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بررسی میزان غلظت ذرات معلق (PM2.5 و PM10) و ارتباط آن با میزان مرگ در اثر بیماری‌های قلبی عروقی وتنفسی در سوسنگرد طی سال‌های 95-1393 Evaluation of Suspended Particles Concentration (PM2.5 and PM10) and its Relationship with Death Rate Due to Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases 2014-2017, in Susangard City, Khuzestan Province, Iran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آلودگی هوا به دلیل تأثیرات جدی اثبات شده بر سلامت انسان، یک مسئله مهم زیست محیطی است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی میزان غلظت ذرات معلق (PM2.5 و PM10) و ارتباط آن با میزان مرگ در اثر بیماری‌های قلبی عروقی وتنفسی در سوسنگرد طی سال‌های 95-1393 بود. مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه به صورت مقطعی برای ارزیابی اثرات بهداشتی PM10 و PM2.5 با استفاده از نرم افزار AirQ انجام شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین میانگین سالانه غلظت PM2.5 و PM10 در سال 1395 بود که به ترتیب شامل 07/58، 89/356 میکروگرم بر مترمکعب بود. بالاترین و پایین‌ترین میانگین غلظت PM2.5 به ترتیب در ماه فروردین و آذر و بالاترین و پایین‌ترین میانگین غلظت  PM10در ماه تیر و آبان مشاهده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل روزانه نشان داد که 178 روز گرد و غباری در سه سال مطالعه وجود دارد که شدیدترین روز گرد و غباری در سال 1395رخ داده است. درصد مرگ و میر کلی منتسب به PM2.5 در افراد بالای 30 سال با توجه به برآورد حد وسط خطر نسبی در سال 95- 1393 به ترتیب برابر با 23/25 %، 6/20% و 21/24%، درصد مرگ و میر منتسب به بیماری ایسکمی قلبی به ترتیب برابر 87/62%، 74/60 %، 62/43 % بود. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشانگر اثرات بهداشتی منتسب بهPM2.5  شامل مرگ به همه دلایل، مرگ‌های قلبی‌عروقی و تنفسی در شهر سوسنگرد بود که نیازمند توجه هر چه بیشتر مسئولین و متخصصین امر جهت کنترل آلودگی هوا می‌باشد.   2 Background: Air pollution is an important environmental issue due to its proven serious impacts on human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of suspended particles (PM2.5 and PM10) and its relationship with the rate of death due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Susangard during 2014-2016. Methods: This study was performed cross -sectional to assess health impacts of PM2.5 and PM10 by using Air Q software. Results: The results showed that the highest annual average concentration was of PM2.5 and PM10 in 2016, which consisted of 58.07 and 356.89 μg/m3, respectively. The highest and lowest average concentration of PM2.5 was observed in April and December, respectively, and the highest and lowest average concentration of PM10 in July and November. Daily analysis showed that there was 178 dusty out of three years of the study, the most severe dust day occurred in 2016. Percentage of overall mortality attributed to PM2.5 in people over 30 years of age according to the estimate of the average relative risk in 2014-16 equal to 25.23%, 20.6% and 24.21%, The mortality attributed to ischemic heart disease was 62.87%, 60.74% and 43.62%, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the health effects attributed to PM2.5 included mortality for all-causes, cardiovascular and respiratory deaths in the city of Susangerd, which requires more attention from officials and specialists to control air pollution. 145 156 2022/02/17 1400/11/28 2022/05/7 1401/2/17 عبدالکاظم نیسی Abdolkazem Neisi دانشیار، گروه بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات آلودگی هوا و بیماریهای تنفسی، دانشگاه علو پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران. ایران غلامرضا گودرزی Gholamreza Goudarzi دانشیار، گروه بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات آلودگی هوا و بیماریهای تنفسی، دانشگاه علو پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران کامبیز احمدی انگالی Kambiz Ahmadi Angali دانشیار، گروه آمار حیاتی و اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات آلودگی هوا و بیماریهای تنفسی، دانشگاه علو پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران. ایران سید حمید نجات Seyed Hamid Nejat گروه بهداشت محیط ، دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات آلودگی هوا و بیماریهای تنفسی ، دانشگاه علو پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران Air pollution AirQ software Susangerd PM2.5 and PM10 آلودگی هوا نرم افزار AirQ سوسنگرد PM2.5 و PM10 1. Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJ, et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The lancet 2018;391(10119): 462-512.##Smith RL, Davis JM, Sacks J, et al. Regression models for air pollution and daily mortality: analysis of data from Birmingham, Alabama. Environmetrics: The official journal of the International Environmetrics Society 2000;11(6): 719-43.##https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-095X(200011/12)11:63.0.CO;2-U##Brook RD, Franklin B, Cascio W, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association. Circulation 2004;109(21): 2655-71.##Maleki H, Sorooshian A, Goudarzi G, et al. Air pollution prediction by using an artificial neural network model. Clean Technol Environ Policy 2019;21(6): 1341-52.##Geravandi S, Goudarzi G, Yari AR, et al. An estimation of COPD cases and respiratory mortality related to ground-level ozone in the metropolitan Ahvaz during 2011. Archives of Hygiene Sciences 2016;5(1): 15-21. (in Persian).##Eskandari Z, Maleki H, Neisi A, et al. Temporal fluctuations of PM 2.5 and PM 10, population exposure, and their health impacts in Dezful city, Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020;18(2): 723-31.##Rad HD, Assarehzadegan M-A, Goudarzi G, et al. Do Conocarpus erectus airborne pollen grains exacerbate autumnal thunderstorm asthma attacks in Ahvaz, Iran? Atmos Environ 2019;213: 311-25.##Radmanesh E, Maleki H, Goudarzi G, et al. Cerebral ischemic attack, epilepsy and hospital admitted patients with types of headaches attributed to PM10 mass concentration in Abadan, Iran. Aeolian Res 2019;41: 100541.##Burnett R, Chen H, Szyszkowicz M, et al. Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2018;115(38): 9592-7.##Naddafi K, Hassanvand M, Faridi S. Review of studies on air quality status and its health effects in Iran. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2019;12(1):151-72. (in Persian).##Mesbahzadeh T, Alipour N. Evaluation of drought impact on Frequency of dust phenomenon occurrence by SPI, PNI and ZSI indexes. J Renge Watershed Manag. Res 2018;71(2): 505-15. (in Persian).##Reed L, Nugent K. The health effects of dust storms in the Southwest United States. The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 2018;6(22): 42-6.##Faridi S, Niazi S, Yousefian F, et al. Spatial homogeneity and heterogeneity of ambient air pollutants in Tehran. Sci Total Environ 2019;697: 134123.##Goudarzi G, Shirmardi M, Naimabadi A, et al. Chemical and organic characteristics of PM2. 5 particles and their in-vitro cytotoxic effects on lung cells: The Middle East dust storms in Ahvaz, Iran. Sci Total Environ 2019;655: 434-45.##Goudarzi G, Sorooshian A, Maleki H. Local and Long-range transport dust storms over the city of Ahvaz: a survey based on spatiotemporal and geometrical properties. Pure Appl Geophys 2020: 1-19.##Neisi A, Vosoughi M, Idani E, et al. Comparison of normal and dusty day impacts on fractional exhaled nitric oxide and lung function in healthy children in Ahvaz, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2017;24(13): 12360-71.##Yousefian F, Faridi S, Azimi F, et al. Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012-2017. Sci Rep 2020;10(1): 1-11.##Nourizadeh H, H B. Investigating the relationship of dust concentration with surface moisture and particle size distribution of soil using a portable wind erosion simulator: A case study of the west regions of Khuzestan province. The Journal of Geographical Research on Desert Areas 2015;3(1): 183-67. [In Persian].##Arami SA, Ownegh M, MohammadianBehbahani A, et al. The analysis of dust hazard studies in southwest region of Iran in 22 years (1996-2017). Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazarts 2018;5(1): 39-66. [In Persian].##Cohen AJ, Ross Anderson H, Ostro B, et al. The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution. J Toxicol Environ Health - A 2005;68(13-14): 1301-7.##Hedayatzadeh F, Ildoromi A, Hassanzadeh N. Analysis of air quality based on particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by using two methods USEPA-AQI and IND-AQI and EF Factor in Ahwaz city in 2016 and 2017. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020;0(0): 57-75. [In Persian].##Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Saeidimehr S, et al. Estimation of health effects for PM10 exposure using of Air Q model in Ahvaz City during 2009. ijhe 2015, 8(1):117-126. [In Persian].##Gharehchahi E, Mahvi AH, Amini H, et al. Health impact assessment of air pollution in Shiraz, Iran: a two-part study. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2013;11(1): 1-8.##Nourmoradi H, Goudarzi G, Daryanoosh SM, et al. Health impacts of particulate matter in air using AirQ model in Khorramabad city, Iran. J Basic Res 2015;2(2): 44-52.##Barzeghar V, Gholampour A, Hassanvand MS. Spatiotemporal trend of ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 and 10 μm and ozone in Tabriz city, Iran, during 2006-2017. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2021;14(2): 261-84. [In Persian].##Gurjar B, Jain A, Sharma A, et al. Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution. Atmos Environ 2010;44(36): 4606-13.##Fattore E, Paiano V, Borgini A, et al. Human health risk in relation to air quality in two municipalities in an industrialized area of Northern Italy. Environ Res 2011;111(8): 1321-7.##Shahsavani A, Naddafi K, Haghighifard NJ, et al. The evaluation of PM10, PM2. 5, and PM1 concentrations during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events in Ahvaz, Iran, from april through september 2010. J Arid Environ 2012;77: 72-83.##Gholampour A, Nabizadeh R, Naseri S, et al. Exposure and health impacts of outdoor particulate matter in two urban and industrialized area of Tabriz, Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2014;12(1): 1-10.##Kamani H, Hassanvand MS, Khammari A, Haghighat S. Trend of ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm and smaller inZahedan city in 2018-2019. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2021;13(4): 639-52. [In Persian].##Huang W, Long E, Wang J, et al. Characterizing spatial distribution and temporal variation of PM10 and PM2. 5 mass concentrations in an urban area of Southwest China. Atmos Pollut Res 2015;6(5): 842-8.##Abdolahnejad A, Jafari N, Mohammadi A, et al. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and total mortality ascribed to PM10 and PM2. 5 exposure in Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2017;6.##Kermani M, Dowlati M, Fallah Jokandan S, et al. Study of Air Quality Health Index and its Application in Seven Cities of Iran in 2011. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences 2017;19(12): 78-88. [In Persian].##Mokhtari M, Hajizadeh Y, Mohammadi A, et al. Ambient variations of benzene and toluene in Yazd, Iran, using geographic information system. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2016;26(138): 131-9. [In Persian].##35.Mansouri B, Azadi N, Mohammadi A, et al. Assessment of air quality in Sanandaj City and its association with cardiovascular-respiratory diseases, and preterm birth in 2015-16. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Medical Sci 2018;23(4): 1-13. [In Persian].##Bayat R, Ashrafi K, Shafiepour Motlagh M, et al. Estimation of Tehran's particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM2.5) health effects, using BenMAP-CE. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2019;12(3): 365-82. [In Persian].##Geravandi S, Goudarzi G, Salmanzadeh S, et al. Determination of cardiovascular deaths and hospital admissions due to respiratory disease for particulate matter less than 10 microns exposure in Ahvaz city during 2010-2012. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 2016;14(10): 853-64. [In Persian].##Kermani M, Aghaei M, Gholami M, et al. Estimation of mortality attributed to PM2. 5 and CO exposure in eight industrialized cities of Iran during 2011. Iran occupational health 2016;13(4): 49-61. [In Persian].##Wang Y-C, Lin Y-K. Mortality associated with particulate concentration and Asian dust storms in Metropolitan Taipei. Atmos Environ 2015;117: 32-40.##Delangizan S, Jafari Motlagh Z. Dust Phenomenon Affects on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospitalizations and Mortality "A Case Study in Kermanshah, during March-September 2010-2011. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2013;6(1): 65-76. [In Persian]##1. Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJ, et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The lancet 2018;391(10119): 462-512.##Smith RL, Davis JM, Sacks J, et al. Regression models for air pollution and daily mortality: analysis of data from Birmingham, Alabama. Environmetrics: The official journal of the International Environmetrics Society 2000;11(6): 719-43.##https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-095X(200011/12)11:63.0.CO;2-U##Brook RD, Franklin B, Cascio W, et al. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association. Circulation 2004;109(21): 2655-71.##Maleki H, Sorooshian A, Goudarzi G, et al. Air pollution prediction by using an artificial neural network model. Clean Technol Environ Policy 2019;21(6): 1341-52.##Geravandi S, Goudarzi G, Yari AR, et al. An estimation of COPD cases and respiratory mortality related to ground-level ozone in the metropolitan Ahvaz during 2011. Archives of Hygiene Sciences 2016;5(1): 15-21. (in Persian).##Eskandari Z, Maleki H, Neisi A, et al. Temporal fluctuations of PM 2.5 and PM 10, population exposure, and their health impacts in Dezful city, Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020;18(2): 723-31.##Rad HD, Assarehzadegan M-A, Goudarzi G, et al. Do Conocarpus erectus airborne pollen grains exacerbate autumnal thunderstorm asthma attacks in Ahvaz, Iran? Atmos Environ 2019;213: 311-25.##Radmanesh E, Maleki H, Goudarzi G, et al. Cerebral ischemic attack, epilepsy and hospital admitted patients with types of headaches attributed to PM10 mass concentration in Abadan, Iran. Aeolian Res 2019;41: 100541.##Burnett R, Chen H, Szyszkowicz M, et al. Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2018;115(38): 9592-7.##Naddafi K, Hassanvand M, Faridi S. Review of studies on air quality status and its health effects in Iran. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2019;12(1):151-72. (in Persian).##Mesbahzadeh T, Alipour N. Evaluation of drought impact on Frequency of dust phenomenon occurrence by SPI, PNI and ZSI indexes. J Renge Watershed Manag. Res 2018;71(2): 505-15. (in Persian).##Reed L, Nugent K. The health effects of dust storms in the Southwest United States. The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 2018;6(22): 42-6.##Faridi S, Niazi S, Yousefian F, et al. Spatial homogeneity and heterogeneity of ambient air pollutants in Tehran. Sci Total Environ 2019;697: 134123.##Goudarzi G, Shirmardi M, Naimabadi A, et al. Chemical and organic characteristics of PM2. 5 particles and their in-vitro cytotoxic effects on lung cells: The Middle East dust storms in Ahvaz, Iran. Sci Total Environ 2019;655: 434-45.##Goudarzi G, Sorooshian A, Maleki H. Local and Long-range transport dust storms over the city of Ahvaz: a survey based on spatiotemporal and geometrical properties. Pure Appl Geophys 2020: 1-19.##Neisi A, Vosoughi M, Idani E, et al. Comparison of normal and dusty day impacts on fractional exhaled nitric oxide and lung function in healthy children in Ahvaz, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2017;24(13): 12360-71.##Yousefian F, Faridi S, Azimi F, et al. Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences on their concentrations in Tehran during 2012-2017. Sci Rep 2020;10(1): 1-11.##Nourizadeh H, H B. Investigating the relationship of dust concentration with surface moisture and particle size distribution of soil using a portable wind erosion simulator: A case study of the west regions of Khuzestan province. The Journal of Geographical Research on Desert Areas 2015;3(1): 183-67. [In Persian].##Arami SA, Ownegh M, MohammadianBehbahani A, et al. The analysis of dust hazard studies in southwest region of Iran in 22 years (1996-2017). Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazarts 2018;5(1): 39-66. [In Persian].##Cohen AJ, Ross Anderson H, Ostro B, et al. The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution. J Toxicol Environ Health - A 2005;68(13-14): 1301-7.##Hedayatzadeh F, Ildoromi A, Hassanzadeh N. Analysis of air quality based on particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by using two methods USEPA-AQI and IND-AQI and EF Factor in Ahwaz city in 2016 and 2017. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020;0(0): 57-75. [In Persian].##Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Saeidimehr S, et al. Estimation of health effects for PM10 exposure using of Air Q model in Ahvaz City during 2009. ijhe 2015, 8(1):117-126. [In Persian].##Gharehchahi E, Mahvi AH, Amini H, et al. Health impact assessment of air pollution in Shiraz, Iran: a two-part study. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2013;11(1): 1-8.##Nourmoradi H, Goudarzi G, Daryanoosh SM, et al. Health impacts of particulate matter in air using AirQ model in Khorramabad city, Iran. J Basic Res 2015;2(2): 44-52.##Barzeghar V, Gholampour A, Hassanvand MS. Spatiotemporal trend of ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 and 10 μm and ozone in Tabriz city, Iran, during 2006-2017. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2021;14(2): 261-84. [In Persian].##Gurjar B, Jain A, Sharma A, et al. Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution. Atmos Environ 2010;44(36): 4606-13.##Fattore E, Paiano V, Borgini A, et al. Human health risk in relation to air quality in two municipalities in an industrialized area of Northern Italy. Environ Res 2011;111(8): 1321-7.##Shahsavani A, Naddafi K, Haghighifard NJ, et al. The evaluation of PM10, PM2. 5, and PM1 concentrations during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events in Ahvaz, Iran, from april through september 2010. J Arid Environ 2012;77: 72-83.##Gholampour A, Nabizadeh R, Naseri S, et al. Exposure and health impacts of outdoor particulate matter in two urban and industrialized area of Tabriz, Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2014;12(1): 1-10.##Kamani H, Hassanvand MS, Khammari A, Haghighat S. Trend of ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm and smaller inZahedan city in 2018-2019. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2021;13(4): 639-52. [In Persian].##Huang W, Long E, Wang J, et al. Characterizing spatial distribution and temporal variation of PM10 and PM2. 5 mass concentrations in an urban area of Southwest China. Atmos Pollut Res 2015;6(5): 842-8.##Abdolahnejad A, Jafari N, Mohammadi A, et al. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and total mortality ascribed to PM10 and PM2. 5 exposure in Isfahan, Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2017;6.##Kermani M, Dowlati M, Fallah Jokandan S, et al. Study of Air Quality Health Index and its Application in Seven Cities of Iran in 2011. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences 2017;19(12): 78-88. [In Persian].##Mokhtari M, Hajizadeh Y, Mohammadi A, et al. Ambient variations of benzene and toluene in Yazd, Iran, using geographic information system. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2016;26(138): 131-9. [In Persian].##35.Mansouri B, Azadi N, Mohammadi A, et al. Assessment of air quality in Sanandaj City and its association with cardiovascular-respiratory diseases, and preterm birth in 2015-16. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Medical Sci 2018;23(4): 1-13. [In Persian].##Bayat R, Ashrafi K, Shafiepour Motlagh M, et al. Estimation of Tehran's particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM2.5) health effects, using BenMAP-CE. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2019;12(3): 365-82. [In Persian].##Geravandi S, Goudarzi G, Salmanzadeh S, et al. Determination of cardiovascular deaths and hospital admissions due to respiratory disease for particulate matter less than 10 microns exposure in Ahvaz city during 2010-2012. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 2016;14(10): 853-64. [In Persian].##Kermani M, Aghaei M, Gholami M, et al. Estimation of mortality attributed to PM2. 5 and CO exposure in eight industrialized cities of Iran during 2011. Iran occupational health 2016;13(4): 49-61. [In Persian].##Wang Y-C, Lin Y-K. Mortality associated with particulate concentration and Asian dust storms in Metropolitan Taipei. Atmos Environ 2015;117: 32-40.##Delangizan S, Jafari Motlagh Z. Dust Phenomenon Affects on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospitalizations and Mortality "A Case Study in Kermanshah, during March-September 2010-2011. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2013;6(1): 65-76. [In Persian]## ##

بررسی اثر پساب شهری بر میزان انباشت فلزات سنگین کادمیوم و سرب در خاک و گیاه ذرت Effect of Municipal Wastewater on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals Cadmium and Lead in Soil and Corn 1 1 زمینه و هدف: استفاده از پساب به عنوان یک منبع آب تجدید پذیر برای آبیاری گیاهان راهکاری مطمئن و مؤثر می‌باشد. در مقابل انباشت عناصر سنگین در خاک و گیاهان، یکی از نگرانی‌های کاربرد پساب‌ها در کشاورزی می‌باشد. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر پساب شهری بر مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی مربوط به رشد گیاه ذرت (سینگل کراس 704) و میزان انباشت فلزات سنگین سرب و کادمیوم در خاک در یک مزرعه در منطقه بوشیگان شهرستان دشتستان، بوشهر به صورت گلدانی انجام شد. مواد و روش­ها: این پژوهش در 4 تیمار، پساب تصفیه‌خانه، پساب رقیق شده با آب شرب (2/1)، آبیاری یک در میان با پساب و آب شرب و تیمار آب شرب (شاهد)، در3 تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. میزان سرب و کادمیوم در خاک و گیاه توسط دستگاه ICP اندازه‌گیری شد. میزان اسیدیته و قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی (EC) خاک و وزن تر و خشک اندام‌های ذرت اندازه‌گیری شد. میانگین­ها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه (ANOVA) مقایسه شد و برای تعیین تفاوت بین گروه­ها از آزمون دانکن (Duncan) استفاده شد (05/0> p). یافته­ها: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که آبیاری با پساب EC خاک را 1/1 (ds.m-1) افزایش داد، کادمیوم خاک 03/0 (mg.kg-1) و سرب 02/0 (mg.kg-1) افزایش نشان داد. رقیق کردن پساب باعث کاهش اثرات منفی پساب بر خاک شد. بالاترین افزایش وزن تر به میزان 1500 گرم مربوط به تیمار آبیاری با پساب رقیق شده بود. بیش‌ترین افزایش وزن خشک با 600 گرم تیمار آبیاری با پساب رقیق شده مشاهده شد. کم‌ترین افزایش وزن تر کل به میزان 1100 گرم و افزایش وزن خشک کل با 400 گرم در تیمار پساب مشاهده شد. میزان تجمع سرب و کادمیوم در اندام‌های ذرت به ترتیب دانه (6/0 سرب، 5/0 کادمیوم) (mg.kg-1)> ساقه (9/0 سرب، 8/0 کادمیوم) (mg.kg-1)>ریشه (9/1 سرب، 95/0 کادمیوم) (mg.kg-1) بود. بالاترین میزان تجمع سرب و کادمیوم در خاک مربوط به تیمار پساب و کم‌ترین میزان مربوط به تیمار آب شرب بود. نتیجه­گیری: هرچه سطوح کادمیوم خاک بیش‌تر شد غلظت و محتوای کادمیوم در ریشه و اندام هوایی افزایش نشان داد. گیاه ذرت توانایی بالایی در جذب و انتقال کادمیوم و سرب دارد. با توجه به الگوی تجمع عناصر سنگین سرب و کادمیوم در ریشه گیاه ذرت، این گیاه می‌تواند در جهت انباشت فلزات سنگین در مزارع آبیاری شده با پساب مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. پیشنهاد می­شود که ارزیابی اثرات درازمدت پساب تصفیه شده شهری بر غلظت عناصر سنگین کادمیوم و سرب در خاک و گیاه ذرت و بر خواص خاک بررسی شود، هر چند که بایستی اذعان داشت که بر اساس توصیه های فنی کاربرد پساب تصفیه شده قابل توصیه نمی باشد ولی در موارد ضروری رقیق کردن پساب با کاهش اثرات مخرب و تأمین عناصر ضروری جهت رشد گیاه ذرت می‌تواند به عنوان یک تیمار شاخص در آبیاری مزارع با احتیاط می تواند استفاده شود. همچنین، به منظور استفاده  از پساب در کشت ذرت، در عین افزایش رشد و عملکرد، ارزیابی خطر استفاده از پساب در کشت ذرت از نظر زیست محیطی مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد.   2 Background and Objective: Using wastewater as a renewable water source to irrigate plants is a safe and effective solution. In contrast, the accumulation of heavy elements in soil and plants is one of the concerns of the use of wastewater in agriculture. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of urban wastewater use on the most important physiological parameters related to the growth of corn (Zea mays L., KSC 704) and the accumulation of heavy metals lead and cadmium in the soil in a field Bushkan area of Dashtestan, Bushehr in a pot. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in 4 treatments: wastewater of the treatment plant, wastewater diluted with drinking water (1/2), Irrigation one on one with wastewater and drinking water and drinking water treatment, in 3 replications in a completely randomized design. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) content in soil and plants were measured by ICP. pH and Electrical conductivity (EC) of soil and wet and dry weight of the Corn organs were measured. The means were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Duncan test was used to determine the differences between groups (p <0.05). Results: The results of this study showed that irrigation with EC wastewater increased the soil by 1.1 (ds.m-1), also increased soil cadmium by 0.03 (mg.kg-1) and lead by 0.02 (mg.kg-1). Dilution of the wastewater reduced the negative effects of the wastewater on the soil. The highest wet weight added of 1500 g was related to irrigation treatment with diluted wastewater. The highest dry weight added was observed with 600 g of irrigation treatment with diluted wastewater. The lowest total wet weight added of 1100 g and total dry weight added of 400 g were observed in the wastewater treatment.  The accumulation of lead and cadmium in the corn seed was (0.6 lead, 0.5 cadmium) <stem (0.9 lead, 0.8 cadmium) <root (lead 1.9, 0.95 cadmium), respectively. The highest accumulation of lead and cadmium was related to wastewater treatment and the lowest was related to drinking water treatment. Conclusion: The higher the cadmium levels in the soil, the higher the concentration and content of cadmium in the roots and shoots. The results showed that the corn plant has a high ability to absorb and transport cadmium and lead. Due to the pattern of accumulation of heavy elements of lead and cadmium in the roots of corn, this plant can be used for accumulation of fields irrigated with wastewater. The continuation of this study is recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of municipal treated wastewater on the concentration of heavy elements in soil and plants, and soil properties, although it should be noted that based on technical recommendations, the use of treated wastewater are not recommended, however, in necessary cases, diluting of wastewater by reducing the destructive effects and providing the necessary elements for the growth of the Corn can be used as an indicator treatment in irrigation. Also, it is suggested that in order to use the wastewater in corn cultivation, while increasing growth and yield, the risk of using the wastewater in corn cultivation should be evaluated from an environmental point of view. 157 172 2022/02/172022/01/1 1400/10/11 2022/05/72022/04/19 1401/1/30 آمنه طهماسبی Ameneh Tahmasbi گروه محیط زیست، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران ایران فاضل امیری Fazel Amiri گروه منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران ایران Heavy metals Municipal wastewater Biotransmission coefficient Soil pollution فلزات سنگین فاضلاب شهری ضریب انتقال زیستی آلودگی خاک 1. Alinezhad Jahromi H, Mohammadkhani AR, Salehi MH. The Effect of Using Urban Wastewater of ShahreKord on Growth, Yield and Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in Medicinal Plant Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis). Water Soil Res 2012;16(60):173-85 [In Persian].##Liberti L, Notarnicola M. Advanced treatment and disinfection for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture. Water Sci Technol 1999;40(4):235-45.##Pedrero F, Kalavrouziotis I, Alarcón JJ, Koukoulakis P, Asano T. Use of treated municipal wastewater in irrigated agriculture-Review of some practices in Spain and Greece. Agric Water Manag 2010;97(9):1233-41.##Afkhami M, Amiri F, Tabatabaie T. Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment (IJHSE) 2021;14(1):99-114 [In Persian].##Sayadmanesh SM, Bahmanyar M, Ghajarsepanlu M. The effect of application of industrial effluent in irrigation of rice on accumulation of heavy metals in soil and the crop. Int J water wastewater treat 2014;25(3):13-20 [In Persian].##Oktem A, Oktem A, Emeklier H. Effect of nitrogen on yield and some quality parameters of sweet corn. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 2010;41(7):832-47.##Cao H, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang H, Qiao L, Men Y. Heavy metals in rice and garden vegetables and their potential health risks to inhabitants in the vicinity of an industrial zone in Jiangsu, China. Res J Environ Sci 2010;22(11):1792-99.##Flores-Magdaleno H, Mancilla-Villa OR, Mejia-Saenz E, Olmedo-Bolantilde MDC, Bautista-Olivas AL. Heavy metals in agricultural soils and irrigation wastewater of Mixquiahuala, Hidalgo, Mexico. Afr J Agric Res 2011;6(24):5505-11.##Wu M. Potential of Typha as Plant Candidates for Sludge Treatment Wetlands. J Bio 2014;3(1):21-33.##https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-3140_3.1.47##Phewnil O, Chunkao K, Pattamapitoon T, Intaraksa A, Chueawong O, Chantrasoon C, et al. Choosing aquatic plant species for high wastewater treatment efficiency through small wetland. Mod Appl Sci 2014;8(4):187-94.##Dala-Paula BM, Custódio FB, Knupp EAN, Palmieri HEL, Silva JBB, Glória MBA. Cadmium, copper and lead levels in different cultivars of lettuce and soil from urban agriculture. Environ Pollut 2018;242:383-89.##Tabatabaei SA, Shakeri E, Nasiri H. Effect of Different Method Irrigation and Manure on Reduce Water Use in the Planting Grain Maize cv. KSC704. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 2014;12(4):766-75.##Aulakh GS, Vashist KK, Mahal S. Effect of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on growth parameters and yield of late kharif sown maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Res 2013;45(1-3):96-105.##Atamaleki A, Naimi N, Fakhri Y, Sharifi MH, Nosrati H, Fallah S. Investigation of heavy metals in mint plants irrigated by wastewater: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment (IJHSE) 2020;12(4):679-94 [In Persian].##Muchuweti M, Birkett JW, Chinyanga E, Zvauya R, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN. Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixtures of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe: Implications for human health. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2006;112(1):41-48.##Pan X-D, Tang J, Chen Q, Wu P-G, Han J-L. Evaluation of direct sampling method for trace elements analysis in Chinese rice wine by ICP-OES. Eur Food Res Technol 2013;236(3):531-35.##Harati M, Rastegar MT, Foghi B. Effect of urban wastewater usage and problems of accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural lands (south of Tehran). Afr J Agric Res 2011;6(14):3224-31.##Sharma S, Prasad F. Accumulation of lead and cadmium in soil and vegetable crops along major highways in Agra (India). J Chem 2010;7(4):1174-83.##Masoudi SN, Sepanlou MG, Bahmanya M. Distribution of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in roadside soil of Sari-Ghaemshahr road, Iran. Afr J Agric Res 2012;7(2):198-204.##Mireles A, Solı́s C, Andrade E, Lagunas-Solar M, Piña C, Flocchini RG. Heavy metal accumulation in plants and soil irrigated with wastewater from Mexico city. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2004;219-220:187-90.##Lubello C, Gori R, Nicese FP, Ferrini F. Municipal-treated wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation. Water Res 2004;38(12):2939-47.##Herpin U, Gloaguen TV, da Fonseca AF, Montes CR, Mendonça FC, Piveli RP, et al. Chemical effects on the soil-plant system in a secondary treated wastewater irrigated coffee plantation-A pilot field study in Brazil. Agric Water Manag 2007;89(1):105-15.##Tang Y-T, Qiu R-L, Zeng X-W, Ying R-R, Yu F-M, Zhou X-Y. Lead, zinc, cadmium hyperaccumulation and growth stimulation in Arabis paniculata Franch. Environ Exp Bot 2009;66(1):126-34.##Tanhan P, Kruatrachue M, Pokethitiyook P, Chaiyarat R. Uptake and accumulation of cadmium, lead and zinc by Siam weed [Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson]. Chemosphere 2007;68(2):323-29.##Wang Q, Yang Z. Industrial water pollution, water environment treatment, and health risks in China. Environ Pollut 2016;218:358-65.##https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.081##Daneshvar M, Fattahi F, Rahmani HR, Sanavy SAM, Masoud S. Effect of municipal wastewater irrigation and well water on plant and soil characteristics. Not Sci Biol 2020;12(2):409-19.##Wang M, Webber M, Finlayson B, Barnett J. Rural industries and water pollution in China. J Environ Manage 2008;86(4):648-59.##Udom BE, Mbagwu JSC, Adesodun JK, Agbim NN. Distributions of zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in a tropical ultisol after long-term disposal of sewage sludge. Environ Int 2004;30(4):467-70.##1. Alinezhad Jahromi H, Mohammadkhani AR, Salehi MH. The Effect of Using Urban Wastewater of ShahreKord on Growth, Yield and Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in Medicinal Plant Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis). Water Soil Res 2012;16(60):173-85 [In Persian].##Liberti L, Notarnicola M. Advanced treatment and disinfection for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture. Water Sci Technol 1999;40(4):235-45.##Pedrero F, Kalavrouziotis I, Alarcón JJ, Koukoulakis P, Asano T. Use of treated municipal wastewater in irrigated agriculture-Review of some practices in Spain and Greece. Agric Water Manag 2010;97(9):1233-41.##Afkhami M, Amiri F, Tabatabaie T. Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment (IJHSE) 2021;14(1):99-114 [In Persian].##Sayadmanesh SM, Bahmanyar M, Ghajarsepanlu M. The effect of application of industrial effluent in irrigation of rice on accumulation of heavy metals in soil and the crop. Int J water wastewater treat 2014;25(3):13-20 [In Persian].##Oktem A, Oktem A, Emeklier H. Effect of nitrogen on yield and some quality parameters of sweet corn. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 2010;41(7):832-47.##Cao H, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhang H, Qiao L, Men Y. Heavy metals in rice and garden vegetables and their potential health risks to inhabitants in the vicinity of an industrial zone in Jiangsu, China. Res J Environ Sci 2010;22(11):1792-99.##Flores-Magdaleno H, Mancilla-Villa OR, Mejia-Saenz E, Olmedo-Bolantilde MDC, Bautista-Olivas AL. Heavy metals in agricultural soils and irrigation wastewater of Mixquiahuala, Hidalgo, Mexico. Afr J Agric Res 2011;6(24):5505-11.##Wu M. Potential of Typha as Plant Candidates for Sludge Treatment Wetlands. J Bio 2014;3(1):21-33.##https://doi.org/10.5176/2251-3140_3.1.47##Phewnil O, Chunkao K, Pattamapitoon T, Intaraksa A, Chueawong O, Chantrasoon C, et al. Choosing aquatic plant species for high wastewater treatment efficiency through small wetland. Mod Appl Sci 2014;8(4):187-94.##Dala-Paula BM, Custódio FB, Knupp EAN, Palmieri HEL, Silva JBB, Glória MBA. Cadmium, copper and lead levels in different cultivars of lettuce and soil from urban agriculture. Environ Pollut 2018;242:383-89.##Tabatabaei SA, Shakeri E, Nasiri H. Effect of Different Method Irrigation and Manure on Reduce Water Use in the Planting Grain Maize cv. KSC704. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 2014;12(4):766-75.##Aulakh GS, Vashist KK, Mahal S. Effect of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on growth parameters and yield of late kharif sown maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Res 2013;45(1-3):96-105.##Atamaleki A, Naimi N, Fakhri Y, Sharifi MH, Nosrati H, Fallah S. Investigation of heavy metals in mint plants irrigated by wastewater: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment (IJHSE) 2020;12(4):679-94 [In Persian].##Muchuweti M, Birkett JW, Chinyanga E, Zvauya R, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN. Heavy metal content of vegetables irrigated with mixtures of wastewater and sewage sludge in Zimbabwe: Implications for human health. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2006;112(1):41-48.##Pan X-D, Tang J, Chen Q, Wu P-G, Han J-L. Evaluation of direct sampling method for trace elements analysis in Chinese rice wine by ICP-OES. Eur Food Res Technol 2013;236(3):531-35.##Harati M, Rastegar MT, Foghi B. Effect of urban wastewater usage and problems of accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural lands (south of Tehran). Afr J Agric Res 2011;6(14):3224-31.##Sharma S, Prasad F. Accumulation of lead and cadmium in soil and vegetable crops along major highways in Agra (India). J Chem 2010;7(4):1174-83.##Masoudi SN, Sepanlou MG, Bahmanya M. Distribution of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in roadside soil of Sari-Ghaemshahr road, Iran. Afr J Agric Res 2012;7(2):198-204.##Mireles A, Solı́s C, Andrade E, Lagunas-Solar M, Piña C, Flocchini RG. Heavy metal accumulation in plants and soil irrigated with wastewater from Mexico city. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 2004;219-220:187-90.##Lubello C, Gori R, Nicese FP, Ferrini F. Municipal-treated wastewater reuse for plant nurseries irrigation. Water Res 2004;38(12):2939-47.##Herpin U, Gloaguen TV, da Fonseca AF, Montes CR, Mendonça FC, Piveli RP, et al. Chemical effects on the soil-plant system in a secondary treated wastewater irrigated coffee plantation-A pilot field study in Brazil. Agric Water Manag 2007;89(1):105-15.##Tang Y-T, Qiu R-L, Zeng X-W, Ying R-R, Yu F-M, Zhou X-Y. Lead, zinc, cadmium hyperaccumulation and growth stimulation in Arabis paniculata Franch. Environ Exp Bot 2009;66(1):126-34.##Tanhan P, Kruatrachue M, Pokethitiyook P, Chaiyarat R. Uptake and accumulation of cadmium, lead and zinc by Siam weed [Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson]. Chemosphere 2007;68(2):323-29.##Wang Q, Yang Z. Industrial water pollution, water environment treatment, and health risks in China. Environ Pollut 2016;218:358-65.##https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.081##Daneshvar M, Fattahi F, Rahmani HR, Sanavy SAM, Masoud S. Effect of municipal wastewater irrigation and well water on plant and soil characteristics. Not Sci Biol 2020;12(2):409-19.##Wang M, Webber M, Finlayson B, Barnett J. Rural industries and water pollution in China. J Environ Manage 2008;86(4):648-59.##Udom BE, Mbagwu JSC, Adesodun JK, Agbim NN. Distributions of zinc, copper, cadmium and lead in a tropical ultisol after long-term disposal of sewage sludge. Environ Int 2004;30(4):467-70.## ##

بررسی اپیدمیولوژیک لیشمانیوز جلدی در شهرستان آران و بیدگل و تاثیر عوامل اقلیمی بر آن در سال های1395-1398 The Study of Epidemiological Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Aran and Bidgol City, and the Impact of Climatic Factors on that during 2016-2019 1 1 زمینه و هدف: لیشمانیوز از جمله بیماری های انگلی مشترک بین انسان و حیوانات می باشد و در حال حاضر یکی از معضلات مهم بهداشتی در بسیاری از مناطق کشور ما است لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی شیوع لیشمانیوز جلدی در شهرستان آران و بیدگل و ارتباط آن با وضعیت آب و هوایی در سال‌های 98-1395 انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه‌ی مقطعی با مراجعه به پرونده‌ 964بیمار مبتلا به لیشمانیوز جلدی در سال های1395-1398 در شهرستان آران و بیدگل انجام شد و اطلاعات اپیدمیولوژیکی افراد ثبت شد . علاوه بر این خصوصیات آب و هوایی منطقه مطالعه شامل دما، رطوبت و بارش از ایستگاه هواشناسی منطقه جمع آوری شد. و تحلیل همبستگی بین عناصر هواشناسی و میزان بروز بیماری انجام شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه‌ی 16 استفاده شد. یافته ها: 60٪ بیماران مرد بودند. گروه سنی 10-0 سال بیشترین فراوانی (%9/23) را در بین مبتلایان داشت. %7/47 بیماران سابقه‌ی مسافرت به مناطق اندمیک را داشتند و بیشترین میزان ابتلا به لیشمانیوز، مربوط به ساکنین شهری می‌باشد همچنین همبستگی مثبت و ضعیف بین رطوبت نسبی و بارش با موارد بروز بیماری (55/0=r) وجود داشته و نیز بین میانگین درجه حرارت محیط با میزان بروز بیماری همبستگی معکوس و ضعیف (42/0-=r) مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری: باتوجه به افزایش چشمگیر لیشمانیوز جلدی در سال های اخیر در این منطقه، همچنین شرایط مناسب اکولوژیکی منطقه برای فعالیت پشه خاکی، توصیه می‌شود آموزش های لازم جهت رعایت موارد بهداشتی در فصول گرم انجام شود و نیز کنترل های میدانی مانند طعمه گذاری تداوم یابد. 2 Background: Leishmaniasis, a common parasitic disease between humans and animals, which is currently one of the major health problems in many parts of Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Aran and Bidgol and the effects of climatic factors on that during 2016-2019. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by referring to the health records of 964 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Aran and Bidgol during 2016-2019 and epidemiological information was recorded. In addition, the climatic characteristics of the study area, including temperature, humidity, and precipitation were collected from the meteorological station of the study area. Then correlation analysis was performed between meteorological elements and the incidence of the disease. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Results: 60% of the patients were male. The age group of 0-10 years had the highest frequency (23.9%) among patients. Also, 47.7% of the patients had a history of traveling to endemic areas and the highest rate of leishmaniasis was related to urban residents. There was also a weak positive correlation between humidity and rainfall with leishmaniasis incidence (r = +0.55).  A weak negative correlation was also observed between temperature of the environment and leishmaniasis incidence (r = -0.42). Conclusion: Due to the significant increase in cutaneous leishmaniasis in recent years in the area, as well as the appropriate ecological conditions of the area for sand fly activity, it is recommended to conduct the necessary training to observe health in hot seasons and field controls, such as baiting. 173 188 2022/02/172022/01/12021/11/28 1400/9/7 2022/05/72022/04/192022/01/29 1400/11/9 اعظم باقری Azam bagheri گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان ، ایران ایران منصوره مومن هروی Mansooreh Momen-Heravi گروه عفونی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان ، ایران ایران حبیب الله رحیمی Habibollah Rahimi گروه آمار، گروه اپیدمیولوژی و آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان ، ایران ایران فردوس شب کلاهی ferdovs shabkolahi پزشک، شبکه بهداشت و درمان آران و بیدگل، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان ، ایران ایران محسن حسامی آرانی Mohsen Hesami Arani گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Climatic Elements Epidemiology Aran and Bidgol لیشمانیوز جلدی عناصر آب و هوایی اپیدمیولوژی آران و بیدگل Macêdo CG, Fonseca MYN, Caldeira AD, et al. Leishmanicidal activity of Piper marginatum Jacq. from Santarém-PA against Leishmania amazonensis. Experimental parasitology 2020;210: 107847.##Organization WH. Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Commitee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22-26 March 2010: World Health Organization; 2010.##Peters NC, Sacks DL. The impact of vector‐mediated neutrophil recruitment on cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cellular microbiology 2009;11(9):1290-1299.##Jorvand R. Active safety and individual factors influencing the behavior of elementary school students in the city dehloran cutaneous leishmaniasis. Technology and Research Information System 2020;3(2): 0-0.##Alves F, Bilbe G, Blesson S, et al. Recent development of visceral leishmaniasis treatments: successes, pitfalls, and perspectives. Clinical microbiology reviews 2018;31(4): e00048-18.##Bessat M, Okpanma A, Shanat E. Leishmaniasis: Epidemiology, control and future perspectives with special emphasis on Egypt. J Trop Dis 2015;2(153): 1-10.##Razmjou S, Hejazy H, Motazedian MH, et al. A new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Shiraz, Iran. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;103(7): 727-30.##Yaghoobi-Ershadi M, Hanafi-Bojd A, Akhavan A, et al. Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniosis due to Leishmania major in Ardestan town, central Iran. Acta tropica 2001;79(2): 115-21.##Salimi M. A clinical and epidemiological comparison on the cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city and villages of Isfahan. Iran J Public Health 2000;2(4): 214-9.##Fazaeli A, Fouladi B, Sharifi I. Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a border area at south-east of Iran: an epidemiological survey. Journal of vector borne diseases 2009;46(1): 36.##Mirzaei N, Mohammadzadeh M, Jannat B, Takhtfiroozeh S. Frequency of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Meshkan, Center of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research 2019;43(3): 407-12.##Arani MH, Abedzadeh M, Nasiri M, Mohammadzadeh M. The Relationship between Blood Type and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran (A Review). Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2021; 6(3): 1332-9.##Mohebali M, Yaghoobi P, Houshmand B, Khamesipour A. Efficacy of Paromomycin ointment prepared in Iran (Paromo-U) against cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in mouse model. 2004.##Saghafipour A, Akbari A, Rasi Y, Mostafavi R. Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Qom Province, Iran, during 2003-2009. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal 2012;6(1): 83-8.##Rahmanpour A, The Epidemiology Study of Cutaneous Lishmaniasis in Bushehr Province. Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences 2019;19(63): 59-73.##Cardenas R, Sandoval CM, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Franco-Paredes C. Impact of climate variability in the occurrence of leishmaniasis in northeastern Colombia. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2006;75(2): 273-7.##Bounoua L, Kahime K, Houti L, et al. Linking climate to incidence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (L. major) in pre-Saharan North Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2013;10(8): 3172-91.##Naicker PR. The impact of climate change and other factors on zoonotic diseases. Archives of Clinical Microbiology 2011;2(2).##Salomón OD, Quintana MG, Mastrángelo AV, Fernández MS. Leishmaniasis and climate change-case study: Argentina. Journal of tropical medicine 2012;2012.##Doudi M, Hejazi SH, Razavi MR, et al. Comparative molecular epidemiology of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica by PCR-RFLP technique in hyper endemic cities of Isfahan and Bam, Iran. Medical Science Monitor 2010;16(11): CR530-CR5.##Yaghoobi-Ershadi M, Akhavan A. Entomological survey of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis in Iran. Acta tropica 1999;73(3): 321-6.##Arani MH, Jaafarzadeh N, Moslemzadeh M, et al. Dispersion of NO2 and SO2 pollutants in the rolling industry with AERMOD model: a case study to assess human health risk. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 2021: 1-12.##Behbahani A, Ahmadi S, Latifi SM, Sadeghi M. Study of the frequency of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Omidieh district, Khouzestan province, south west of Iran(2008-2010). 2013;4(4): 37-46.##Hatami I, Khanjani N, Aliakbarpoor M, Dehghan A. Epidemiologic characteristics and time trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in cities under the surveillance of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 2018; 16(1): 1-18.##Talari SA, Talari MR, Behzadi Z, et al. The relationship of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis to ABO blood group. IIOAB Journal 2012;3(2): 42-4.##Jafarnejad A, Jamshidi F, Deghan A. Evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Lamerd in2004-2014. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences 2017;60(1): 376-82.##Jafari R, Mohebali M, Dehghan-Dehnoee A, et al. Epidemiological Status of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Bafgh City, Yazd Province 2005. SSU_Journals 2007;15(2): 76-83.##Jorjani O, Mirkarimi K, Charkazi A, et al. The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Iran: A cross-sectional study of 8-years. Parasite epidemiology and control 2019;5: e00099.##Ahmadi N, Ghafarzadeh M, Jalaligaloosang A, Gholamiparizad E. An epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis with emphasis on incidence rate in Kashan, Isfahan province. 2013; 21(2): 1-9.##Pourmohammadi B, Heydari A, Fatemi F, Modarresi A. Risk factors threatening health care facilities in disasters and emergencies. 2020.##Mohammadi Azni S, Nokandeh Z, Khorsandi A, AR SD. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Damghan district. Journal Mil Med 2010;12(3): 131-5.##Mohammadi J, Faramarzi H, Ameri A, Bakhtiari H. Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Marvdasht, Iran, 2017. Armaghane danesh 2018;23(4): 488-98.##Galavizade S, Fata A, Vakili V, Zarean M. Survey the cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalence in Mashhad during the past twenty years (1995-2014) and the effect of environmental risk factors on that. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences 2015;58(9): 516-22.##Zahirnia A, Moradi A, Nourouzi N, et al. Epidemiological survey of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Hamadan province (2002-2007). 2009; 16(1): 43-47##Kubeyinje E, Belagavi C, Jamil Y. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in expatriates in northern Saudi Arabia. East African medical journal 1997;74(4): 249-51.##Tiwary P, Kumar D, Mishra M, et al. Seasonal variation in the prevalence of sand flies infected with Leishmania donovani. PloS one 2013;8(4): e61370.##Desjeux P. Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 2004;27(5): 305-18.##Thomson M, Elnaiern D, Ashford R, Connor S. Towards a kala azar risk map for Sudan: mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis using digital data of environmental variables. Tropical Medicine & International Health 1999;4(2): 105-13.##Mozaffari G, Bakhshizadeh F, Gheibi M. Analysis relationship between vegetation cover and salak skin disease in Yazd-Ardakan plain. 2012; 22(4): 47-50.##Macêdo CG, Fonseca MYN, Caldeira AD, et al. Leishmanicidal activity of Piper marginatum Jacq. from Santarém-PA against Leishmania amazonensis. Experimental parasitology 2020;210: 107847.##Organization WH. Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Commitee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22-26 March 2010: World Health Organization; 2010.##Peters NC, Sacks DL. The impact of vector‐mediated neutrophil recruitment on cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cellular microbiology 2009;11(9):1290-1299.##Jorvand R. Active safety and individual factors influencing the behavior of elementary school students in the city dehloran cutaneous leishmaniasis. Technology and Research Information System 2020;3(2): 0-0.##Alves F, Bilbe G, Blesson S, et al. Recent development of visceral leishmaniasis treatments: successes, pitfalls, and perspectives. Clinical microbiology reviews 2018;31(4): e00048-18.##Bessat M, Okpanma A, Shanat E. Leishmaniasis: Epidemiology, control and future perspectives with special emphasis on Egypt. J Trop Dis 2015;2(153): 1-10.##Razmjou S, Hejazy H, Motazedian MH, et al. A new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Shiraz, Iran. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;103(7): 727-30.##Yaghoobi-Ershadi M, Hanafi-Bojd A, Akhavan A, et al. Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniosis due to Leishmania major in Ardestan town, central Iran. Acta tropica 2001;79(2): 115-21.##Salimi M. A clinical and epidemiological comparison on the cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city and villages of Isfahan. Iran J Public Health 2000;2(4): 214-9.##Fazaeli A, Fouladi B, Sharifi I. Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a border area at south-east of Iran: an epidemiological survey. Journal of vector borne diseases 2009;46(1): 36.##Mirzaei N, Mohammadzadeh M, Jannat B, Takhtfiroozeh S. Frequency of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Meshkan, Center of Iran. Journal of Entomological Research 2019;43(3): 407-12.##Arani MH, Abedzadeh M, Nasiri M, Mohammadzadeh M. The Relationship between Blood Type and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran (A Review). Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development 2021; 6(3): 1332-9.##Mohebali M, Yaghoobi P, Houshmand B, Khamesipour A. Efficacy of Paromomycin ointment prepared in Iran (Paromo-U) against cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in mouse model. 2004.##Saghafipour A, Akbari A, Rasi Y, Mostafavi R. Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Qom Province, Iran, during 2003-2009. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal 2012;6(1): 83-8.##Rahmanpour A, The Epidemiology Study of Cutaneous Lishmaniasis in Bushehr Province. Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences 2019;19(63): 59-73.##Cardenas R, Sandoval CM, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Franco-Paredes C. Impact of climate variability in the occurrence of leishmaniasis in northeastern Colombia. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2006;75(2): 273-7.##Bounoua L, Kahime K, Houti L, et al. Linking climate to incidence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (L. major) in pre-Saharan North Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2013;10(8): 3172-91.##Naicker PR. The impact of climate change and other factors on zoonotic diseases. Archives of Clinical Microbiology 2011;2(2).##Salomón OD, Quintana MG, Mastrángelo AV, Fernández MS. Leishmaniasis and climate change-case study: Argentina. Journal of tropical medicine 2012;2012.##Doudi M, Hejazi SH, Razavi MR, et al. Comparative molecular epidemiology of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica by PCR-RFLP technique in hyper endemic cities of Isfahan and Bam, Iran. Medical Science Monitor 2010;16(11): CR530-CR5.##Yaghoobi-Ershadi M, Akhavan A. Entomological survey of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis in Iran. Acta tropica 1999;73(3): 321-6.##Arani MH, Jaafarzadeh N, Moslemzadeh M, et al. Dispersion of NO2 and SO2 pollutants in the rolling industry with AERMOD model: a case study to assess human health risk. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 2021: 1-12.##Behbahani A, Ahmadi S, Latifi SM, Sadeghi M. Study of the frequency of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Omidieh district, Khouzestan province, south west of Iran(2008-2010). 2013;4(4): 37-46.##Hatami I, Khanjani N, Aliakbarpoor M, Dehghan A. Epidemiologic characteristics and time trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in cities under the surveillance of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 2018; 16(1): 1-18.##Talari SA, Talari MR, Behzadi Z, et al. The relationship of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis to ABO blood group. IIOAB Journal 2012;3(2): 42-4.##Jafarnejad A, Jamshidi F, Deghan A. Evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Lamerd in2004-2014. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences 2017;60(1): 376-82.##Jafari R, Mohebali M, Dehghan-Dehnoee A, et al. Epidemiological Status of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Bafgh City, Yazd Province 2005. SSU_Journals 2007;15(2): 76-83.##Jorjani O, Mirkarimi K, Charkazi A, et al. The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Iran: A cross-sectional study of 8-years. Parasite epidemiology and control 2019;5: e00099.##Ahmadi N, Ghafarzadeh M, Jalaligaloosang A, Gholamiparizad E. An epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis with emphasis on incidence rate in Kashan, Isfahan province. 2013; 21(2): 1-9.##Pourmohammadi B, Heydari A, Fatemi F, Modarresi A. Risk factors threatening health care facilities in disasters and emergencies. 2020.##Mohammadi Azni S, Nokandeh Z, Khorsandi A, AR SD. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Damghan district. Journal Mil Med 2010;12(3): 131-5.##Mohammadi J, Faramarzi H, Ameri A, Bakhtiari H. Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Marvdasht, Iran, 2017. Armaghane danesh 2018;23(4): 488-98.##Galavizade S, Fata A, Vakili V, Zarean M. Survey the cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalence in Mashhad during the past twenty years (1995-2014) and the effect of environmental risk factors on that. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences 2015;58(9): 516-22.##Zahirnia A, Moradi A, Nourouzi N, et al. Epidemiological survey of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Hamadan province (2002-2007). 2009; 16(1): 43-47##Kubeyinje E, Belagavi C, Jamil Y. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in expatriates in northern Saudi Arabia. East African medical journal 1997;74(4): 249-51.##Tiwary P, Kumar D, Mishra M, et al. Seasonal variation in the prevalence of sand flies infected with Leishmania donovani. PloS one 2013;8(4): e61370.##Desjeux P. Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 2004;27(5): 305-18.##Thomson M, Elnaiern D, Ashford R, Connor S. Towards a kala azar risk map for Sudan: mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis using digital data of environmental variables. Tropical Medicine & International Health 1999;4(2): 105-13.##Mozaffari G, Bakhshizadeh F, Gheibi M. Analysis relationship between vegetation cover and salak skin disease in Yazd-Ardakan plain. 2012; 22(4): 47-50.## ##

مدلسازی پراکنش و ارزیابی اثرات بهداشتی ذرات معلقPM2.5 منتشر شده از صنایع خودروسازی (مطالعه موردی: خودروسازی سایپا ) Atmospheric dispersion modeling and health effects of PM2.5 released from automotive industries (case study of Saipa) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آلودگی‌ هوا یکی‌ از مهم‌ترین‌ معضلات‌ زیست ‌محیطی‌ بوده‌ و صنایع مختلف ‌از منابع‌ تولید آلاینده‌های هوا به‌ ویژه‌ ذرات‌ معلق‌ می‌باشند، هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات سلامتی PM2.5 منتشر شده در صنایع خودروسازی   می باشد.  مواد و روش ها: در این تحقیق‌، پس از اندازه گیری غلظتها با استفاده از دستگاه WESTECH، بصورت ماهانه در بازه زمانی دی ماه 99 تا دی ماه 1400، نحوه‌ پراکنش‌ ذرات با استفاده‌ از مدل‌ AERMOD برای متوسط‌ زمانی‌٢٤ ساعته‌ و سالانه در مناطق اطراف سایپا ترسیم و با بکار گیری تابع zonal statistic در محیط Arc GIS جمعیت آن ناحیه مشخص و در نهایت ارزیابی اثرات سلامتی با استفاده از مدل Air Q+ بررسی گردید. یافته ها: نتایج‌ نشان‌ داد بیشینه‌ غلظت‌های PM2.5 در بازه‌ زمانی‌٢٤ سساعته‌ وسالانه به‌ ترتیب‌ 03/1015 میکروگرم بر متر مکعب و 10/581 میکروگرم بر متر مکعب بوده‌ است‌. نتایج ارزیابی ریسک کمی نشان می دهد که با افزایش ذرات معلق از مقدار 25 میکروگرم بر متر مکعب، ریسک نسبی ابتلا به بیماری های تنفسی و بیماریهای قلبی عروقی به ترتیب 9/1 و 91 درصد افزایش می یابد و با افزایش ذرات معلق از مقدار 10 میکروگرم بر مترمکعب ریسک نسبی مرگ و میر 2/6 درصد افزایش می یابد. نتیجه گیری: مواجهه کوتاه مدت با آلاینده های منتشره توسط گروه خودروسازی سایپا ریسک ابتلا به بیماریهای تنفسی و قلبی عروقی را افزایش می دهند و در مواجهات بلند مدت، ریسک ابتلا به انواع بیماریهای سرطانی، غیر سرطانی و مرگ و میر افزایش می یابد.   2   Background: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems and various industries are sources of air pollutants, especially particulate matter. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the health effects of particulate matter released in the automotive industry. Methods: In this research, after measuring the concentrations with the WESTECH, monthly during 2021, the distribution of PM2.5 around Saipa was modeled with AERMOD, the population of given area was determined through Zonal statistic of Arc GIS and finally health risk assessment was assessed through Air Q+ model. Results: The results showed that the maximum concentrations of PM2.5 in the hourly and annual time periods were 1015.03 and 581.10 µg/m3, respectively. The results of quantitative risk assessment show that with increasing particulate matter from 25 µg/m3, the relative risk of respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease was increased by 1.9 and 91%, respectively, and with increasing particulate matter by 10µg/m3 The relative risk of mortality was increased by 6.2%. Conclusion: Short-term exposure to fine particles increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and in case of long-term exposure, the risk of cancer, non-cancer, and mortality are increased. 189 206 2022/02/172022/01/12021/11/282021/12/25 1400/10/4 2022/05/72022/04/192022/01/292022/05/11 1401/2/21 سودابه نقدی Soudabe Naghdi دانشجوی دکترای مهندسی‌ محیط‌زیست،‌ گروه‌ مهندسی‌ محیط‌زیست‌، دانشکده‌ منابع‌ طبیعی‌ و محیط‌زیست‌، واحد علوم‌ و تحقیقات‌، دانشگاه‌ آزاد اسلامی‌، تهران‌، ایران‌. ایران محسن میر محمدی Mohsen Mirmohammadi استادیار، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران ایران حسن کریمزادگان Hassan Karimzadegan استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گیلان، گیلان، ایران ایران جمال قدوسی Jamal Ghodui استاد، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده‌ منابع‌ طبیعی‌ و محیط‌زیست‌، واحد علوم‌ و تحقیقات‌، دانشگاه‌ آزاد اسلامی‌، تهران‌، ایران‌ ایران Air pollution suspended particles Tehran automotive industry آلودگی هوا ذرات معلق تهران صنعت خودروسازی 1. 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(in Persian)##Hadei M, Hopke PK, Shahsavani A, Jahanmehr N, Rahmatinia M, Farhadi M, Yarahmadi M, Kermani M. Mortality and morbidity economic burden due to PM2. 5 and ozone; an AirQ+ modelling in Iran. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2020 May 27.##Bayat R, Ashrafi K, Motlagh MS, Hassanvand MS, Daroudi R. Estimation of Tehran's particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM2. 5) health effects, using BenMAP-CE. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2019;12(3). (in Persian)##Miri M, Derakhshan Z, Allahabadi A, Ahmadi E, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Aval HE. Mortality and morbidity due to exposure to outdoor air pollution in Mashhad metropolis, Iran. The AirQ model approach. Environmental research. 2016 Nov 1;151:451-7.##Bayat R, Ashrafi K, Motlagh MS, Hassanvand MS, Daroudi R, Fink G, Künzli N. Health impact and related cost of ambient air pollution in Tehran. Environmental research. 2019 Sep 1;176:108547.##Namvar Z, Hadei M, Hashemi SS, Shahhosseini E, Hopke PK, Rahmatinia M, Bazzazpour S, Kermani M, Bandpey AM, Shahsavani A. Air pollution and hospital admissions and deaths due to respiratory infections in megacity of Tehran: A time series analysis. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2021 Mar 29;6(1):1-3.##Bahrami Asl F, Leili M, Vaziri Y, Arian S, Gristalddi A, Oliveri Conti Ferrante M. Health impacts quantification of ambient air pollutants using Air Q model approach in Hamedan, Iran. Environmental research. .2018;16(2018):114-121##Ansari M, Ehrampoush MH. Meteorological correlates and AirQ+ health risk assessment of ambient fine particulate matter in Tehran, Iran. Environmental research. 2019 Mar 1;170:141-50.##Nourmoradi H, Omidi Khaniabadi Y, Goudarzi G, et al. Investigation on the Dust Dispersion (PM10 and PM2.5) by Doroud Cement Plant and Study of Its Individual Exposure Rates. Ilam Univ Med Sci 2016;24(1): 64-75 [In Persian].##Kalhor M, Ghaleh Askari S, Bozorgi M. AERMET Performance in Evaluation of Boundary Layer Parameters and Its Effect on Carbon Monoxide Concentration Outputs in AERMOD Model Compared to Upper Air Data. Iran J Health Environ 2018;11(3): 365-76. [In Persian].##Tripathy S, Tunno BJ, Michanowicz DR, Kinnee E, Shmool JL, Gillooly S, Clougherty JE. Hybrid land use regression modeling for estimating spatio-temporal exposures to PM2. 5, BC, and metal components across a metropolitan area of complex terrain and industrial sources. Science of the total environment. 2019 Jul 10;673:54-63.##Salehi M, Mir Hosseini H, Karimi B, Hashiani A. Association between airborne particles and meteorological parameters in Arak industrial city.2021;6(1):42-53##Patryla L, Galeriua D. Statistical performances measures-models comparison. French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. 2011.##Rezayani N, Mirmohammadi M, Mehrdadi N. Origin and risk assessment, and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the soil and air of Tehran (case study: central district in Tehran city). International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2022 Feb 5:1-22.##Karimi S, Rezayani N. Determination of Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration and Assessment of Inhalation Risk in the Ambient Air of Ahvaz City, Iran. Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution. 2018 Jan 1;15(2):57-68. http://doi.org/ 10.3233/AJW-180018##Burnett R, Cohen A. Relative risk functions for estimating excess mortality attributable to outdoor PM2. 5 air pollution: evolution and state-of-the-art. Atmosphere. 2020 Jun;11(6):589.##Niu J, Liberda EN, Qu S, Guo X, Li X, Zhang J, Meng J, Yan B, Li N, Zhong M, Ito K. The role of metal components in the cardiovascular effects of PM2. 5. PloS one. 2013 Dec 27;8(12):e83782.##Afonso AS, Verhamme KM, Sturkenboom MC, Brusselle GG. COPD in the general population: prevalence, incidence and survival. Respiratory medicine. 2011 Dec 1;105(12):1872-84.##Amoatey P, Omidvarborna H, Baawain M. The modeling and health risk assessment of PM2. 5 from Tema Oil Refinery. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2018 Jul 4;24(5):1181-96.##Al-Hemoud A, Al-Dousari A, Al-Shatti A, Al-Khayat A, Behbehani W, Malak M. Health impact assessment associated with exposure to PM10 and dust storms in Kuwait. Atmosphere. 2018 Jan;9(1):6.##Yarahmadi M, Hadei M, Nazari SS, Conti GO, Alipour MR, Ferrante M, Shahsavani A. Mortality assessment attributed to long-term exposure to fine particles in ambient air of the megacity of Tehran, Iran. Environmental science and pollution research. 2018 May;25(14):14254-62.##Faridi S, Shamsipour M, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N, Amini H, Azimi F, Malkawi M, Momeniha F, Gholampour A, Hassanvand MS, Naddafi K. Long-term trends and health impact of PM2. 5 and O3 in Tehran, Iran, 2006-2015. Environment international. 2018 May 1;114: 37-49.##Khaniabadi YO, Fanelli R, De Marco A, Daryanoosh SM, Kloog I, Hopke PK, Conti GO, Ferrante M, Mohammadi MJ, Babaei AA, Basiri H. Hospital admissions in Iran for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to the Middle Eastern Dust storms. Environmental science and pollution research. 2017 Jul;24(20):16860-8.##Hosseini AA, Sobhani-Rad D, Ghandehari K, Benamer HT. Frequency and clinical patterns of stroke in Iran-Systematic and critical review. BMC neurology. 2010 Dec;10(1):1-0.##Cimorelli AJ, Perry SG, Venkatram A, Weil JC, Paine RJ, Wilson RB, Lee RF, Peters WD, Brode RW. AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part I: General model formulation and boundary layer characterization. Journal of applied meteorology. 2005 May;44(5):682-93.##Zehtab Yazdi y, Mansouri N, Atabi F, Aghamohammadi H. Dispersion modeling of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) from Asphalt plants in the southeast of Tehran. Journal of environmental health engineering; 2020:8(4)375-390 http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-873-en.html[in Persian]##ul Haq A, Nadeem Q, Farooq A, Irfan N, Ahmad M, Ali MR. Assessment of AERMOD modeling system for application in complex terrain in Pakistan. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2019 Sep 1;10(5):1492-7.## ##

بررسی اثرات اقلیمی ریزگردها بر وضعیت آلودگی هوا در مناطق جنوب غربی ایران Investigation of Climatic Effects of Fine Dust on Air Pollution in Southwestern Iran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: یکی از مشکلات محیط زیستی در مناطق غرب و جنوب غرب ایران، فعالیت ریزگردها در هوای شهرها است که می­تواند اثرات زیادی را بر روی محیط زیست و زندگی انسان­ها ایجاد نماید. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی وضعیت ریزگردها، تاثیر پارامترهای اقلیمی بر آن و وضعیت میدان دید در مناطق جنوب غربی ایران می­باشد. روش کار: در این پژوهش، دوره­های آماری مختلف برای چهار شهر جنوب غربی ایران شامل اهواز، آبادان، خرم آباد و پلدختر در طی سال­های 1389 تا 1398 مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. سپس تعداد روزهای همراه با پدیده ریزگرد، سرعت و جهت حداکثر باد و کاهش میدان دید به عنوان پارامترهای اقلیمی به صورت سالانه و فصلی بررسی گردید. یافته­ها: نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد حداکثر وقوع پدیده ریزگرد در طول سال در شهرهای اهواز و آبادان در فصل بهار و در شهرهای خرم آباد و پلدختر در فصل تابستان و کم­ترین آن برای تمامی ایستگاه­ها در پاییز رخ داده است. بیش ترین تعداد روزهای همراه با پدیده ریزگرد در آبادان و کم ترین آن ها در خرم آباد شکل گرفته است. نتایج هم­چنین نشان داد که در منطقه مورد مطالعه به جز ایستگاه اهواز، فصول مربوط به بیشترین میزان روزهای همراه با پدیده ریزگرد (بهار و تابستان) با فصول حداکثر سرعت باد مطابقت ندارد که نشان دهنده خارجی بودن منشأ پدیده ریزگرد می­باشد. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج حاصله با افزایش فاصله از کشورهای عربی از قبیل عراق و عربستان صعودی، منشأ ریزگردها محلی و درون استانی می­شود. پوشش گیاهی در اطراف شهرها، ورود ریزگردها را به داخل شهرها کاهش داده و به عنوان یک عامل مثبت در کاهش آلودگی منطقه به حساب می آیند. 2 Background and Objectives: The dust pollution in the air of cities is one of the environmental problems in the western and southwestern regions of Iran, which can have many effects on the environment and human life. The purpose of this study is the assessment of dust pollution, the effect of climatic parameters on it and the field of view in the southwestern regions of Iran. Methods: In this study, different statistical periods of four cities in southwestern of Iran including Ahvaz, Abadan, Khorramabad and Poldakhtar were studied during the years 2010 to 2019. The number of dusty days, speed and direction of maximum wind and reduction of field of view were evaluated as annual and seasonal climatic parameters Result: The results showed that the maximum of dusty days accured in the spring and summer in the cities of Ahvaz, Abadan, Khorramabad and Poldakhtar, respectively. The minimum of dusty days in the all stations occurred in autumn. The results also showed that in all cities, except Ahvaz, the seasons with the highest amount of dusty days (spring and summer) do not correspond to the seasons of maximum wind speed, which indicates the external sources of the dust phenomenon. Conclusion: According to the results, increasing the distance from external dust sources of Arab countries such as Iraq and Saudi Arabia, the dust sources become local and internal sources. Vegetation around cities reduces the entry of dust into cities and is considered as an effective factor in reducing pollution in the region. 207 222 2022/02/172022/01/12021/11/282021/12/252022/02/19 1400/11/30 2022/05/72022/04/192022/01/292022/05/112022/04/23 1401/2/3 نوشین بیرجندی Noushin Birjandi استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست و شیلات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران ایران مرتضی قبادی Morteza Ghobadi استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست و شیلات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران ایران Dust Air Pollution Climatic Processes Environment Iran ریزگرد آلودگی هوا فرآیندهای اقلیمی محیط زیست ایران Miller, S.D., Kuciauskas, A.P, Liu, M., Ji, Q., Reid, J.S., Breed W.D., Walker, A.L. Mandoos, Haboob, A.A. dust storms of the southern Arabian Peninsula. 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فرآیند اکسیداسیون پیشرفته بر اساس رادیکال سولفات (AOP-SR) در یک راکتور UV برای حذف پنتاکلروفنل از محیط‌های آبی Advanced Oxidation Process Based Sulfate Radical (AOP-SR) in a UV Reactor to Remove Pentachlorophenol from Aqueous Media 1 1 زمینه و هدف: در سال­های اخیر تصفیه کردن فاضلاب صنایع و استفاده مجدد از آن‌ها به دلیل کمبود آب و رشد سریع صنایع از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. از آلاینده‌های فاضلاب که تأثیر مخربی بر محیط­زیست دارند می­توان به ﻓﻨل و مشتقات آن اشاره نمود. پنتاکلروفنل (PCP) یکی از این مشتقات است که احتمالاً سرطان‌زا برای انسان بوده و تصفیه فاضلاب حاوی پنتاکلروفنل الزامی است. لذا هدف از انجام این مطالعه حذف پنتاکلروفنل از محیط‌های آبی می­باشد. مواد و روش­ها: پارامترهای عملیاتی مؤثر از جمله غلظت اولیه پنتاکلروفنل (۲۵، ۵۰، ۱۰۰ و ۱۵۰ میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، غلظت پرسولفات (۲۵، ۵۰، ۷۵ و ۱۰۰ میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، pH محلول (۵، ۷، ۹ و ۱۱) و زمان واکنش (10، 20، 30 و 40 دقیقه) موردبررسی قرار گرفت. برای شناسایی تأثیر عوامل تجربی در تخریب پنتاکلروفنل، یک طرح آزمایشی بر اساس یک آرایه متعامد با استفاده از روش تاگوچی پیشنهاد شد. یافته ­ها: بر اساس نتایج، 78/98% از پنتاکلروفنل در شرایط بهینه (غلظت اولیه پنتاکلروفنل 25 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر، غلظت سولفات سدیم (Na-PS) 20 میلی­گرم بر لیتر، pH=11 و زمان واکنش 40 دقیقه) حذف شد. در این فرایند میزان حذف COD و TOC به ترتیب 3/82% و 61% بود. آنالیز واریانس (ANOVA) نشان داد که پرسولفات مؤثرترین عامل در حذف پنتاکلروفنل در فرایند پرسولفات/UV است. نتیجه­ گیری: فرایند پرسولفات/UV به عنوان یک فرایند اکسیداسیون پیشرفته، توانمند و سازگار با محیط‌زیست می‌تواند در تصفیه فاضلاب حاوی ترکیات فنلی از جمله پنتاکلروفنل مورداستفاده قرار گیرد 2 Background & Objectives: In recent years, due to water shortages and rapid industrial growth, the treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater has become of great importance. Phenol and its derivatives can be mentioned as wastewater pollutants that have a destructive effect on the environment. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is one of these derivatives that may be carcinogenic to humans, and wastewater treatment containing PCP is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to remove PCP from aqueous media. Materials and Methods: Effective operating parameters such as initial PCP concentration (25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L), persulfate concentration (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L), solution pH (5, 7, 9, and 11), and reaction time (10, 20, 30, and 40 min) were investigated. After the removal of PCP, an experimental design based on an orthogonal array using the Taguchi method was proposed. Results: Based on the results, 98.78% of PCP in the optimal conditions (initial concentration of PCP of 25 mg/L, concentration of sodium sulfate (Na-PS) of 20 mg/L, pH = 11, and reaction time of 40 min) was removed. In this process, the COD and TOC removal rates were 82.3% and 61%, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that persulfate is the most effective factor in the removal of PCP in the persulfate/UV process. Conclusion: Persulfate/UV processes as an advanced oxidation process, powerful and environmentally friendly, can be used in wastewater treatment containing phenolic compounds, including PCP. 223 238 2022/02/172022/01/12021/11/282021/12/252022/02/192022/03/16 1400/12/25 2022/05/72022/04/192022/01/292022/05/112022/04/232022/04/16 1401/1/27 قربان عسگری Ghorban Asgari استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران-استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران ایران محمدرضا سمرقندی Mohammad Reza Samargandi ستاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران ایران عبدالمطلب صید محمدی Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران-استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران ایران رضا جمشیدی Reza Jamshidi کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران ایران Persulfate UV lamp Sulfate radical Pentachlorophenol Taguchi. پرسولفات لامپ UV رادیکال سولفات پنتاکلروفنل تاگوچی 1. Busca G, Berardinelli S, Resini C, Arrighi L. Technologies for the removal of phenol from fluid streams: a short review of recent developments. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008; 160:265-88.##Nayak PS, Singh BK. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by sorption on low cost clay. Desalination. 2007; 207:71-9.##Astereki S, Jafari A. 2-cholorophenol removal from aqueous solutions using electro/persulfate process. yafte. 2015;17(3) [In Persian].##Navarro AE, Cuizano NA, Lazo JC, Sun-Kou MR, Llanos BP. Comparative study of the removal of phenolic compounds by biological and non-biological adsorbents. Journal of hazardous materials. 2009; 164:1439-46.##Rahman RA, Anuar N. Pentachlorophenol removal via adsorption and biodegradation. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2009; 31:190-5.##Melin E, Ferguson J, Puhakka J. Pentachlorophenol biodegradation kinetics of an oligotrophic fluidized-bed enrichment culture. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 1997; 47:675-82.##Willis KJ, Ling N, Chapman MA. Effects of temperature and chemical formulation on the acute toxicity of pentachlorophenol to Simocephalus vetulus (Schoedler, 1858)(Crustacea: Cladocera). 1995.##Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Available from: https://www.epa.gov/.##Zheng W, Wang X, Yu H, Tao X, Zhou Y, Qu W. Global trends and diversity in pentachlorophenol levels in the environment and in humans: a meta-analysis. Environmental science & technology. 2011; 45:4668-75.##Rahmani A, Asgar G, Samiee F. Evaluation of Performance Catalytic Ozonation with Activated Alumina in the Removal of Pentachlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions and Study of the Intermediates. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2013; 20 (1):77-85 [In Persian].##National Toxicology Program (NTP). Available from: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/.##Seyedi Z, Amooey AA, Amouei A, Tashakkorian H. Pentachlorophenol removal from aqueous solutions using Montmorillonite modified by Silane & Imidazole: kinetic and isotherm study. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2019:1-11.##Edgehill RU, Finn RK. Activated sludge treatment of synthetic wastewater containing pentachlorophenol. Biotechnology and bioengineering. 1983; 25:2165-76.##14. Tolardo V, García-Ballesteros S, Santos-Juanes L, Vercher R, Amat AM, Arques A, et al. Pentachlorophenol Removal from Water by Soybean Peroxidase and Iron (II) Salts Concerted Action. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2019; 230:140.##Pan J, Zou X, Wang X, Guan W, Li C, Yan Y, et al. Adsorptive removal of 2, 4-didichlorophenol and 2, 6-didichlorophenol from aqueous solution by β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composites: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. Chemical engineering journal. 2011; 166:40-8.##Song W, Li J, Fu C, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yang J, et al. Kinetics and pathway of atrazine degradation by a novel method: Persulfate coupled with dithionite. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019; 373:803-13.##Jung B, Sivasubramanian R, Batchelor B, Abdel-Wahab A. Chlorate reduction by dithionite/UV advanced reduction process. International journal of environmental science and technology. 2017; 14:123-34.##Turi L, Rossky PJ. Theoretical studies of spectroscopy and dynamics of hydrated electrons. Chemical reviews. 2012; 112:5641-74.##Romero A, Santos A, Vicente F, González C. Diuron abatement using activated persulphate: effect of pH, Fe (II) and oxidant dosage. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010; 162:257-65.##Wang C-W, Liang C. Oxidative degradation of TMAH solution with UV persulfate activation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2014; 254:472-8.##Gao Y-q, Gao N-y, Deng Y, Yang Y-q, Ma Y. Ultraviolet (UV) light-activated persulfate oxidation of sulfamethazine in water. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2012; 195:248-53.##Maazinejad B, Mohammadnia O, Ali GA, Makhlouf AS, Nadagouda MN, Sillanpää M, et al. Taguchi L9 (34) orthogonal array study based on methylene blue removal by single-walled carbon nanotubes-amine: adsorption optimization using the experimental design method, kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 298:112001.##Asgari, Ghorban, Maleki, Sima, Seid Mohammadi, Abdolmutallab. Furfural removal from industrial wastewater using the electrocoagulation process: An experimental design using the Taguchi model. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2017; 27 (147): 306-21[In Persian].##Asgari G, Seidmohammadi A, Rahmani AR, Samarghandi MR, Faraji H. Application of the UV/sulfoxylate/phenol process in the simultaneous removal of nitrate and pentachlorophenol from the aqueous solution. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 314:113581.##Liang C, Su H-W. Identification of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in thermally activated persulfate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2009; 48:5558-62.##Orts F, Bonastre J, Fernández J, Cases F. Effect of chloride on the one step electrochemical treatment of an industrial textile wastewater with tin dioxide anodes. The case of trichromy procion HEXL. Chemosphere. 2020; 245:125396.##Ramavandi B, Asgari G, Faradmal J, Sahebi S, Roshani B. Abatement of Cr (VI) from wastewater using a new adsorbent, cantaloupe peel: taguchi L 16 orthogonal array optimization. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014; 31:2207-14.##Zolfaghari G, Esmaili-Sari A, Anbia M, Younesi H, Amirmahmoodi S, Ghafari-Nazari A. Taguchi optimization approach for Pb (II) and Hg (II) removal from aqueous solutions using modified mesoporous carbon. Journal of hazardous materials. 2011; 192:1046-55.##Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou A. A potential novel approach for in situ chemical oxidation based on the combination of persulfate and dithionite. Science of the Total Environment. 2019; 693:133-635.##Rao Y, Qu L, Yang H, Chu W. Degradation of carbamazepine by Fe (II)-activated persulfate process. Journal of hazardous materials. 2014; 268:23-32.##Rodriguez S, Vasquez L, Costa D, Romero A, Santos A. Oxidation of Orange G by persulfate activated by Fe (II), Fe (III) and zero valent iron (ZVI). Chemosphere. 2014; 101:86-92.##Asgari G, Seid-Mohammadi A, Samargandi MR, Jamshidi R. Mineralization, kinetics, and degradation pathway of pentachlorophenol degradation from aqueous media via persulfate/dithionite process. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2021:103357.##Zhao J, Zhang Y, Quan X, Chen S. Enhanced oxidation of 4-chlorophenol using sulfate radicals generated from zero-valent iron and peroxydisulfate at ambient temperature. Separation and Purification Technology. 2010; 71:302-7.##Wang S, Zhou N. Removal of carbamazepine from aqueous solution using sono-activated persulfate process. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2016; 29:156-62.##Ghorbanian Z, Asgari G, Samadi MT, Seid-mohammadi A. Removal of 2, 4 dichlorophenol using microwave assisted nanoscale zero-valent copper activated persulfate from aqueous solutions: Mineralization, kinetics, and degradation pathways. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2019; 296:111873.##Pan X, Wei J, Zou M, Chen J, Qu R, Wang Z. Products distribution and contribution of (de) chlorination, hydroxylation and coupling reactions to 2, 4-dichlorophenol removal in seven oxidation systems. Water research. 2021; 194:116916.##Lin Y-T, Liang C, Chen J-H. Feasibility study of ultraviolet activated persulfate oxidation of phenol. Chemosphere. 2011; 82:1168-72.##Gao Y-q, Gao N-y, Deng Y, Yin D-q, Zhang Y-s, Rong W-l, et al. Heat-activated persulfate oxidation of sulfamethoxazole in water. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2015; 56:2225-33.##Asgari G, Sidmohammadi A, Rahmani AR, Samargandi MR, Faraji H. Efficient decomposition of pentachlorophenol by a high photon flux UV/sodium hydrosulfite: Kinetics, intermediates and associated transformation pathway. Optik. 2020; 218:164981.##1. Busca G, Berardinelli S, Resini C, Arrighi L. Technologies for the removal of phenol from fluid streams: a short review of recent developments. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008; 160:265-88.##Nayak PS, Singh BK. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by sorption on low cost clay. Desalination. 2007; 207:71-9.##Astereki S, Jafari A. 2-cholorophenol removal from aqueous solutions using electro/persulfate process. yafte. 2015;17(3) [In Persian].##Navarro AE, Cuizano NA, Lazo JC, Sun-Kou MR, Llanos BP. Comparative study of the removal of phenolic compounds by biological and non-biological adsorbents. Journal of hazardous materials. 2009; 164:1439-46.##Rahman RA, Anuar N. Pentachlorophenol removal via adsorption and biodegradation. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2009; 31:190-5.##Melin E, Ferguson J, Puhakka J. Pentachlorophenol biodegradation kinetics of an oligotrophic fluidized-bed enrichment culture. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 1997; 47:675-82.##Willis KJ, Ling N, Chapman MA. Effects of temperature and chemical formulation on the acute toxicity of pentachlorophenol to Simocephalus vetulus (Schoedler, 1858)(Crustacea: Cladocera). 1995.##Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Available from: https://www.epa.gov/.##Zheng W, Wang X, Yu H, Tao X, Zhou Y, Qu W. Global trends and diversity in pentachlorophenol levels in the environment and in humans: a meta-analysis. Environmental science & technology. 2011; 45:4668-75.##Rahmani A, Asgar G, Samiee F. Evaluation of Performance Catalytic Ozonation with Activated Alumina in the Removal of Pentachlorophenol from Aqueous Solutions and Study of the Intermediates. Avicenna J Clin Med. 2013; 20 (1):77-85 [In Persian].##National Toxicology Program (NTP). Available from: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/.##Seyedi Z, Amooey AA, Amouei A, Tashakkorian H. Pentachlorophenol removal from aqueous solutions using Montmorillonite modified by Silane & Imidazole: kinetic and isotherm study. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2019:1-11.##Edgehill RU, Finn RK. Activated sludge treatment of synthetic wastewater containing pentachlorophenol. Biotechnology and bioengineering. 1983; 25:2165-76.##14. Tolardo V, García-Ballesteros S, Santos-Juanes L, Vercher R, Amat AM, Arques A, et al. Pentachlorophenol Removal from Water by Soybean Peroxidase and Iron (II) Salts Concerted Action. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2019; 230:140.##Pan J, Zou X, Wang X, Guan W, Li C, Yan Y, et al. Adsorptive removal of 2, 4-didichlorophenol and 2, 6-didichlorophenol from aqueous solution by β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite composites: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. Chemical engineering journal. 2011; 166:40-8.##Song W, Li J, Fu C, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yang J, et al. Kinetics and pathway of atrazine degradation by a novel method: Persulfate coupled with dithionite. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2019; 373:803-13.##Jung B, Sivasubramanian R, Batchelor B, Abdel-Wahab A. Chlorate reduction by dithionite/UV advanced reduction process. International journal of environmental science and technology. 2017; 14:123-34.##Turi L, Rossky PJ. Theoretical studies of spectroscopy and dynamics of hydrated electrons. Chemical reviews. 2012; 112:5641-74.##Romero A, Santos A, Vicente F, González C. Diuron abatement using activated persulphate: effect of pH, Fe (II) and oxidant dosage. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2010; 162:257-65.##Wang C-W, Liang C. Oxidative degradation of TMAH solution with UV persulfate activation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2014; 254:472-8.##Gao Y-q, Gao N-y, Deng Y, Yang Y-q, Ma Y. Ultraviolet (UV) light-activated persulfate oxidation of sulfamethazine in water. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2012; 195:248-53.##Maazinejad B, Mohammadnia O, Ali GA, Makhlouf AS, Nadagouda MN, Sillanpää M, et al. Taguchi L9 (34) orthogonal array study based on methylene blue removal by single-walled carbon nanotubes-amine: adsorption optimization using the experimental design method, kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 298:112001.##Asgari, Ghorban, Maleki, Sima, Seid Mohammadi, Abdolmutallab. Furfural removal from industrial wastewater using the electrocoagulation process: An experimental design using the Taguchi model. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2017; 27 (147): 306-21[In Persian].##Asgari G, Seidmohammadi A, Rahmani AR, Samarghandi MR, Faraji H. Application of the UV/sulfoxylate/phenol process in the simultaneous removal of nitrate and pentachlorophenol from the aqueous solution. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 314:113581.##Liang C, Su H-W. Identification of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in thermally activated persulfate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2009; 48:5558-62.##Orts F, Bonastre J, Fernández J, Cases F. Effect of chloride on the one step electrochemical treatment of an industrial textile wastewater with tin dioxide anodes. The case of trichromy procion HEXL. Chemosphere. 2020; 245:125396.##Ramavandi B, Asgari G, Faradmal J, Sahebi S, Roshani B. Abatement of Cr (VI) from wastewater using a new adsorbent, cantaloupe peel: taguchi L 16 orthogonal array optimization. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014; 31:2207-14.##Zolfaghari G, Esmaili-Sari A, Anbia M, Younesi H, Amirmahmoodi S, Ghafari-Nazari A. Taguchi optimization approach for Pb (II) and Hg (II) removal from aqueous solutions using modified mesoporous carbon. Journal of hazardous materials. 2011; 192:1046-55.##Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou A. A potential novel approach for in situ chemical oxidation based on the combination of persulfate and dithionite. Science of the Total Environment. 2019; 693:133-635.##Rao Y, Qu L, Yang H, Chu W. Degradation of carbamazepine by Fe (II)-activated persulfate process. Journal of hazardous materials. 2014; 268:23-32.##Rodriguez S, Vasquez L, Costa D, Romero A, Santos A. Oxidation of Orange G by persulfate activated by Fe (II), Fe (III) and zero valent iron (ZVI). Chemosphere. 2014; 101:86-92.##Asgari G, Seid-Mohammadi A, Samargandi MR, Jamshidi R. Mineralization, kinetics, and degradation pathway of pentachlorophenol degradation from aqueous media via persulfate/dithionite process. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2021:103357.##Zhao J, Zhang Y, Quan X, Chen S. Enhanced oxidation of 4-chlorophenol using sulfate radicals generated from zero-valent iron and peroxydisulfate at ambient temperature. Separation and Purification Technology. 2010; 71:302-7.##Wang S, Zhou N. Removal of carbamazepine from aqueous solution using sono-activated persulfate process. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2016; 29:156-62.##Ghorbanian Z, Asgari G, Samadi MT, Seid-mohammadi A. Removal of 2, 4 dichlorophenol using microwave assisted nanoscale zero-valent copper activated persulfate from aqueous solutions: Mineralization, kinetics, and degradation pathways. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2019; 296:111873.##Pan X, Wei J, Zou M, Chen J, Qu R, Wang Z. Products distribution and contribution of (de) chlorination, hydroxylation and coupling reactions to 2, 4-dichlorophenol removal in seven oxidation systems. Water research. 2021; 194:116916.##Lin Y-T, Liang C, Chen J-H. Feasibility study of ultraviolet activated persulfate oxidation of phenol. Chemosphere. 2011; 82:1168-72.##Gao Y-q, Gao N-y, Deng Y, Yin D-q, Zhang Y-s, Rong W-l, et al. Heat-activated persulfate oxidation of sulfamethoxazole in water. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2015; 56:2225-33.##Asgari G, Sidmohammadi A, Rahmani AR, Samargandi MR, Faraji H. Efficient decomposition of pentachlorophenol by a high photon flux UV/sodium hydrosulfite: Kinetics, intermediates and associated transformation pathway. Optik. 2020; 218:164981.## ##

بررسی کارایی نانوذرات مس نیکل فریت بارگذاری شده روی نانوتیوب کربنی چند دیواره ای در فعال سازی پراکسی مونوسولفات برای تجزیه رنگ راکتیو بلک 5 از محلول های آبی Evaluation of efficiency of copper-nickel ferrite nanoparticles loaded onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes in activation of peroxymonosulfate for degradation of reactive black dye 5 from aqueous solutions 1 1 زمینه و هدف: توسعه صنایع اخیرا منجر به آزاد سازی 105 × 2 تن فاضلاب رنگی به محیط زیست شده است. حضور این محلولها به دلیل ویژگیهای پتانسیل سمیت و فعالیت سرطان‌زایی میتواند تهدیدی برای سلامتی انسان باشد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی کارایی نانوکامپوزیت MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 در فعال سازی پراکسی مونوسولفات (PMS) برای تجزیه رنگ راکتیو بلک 5 (RB5) بود. روش کار: در این مطالعه نانوکامپوزیت با تکنیک های تشخیصی SEM، TEM، FTIR و XRD تعیین ویژگی شد. تاثیر پارامترهای عملیاتی همچون pH ( 2-11)، غلظت نانوکامپوزیت (750- 10 میلی گرم بر لیتر)، غلظت PMS (8- 25/0 میلی مولار)، غلظت رنگ ( 250- 10 میلی گرم بر لیتر) و زمان واکنش (60-0 دقیقه) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمایشات پایداری و محدود کنندگی گونه های واکنش پذیر در شرایط بهینه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که سیستم MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4/PMS عملکرد بالای در تجزیه RB5 نسبت به سیستم های همچون PMS، MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 و CuFe2O4/PMS دارد. تجزیه کامل RB5 در pH 7، مقدار نانوکامپوزیت 250 میلی گرم بر لیتر، مقدار PMS 4 میلی مولار و زمان واکنش 15 دقیقه بدست آمد. تصفیه مناسب محلول های واقعی به دلیل حضور مواد مداخله گر نیاز به زمان واکنش بالای 240 دقیقه می باشد. آزمایشات پایداری برای 5 سیکل واکنش نشان داد که MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 میتواند یک کاتالیست قابل بازیافت در فعال سازی PMS باشد.  نتیجه گیری:  کامپوزیت سنتز شده به دلیل قابلیت بازیافت و بازدهی بالا میتواند به عنوان یک کاتالیست برای فعال سازی PMS در حذف رنگ RB5 مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.   2 Background and Aim: The development of industry has recently led to the release of 2 × 105 tons of colored wastewater into the environment. The presence of these solutions due to their toxicity and carcinogenic potential can be a threat to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 nanocomposite in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degradation of reactive black 5 dye (RB5). Methods: In this study, nanocomposites were characterized by diagnostic techniques of SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. Influence of operating parameters such as pH (2-11), nanocomposite concentration (10-750 mg/L), PMS concentration (0.25-8 mM), dye concentration (10-250 mg/L), and reaction time (0-60 min) was evaluated. Stability and scavenging tests of reactive species under optimal conditions were studied. Results: The results showed that the MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4/PMS system has a high performance in RB5 degradation compared to systems such as PMS, MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 and CuFe2O4/PMS.  RB5 degradation complete was obtained at pH of 7, the composite concentration of 250 mg/L, the PMS concentration of 4 mM, and the reaction time of 15 minutes. Suitable treatment of real solutions due to the presence of interfering materials requires a reaction time above 240 min. Stability tests for 5 reaction cycles showed that MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 could be a recyclable catalyst in PMS activation. Conclusion: The synthesized composite can be used as a catalyst to activate PMS in RB5 dye removal due to its recyclability and high efficiency. 239 256 2022/02/172022/01/12021/11/282021/12/252022/02/192022/03/162022/01/4 1400/10/14 2022/05/72022/04/192022/01/292022/05/112022/04/232022/04/162022/04/15 1401/1/26 مهدی الحمد Mehdi Alhamd گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران ایران طیبه طباطبایی Tayebeh Tabatabaie گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران ایران ایمان پارسه Iman Parseh گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده علوم پزشکی بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران-استاد مدعو، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران ایران فاضل امیری Fazel Amiri گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران ایران نظام الدین منگلی زاده Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh استاد مدعو، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران ایران Nanocomposite MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 Peroxymonosulfate Recycling Catalysis. نانوکامپوزیت MWCNTs-CuNiFe2O4 پراکسی مونوسولفات بازیافت کاتالیزیز. 1. Yagub MT, Sen TK, Afroze S, Ang HM. Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014;209: 172-84.##Meriç S, Kaptan D, Ölmez T. Color and COD removal from wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 using Fenton's oxidation process. Chemosphere 2004;54(3): 435-41.##Felista MM, Wanyonyi WC, Gilbert O. Adsorption of Anionic Dye (Reactive Black 5) Using Macadamia Seed Husks: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies. Sci African 2020: e00283.##Hamzeh Y, Ashori A, Azadeh E, Abdulkhani A. Removal of Acid Orange 7 and Remazol Black 5 reactive dyes from aqueous solutions using a novel biosorbent. Mater Sci Eng C 2012;32(6): 1394-400.##Ballav N, Debnath S, Pillay K, Maity A. Efficient removal of Reactive Black from aqueous solution using polyaniline coated ligno-cellulose composite as a potential adsorbent. J Mol Liq 2015;209: 387-96.##Nabil GM, El-Mallah NM, Mahmoud ME. Enhanced decolorization of reactive black 5 dye by active carbon sorbent-immobilized-cationic surfactant (AC-CS). J Ind Eng Chem 2014;20(3): 994-1002.##7. Murugesan K, Dhamija A, Nam I-H, et al. Decolourization of reactive black 5 by laccase: optimization by response surface methodology. Dyes Pigm 2007;75(1): 176-84.##Mook WT, Ajeel MA, Aroua MK, Szlachta M. The application of iron mesh double layer as anode for the electrochemical treatment of Reactive Black 5 dye. J Environ Sci 2017;54: 184-95.##Kim MH, Hwang C-H, Kang SB, et al. Removal of hydrolyzed Reactive Black 5 from aqueous solution using a polyethylenimine-polyvinyl chloride composite fiber. Chem Eng J 2015;280: 18-25.##Cardoso NF, Pinto RB, Lima EC, et al. Removal of remazol black B textile dye from aqueous solution by adsorption. Desalination 2011;269(1-3): 92-103.##He Z, Song S, Zhou H, et al. CI Reactive Black 5 decolorization by combined sonolysis and ozonation. Ultrason Sonochem 2007; 1;14(3):298-304.##Aljeboree AM, Alshirifi AN, Alkaim AF. Kinetics and equilibrium study for the adsorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon. Arab J Chem 2017;10: S3381-S93.##Kermani M, Farzadkia M, Morovati M, et al. Degradation of furfural in aqueous solution using activated persulfate and peroxymonosulfate by ultrasound irradiation. J Environ Manage 2020;266: 110616.##Han W, Li D, Zhang M, et al. Photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by surface-tailored carbon quantum dots. J Hazard Mater 2020: 122695.##He D, Li Y, Lyu C, et al. New insights into MnOOH/peroxymonosulfate system for catalytic oxidation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol: Morphology dependence and mechanisms. Chemosphere 2020: 126961.##Peng J, Zhou H, Liu W, et al. Insights into heterogeneous catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by natural chalcopyrite: pH-dependent radical generation, degradation pathway and mechanism. Chem Eng J 2020; 397:125387##Du Y, Ma W, Liu P, et al. Magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles supported on titanate nanotubes (CoFe2O4/TNTs) as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for peroxymonosulfate activation and degradation of organic pollutants. J Hazard Mater 2016;308: 58-66.##La DD, Nguyen TA, Jones LA, Bhosale SV. Graphene-supported spinel CuFe2O4 composites: novel adsorbents for arsenic removal in aqueous media. Sensors 2017;17(6): 1292.##Othman I, Haija MA, Ismail I, et al. Preparation and catalytic performance of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (CuFe2O4/rGO) for phenol degradation. Mater Chem Phys 2019;238: 121931.##Tuan Nguyen HD, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TT, et al. The Preparation and Characterization of MnFe2O4-Decorated Expanded Graphite for Removal of Heavy Oils from Water. Materials 2019;12(12): 1913.##Wu L-K, Wu H, Zhang H-B, et al. Graphene oxide/CuFe2O4 foam as an efficient absorbent for arsenic removal from water. Chem Eng J 2018; 334:1808-19.##Velinov N, Petrova T, Ivanova R, et al. Synthesis and characterization of copper-nickel ferrite catalysts for ethyl acetate oxidation. Hyperfine Interact 2020;241(1): 1-12.##Kharisov BI, Dias HR, Kharissova OV. Mini-review: ferrite nanoparticles in the catalysis. Arab J Chem 2019;12(7): 1234-46.##Ahamad H, Meshram N, Bankar S, et al. Structural properties of CuxNi1-xFe2O4 nano ferrites prepared by urea-gel microwave auto combustion method. Ferroelectrics 2017; 516(1):67-73.##Manju BG, Raji P. Green Synthesis of Nickel-Copper Mixed Ferrite Nanoparticles: Structural, Optical, Magnetic, Electrochemical and Antibacterial Studies. J Electron Mater 2019;48(12): 7710-20.##Ghadari R, Namazi H, Aghazadeh M. Synthesis of graphene oxide supported copper-cobalt ferrite material functionalized by arginine amino acid as a new high-performance catalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2018;32(1): e3965.##Masotti A, Caporali A. Preparation of magnetic carbon nanotubes (Mag-CNTs) for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Int J Mol Sci 2013;14(12): 24619-42.##Camilli L, Passacantando M. Advances on sensors based on carbon nanotubes. Chemosensors 2018;6(4): 62.##Yao Y, Xu F, Chen M, et al. Adsorption behavior of methylene blue on carbon nanotubes. Bioresour Technol 2010;101(9): 3040-6.##Chaudhary D, Singh S, Vankar V, Khare N. ZnO nanoparticles decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 2018;351: 154-61.##Duan Q, Lee J, Liu Y, Qi H. Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of MWCNTs/TiO2 Nanocomposites for Degradation of Aqueous Substrate. J Chem 2016;2016.##Chen J, Zhang L, Huang T, et al. Decolorization of azo dye by peroxymonosulfate activated by carbon nanotube: radical versus non-radical mechanism. J Hazard Mater 2016;320: 571-80.##Lee H, Lee H-J, Jeong J, et al. Activation of persulfates by carbon nanotubes: Oxidation of organic compounds by nonradical mechanism. Chem Eng J 2015;266: 28-33.##Suwattanamala A, Bandis N, Tedsree K, Issro C. Synthesis, characterization and adsorption properties of Fe3O4/MWCNT magnetic nanocomposites. Mater Today: Proc 2017;4(5): 6567-75.##Ensafi AA, Saeid F, Rezaei B, Allafchian AR. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles decorated with MWCNTs as a selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of epinephrine using differential pulse voltammetry. Anal Methods 2014;6(17): 6885-92.##Rajabzadeh M, Khalifeh R, Eshghi H, Bakavoli M. A facile hydrothermal synthesis of novel hollow triple-shell CuNiFe2O4 nanospheres with robust catalytic performance in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. J Catal 2018;360: 261-9.##Wang Z, Du Y, Liu Y, et al. Degradation of organic pollutants by NiFe 2 O 4/peroxymonosulfate: efficiency, influential factors and catalytic mechanism. Rsc Adv 2016;6(13): 11040-8.##Dong X, Ren B, Sun Z, et al. Monodispersed CuFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on natural kaolinite as highly efficient peroxymonosulfate catalyst for bisphenol A degradation. Appl Catal B: Environ 2019;253: 206-17.##Xu L, Chu W, Gan L. Environmental application of graphene-based CoFe2O4 as an activator of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of a plasticizer. Chem Eng J 2015;263: 435-43.##Su S, Guo W, Leng Y, et al. Heterogeneous activation of Oxone by CoxFe3− xO4 nanocatalysts for degradation of rhodamine B. J Hazard Mater 2013;244: 736-42.##Tian R, Dong H, Chen J, et al. Amorphous Co3O4 Nanoparticles-Decorated Biochar as an Efficient Activator of Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Sulfamethazine in Aqueous Solution. Sep Purif Technol 2020: 117246.##Xu L, Chu W, Gan L. Environmental application of graphene-based CoFe 2 O 4 as an activator of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of a plasticizer. Chem Eng J 2015;263: 435-43.##Tan C, Lu X, Cui X, et al. Novel activation of peroxymonosulfate by an easily recyclable VC@ Fe3O4 nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of sulfadiazine. Chem Eng J 2019;363: 318-28.##Yao Y, Yang Z, Sun H, Wang S. Hydrothermal synthesis of Co3O4-graphene for heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate for decomposition of phenol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012;51(46): 14958-65.##Gong C, Chen F, Yang Q, et al. Heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate by Fe-Co layered doubled hydroxide for efficient catalytic degradation of Rhoadmine B. Chem Eng J 2017;321: 222-32.##Deng J, Chen Y-J, Lu Y-A, et al. Synthesis of magnetic CoFe2O4/ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposites and application in Fenton-like oxidation of rhodamine B. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2017;24(16): 14396-408.##Deng J, Shao Y, Gao N, et al. CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as a highly active heterogeneous catalyst of oxone for the degradation of diclofenac in water. J Hazard Mater 2013;262: 836-44.##Ghanbari F, Moradi M. Application of peroxymonosulfate and its activation methods for degradation of environmental organic pollutants: Review. Chem Eng J 2017;310: 41-62.##Al Hakim S, Jaber S, Eddine NZ, et al. Degradation of theophylline in a UV254/PS system: Matrix effect and application to a factory effluent. Chem Eng J 2020; 380:122478.##1. Yagub MT, Sen TK, Afroze S, Ang HM. Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014;209: 172-84.##Meriç S, Kaptan D, Ölmez T. Color and COD removal from wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 using Fenton's oxidation process. Chemosphere 2004;54(3): 435-41.##Felista MM, Wanyonyi WC, Gilbert O. Adsorption of Anionic Dye (Reactive Black 5) Using Macadamia Seed Husks: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies. Sci African 2020: e00283.##Hamzeh Y, Ashori A, Azadeh E, Abdulkhani A. Removal of Acid Orange 7 and Remazol Black 5 reactive dyes from aqueous solutions using a novel biosorbent. Mater Sci Eng C 2012;32(6): 1394-400.##Ballav N, Debnath S, Pillay K, Maity A. Efficient removal of Reactive Black from aqueous solution using polyaniline coated ligno-cellulose composite as a potential adsorbent. J Mol Liq 2015;209: 387-96.##Nabil GM, El-Mallah NM, Mahmoud ME. Enhanced decolorization of reactive black 5 dye by active carbon sorbent-immobilized-cationic surfactant (AC-CS). J Ind Eng Chem 2014;20(3): 994-1002.##7. Murugesan K, Dhamija A, Nam I-H, et al. Decolourization of reactive black 5 by laccase: optimization by response surface methodology. Dyes Pigm 2007;75(1): 176-84.##Mook WT, Ajeel MA, Aroua MK, Szlachta M. The application of iron mesh double layer as anode for the electrochemical treatment of Reactive Black 5 dye. J Environ Sci 2017;54: 184-95.##Kim MH, Hwang C-H, Kang SB, et al. Removal of hydrolyzed Reactive Black 5 from aqueous solution using a polyethylenimine-polyvinyl chloride composite fiber. Chem Eng J 2015;280: 18-25.##Cardoso NF, Pinto RB, Lima EC, et al. Removal of remazol black B textile dye from aqueous solution by adsorption. Desalination 2011;269(1-3): 92-103.##He Z, Song S, Zhou H, et al. CI Reactive Black 5 decolorization by combined sonolysis and ozonation. Ultrason Sonochem 2007; 1;14(3):298-304.##Aljeboree AM, Alshirifi AN, Alkaim AF. Kinetics and equilibrium study for the adsorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon. Arab J Chem 2017;10: S3381-S93.##Kermani M, Farzadkia M, Morovati M, et al. Degradation of furfural in aqueous solution using activated persulfate and peroxymonosulfate by ultrasound irradiation. J Environ Manage 2020;266: 110616.##Han W, Li D, Zhang M, et al. Photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by surface-tailored carbon quantum dots. J Hazard Mater 2020: 122695.##He D, Li Y, Lyu C, et al. New insights into MnOOH/peroxymonosulfate system for catalytic oxidation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol: Morphology dependence and mechanisms. Chemosphere 2020: 126961.##Peng J, Zhou H, Liu W, et al. Insights into heterogeneous catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by natural chalcopyrite: pH-dependent radical generation, degradation pathway and mechanism. Chem Eng J 2020; 397:125387##Du Y, Ma W, Liu P, et al. Magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles supported on titanate nanotubes (CoFe2O4/TNTs) as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for peroxymonosulfate activation and degradation of organic pollutants. J Hazard Mater 2016;308: 58-66.##La DD, Nguyen TA, Jones LA, Bhosale SV. Graphene-supported spinel CuFe2O4 composites: novel adsorbents for arsenic removal in aqueous media. Sensors 2017;17(6): 1292.##Othman I, Haija MA, Ismail I, et al. Preparation and catalytic performance of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (CuFe2O4/rGO) for phenol degradation. Mater Chem Phys 2019;238: 121931.##Tuan Nguyen HD, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TT, et al. The Preparation and Characterization of MnFe2O4-Decorated Expanded Graphite for Removal of Heavy Oils from Water. Materials 2019;12(12): 1913.##Wu L-K, Wu H, Zhang H-B, et al. Graphene oxide/CuFe2O4 foam as an efficient absorbent for arsenic removal from water. Chem Eng J 2018; 334:1808-19.##Velinov N, Petrova T, Ivanova R, et al. Synthesis and characterization of copper-nickel ferrite catalysts for ethyl acetate oxidation. Hyperfine Interact 2020;241(1): 1-12.##Kharisov BI, Dias HR, Kharissova OV. Mini-review: ferrite nanoparticles in the catalysis. Arab J Chem 2019;12(7): 1234-46.##Ahamad H, Meshram N, Bankar S, et al. Structural properties of CuxNi1-xFe2O4 nano ferrites prepared by urea-gel microwave auto combustion method. Ferroelectrics 2017; 516(1):67-73.##Manju BG, Raji P. Green Synthesis of Nickel-Copper Mixed Ferrite Nanoparticles: Structural, Optical, Magnetic, Electrochemical and Antibacterial Studies. J Electron Mater 2019;48(12): 7710-20.##Ghadari R, Namazi H, Aghazadeh M. Synthesis of graphene oxide supported copper-cobalt ferrite material functionalized by arginine amino acid as a new high-performance catalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2018;32(1): e3965.##Masotti A, Caporali A. Preparation of magnetic carbon nanotubes (Mag-CNTs) for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Int J Mol Sci 2013;14(12): 24619-42.##Camilli L, Passacantando M. Advances on sensors based on carbon nanotubes. Chemosensors 2018;6(4): 62.##Yao Y, Xu F, Chen M, et al. Adsorption behavior of methylene blue on carbon nanotubes. Bioresour Technol 2010;101(9): 3040-6.##Chaudhary D, Singh S, Vankar V, Khare N. ZnO nanoparticles decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 2018;351: 154-61.##Duan Q, Lee J, Liu Y, Qi H. Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of MWCNTs/TiO2 Nanocomposites for Degradation of Aqueous Substrate. J Chem 2016;2016.##Chen J, Zhang L, Huang T, et al. Decolorization of azo dye by peroxymonosulfate activated by carbon nanotube: radical versus non-radical mechanism. J Hazard Mater 2016;320: 571-80.##Lee H, Lee H-J, Jeong J, et al. Activation of persulfates by carbon nanotubes: Oxidation of organic compounds by nonradical mechanism. Chem Eng J 2015;266: 28-33.##Suwattanamala A, Bandis N, Tedsree K, Issro C. Synthesis, characterization and adsorption properties of Fe3O4/MWCNT magnetic nanocomposites. Mater Today: Proc 2017;4(5): 6567-75.##Ensafi AA, Saeid F, Rezaei B, Allafchian AR. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles decorated with MWCNTs as a selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of epinephrine using differential pulse voltammetry. Anal Methods 2014;6(17): 6885-92.##Rajabzadeh M, Khalifeh R, Eshghi H, Bakavoli M. A facile hydrothermal synthesis of novel hollow triple-shell CuNiFe2O4 nanospheres with robust catalytic performance in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. J Catal 2018;360: 261-9.##Wang Z, Du Y, Liu Y, et al. Degradation of organic pollutants by NiFe 2 O 4/peroxymonosulfate: efficiency, influential factors and catalytic mechanism. Rsc Adv 2016;6(13): 11040-8.##Dong X, Ren B, Sun Z, et al. Monodispersed CuFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on natural kaolinite as highly efficient peroxymonosulfate catalyst for bisphenol A degradation. Appl Catal B: Environ 2019;253: 206-17.##Xu L, Chu W, Gan L. Environmental application of graphene-based CoFe2O4 as an activator of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of a plasticizer. Chem Eng J 2015;263: 435-43.##Su S, Guo W, Leng Y, et al. Heterogeneous activation of Oxone by CoxFe3− xO4 nanocatalysts for degradation of rhodamine B. J Hazard Mater 2013;244: 736-42.##Tian R, Dong H, Chen J, et al. Amorphous Co3O4 Nanoparticles-Decorated Biochar as an Efficient Activator of Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Sulfamethazine in Aqueous Solution. Sep Purif Technol 2020: 117246.##Xu L, Chu W, Gan L. Environmental application of graphene-based CoFe 2 O 4 as an activator of peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of a plasticizer. Chem Eng J 2015;263: 435-43.##Tan C, Lu X, Cui X, et al. Novel activation of peroxymonosulfate by an easily recyclable VC@ Fe3O4 nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of sulfadiazine. Chem Eng J 2019;363: 318-28.##Yao Y, Yang Z, Sun H, Wang S. Hydrothermal synthesis of Co3O4-graphene for heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate for decomposition of phenol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012;51(46): 14958-65.##Gong C, Chen F, Yang Q, et al. Heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate by Fe-Co layered doubled hydroxide for efficient catalytic degradation of Rhoadmine B. Chem Eng J 2017;321: 222-32.##Deng J, Chen Y-J, Lu Y-A, et al. Synthesis of magnetic CoFe2O4/ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposites and application in Fenton-like oxidation of rhodamine B. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2017;24(16): 14396-408.##Deng J, Shao Y, Gao N, et al. CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as a highly active heterogeneous catalyst of oxone for the degradation of diclofenac in water. J Hazard Mater 2013;262: 836-44.##Ghanbari F, Moradi M. Application of peroxymonosulfate and its activation methods for degradation of environmental organic pollutants: Review. Chem Eng J 2017;310: 41-62.##Al Hakim S, Jaber S, Eddine NZ, et al. Degradation of theophylline in a UV254/PS system: Matrix effect and application to a factory effluent. Chem Eng J 2020; 380:122478.## ##

بررسی ارتباط بین میزان آلودگی هوا با میزان بروز نئوپلاسم ریه و خون در تهران Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution and the Incidence Rate of Lung and Hematologic Neoplasms in Tehran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آلودگی هوا یکی از عمده­ترین معضلات کلانشهرها می­باشد که آثار مخربی بر روی انسان داشته و منجر به بروز بیماری­های مختلف از جمله سرطان­ها می­شود. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ارتباط بین آلودگی هوا و میزان بروز دو نوع نئوپلاسم شایع در تهران انجام شد. مواد و روش­ها: ابتدا اطلاعات ساعتی غلظت آلاینده­های شاخص شامل CO،NO2، O3، SO2،PM10  از سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست و شرکت کنترل کیفیت هوا و داده­های بیماری از دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران اخذ گردید. سپس مطالعات توصیفی بر روی غلظت آلاینده­های شاخص و متغیرهای وابسته انجام گرفت، در نهایت جهت تعیین ارتباط بین تعداد موارد ابتلا به نئوپلاسم ریه و خون با تعداد روزهای ناسالم آلاینده­های شاخص از آزمون استنباطی همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون خطی استفاده گردید. یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین آلاینده­های PM10 و O3 با میزان بروز نئوپلاسم‌ ریه و خون در مردان و زنان رابطه معنا‌داری وجود دارد. ضرایب همبستگی بین تعداد روز­های ناپاک ناشی از آلاینده­هایPM10  و O3 با تعداد موارد بروز بیماری به ترتیب در مردان 904/0، 882/0، 924/0، 931/0 و در زنان 856/0، 949/0 و 976/0 و 86/0 بود. نتیجه­گیری: طبق نتایج به دست آمده ارتباط معناداری بین آلاینده­های PM10 و O3 با بروز نئوپلاسم ریه و خون در مردان و زنان مشاهده گردید. با توجه به میزان بالای آلاینده PM10 و O3 در هوا و پیامدهای بهداشتی ناشی از آنها، بایستی اقدامات پیشگیرانه و کنترلی مناسبی در جهت کاهش آلودگی دو آلاینده مذکور صورت گیرد.   2 Background: Air pollution in large cities is one of the main difficulties that have harmful effects on humans and cause various diseases including cancers. So, present study with aim of determination the relation between air pollution and Incidence rate of two most common cancer in Tehran were performed.  Methods: at first, hourly data of pollutants including of CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 were  taken  from  the  environmental  protection  agency  Tehran  and  Air  Quality  Control  Company and Archived documents of Disease data were acquired from Iran University of Medical Sciences .Then, descriptive studies were performed on criteria air pollutants and dependent variable . Finally, inferential tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to determine the relationship between air pollution and the incidence rate of Lung and Hematologic Neoplasms. Results: Results showed there was significant relationship between PM10/O3 and among men and women. The correlation of coefficients between PM10 and O3 with Number of cases of disease in men  and women were 0.904, 0.882, 0.924, 0.931, 0.856, 0.949, 0.976, 0.860 respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, there were positive relationship between PM10/O3 and incidence rate of Lung and Hematologic Neoplasms among men and women. Due to the high level of ozone and airborne particles and their health consequences, Continuous and further prevention and control measures should be developed to alleviate the situation of the two air pollutants. 257 278 2022/02/172022/01/12021/11/282021/12/252022/02/192022/03/162022/01/42022/01/31 1400/11/11 2022/05/72022/04/192022/01/292022/05/112022/04/232022/04/162022/04/152022/06/7 1401/3/17 علی اصغر نجف پور Ali Asghar Najafpoor استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. ایران احمد جنیدی جعفری Ahmad Jonidi Jafari استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران محمد نوری سپهر Mohammad Noori Sepehr استاد گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز،کرج، ایران. ایران سینا دوستی Sina Dousti کارشناسی‌ارشد مهندسی بهداشت محیط، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران Air pollution Incidence rate Lung Neoplasms Hematologic Neoplasms آلودگی هوا میزان بروز نئوپلاسم ریه نئوپلاسم خون 1. 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