the criticality of a fire incidence in the form of energy rate, burning time, and flame height in the Karaj Petroleum Depot (1399)</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف : در صورت اشتعال و انفجار انبار نفت با توجه به تراکم بالای جمعیت اطراف آن، خسارت جانی و مالی فراوانی را در پی خواهد داشت. لذا درک نحوه ی گسترش آتش سوزی و مدل سازی حریق با استفاده از نرم افزار &#160;CFDبرای پیش بینی پیامد حوادث و اثرات بالقوه آنها بسیار کمک کننده می&#8204;باشد. این تحقیق برای اولین بار درکشور سناریوهای خطرناک و غیر منتظره انفجارو اشتعال در سایت های نفتی را با استفاده از نرم افزار پیشرفته فلوئنت ومشینگ مورد بررسی قرار داده و بدنبال حفظ سرمایه های جانی و مالی مناطق اطراف انبار نفت است.
مواد و روش&#160;ها:این مطالعه یک تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی می&#173;باشد که درسال 1399دریکی از انبارهای نفت کشور انجام گرفته است. به منظور تعیین نرخ انرژی حاصل از سوختن مخازن، ارتفاع شعله آتش و مدت زمان سوختن مخازن نفت ازفرمولHurly ونرم&#173;افزار Ansys Fluent 15 استفاده شد. در این روش با تقسیم ناحیه مورد نظربه المان&#8204;های کوچک&#8204;تر و اعمال&#160;شرایط مرزی&#160;برای گره&#8204;های مرزی، فاکتورهای موثر تعیین گردید.
یافته ها:انرژی و دمای ناشی ازسوختن مواد در کلیه مخازن حدود7/139072کیلووات و4000 درجه کلوین است. در صورت اشتعال و انفجارانبار نفت ،تقریبا 70 درجه سلسیوس به دمای محیط اضافه خواهد شد. مناطق مسکونی نزدیک به انبار نفت از جمله انبار غله، پادگان، زندان، مناطق مسکونی رزکان نو، بخش هایی از شهرک مسکونی بنفشه و محوطه راه&#8204;آهن که در این مسیر قرار داشته و بیشتر تحت تاثیر افزایش دمایی خواهند بود. بیشترین زمان برای سوختن مخزن شش ساعت و نیم و کمترین زمان حدودا 5 ساعت تخمین زده شد. بالاترین ارتفاع شعله 60/70 متر محاسبه گردید. 
نتیجه گیری : نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد اگر آتش سوزی درمخازن رخ دهد. مناطق مختلفی از جمله مسکونی و صنعتی درمسیر پخش و پراکنش آلودگی ناشی از حریق می&#8204;باشند. با توجه به شدت آلودگی تولید شده و وسعت مناطق درگیر خسارت های جانی و مالی قابل پیش بینی می&#8204;باشد. در این تحقیق مشخص شد افزایش قطر مخازن وظرفیت اسمی منجر به افزایش ارتفاع شعله شده ولی درزمان سوختن تاثیری ندارد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>In case of ignition and explosion of oil depot, it will cause a lot of human and financial losses because there is a large population around it. . Therefore, understanding how fire spread and fire modeling by using CFD software to predict the outcome of accidents and their potential effects are very helpful .This research examines for the first time dangerous and unexpected scenarios of explosion and ignition in oil sites using advanced Fluent and monitoring software in the country and seeks to preserve the life and financial assets of the areas around the oil depot.
Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical research that was conducted in 1399 in one of the country&#39;s oil depots. Hurly formula and Ansys Fluent 15 software were used to estimate the energy rate from burning tanks, flame height and burning time of oil tanks. In this method, effective factors by dividing the case area into smaller elements and applying boundary conditions for boundary nodes were determined
Results: Energy and temperature due to burning materials in all tanks is about 139072.7 kW and 4000 degrees Kelvin. In case of ignition and explosion of oil, ambient temperature will be added about 70 degrees Celsius. Residential areas closer to the oil depot, including the grain depot, barracks and prison, Razkan Noo residential areas, parts of Banafsheh residential town and the railway area along this route will be more affected by this increase in temperature. The maximum burning time of the tank is six and a half hours and the minimum time was estimated at about 5 hours. The highest flame was calculated to be 70.60 meters.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that if a fire occurs in the tanks. Different areas, including residential and industrial, are in the path of spreading pollution caused by fire. Due to the distance and severity of pollution produced, it can cause many financial and human losses. The results of this study showed that if a fire occurs in the tanks. Various areas are in the path of spreading pollution caused by fire, including residential and industrial, Due to the severity of pollution produced and the extent of areas involved it is predictable human and financial losses.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>85</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>100</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2021/11/72021/09/282021/09/72021/07/222021/11/162021/02/8
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1399/11/20
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2021/12/182021/11/222021/11/292021/10/92021/12/112021/09/18
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1400/6/27
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سیده آذر</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>موسوی فرد</Family>
				<NameE>Seyedeh Azar</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Mousavifard</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سید علی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>جوزی</Family>
				<NameE>Seyed Ali</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Jozi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>استاد تمام، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مژگان</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>زعیم دار</Family>
				<NameE>Mojgan</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Zaimdar</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران شمال، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>منصور</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>رضازاده آذری</Family>
				<NameE>Mansour</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Rezazadeh Azari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>استاد تمام،مرکز تحقیقات ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت‌ها و گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه‌ای وایمنی کار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی،دانشکده بهداشت، ایران، تهران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Energy rate</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Flame height</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Burning time</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Fluent Software</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Oil depot</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>نرخ انرژی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ارتفاع شعله</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مدت زمان سوختن</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>انبار نفت</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>نرم افزار فلوئنت</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1 .	Moradian M.J, Introduction to Planning In Disaster Management. 2012, 85.##2 .	Sadr Momtaz, N.; Tabebi, S.; Mahmode, M., A comparative study in disaster planning in selected countries. Tehran Univ. Med. J. 2008, 65, 14-19.##3 .	Yaqin Lou Mehrangiz ; Khalili Iraqi Maryam, Crisis and Crisis Management - Investigating the positive and negative effects of crisis in organizations. 2007.##4 .	Khankeh H, Hospital preparedness for accidents and disasters. Country program. 2013.##5 .	Moradian M.J, Introduction to Planning In Disaster Management. 2012, 85.##6 .	Gupta A K.; Nair S. S, Chemical (Industrial) Disaster Management, Trainer’s Module. NIDM 2016, 1-143.##7 .	Azadboni Reza Khodadadi; Wen Jennifer X; Heidari Ali, Numerical Modeling of Flame Acceleration and Transition from Deflagration to Detonation Using OpenFOAM®. In OpenFOAM®, Springer: 2019; pp 357-372.##8 .	Wang, Q.; Sun, Y.; Shu, C.-M.; Jiang, J.; Zhang, M.; Wang, Q.; Wang, X., Effect of separation distance on gas dispersion and vapor cloud explosion in a storage tank farm determined using computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 2020, 104282.##9 .	Tauseef, S.; Abbasi, T.; Pompapathi, V.; Abbasi, S., Case studies of 28 major accidents of fires/explosions in storage tank farms in the backdrop of available codes/standards/models for safely configuring such tank farms. Process saf environ 2018, 120, 331-338.##10 .	Leite Ricardo Machado; Centeno  Felipe Roman, Effect of tank diameter on thermal behavior of gasoline and diesel storage tanks fires. J. Hazard. Mater. 2018, 342 (15), 544-552.##11 .	Hurley M.l; Gottuk DT; Hall Jr; Harada K; Kuligowski ED; Puchovsky M; Torero jl; Watts Jr; Wieczorek CJ, SFPE  Handbook Fire Protection Engineering Manual,. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2565-0_38 2016, Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2564-3, 1262-1288 ##12 .	Beheshti Mohammad Hossein; Mosavianasl Zeynab; Tajpoor Ali; Hajizadeh Roohalah, Evaluation the Extent of Explosion, Ignition and Gas Leakage Consequences in Cylinders Containing 26.2-Liters of Liquid Gas, with Passive Defense Approach. Mil. Med 2018, 19 (6), 551-561.##13 .	Moshashaei, P.; Alizadeh, S. S.; Khazini, L.; Asghari-Jafarabadi, M., Investigate the causes of fires and explosions at external floating roof tanks: A comprehensive literature review. JFAP 2017, 17 (5), 1044-1052.##14 .	Wang, J.; Meng, X.; Ma, X.; Xiao, Q.; Liu, B.; Zhang, G., Experimental study on whether and how particle size affects the flame propagation and explosibility of oil shale dust. Process Saf. Prog 2019, 38 (3), e12075.##15 .	Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Deputy Minister of Food and Drugs. Avialable from: https://www.mazums.ac.ir/Dorsapax/Data/Sub_8/File/silo_gandom.pdf 2013.##16 .	Alinejad Tahereh; Bhassu Subha; Mustafa Firuza##17 .	Begham; Othman Rofina Yasmin, Innate immune system ##18 .	response against environmental temperature changes as a dangerous abiotic factor. Glob. Nest J 2020, 22 (4), 522-534.##19 .	Ahmad Alizadeh Larimi; Jamshid Yazdani Charati; Seyed Hojjat Mousavi Kordmiri; Sepideh Kamali, Evaluation of Thermal Stress Indices among Employees of Bojnord Cement Factory, in 2019. J. Community Health Res 2020, 6 (2), 1-10.##20 .	Kariznovi Hamid; Farshad Ali Asghar; Yarahmadi Rasoul; Khosravi Yahya; Yari Peyman, Consequence Analysis of fire and explosion of a cylindrical LPG tank in a selected industry of oil and gas. Iran Occup. Health 2017, 14 (3), 37-45.##21 .	Piang L imwan; Ahmad Arshad, Mathematical modelling and simulation of heat dispersion due to fire and explosion. J. Teknol. F 2002, 37 (1), 15-26.##22 .	He Peixiang; Xu Runzhe; Liu Qin; Wang Peng; Liu Xiaoping; Tao Changfa, The evolution of flame length for the oil tank fire with different top cover widths and lip heights. J Loss Prev Process Ind J LOSS PREVENT 2020, 64 (1), 104070.##23 .	Ping, P.; He, X.; Kong, D.; Wen, R.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, P., An experimental investigation of burning rate and flame tilt of the boilover fire under cross air flows. Applied Thermal Engineering 2018, 133 (1), 501-511.##24 .	Tang F; Hu LH; Delichatsios MA; Lu KH; Zhu W, Experimental study on flame height and temperature profile of buoyant window spill plume from an under-ventilated compartment fire. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. INT J HEAT MASS 2012, 55 (1-3), 93-101.##25 .	Yi, H.; Feng, Y.; Park, H.; Wang, Q., Configuration predictions of large liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) pool fires using CFD method. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 2020, 65, 104099.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>شبیه سازی سنتز متانول با هیدروژناسیون دی اکسید کربن بازیافت شده از گازهای احتراق واحد کت کراکر پالایشگاه آبادان</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Simulation of methanol synthesis by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide recovered from combustion gases of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit of Abadan Refinery</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و اهداف: پالایشگاه&#8204;ها حدودا چهار درصد از انتشار جهانی دی اکسید کربن را تولید می&#8204;کنند، نزدیک به یک میلیارد تن در سال. در سطح جهان، بخش پالایش پس از بخش تولید برق و صنعت سیمان رتبه سوم در بین تولیدکنندگان ثابت دی اکسید کربن را دارد. این گاز گلخانه ای عامل اصلی گرمایش جهانی و تغییر اقلیم می&#8204;باشد و خطری جدی برای سلامت انسان و محیط زیست می&#8204;باشد. یکی از راهکارهای کاهش این گاز گلخانه ای در اتمسفر، کاهش دی اکسید کربن از طریق برگشت پذیر کردن این گاز در چرخه سوخت می&#8204;باشد. واحد کت کراکر یکی از منابع انتشار این گاز گلخانه ای در پالایشگاه آبادان می&#8204;باشد که مقدار 230 تن در ساعت گازهای احتراق تولید می&#8204;کند و دارای ۷/۱۲ درصد مولی دی اکسید کربن می&#8204;باشد. شناسایی منابع انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن در پالایشگاه آبادان و شبیه سازی جذب شیمیایی این گاز گلخانه ای و تبدیل آن به سوخت متانول از اهداف این پژوهش می&#8204;باشد. 
روش کار: در این پژوهش میزان غلظت دی اکسید کربن خروجی از منابع انتشار پالایشگاه آبادان توسط دستگاه Testo 350-XL و کروماتوگرافی گازی اندازه گیری شده است. با توجه به اینکه مقدار غلظت دی اکسید کربن در گازهای احتراق واحد کت کراکر بیشترین مقدار را داشت، لذا با استفاده از نرم افزار Aspen Hysys شبیه سازی جذب شیمیایی دی اکسید کربن از گازهای احتراق برج احیاء واحد کت کراکر با حلال دی اتانول آمین ۳۰٪ وزنی انجام و طی یک واکنش هیدروژناسیون به متانول تبدیل شده است. در نهایت محاسبات اقتصادی طرح انجام گردید.
یافته ها: راندمان کلی جذب شیمیایی دی اکسید کربن در شبیه سازی با نرم افزار ۹۲% و درجه خلوص CO2 بازیافتی 6/9۴٪ بدست آمده است. با این روش می&#8204;توان ۱۰۰۳ تن در روز دی اکسید کربن واحد کت کراکر را جذب و بازیافت نمود و به محصول متانول تبدیل کرد. در شبیه سازی تبدیل دی اکسید کربن بازیابی شده به سوخت متانول، مقدار ۶۸۶ تن در روز متانول با درجه خلوص ۸/۹۹% بدست آمد. محاسبات اقتصادی طرح نشان می&#8204;دهد که هزینه کاهش انتشار هر تن دی اکسید کربن ۱۹ دلار می&#8204;باشد. میزان نرخ داخلی بازگشت سرمایه این طرح ۲۲٪ و ارزش خالص فعلی طرح ۹۲ میلیون دلار می&#8204;باشد. بازگشت سرمایه این طرح ۳ سال می&#8204;باشد.
نتیجه گیری: دی اتانول آمین راندمان بالایی در جذب دی اکسید کربن از گازهای احتراق دارد. با روش جذب شیمیایی با آمین می&#8204;توان آلاینده دی اکسید کربن را از گازهای احتراق تولیدی در پالایشگاهها بازیافت نمود و بعنوان خوراک ارزان برای تولید سوخت متانول استفاده نمود . با این روش علاوه بر ایجاد ارزش افزوده، از انتشار این گاز گلخانه ای به محیط زیست جلوگیری می&#8204;گردد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Refineries produce about four percent of the global carbon dioxide emissions, close to one billion tons per year. Globally, the refining sector is the third largest producer of carbon dioxide after the electricity generation and cement industry.This greenhouse gases is a major cause of global warming and climate change and is a serious threat to human health and the environment. One way to reduce this greenhouse gas into the atmosphere is to reduce carbon dioxide by reversing this gas in the fuel cycle.The Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit (FCCU) is one of the emissions sources of this greenhouse gas in Abadan Refinery,which produces 230 tons per hour of combustion gases,it has 12.7% mole of carbon dioxide. Identifying the sources of carbon dioxide emissions in Abadan Refinery and simulating the chemical absorption of this greenhouse gas and converting it into methanol fuel is one of the objectives of this study.
&#160;Methods: In this research, the concentration of carbon dioxide emitted from the emission sources of Abadan Refinery has been measured by Testo 350-XL and GC. Due to the fact that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the combustion gases of the FCC unit was the highest amount, so the chemical absorption of carbon dioxide from the combustion gases of this unit by 30 wt% diethanolamine solvent and converted into methanol during a hydrogenation reaction has been simulated with Aspen Hysys software. Finally, the economic calculations of the project were performed.
Results: The overall efficiency of chemical absorption of CO2 in the simulation with software is 92% and the purity of captured CO2 is 94.6%. With this method, 1003 ton per day of carbon dioxide in FCC unit can be absorbed and recovered and also converted into methanol product. In the simulation of the conversion of recovered carbon dioxide into methanol, the amount of 686 ton per day of methanol with a purity of 99.8% was obtained. The economic calculations of the project show that the cost of reducing emissions per ton of carbon dioxide is $ 19. The internal rate of return on the project is 22% and the net present value of the project is $ 92 million. The return time on investment of this project is 3 years.
Conclusion: Diethanolamine has a high efficiency in absorbing carbon dioxide from combustion gases.By chemical absorption method with this amine, carbon dioxide pollutant can be recovered from combustion gases that produced in refineries and used as an inexpensive feed to produce methanol fuel.This method, in addition to creating added value, prevented the emission of this greenhouse gas into the environment.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>101</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>124</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2021/11/72021/09/282021/09/72021/07/222021/11/162021/02/82021/07/23
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1400/5/1
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2021/12/182021/11/222021/11/292021/10/92021/12/112021/09/182021/11/23
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1400/9/2
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>نادر</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>نیک اقبالی سی سخت</Family>
				<NameE>Nader</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Nikeghbali Sisakht</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه مهندسی محیط زیست،واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، اهواز،ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مریم</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>محمدی روزبهانی</Family>
				<NameE>Maryam</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Mohammedi Rouzbahani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه محیط زیست،واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، اهواز،ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سیما</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>سبزعلیپور</Family>
				<NameE>Sima</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Sabzalipour</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه محیط زیست،واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، اهواز،ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>CO2 Chemical Absorption</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>FCCU</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Diethanolamine</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Methanol</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Aspen Hysys Simulation</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>جذب شیمیایی دی اکسید کربن</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>واحد کت کراکر</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>دی اتانول آمین</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>متانول</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>شبیه سازی با آسپن هایسیس</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1.	Lee J, Kim J, Kim H, et al. A new modeling approach for a CO2 capture process based on a blended amine solvent. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 2019; 61:206-214##2.	Machida H, Ando R, Esaki T, et al .Modelling of CO2 solubility in phase separation solvent composed of Amine/ether/water system for CO2 capture. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2019; 292:111411##3.	Xiao M, Liu H, Gao H, Liang Z, et al .CO2 absorption with aqueous tertiary amine solutions: Equilibrium Solubility and thermodynamic modeling. J. Chem. Thermodynamics 2018; 122: 170–182##4.	Moullec Y, Neveux Th, Azki A, et al .Process modifications for solvent-based post-combustion CO2 capture. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2014; 31: 96-112.##5.	Ohashi Y, Ogawa T, Suzuki K, et al. Development of CO2 Removal System from the Flue Gas of Coal fired power plant. Energy Procedia 2011; 4:29 –34##6.	Nakamura Sh, Yamanaka Y, Matsuyama T, et al .IHI, s Amine-based CO2 Capture Technology for Coal fired power plant. Energy Procedia 2013; 37: 1897 –1903##7.	Bui M, Tait P, Lucquiaud M, et al. Dynamic operation and modelling of amine-based CO2 capture at pilot scale. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2018; 79:134-153##8.	Wang M,  Joel A,  Ramshaw C, et al. Process intensification for post-combustion CO2 capture with chemical absorption: A critical review. Applied Energy 2015; 158: 275-291.##9.	Mazari S. A, Brahim S. A, Badrul M.J, et al. An overview of solvent management and emissions of amine-based CO2 capture technology. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2015; 34:129-140.##10.	Abdollahi F, Craig I, Neisiani M, et al. CO2 capture from Sulphur Recovery Unit Tail Gas by Shell Cansolv technology. Energy Procedia 2017; 114: 6266-6271##11.	Idem R, Supap T, Huancong Shi, et al. Practical experience in post-combustion CO2 capture using reactive solvents in large pilot and demonstration plants. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2015; 40: 6-25##12.	Van-Dal E.S, Bouallou Ch, et al. CO2 Abatement through a Methanol Production Process. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 2012; 29:463-468 ##13.	Dubois L, Thomas D. Comparison of various configurations of the absorption-regeneration process using different solvents for the post-combustion CO2 capture applied to cement plant flue gases. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2018; 69:20-35##14.	Atsonios K, Panopoulos  D, Emmanuel Kakaras, et al. Thermo catalytic CO2 hydrogenation for methanol and ethanol production: Process improvements. International Journal Hydrogen Energy 2015; 1 -1 5##15.	Luu M, Milani D, Bahadori A, et al .A comparative study of CO2 utilization in methanol synthesis with various syngas production technologies. Journal of CO2 Utilization 2015; 12:62-76 ##16.	Zhao X, Cui Q, Wang B, et al.  Recent progress of amine modified sorbents for capturing CO2 from flue gas. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018; 26: 2292-2302##17.	Kalatjari H.R., Haghtalab A, Nasr M.R.J, et al. Experimental, simulation and thermodynamic modeling of an acid gas Removal pilot plant for CO2 capturing by mono-ethanol amine solution. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 2019; 72: 103001##18.	Erik Øi L, Brathen T, Berg Ch, et al. Optimization of configurations for amine based CO2 absorption using Aspen Hysys. Energy Procedia 2014; 51: 224 –233##19.	Erik Øi L. Comparison of Aspen Hysys and Aspen Plus simulation of CO2 absorption into MEA from atmospheric gas. Energy Procedia 2012; 23: 360 –369##20.	Brikelund E.S.CO2 Absorption and Desorption Simulation with Aspen Hysys.M.sc thesis, University of Tromso, Norway 2013##21.	Dubois L, Thomas D. Simulations of various configurations of the post-combustion CO2 capture process applied to a cement plant flue gas: parametric study with different solvents. Energy Procedia 2017; 114: 1409 –1423##22.	Plaza J.M., Wagener D. V, Rochelle G.T, et al. Modeling CO2 Capture with Aqueous Mono ethanol amine. Energy Procedia1 2009; 1171-1178##23.	Laribi S, Dubois L, Weireld G. D, et.al.Study of the post-combustion CO2 capture process by absorption regeneration using amine solvents applied to cement plant flue gases with high CO2 contents. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2019; 90: 102799##24.	Goo shin J, sang kwak .A study of the CO2 capture pilot plant by amine absorption. Energy 2012; 128: 41-46##25.	Perez-Fortes M, Bocin-Dumitriu A, Tzimas E, et al.CO2 Utilization Pathways: Techno-Economic Assessment and Market Opportunities. Energy Procedia 2014; 63: 7968 – 7975##26.	Perez-Fortes M, Schoneberger J. C, Boulamanti A, et al. Methanol synthesis using captured CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental assessment. Applied Energy 2016; 161: 718–732##27.	Wilson H, et al .Abadan Refinery new FCCU Operating manual book. 2008; 330##28.	Kohl A. L, Nielsen R.B. Gas Purification. Fifth Edition.1997; 1414##29.	Metz B, Davidson O, Meyer L, et al. IPCC Special Report on CO2 Capture and Storage. First Edition.2005; 443##30.	Maddox R.N .Gas conditioning and processing book. 1982; Vol. 4##31.	Vega F, Cano M, Gallego L. M, et al. Evaluation of MEA 5M performance at different CO2 concentrations of flue gas tested at a CO2 capture lab-scale plant. Energy Procedia 2017; 114: 6222 – 6228##32.	Vega F, Cano M, Camino S, et al. Evaluation of the absorption performance of amine-based solvents for CO2 capture based on partial oxy-combustion approach.  International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2018; 73: 95 – 103##33.	Xiao M, Liu H, Idem R, et.al. A study of structure–activity relationships of commercial tertiary amines for post-combustion CO2 capture. Applied Energy 2016; 184: 219–229##34.	Muchan P, Saiwan C, Idem R,  et al. screening tests of aqueous alkanol amine solutions based on primary, secondary, and tertiary structure for blended aqueous amine solution selection in post combustion CO2 capture.  Chemical Engineering Science 2017; 170:574–582##35.	El Hadri N, Quang D.V, Goetheer E.L.V, et al. Aqueous amine solution characterization for post-combustion CO2 capture process. Applied Energy 2017; 185: 1433-1449##36.	Aspen Technology. Aspen one, Aspen Hysys software, user manual book, Version 6.5; 2006##37.	Van-Dal E.S, Bouallou Ch. Design and simulation of a methanol production plant from CO2 hydrogenation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2013; 57: 38-45##38.	Bahruji H, Bowker M, Hutchings G, et al .Pd/ZnO catalysts for direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Journal of Catalysis 2016; 343: 133–146##39.	Xu j, Su Xi, Liu xi, et al. Methanol Synthesis from CO2 and H2 over Pd/ZnO/Al2O3: Catalyst Structure Dependence of Methanol Selectivity. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2016; 514: 51-59##40.	Milani. D, Khalilpour R, Zahedi Gh, et al. A model-based analysis of CO2 utilization in methanol synthesis plant. Journal of CO2 Utilization 2015; 10: 12–22##41.	Saeidi S, Najari S, Fazlollahi F, et al .Mechanisms and kinetics of CO2 hydrogenation to value-added products: A detailed review on current status and future trends. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 80: 1292–1311##42.	Rahmandost E, Rozbehani B, Maddahi M.H.Experimental studies of CO2 capturing from flue gases.Iranian journal of oil&#38; gas science and technology 2014; 4: 01–15## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>تعیین محتوی، منشاء‌یابی و ارزیابی خطر سلامت ترکیبات پلی‌کلره بی‌فنیل (PCBs) در خاک سطحی برخی کاربری‌های مناطق شمالی، شرقی و غربی شهر تهران</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Analysis, source identification and health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface soils from different land types of northern, eastern and western parts of city of Tehran, Iran</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: بی&#173;فنیل&#8204;های چندکلره (PCBs) در زمره ترکیبات آلی دیرپا با قابلیت تجمع&#8204;زیستی، پایداری در محیط و تاثیر بر&#160;سلامت&#160;انسان و محیط هستند. از این&#8204;رو، این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی، تعیین مقادیر، منشاء&#8204;یابی و ارزیابی خطر سلامت PCBها در نمونه&#8204;های خاک سطحی برخی از انواع زمین در مناطق شمالی، شرقی و غربی شهر تهران در سال 1398 انجام شد.
مواد و روش&#173;ها: در این پژوهش توصیفی-مقطعی، در مجموع 45 نمونه خاک سطحی از 15 ایستگاه نمونه&#8204;برداری واقع در مناطق تجاری، مسکونی، آموزشی-فرهنگی، فضای سبز شهری و حاشیه خیابان جمع&#8204;آوری شد و پس از استخراج آنالیت&#8204;ها، از روش کروماتوگرافی گازی-طیف&#8204;سنجی جرمی (GC-MS) برای شناسایی و تعیین محتوی ترکیبات PCB در نمونه&#8204;ها استفاده شد. پردازش آماری نتایج نیز با استفاده از نرم&#8204;افزار SPSS انجام شد.
یافته&#173;ها: نتایج بیان&#8204;گر شناسایی 13 ترکیب PCB در نمونه&#8204;های خاک بود. از طرفی، کمینه، بیشینه و میانگین غلظت مجموع PCBها به&#8204;ترتیب برابر با 031/0، 1/23 و 77/6 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم بود. همچنین، با توجه به نتایج آزمون تحلیل عاملی (PCA) و سهم زیاد غلظت همولوگ&#8204;های سبک از کل غلظت PCBهای شناسایی شده در نمونه&#8204;ها، وجود ترکیبات PCB در نمونه&#8204;ها را احتمالاً می&#8204;توان با فرآیند احتراق ترکیبات حاوی اتم کلر مرتبط دانست. مقادیر فاکتور سرطان&#8204;زایی ناشی از قرار گرفتن در معرض 189PCB به&#8204;عنوان تنها ترکیب PCB شناسایی شده واجد عامل هم ارزی سمیت (TEF)، نشان داد که مواجهه با خاک آلوده، منجر به &#34;سرطان&#8204;زایی خیلی کم&#34; ناشی از مواجهه با این همولوگ خواهد شد. 
نتیجه&#173;گیری: به&#8204;طور کلی، با توجه به مخاطره سلامت ناشی از قرار گرفتن در معرض ترکیبات PCB، نسبت به شناسایی، تعیین محتوی، منشاء&#8204;یابی و نظارت منظم و دوره&#8204;ای این ترکیبات در محیط&#8204;های مختلف به&#8204;ویژه آب و خاک و تلاش برای کنترل منابع تولید آن&#8204;ها به منظور حفظ سلامت محیط و شهروندان توصیه می&#8204;شود.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that due to their characteristics including bioaccumulation potential and persistence in the environment; can pose adverse effects on human and environmental health. Therefore, this study was performed to analysis, source identification and health risk assessment of PCBs in surface soil samples collected from some land types of northern, eastern and western parts of city of Tehran in 2019.
Materials &#38; Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 45 surface soil samples were collected from 15 sampling sites including business districts, residential areas, cultural and educational areas, public green space and roadside. After extraction of analytes, the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC&#8211;MS) method was used to determination of PCBs in the soil specimens. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software.
Results: Based on the results obtained, 13 congeners of PCBs were detected in the analyzed soil samples. Also, the minimum, maximum and mean concentrations of &#8721;13PCBs (&#181;g/kg) were 0.031, 23.1 and 6.77, respectively. Moreover, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) and significant distribution of low molecular weight homologues of PCBs in the analyzed soil samples indicated that the presence of PCB compounds in the soil samples would be connected with combustion processes in the soil. Besides, since among the detected PCBs, the TEF values only established for PCB189, therefore, exposure to contaminated soil with this congener could be lead to a &#34;very low level of carcinogenic risk&#34;. 
Conclusion: Given that PCBs have adverse effects on the environment and human health, detection, content determination, source identification and periodic monitoring of these compounds in different mediums especially water and soil for human and environmental health maintenance are recommended</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>125</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>144</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2021/11/72021/09/282021/09/72021/07/222021/11/162021/02/82021/07/232021/08/23
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1400/6/1
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2021/12/182021/11/222021/11/292021/10/92021/12/112021/09/182021/11/232021/11/22
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1400/9/1
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سمیرا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>رنجبران</Family>
				<NameE>Samira</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Ranjbaran</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سهیل</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>سبحان اردکانی</Family>
				<NameE>Soheil</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Sobhanardakani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهرداد</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>چراغی</Family>
				<NameE>Mehrdad</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Cheraghi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>بهاره</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>لرستانی</Family>
				<NameE>Bahareh</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Lorestani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مریم</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>کیانی صدر</Family>
				<NameE>Maryam</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Kiani Sadr</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country>ایران</Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Soil contamination</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Polychlorinated biphenyls</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Carcinogenic risk</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Multivariate analysis</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Tehran.</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>آلودگی خاک</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ترکیبات پلی‌کلره بی‌فنیل</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>تحلیل چندمتغیره</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>خطر سرطان‌زایی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>تهران.</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1.	Mohammadi Roozbahani M, Sobhanardakani S, Karimi H, et al. Natural and anthropogenic source of heavy metals pollution in the soil samples of an industrial complex; a case study. Iran J Toxicol 2015; 9(29): 1336-41.##2.	Sobhanardakani S, Ghoochian M, Taghavi L. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface sediment of the Darreh-Morad Beyg River. Iran J Health Sci 2016; 4(3): 22-34.##3.	Hazratzadeh Sh, Sobhanardakani S. [Assessment of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu contamination in surface soils of urban parks in city of Hamedan]. Iran J Soil Res 2018; 32(3): 399-413 (In Persian).##4.	Nikravesh M, Karimi A, Esfandyarpur E, et al. [Assessment of surface soil pollution with selected heavy metals in Semnan industrial complex and surrounding areas]. J Nat Environ 2017; 70(1): 211-26 (In Persian).##5.	Mohammadi SM, Lorestani B, Sobhanardakani S, et al. 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