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بررسی عملکرد فرایند فعالسازی پرسولفات توسط کربن فعال مغناطیسی در تجزیه بنزوتریازول در محلول آبی Investigating of the performance of persulfate activation process by magnetic activated carbon in the decomposition of benzotriazole in aqueous solution 1 1 زمینه و هدف: اخیراً تلاش های قابل توجهی برای حذف آلاینده های نوظهور از منابع آبی انجام شده است. در این بین، بنزوتریازول به عنوان یک آلاینده نوظهور به طور گسترده در محیط های آبی شناسایی شده است که دارای اثرات بهداشتی و زیست محیطی مخربی می‎باشد به طوریکه روش های مختلفی به منظور حذف آن ها پیشنهاد شده است. در حال حاضر، استفاده از فرآیندهای اکسیداسیون پیشرفته به عنوان  یک روش کارآمد به منظور تخریب و معدنی سازی این آلاینده ها از محلول های آبی توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده اند. لذا، در این پژوهش عملکرد فرآیند فعالسازی پرسولفات با استفاده از کاتالیست مغناطیسی اکسید آهن-کربن فعال حاصل از پوست نارگیل در حذف بنزوتریازول و همچنین تأثیر پارامتر های مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مواد و روش ها: این پژوهش، مطالعه ای تجربی- آزمایشگاهی است. در این مطالعه تجربی تأثیر متغیر های مختلفی ازجمله pH محلول (2 تا 10)، دوز کاتالیست (1/0 تا 5/0 گرم بر لیتر)، غلظت پرسولفات و غلظت اولیه بنزوتریازول (10 تا 50 میلی گرم بر لیتر) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. غلظت نهایی بنزوتریازول با استفاده از دستگاه اسپتکتروفتومتر اندازه گیری شد. همچنین خصوصیات کاتالیست سنتز شده با استفاده از آنالیز های مختلفی شامل BET، FESEM، XRD، EDX وVSM  مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین کارایی  فرآیند در حذف بنزوتریازول در 6pH= ، دوز کاتالیست 5/0 گرم بر لیتر، غلظت بهینه پرسولفات 3 میلی مولار بود که بیش از 80 درصد بنزوتریازول در غلظت اولیه 10 میلی گرم بر لیتر حذف شد. از طرفی نتایج آنالیز ها نشان داد که کاتالیست مد نظر به درستی سنتز شده است و قابلیت استفاده مجدد در 5 سیکل متوالی را داشت. نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، فرآیند تلفیقی مورد نظر می تواند کارایی قابل توجهی در حذف آلاینده های آلی داشته باشد. 2 Background and Objective: Recently, significant efforts have been performed for the removal of various emerging pollutants (EPs) from water sources. Among these EPs, benzotriazole has been widely identified in aquatic environments, which has harmful health and environmental effects, so it is necessary to apply various methods to remove it. Up to date, the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as an efficient method for the degradation and mineralization of EPs pollutants from aqueous solutions has attracted so much attention. Therefore, in this research, the performance of the persulfate activation process using magnetic nanocatalyst iron oxide-activated carbon prepared from coconut shell for the removal of benzotriazole from aqueous solution, and also the effect of different parameters have been investigated. Materials and Method: This research is an experimental-laboratory study. The effect of various variables such as solution pH (2-10), catalyst dose (0.1-0.5 g/L), persulfate concentration (1-5 mM), and initial concentration of benzotriazole (10-50 mg/L) was investigated. The final concentration of benzotriazole was measured using a spectrometer. Also, the characteristics of the synthesized catalyst were investigated using numerous analyzes such as BET, FESEM, XRD, EDX and VSM, and Results: The results showed that the highest efficiency of the process for the removal of benzotriazole was attained at pH: 6, initial concentration: 10 mg/L, catalyst dosage: 0.5 g/L, persulfate concentration: 3 mM, and more than 80% of benzotriazole was removed. On the other hand, the results of catalyst characterization showed that the catalyst was perfectly synthesized and could be reused in five consecutive cycles. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, this catalyst had a high performance for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution.   417 430 2022/10/10 1401/7/18 2022/12/11 1401/9/20 مهدی عمیدنیا Mehdi Amidnia گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اهواز، ایران ایران amidniamehdi13@gmail.com محبوبه چراغی Mahboubeh Cheraghi گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اهواز، ایران ایران m.cherghi.iau@gmail.com افشین تکدستان Afshin Takdestan مرکز تحقیقات فناوری های محیطی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران afshin_ir@yahoo.com بابک کاکاوندی Babak Kakavandi مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران kakavandibvch@gmail.com رضا جلیل زاده ینگجه Reza Jalilzadeh yengejeh گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اهواز، ایران ایران Jalilzadeh@gmail.com Advanced oxidation Benzotriazole Persulfate Coconut shell Sulfate radical اکسیداسیون پیشرفته بنزوتریازول پرسولفات پوست نارگیل رادیکال سولفات 1.Ghanbari F, Khatebasreh M, Mahdavianpour M, Lin K-YA. Oxidative removal of benzotriazole using peroxymo-nosulfate/ozone/ultrasound: Synergy, optimization, degr-adation intermediates and utilizing for real wastewater. Chemosphere 2020;244: 125326.##Deng J, Li X, Wei X, et al. Sulfamic acid modified hydrochar derived from sawdust for removal of benzotriazole and Cu (II) from aqueous solution: Adsorp-tion behavior and mechanism. Bioresource Technology 2019;290: 121765.##Ma J, Ding Y, Chi L, et al. Degradation of benzotriazole by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process. Environmental technology 2021;42(2): 238-47.##Bahnmüller S, Loi CH, Linge KL, et al. Degradation rates of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles under UV-C irradiation and the advanced oxidation process UV/ H2O2. Water research 2015;74: 143-54.##Xu J, Li L, Guo C, et al. Removal of benzotriazole from solution by BiOBr photocatalysis under simulated solar irradiation. Chemical Engineering Journal 2013;221: 230-7.##Ahmadi M, Rahmani K, Rahmani A, Rahmani H. Removal of benzotriazole by Photo-Fenton like process using nano zero-valent iron: response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 2017;19(1): 104--12.##Wang S, Pei S, Zhang J, et al. Flow-through electrochemical removal of benzotriazole by electroactive ceramic membrane. Water Research 2022;218: 118454.##Roshani B, Leitner NKV. Effect of persulfate on the oxidation of benzotriazole and humic acid by e-beam irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011;190(1-3): 403-8.##Jaafarzadeh N, Kakavandi B, Takdastan A, et al. Powder activated carbon/Fe 3 O 4 hybrid composite as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Fenton oxidation of tetracycline: degradation mechanism and kinetic. RSC Advances 2015;5(103): 84718-28.##Jonidi Jafari A, Kakavandi B, Jaafarzadeh N, et al. Fenton-like catalytic oxidation of tetracycline by AC@Fe3O4 as a heterogeneous persulfate activator: Adsorption and degradation studies. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2017;45: 323-33.##Jorfi S, Kakavandi B, Motlagh HR, et al. A novel combination of oxidative degradation for benzotriazole removal using TiO2 loaded on FeIIFe2IIIO4@ C as an efficient activator of peroxymonosulfate. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2017;219: 216-30.##Oh W-D, Lua S-K, Dong Z, Lim T-T. A novel three-dimensional spherical CuBi 2 O 4 consisting of nano-column arrays with persulfate and peroxymonosulfate activation functionalities for 1 H-benzotriazole removal. Nanoscale 2015;7(17): 8149-58.##Hasanbeiki A, Hasanbeiki O. Evaluation The Performa-nce of 4-Chlorophenol Removal from Contaminated Waters Using a Monopolar Electrochemical Cell. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences 2015;1(1): 37-48.##Oturan MA, Sirés I, Oturan N, et al. Sonoelectro-Fenton process: a novel hybrid technique for the destruction of organic pollutants in water. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2008;624(1-2): 329-32.##Giannakis S, Lin K-YA, Ghanbari F. A review of the recent advances on the treatment of industrial wastew-aters by Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Processes (SR-AOPs). Chemical Engineering Journal 2021;406: 127083.##Yao C, Zhang Y, Du M, et al. Insights into the mechanism of non-radical activation of persulfate via activated carbon for the degradation of p-chloroaniline. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019;362: 262-8.##Aljeboree AM, Alshirifi AN, Alkaim AF. Kinetics and equilibrium study for the adsorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon. Arabian journal of chemistry 2017;10: S3381-S93.##Kakavandi B, Esrafili A, Mohseni-Bandpi A, et al. Magnetic Fe3O4@ C nanoparticles as adsorbents for removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solution. Water science and technology 2014;69(1): 147-55.##Rahmani A, Asgari G, Leili M, Aazami Gilan R. Degradation of methylene blue dye using fenton/ pho-tofenton-peracetic acid (UV/Fe3+-CH3COOH− H2O2) processes from aqueous solutions. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2017;27 (153:95-111).##V. Chandra JP, Y. Chun, J.W. Lee, I.C. Hwang, K.S. Kim. Water-dispersible magnetite-reduced graphene oxide composites for arsenic removal. Acs Nano 2010;4.##Z. Li ZC, J. Fang, C. Shang. Bromate formation in bromide-containing water by the cobalt-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate: Roles of sulfate radicals and Co(III). Acs National Meeting & Exposition 2014.##Liu Y, Guo W, Guo H, et al. Cu (II)-doped V2O5 mediated persulfate activation for heterogeneous catalytic degradation of benzotriazole in aqueous solution. Separ-ation and Purification Technology 2020;230: 115848.##Ma Q, Zhang X, Guo R, et al. Persulfate activation by magnetic γ-Fe2O3/Mn3O4 nanocomposites for degrad-ation of organic pollutants. Separation and Purification Technology 2019;210: 335-42.##Oh W-D, Lua S-K, Dong Z, Lim T-T. Performance of magnetic activated carbon composite as peroxymonos-ulfate activator and regenerable adsorbent via sulfate radical-mediated oxidation processes. Journal of hazard-ous materials 2015;284: 1-9.##Li X, Liu Z, Zhu Y, et al. Facile synthesis and synergistic mechanism of CoFe2O4@ three-dimensional graphene aerogels towards peroxymonosulfate activation for highly efficient degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants. Science of The Total Environment 2020;749: 141466.##Li X, Jia Y, Zhou M, et al. High-efficiency degradation of organic pollutants with Fe, N co-doped biochar catalysts via persulfate activation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020;397: 122764.##Guan K, Zhou P, Zhang J, Zhu L. Catalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 in water by persulfate activated with CuFe2O4@ RSDBC. Materials Research Express 2020;7(1): 016529.##Li X, Zhang D, Liu Z, et al. Enhanced catalytic oxidation of benzotriazole via peroxymonosulfate activated by CoFe2O4 supported onto nitrogen-doped three-dimensi-onal graphene aerogels. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020;400: 125897.##1.Ghanbari F, Khatebasreh M, Mahdavianpour M, Lin K-YA. Oxidative removal of benzotriazole using peroxymo-nosulfate/ozone/ultrasound: Synergy, optimization, degr-adation intermediates and utilizing for real wastewater. Chemosphere 2020;244: 125326.##Deng J, Li X, Wei X, et al. Sulfamic acid modified hydrochar derived from sawdust for removal of benzotriazole and Cu (II) from aqueous solution: Adsorp-tion behavior and mechanism. Bioresource Technology 2019;290: 121765.##Ma J, Ding Y, Chi L, et al. Degradation of benzotriazole by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process. Environmental technology 2021;42(2): 238-47.##Bahnmüller S, Loi CH, Linge KL, et al. Degradation rates of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles under UV-C irradiation and the advanced oxidation process UV/ H2O2. Water research 2015;74: 143-54.##Xu J, Li L, Guo C, et al. Removal of benzotriazole from solution by BiOBr photocatalysis under simulated solar irradiation. Chemical Engineering Journal 2013;221: 230-7.##Ahmadi M, Rahmani K, Rahmani A, Rahmani H. Removal of benzotriazole by Photo-Fenton like process using nano zero-valent iron: response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 2017;19(1): 104--12.##Wang S, Pei S, Zhang J, et al. Flow-through electrochemical removal of benzotriazole by electroactive ceramic membrane. Water Research 2022;218: 118454.##Roshani B, Leitner NKV. Effect of persulfate on the oxidation of benzotriazole and humic acid by e-beam irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011;190(1-3): 403-8.##Jaafarzadeh N, Kakavandi B, Takdastan A, et al. Powder activated carbon/Fe 3 O 4 hybrid composite as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Fenton oxidation of tetracycline: degradation mechanism and kinetic. RSC Advances 2015;5(103): 84718-28.##Jonidi Jafari A, Kakavandi B, Jaafarzadeh N, et al. Fenton-like catalytic oxidation of tetracycline by AC@Fe3O4 as a heterogeneous persulfate activator: Adsorption and degradation studies. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2017;45: 323-33.##Jorfi S, Kakavandi B, Motlagh HR, et al. A novel combination of oxidative degradation for benzotriazole removal using TiO2 loaded on FeIIFe2IIIO4@ C as an efficient activator of peroxymonosulfate. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2017;219: 216-30.##Oh W-D, Lua S-K, Dong Z, Lim T-T. A novel three-dimensional spherical CuBi 2 O 4 consisting of nano-column arrays with persulfate and peroxymonosulfate activation functionalities for 1 H-benzotriazole removal. Nanoscale 2015;7(17): 8149-58.##Hasanbeiki A, Hasanbeiki O. Evaluation The Performa-nce of 4-Chlorophenol Removal from Contaminated Waters Using a Monopolar Electrochemical Cell. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences 2015;1(1): 37-48.##Oturan MA, Sirés I, Oturan N, et al. Sonoelectro-Fenton process: a novel hybrid technique for the destruction of organic pollutants in water. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2008;624(1-2): 329-32.##Giannakis S, Lin K-YA, Ghanbari F. A review of the recent advances on the treatment of industrial wastew-aters by Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Processes (SR-AOPs). Chemical Engineering Journal 2021;406: 127083.##Yao C, Zhang Y, Du M, et al. Insights into the mechanism of non-radical activation of persulfate via activated carbon for the degradation of p-chloroaniline. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019;362: 262-8.##Aljeboree AM, Alshirifi AN, Alkaim AF. Kinetics and equilibrium study for the adsorption of textile dyes on coconut shell activated carbon. Arabian journal of chemistry 2017;10: S3381-S93.##Kakavandi B, Esrafili A, Mohseni-Bandpi A, et al. Magnetic Fe3O4@ C nanoparticles as adsorbents for removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solution. Water science and technology 2014;69(1): 147-55.##Rahmani A, Asgari G, Leili M, Aazami Gilan R. Degradation of methylene blue dye using fenton/ pho-tofenton-peracetic acid (UV/Fe3+-CH3COOH− H2O2) processes from aqueous solutions. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2017;27 (153:95-111).##V. Chandra JP, Y. Chun, J.W. Lee, I.C. Hwang, K.S. Kim. Water-dispersible magnetite-reduced graphene oxide composites for arsenic removal. Acs Nano 2010;4.##Z. Li ZC, J. Fang, C. Shang. Bromate formation in bromide-containing water by the cobalt-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate: Roles of sulfate radicals and Co(III). Acs National Meeting & Exposition 2014.##Liu Y, Guo W, Guo H, et al. Cu (II)-doped V2O5 mediated persulfate activation for heterogeneous catalytic degradation of benzotriazole in aqueous solution. Separ-ation and Purification Technology 2020;230: 115848.##Ma Q, Zhang X, Guo R, et al. Persulfate activation by magnetic γ-Fe2O3/Mn3O4 nanocomposites for degrad-ation of organic pollutants. Separation and Purification Technology 2019;210: 335-42.##Oh W-D, Lua S-K, Dong Z, Lim T-T. Performance of magnetic activated carbon composite as peroxymonos-ulfate activator and regenerable adsorbent via sulfate radical-mediated oxidation processes. Journal of hazard-ous materials 2015;284: 1-9.##Li X, Liu Z, Zhu Y, et al. Facile synthesis and synergistic mechanism of CoFe2O4@ three-dimensional graphene aerogels towards peroxymonosulfate activation for highly efficient degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants. Science of The Total Environment 2020;749: 141466.##Li X, Jia Y, Zhou M, et al. High-efficiency degradation of organic pollutants with Fe, N co-doped biochar catalysts via persulfate activation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020;397: 122764.##Guan K, Zhou P, Zhang J, Zhu L. Catalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 in water by persulfate activated with CuFe2O4@ RSDBC. Materials Research Express 2020;7(1): 016529.##Li X, Zhang D, Liu Z, et al. Enhanced catalytic oxidation of benzotriazole via peroxymonosulfate activated by CoFe2O4 supported onto nitrogen-doped three-dimensi-onal graphene aerogels. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020;400: 125897.## ##

مقایسه فرآیند تصمیمگیری چندمعیاره و تکنیک تاپسیس در مکانیابی محل دفن پسماند جامد شهرستان سنقر Comparison of AHP and TOPSIS methods in municipal solid waste landfill site selection of Songhor County 1 1 زمینه و هدف: انتخاب محل مناسب دفن یک مساله مهم و ضروری در مدیریت زباله و به­خصوص در مناطق در حال توسعه است. با توجه به این­که دفن در لندفیل یک راه حل رایج برای دفع نهایی زباله­های شهری در ایران است، لذا، این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه فرآیند تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره (AHP) و تکنیک تاپسیس (Topsis) برای مکان­یابی مناسب­ترین محل دفن پسماند جامد در شهرستان سنقر انجام یافت. مواد و روش ها: مکان­یابی محل مناسب­ دفن زباله با استفاده از نسخه 10.2 نرم­افزار ArcGIS انجام یافت. بدین منظور لایه­های اطلاعاتی شیب، زمین­شناسی، هیدرولوژی، گسل، آبراهه­ها، فاصله از راه­های مواصلاتی (جاده­ها و راه آهن)، مناطق حفاظت‌شده، مناطق جمعیتی، منابع آب‌ زیرزمینی و مراکز شهری و کاربری اراضی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت و وزن‌دهی به هر کدام از معیارها و زیرمعیارها توسط فرآیند AHP و تلفیق نقشه‌های حاصل از GIS و تکنیک TOPSIS انجام یافت یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که %2/4 و %33 از وسعت منطقه مورد مطالعه به­ترتیب از ویژگی­های بسیار مناسب (مناطق 4، 5 و 6) و مناسب (منطقه 1 و تا حدودی مناطق 2 و 3) برای دفن زباله‌های شهری برخوردار بوده است. از طرفی، %8/17 و %45 وسعت منطقه مورد مطالعه نیز به­ترتیب برای دفن زباله‌های شهری نامناسب (قابلیت بسیار ضعیف) و غیر قابل کاربرد بودند. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به ویژگی­های فرآیند AHP از جمله سهولت نسبی بررسی معیارهای چندگانه، سهولت درک و بررسی موثر معیارهای کمی و کیفی در مکان­یابی محل دفن، می­توان از این فرآیند به­عنوان روشی کارآمد برای اولویت­بندی انتخاب محل­های جایگزین دفن زباله استفاده کرد.   2 Background and Objective: : Site selection is an important and necessary issue in waste management especially in fast-growing regions. Due to the landfill is a common solution for the final disposal of municipal solid waste in Iran, this study was carried out for MSW landfill site selection of Songhor Township by combining the geographic information systems (GIS), the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Materials and Methods: In the current research, ArcGIS 10.2 software and its extensions were used as the GIS tool since there is able to perform suitability analysis using multi-criteria evaluation. Also, to identify appropriate landfill areas in the Songhor Township, eleven criteria including slope, geology, hydrology, fault, drainages, distance from transportation routes and rails, distance from protected areas, land use, population areas, distance from groundwater resources and distance from urban areas were evaluated. Then a final map was generated which identified the suitability regions for MSW landfill sites establishment. Results: Based on the results obtained, 4.2% of the study area was most suitable, 33% was suitable, 17.8% was poorly suitable, and 45% was unsuitable for sanitary disposal of solid wastes of Songhor Township. Conclusion: Since the AHP has relative ease of handling multiple criteria, and on the other hand, has potential to easy understand and effective handling of both qualitative and quantitative parameters, therefore, use of AHP is suggested as an efficient method to prioritization of suitable areas for landfill site selection. In other words, the AHP is a powerful tool for solving complicated problems that may have interactions and correlations among multiple objectives.   431 441 2022/10/102022/12/9 1401/9/18 2022/12/112023/01/14 1401/10/24 مریم احمدی Maryam Ahmadi دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhan Ardakani استاد علوم محیط‌زیست، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir Site selection Municipal solid waste GIS AHP TOPSIS مکانیابی پسماند جامد شهری سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی تحلیل سلسله مراتبی تاپسیس Jalilian S, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Landfill site suitability analysis for solid waste disposal using SWARA and MULTIMOORA methods, a case study in Kermanshah, West of Iran. Arab J Geosci 2022; 15: 1175.##Mahtabi Oghani M, Najafi A, Yunesi H. Comparison of TOPSIS and AHP in site selection of municipal solid wastes landfill (Case study: Karaj landfill site selection). Iran J Health Environ 2013; 6(3): 341-52 (In Persian).##Malekzadeh Gh. Technology assessment in selected industrial branches of Khorasan using TOPSIS method. J Knowl Develop 2008; 15(22): 149-67 (In Persian).##Kianfard F, Lashkaripour GR, Hafezi Moghadas N. Site selection for municipal solid waste landfills using GIS and AHP (Case Study Ramhormoz). 7th National Geological Conference of Payame Noor University. 2013; 7 p (In Persian).##Sharifzadegan MH, Fathi H. Environmental vulnerability strategies policies related to development projects in Alborz environmental areas. Environ Sci 2006; 3(10): 1-20 (In Persian).##Izadi M, Abolhasani F, Nastaran M. Application of TOPSIS method in analysis and prioritizing sustainable development of urban zones (case study: urban zones of Isfahan). J Geogr Environ Plan 2010; 21(2): 83-100 (In Persian).##AbdolkhaniNezhad T, Monavari SM, Khorasani N, et al. Comparative analytical study of the results of environmental risk assessment of urban landfills approach: bowtie, network analysis techniques (ANP), TOPSIS (case study: Gilan Province). Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194(12): 854.##Sener S, Sener E, Nas B, et al. Combining AHP with GIS for landfill site selection: A case study in the Lake Beysehir catchment area (Konya, Turkey). Waste Manage 2010; 30(11): 2037-46.##Gemitzi A, Tsihirintzis VA, Voudrias E, et al. Combining geographic information systems, multicriteria evaluation techniques and fuzzy logic in siting MSW landfills. Environ Geol 2007; 51: 797-811.##Ount S, Soner S. Transshipment site selection using the AHP and TOPSIS approaches under fuzzy environment. Waste Manage 2008; 28(9): 1552-9.##Nas B, Cay T, Iscan F, et al. Selection of MSW landfill site for Konya, Turkey using GIS and multi-criteria evaluation. 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بررسی آلودگی هوای کلانشهر اصفهان در سال 1400 بر اساس شاخص AQI Investigating air pollution in metropolitan Isfahan metropolitan in 2021-2022 based on AQI index 1 1 زمینه و هدف: یکی از چالش­های جدی که در سال­های اخیر بخصوص شهر­های بزرگ جهان با آن رو به رو هستند، آلودگی هوا می­باشد. اصفهان نیز به عنوان یکی از کلانشهر­های ایران از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. این مسأله برای اصفهان به عنوان یک شهر پر جمعیت و صنعتی به صورت یک چالش بحرانی در آمده است. مواد و روش ها: در تحقیق حاضر، به تحلیل و بررسی آمار و اطلاعات دریافتی از 17 ایستگاه سنجش پایش کیفیت هوا در سطح اصفهان پرداخته شده است. ایستگاه­ها شامل احمدآباد، پروین، رودکی، استانداری، خرازی، رهنان، کاوه، فیض، میرزاطاهر، جی، ورزشگاه میثاق، فرشادی، باهنر، انقلاب، شاهین­شهر، مبارکه و سگزی می­باشند. تمامی تحلیل­های آماری انجام شده در این تحقیق مربوط به بررسی شاخص کیفت هوا AQI بوده و با استفاده از نرم­افزار Excel انجام شده است. یافته ها: نتایج حاکی از آن است­که از 17 ایستگاه مورد بررسی، ایستگاه احمدآباد در طول بازه زمانی یکساله (از 1 فروردین 1400 تا 29 اسفند 1400) هیچ روز پاک و خوبی را نداشته و نسبت به سایر ایستگاه­ها بیشترین تعداد روز با وضعیت غیربهداشتی در آن ثبت شده است. همچنین در فصل پاییز نسبت به سایر ایستگاه­ها بالاترین میزان AQI را داشته است. بنابراین ایستگاه احمدآباد آلوده­ترین ناحیه از لحاظ کیفیت هوا می­باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در دو ایستگاه مبارکه و شاهین­شهر بیشترین تعداد روز خوب و پاک ثبت شده و این دو ایستگاه کمترین میزان AQI ثبت شده در طول سال 1400 را داشته­اند. نتیجه گیری: بررسی­ها نشان می­دهد که مناطقی مانند سگزی و مبارکه که نواحی نسبتاً صنعتی می­باشند، آلودگی کمتری نسبت به منطقه احمدآباد که ناحیه­ای مسکونی اما پر تردد می­باشد را دارا هستند. لذا می­توان نتیجه گرفت که تأثیر آلودگی ناشی از خودروها در سال 1400 بیشتر از آلودگی ایجاد شده توسط صنایع بوده است. 2   Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the serious challenges that have been faced in recent years, especially in major cities around the world. Isfahan, as one of the metropolises of Iran, is no exception to this rule. This issue has become critical for Isfahan as a densely populated and industrial city. Materials and Methods: In this research, the data recorded at 17 air quality monitoring stations in Isfahan have been analyzed. The stations included Ahmadabad, Parvin, Rudaki, Ostandari, Kharazi, Rehnan, Kaveh, Feiz, Mirzataher, Jey, Misaq Stadium, Farshadi, Bahonar, Enghelab, Shahinshahr, Mobarakeh and Segzai. All the statistical analyzes in this research were related to the AQI air quality index and were performed using Excel software. Results: The results showed that among the 17 studied stations, Ahmadabad station did not have any clean and good days during the studied period (From April 21, 2021 to March 20, 2022) and compared to other stations, the highest number of days with the condition Unsanitary is recorded at this station. It also had the highest AQI in the fall compared to other stations. Therefore, Ahmadabad station is the most polluted area in terms of air quality. The results also showed that the highest number of good and clean days was recorded in Mobarakeh and Shahinshahr stations. These two stations had the lowest amount of AQI during the study period. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that areas such as Segzi and Mobarakeh, which are relatively industrial areas, have less pollution than the Ahmadabad area, which is a residential but with high traffic. Therefore, it can be concluded that the impact of pollution caused by cars in 2021-2022 was more than the pollution caused by industries.   442 456 2022/10/102022/12/92022/09/15 1401/6/24 2022/12/112023/01/142022/11/15 1401/8/24 سیدعلی شاهرضائی Sayyed Ali Shahrezaie دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران ایران sayyed.ali.shahrezaie@gmail.com رسول میرعباسی نجف آبادی Rasoul Mirabbasi Najaf Abadi دانشیار، مهندسی منابع آب، دانشکده کشاوری، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران ایران mirabbasi@sku.ac.ir نفیسه سادات شاهرضائی Nafiseh Sadat Shahrezaie دانشجوی کارشناسی، مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه ملایر، ایران ایران Nafiseshahrezaie@gmail.com مریم خسروی Maryam Khosravi دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد، علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران ایران maryamkhosravi76@yahoo.com Air pollution Air quality index Isfahan metropolitan Air quality AQI آلودگی هوا شاخص کیفیت هوا کلانشهر اصفهان کیفیت هوا AQI 1.Golbaz S, Farzadkia M and Kermani M. 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Air Quality Index: A Guide to Air Quality and Your Health, EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Research Triangle Park, NC; 2009.##1.Golbaz S, Farzadkia M and Kermani M. Determination of Tehran air quality with emphasis on air quality index (AQI); 2008-2009. Iran Occupational Health. 2010; 6(4): 59-65. (in Persian).##Mahboobfar M, Ramesht M, Yazdanpanah H and Azani M. Investigating the process of changes in the Air Quality Index in order to manage the air pollution crisis in the City of Isfahan. Urban Management. 2018; 17(50): 323-336. (in Persian).##Guttikunda SK, Nishadh KA and Jawahar P. Air Pollution Knowledge Assessments (APnA) For 20 Indian cities. Urban Climate. 2019; 27: 124-141.##Central Pollution Control Board. National Air Quality Index (CUPS/82/2014-15). Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change. 2014. 58pp.##Dehghani R, Takhtfiroozeh S.M, Hosseindoost GH, Mossayebi M. and Arabfard M. Investigation the Air Quality City of Kashan during 2012 Based on the Air Quality Index. Armaghane-danesh, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2014; 19(4): 314-325. (in Persian).##Azizifar M, Naddafi K, Mohammadian M, Safdari M and Khazaei M. Air Pollution Quality Index (AQI) and Density of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 in the Air of Qom. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2011; 5(2): 59-63. (in Persian).##Malekizad F, Mirzahosseini A and Moattar F. Air Quality Assessment around Mehrabad Airport. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2019; 21(5): 95-107. (in Persian).##Naddafi K, Heidari M, Hassanvand M, Fazlzadeh M and Ghaderpour M. Comparative study of air quality in Tehran in 2006 and 2007. 11th National Conference on Environmental Health. Zahedan. Iran. Autumn; 2008. (in Persian).##Heidari M, Heidarinejad Z, Alipour W, Dindarloo K, Rahmanian A, Goodarzi B, et al. Evaluation of Air Quality based on Air Quality Index in Kerman City, 2015. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2017; 3(3): 208-218. (in Persian).##Tulabi A, Zare MR, Zare M, Mahvi A, Shahriari A, Sarkhosh M et al. Assessment of air quality index in proximity of Bandar Abbas oil refinery. Medical Journal of Hormozgan University. 2011; 16(2): 123-133. (in Persian).##Kermani M, Naddafi K, Shariat M and Mesbah AS. TSP and PM10 Measurement and Description of Air Quality Index (AQI) in the Ambient Air in Shariati Hospital District. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2004; 2(1): 37-46. (in Persian).##Sobhan Ardakani, S., Ismaili Sari, A., Cheraghi, M., Taybi, L. and Qasempour, M. Determining the air quality of Tehran in 2004 using the air quality index. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2007; 8(4): 33-38. (in Persian).##Lily M, Naddafi K, Nabizadeh R, Younesian M, Mesdaghi-Nia AR and Nazmara Sh. Particulate matter concentration and air quality index (AQI) in the central area of Tehran. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2009; 7(1): 57-67. (in Persian).##Rastegari M, Musazadeh Namini A and Akbari Z. Study of air quality in Tehran metropolis using air quality index in the years 2002 to 2019. Sixth Annual National Congress of New Findings in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Environment and Tourism. Tehran. Summer; 2021 (in Persian).##Arjmand Kermani, H., Mir Hosseini, SA and Ghanian, M.T. Determining the air quality of District 9 of Karaj Municipality in terms of 10 micron suspended particles using air quality index. 2nd International Congress of Earth Sciences and Urban Development. Tabriz: Spring; 2016. (in Persian).##Assad M, Mozaffari GA and Omidvar K. Evaluation of air quality in Isfahan using air quality index. Third International Conference on Geographical Sciences. Shiraz: Autumn; 2016. (in Persian).##Mokhtari M, Miri M, Mohammadi A, Khorsandi H, Hajizadeh Y and Abdollahnejad A. Assessment of Air Quality Index and Health Impact of PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 in Yazd, Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 25(131): 14-23. (in Persian).##Ghiasuddin, M., Hesami, Z., Atabi, F and Mahmoudi, M. Investigation of indoor air quality in residential areas 1 and 5 of Tehran in terms of airborne particles (PM10). Journal of Environmental Studies. 2007; 32(40): 1-8. (in Persian).##Panahi A. Investigating the Relationship between AQI Pollutants and Meteorological Parameters in Severe Inversions of Tabriz, Iran. Geographical space. 2018; 18(62): 63-76. (in Persian).##Mohammadian Y, Gorgani Firoozjani M and Javadi Kahriz i. The evaluation of Tabriz mega-city air quality according to air quality index (AQI), in 2011. Human and Environment. 2021; 18(4): 95-107. (in Persian).##Srinivas J and Purushotham AV. Determination of air quality index status in industrial areas of Visakhapatnam, India. Research Journal of Engineering Sciences. 2013; 2(6): 13-24.##Khorasani N, Cheraghi M, Nadafi K, and Karami M. Survey and Comparison of Tehran and Isfahan Air Quality in 1378 and Representation of Improvement Methods. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources. 2003; 55(4): 559-568. (in Persian).##Seiday SE, Hedayati Moghadam Z, Fathi E, Jamshidi M. and Jamshidi A. Stratification and analysis of housing indicators of rural areas of Isfahan province using factor and cluster analyses. Urban Regional Studies and Research. 2012; 4(15): 37-52. (in Persian).##Rezaiee Adaryani S. and Ahmadi H. Analysis and Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Indicators of Housing in Isfahan Province. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Based Territorial Planning. 2020; 13(49): 23-44. (in Persian).##Bishoi B, Prakash A and Jain VK. Comparative study of air quality index based on factor analysis and US-EPA methods for an urban environment. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2009; 9(1): 1-17.##Shah DP and Patel P. A comparison between national air quality index, India and composite air quality index for Ahmedabad, India. Environmental Challenges. 2021; 5: 1-25.##U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Air Quality Index: A Guide to Air Quality and Your Health, EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Research Triangle Park, NC; 2009.## ##

بررسی اثر حضور همزمان یون برماید در حذف رنگ از فاضلاب نساجی توسط فرایند UV/Cl Investigating the effect of the simultaneous presence of bromide ions in the removal of dye from textile wastewater by the UV/Cl process 1 1 زمینه و هدف: فرآیندهای UV و کلرزنی به طور گسترده ای برای گندزدایی فاضلاب و آب استفاده می شوند. در سال های اخیر، از آنها به صورت تلفیقی تحت عنوان روش اکسیداسیون پیشرفته ( (AOP معروف به فرایند UV/chlorine استفاده شده است. در فرایند UV/Cl، رادیکال های Cl•، Cl2•− و HO• در طی فرایند تولید می شوند و قادر به حذف آلاینده های سخت تجزیه پذیر می­باشند. در این مطالعه اثر حضور همزمان  برماید در کاربرد فرایند  UV/Cl، جهت حذف رنگ از فاضلاب نساجی و فاضلاب سنتتیک حاوی Direct Red 83:1(DR83:1) مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار می گیرد. مواد و روش ها: فاضلاب بکار رفته در این مطالعه از یکی از واحدهای نساجی استان اصفهان تهیه گردیده است. پارامتر های عملیاتی موثر بر فرایند از جمله دوز کلرین (2/0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2 میلی مول)، دوز برماید (25/0، 1، 25/1 و 5/1 میلی مول) و pH های مختلف اولیه فاضلاب کارخانه نساجی (3، 5، 7، 3/8 و 11) جهت تعیین مقادیر بهینه فرایند به منظور حذف رنگ مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. همچنین اثر حضور برماید در فرایند UV/Cl در تخریب DR83:1 از فاضلاب سنتتیک در pH های مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گفته است (3، 5، 7، 9 و 11). یافته ها: بر اساس آزمایشات، نتایج نشان داد در هر 2 فاضلاب، فرایند UV/Cl/Br عملکرد بهتری در حذف رنگ نسبت به فرایند UV/Cl ایفا می­کند. مطلوب ترین عملکرد فرایند UV/Cl/Br جهت تخریب رنگ از فاضلاب نساجی در شرایط دوز برماید برابر با 25/1 میلی مول، دوز کلرین برابر با 5/1 میلی مول و pH واقعی اولیه فاضلاب برابر با 3/8 (راندمان حذف رنگ برابر با 04/92 %) حاصل می­شود. بهینه عملکرد فرایند UV/Cl/Br در تخریب  DR83:1از فاضلاب سنتتیک در شرایط دوز برماید برابر 5 میلی مول، دوز کلرین برابر با 1/0 میلی مول و pH برابر 3 حاصل شد. پارامتر pH در هر 2 فاضلاب مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد مطلوب فرایند UV/Cl/Br جهت حذف رنگ از فاضلاب نساجی در pH های قلیایی رخ میدهد درحالیکه عملکرد فرایند UV/Cl جهت حذف  DR83:1از فاضلاب سنتتیک در pH های اسیدی مطلوب تر می­باشد. اثر دوزهای مختلف پارامتر های کلیدی مشخص کرد که با افزایش بیش از حد دوز برماید و کلرین، عملکرد سیستم در راندمان حذف رنگ بهبود نمی­یابد. نتیجه گیری: فرایند اکسیداسیون پیشرفته UV/Cl دارای پتانسیل بالای حذف رنگ از فاضلاب می­باشد و حضور یون برماید سبب افزایش کارایی این سیستم می­گردد که به عنوان یک سیستم پایدار و توانمند میتواند در تصفیه رنگ از فاضلاب های صنایع نساجی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 2 Background and Objective: UV and chlorination processes are widely used for wastewater and water disinfection. In recent years, they have been used integrative under the name of Advance oxidation process (AOP) method known as UV/chlorine process. In the UV/Cl process, Cl•, Cl2•−, and HO• radicals are produced during the process and are able to remove hard degradable pollutants. In this study, the effect of the simultaneous presence of bromide in the application of UV/Cl process to dye removal from textile wastewater and synthetic wastewater containing Direct Red 83:1 (DR83:1) is studied and investigated. Materials and Methods: The wastewater used in this study was prepared from one of the textile units of Isfahan province. Operating parameters affecting the process including chlorine dose (0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mmol), bromide dose (0.25, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 mmol) and Different initial pH values of textile industry wastewater (3, 5, 7, 8.3, and 11) were investigated to determine the optimal values of the process for dye removal. Also, the effect of the presence of bromide in the UV/Cl process in the degradation of DR83:1 from synthetic wastewater at different pH has been investigated (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11). Results: Based on the experiments, the results showed that in both wastewaters, the UV/Cl/Br process performs better in dye removal than the UV/Cl process. The most favorable performance of the UV/Cl/Br process for dye degradation from textile wastewater was achieved under the conditions of bromide dose equal to 1.25 mmol, chlorine dose equal to 1.5 mmol and the actual initial pH of the wastewater equal to 8.3 (dye removal efficiency equal to 92.04 %). The optimal performance of the UV/Cl/Br process in the degradation of DR83:1 from synthetic wastewater was obtained under the conditions of bromide dose of 5 mmol, chlorine dose of 0.1 mmol and pH of 3. The pH parameter was investigated in both wastewaters and the results showed that the optimal performance of the UV/Cl/Br process to remove dye from textile wastewater occurs in alkaline pHs, while the performance of the UV/Cl process to remove DR83:1 from synthetic wastewater in Acidic pHs is more favorable. The effect of different dosages of key parameters revealed that by increasing the dosage of bromine and chlorine, the performance of the system in dye removal efficiency does not improve. Conclusion: The UV/Cl advanced oxidation process has a high potential to remove dye from wastewater, and the presence of bromide ion increases the efficiency of this system, which can be used as a stable and capable system in dye treatment from textile industry wastewater 457 469 2022/10/102022/12/92022/09/152022/07/19 1401/4/28 2022/12/112023/01/142022/11/152022/08/3 1401/5/12 سبحان قنبری Sobhan Ghanbari کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران-دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران ایران sobhan.gh.sgg@gmail.com علی فاتحی زاده Ali Fatehizadeh مرکز تحقیقات محیط زیست، پژوهشکده پیشگیری اولیه از بیماریهای غیرواگیر ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان ، اصفهان ، ایران-دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران ایران fatehizadeh@gmail.com فروزان همامی ّّForouzan Hemami دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات محیط زیست، پژوهشکده پیشگیری اولیه از بیماریهای غیرواگیر ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان ، اصفهان ، ایران ایران forouzan.hemami20@gmail.com انسیه طاهری Ensiyeh Taheri دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات محیط زیست، پژوهشکده پیشگیری اولیه از بیماریهای غیرواگیر ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان ، اصفهان ، ایران ایران e_taheri_83@yahoo.com Ultraviolet radiation chlorine bromide textile wastewater Direct Red 83:1 ماوراء بنفش کلرین برماید فاضلاب نساجی Direct Red 83:1 1.Benkaddour S, Slimani R, Hiyane H, et al. Removal of reactive yellow 145 by adsorption onto treated watermelon seeds: Kinetic and isotherm studies. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 2018;10(August): 16-21.##Kishor R, Purchase D, Saratale GD, et al. Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021;9(2): 105012.##Katsumata H, Koike S, Kaneco S, et al. Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010;22(9): 1455-61.##Iqbal A, Ali N, Shang ZH, et al. Decolorization and toxicity evaluation of simulated textile effluent via natural microbial consortia in attached growth reactors. Environmental Technology and Innovation 2022;26: 102284-.##Garg N, Garg A, Mukherji S. Eco-friendly decolorization and degradation of reactive yellow 145 textile dye by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Thiosphaera pantotropha. Journal of Environmental Management 2020;263: 110383.##Xie XH, Zheng XL, Yu CZ, et al. High-efficient biodegradation of refractory dye by a new bacterial flora DDMY1 under different conditions. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2020;17(3): 1491-502.##Patil NN, Shukla SR. Degradation of Reactive Yellow 145 dye by persulfate using microwave and conventional heating. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2015;7: 314-27.##Lade H, Kadam A, Paul D, Govindwar S. Biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dyes by bacterial consortium under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes. EXCLI journal 2015;14: 158.##Katsumata H, Koike S, Kaneco S, et al. Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light. J Environ Sci (China) 2010;22(9): 1455-61.##Pellicer JA, Rodríguez-López MI, Fortea MI, et al. Removing of Direct Red 83:1 using α- and HP-α-CDs polymerized with epichlorohydrin: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. Dyes and Pigments 2018;149: 736-46.##Khatri A, Peerzada MH, Mohsin M, White M. A review on developments in dyeing cotton fabrics with reactive dyes for reducing effluent pollution. Journal of Cleaner Production 2015;87: 50-7.##Banat IM, Nigam P, Singh D, Marchant R. Microbial decolorization of textile-dyecontaining effluents: a review. Bioresource technology 1996;58(3): 217-27.##Gupta VK, Ali I, Saleh TA, et al. Chemical treatment technologies for waste-water recycling-an overview. RSC Advances 2012;2(16): 6380-8.##Al-Kdasi A, Idris A, Saed K, Guan CT. Treatment of textile wastewater by advanced oxidation processes-a review. Global nest: the Int J 2004;6(3): 222-30.##Ruan X, Xiang Y, Shang C, et al. Molecular characterization of transformation and halogenation of natural organic matter during the UV/chlorine AOP using FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 2021;102: 24-36.##Wang D, Bolton JR, Andrews SA, Hofmann R. Formation of disinfection by-products in the ultraviolet/chlorine advanced oxidation process. Sci Total Environ 2015;518-519: 49-57.##Sun P, Lee W-N, Zhang R, Huang C-H. Degradation of DEET and Caffeine under UV/Chlorine and Simulated Sunlight/Chlorine Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 2016;50(24): 13265-73.##Wang WL, Wu QY, Huang N, et al. Synergistic effect between UV and chlorine (UV/chlorine) on the degradation of carbamazepine: Influence factors and radical species. Water Res 2016;98: 190-8.##19Li GQ, Wang WL, Huo ZY, et al. Comparison of UV-LED and low pressure UV for water disinfection: Photoreactivation and dark repair of Escherichia coli. Water Res 2017;126: 134-43.##Nikravesh B, Shomalnasab A, Nayyer A, et al. UV/Chlorine process for dye degradation in aqueous solution: Mechanism, affecting factors and toxicity evaluation for textile wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2020;8(5): 104244.##Gao Y-q, Gao N-y, Chen J-x, et al. Oxidation of β-blocker atenolol by a combination of UV light and chlorine: Kinetics, degradation pathways and toxicity assessment. Separation and Purification Technology 2020;231: 115927.##Hua Z, Li D, Wu Z, et al. DBP formation and toxicity alteration during UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater and the effects of ammonia and bromide. Water Research 2021;188.##Belghit A, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, et al. The multiple role of inorganic and organic additives in the degradation of reactive green 12 by UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process. Environmental Technology 2020: 1-13.##Xiang H, Shao Y, Gao N, et al. The influence of bromide on the degradation of sulfonamides in UV/free chlorine treatment: Degradation mechanism, DBPs formation and toxicity assessment. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019;362: 692-701.##Wu Q, Li Y, Wang W, et al. Removal of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by low pressure UV/chlorine advanced oxidation. J Environ Sci (China) 2016;41: 227-34.##Xiong R, Lu Z, Tang Q, et al. UV-LED/chlorine degradation of propranolol in water: Degradation pathway and product toxicity. Chemosphere 2020;248.##GilPavas E, Correa-Sanchez S. Assessment of the optimized treatment of indigo-polluted industrial textile wastewater by a sequential electrocoagulation-activated carbon adsorption process. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2020;36: 101306.##Wu Q, Li Y, Wang W, et al. Removal of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by low pressure UV/chlorine advanced oxidation. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016;41: 227-34.##Lee J-E, Kim M-K, Lee J-Y, et al. Degradation kinetics and pathway of 1H-benzotriazole during UV/chlorination process. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019;359: 1502-8.##Meghlaoui FZ, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, et al. Rapid catalytic degradation of refractory textile dyes in Fe (II)/chlorine system at near neutral pH: radical mechanism involving chlorine radical anion (Cl2−)-mediated transformation pathways and impact of environmental matrices. Separation and Purification Technology 2019;227: 115685.##Fang J, Zhao Q, Fan C, et al. Bromate formation from the oxidation of bromide in the UV/chlorine process with low pressure and medium pressure UV lamps. Chemosphere 2017;183: 582-8.##Zhao Q, Shang C, Zhang X. Effects of bromide on UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2009;9(6): 627-34.##Jamal MA, Muneer M, Iqbal M. Photo-degradation of monoazo dye blue 13 using advanced oxidation process. Chem Int 2015;1(1): 2-6.##Guo K, Wu Z, Fang J. UV-based advanced oxidation process for the treatment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Contaminants of emerging concern in water and wastewater: Elsevier; 2020. p. 367-408.##Gao Z-C, Lin Y-L, Xu B, et al. Effect of bromide and iodide on halogenated by-product formation from different organic precursors during UV/chlorine processes. Water research 2020;182: 116035.##Zhang X, Guo K, Wang Y, et al. Roles of bromine radicals, HOBr and Br2 in the transformation of flumequine by the UV/ chlorine process in the presence of bromide. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020;400.##Cheng S, Zhang X, Yang X, et al. The Multiple Role of Bromide Ion in PPCPs Degradation under UV/Chlorine Treatment. Environmental Science and Technology 2018;52(4): 1806-16.##Wang C, Ying Z, Ma M, et al. Degradation of micropollutants by UV-chlorine treatment in reclaimed water: pH effects, formation of disinfectant byproducts, and toxicity assay. Water 2019;11(12): 2639.##Wu Z, Guo K, Fang J, et al. Factors affecting the roles of reactive species in the degradation of micropollutants by the UV/chlorine process. Water research 2017;126: 351-60.##from: WdvDRA. http://www.worlddyevariety.com/direct-dyes/direct-red-83.html.##Kim T-K, Moon B-R, Kim T, et al. Degradation mechanisms of geosmin and 2-MIB during UV photolysis and UV/chlorine reactions. Chemosphere 2016;162: 157-64.##Zhang X, Guo K, Wang Y, et al. Roles of bromine radicals, HOBr and Br2 in the transformation of flumequine by the UV/chlorine process in the presence of bromide. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020;400: 125222.##Lee J-Y, Lee Y-M, Kim T-K, et al. Degradation of cyclophosphamide during UV/chlorine reaction: Kinetics, byproducts, and their toxicity. Chemosphere 2021;268: 128817.##Bekkouche S, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, Bouhelassa M. Efficient photocatalytic degradation of Safranin O by integrating solar-UV/TiO2/persulfate treatment: Implication of sulfate radical in the oxidation process and effect of various water matrix components. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 2017;345: 80-91.##Ferkous H, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, Pétrier C. Persulfate-enhanced sonochemical degradation of naphthol blue black in water: evidence of sulfate radical formation. Ultrasonics sonochemistry 2017;34: 580-7.##Gao Y-q, Zhang J, Li C, et al. Comparative evaluation of metoprolol degradation by UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 processes. Chemosphere 2020;243: 125325.##Xiong R, Lu Z, Tang Q, et al. UV-LED/chlorine degradation of propranolol in water: degradation pathway and product toxicity. Chemosphere 2020;248: 125957.##1.Benkaddour S, Slimani R, Hiyane H, et al. Removal of reactive yellow 145 by adsorption onto treated watermelon seeds: Kinetic and isotherm studies. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 2018;10(August): 16-21.##Kishor R, Purchase D, Saratale GD, et al. Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021;9(2): 105012.##Katsumata H, Koike S, Kaneco S, et al. Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010;22(9): 1455-61.##Iqbal A, Ali N, Shang ZH, et al. Decolorization and toxicity evaluation of simulated textile effluent via natural microbial consortia in attached growth reactors. Environmental Technology and Innovation 2022;26: 102284-.##Garg N, Garg A, Mukherji S. Eco-friendly decolorization and degradation of reactive yellow 145 textile dye by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Thiosphaera pantotropha. Journal of Environmental Management 2020;263: 110383.##Xie XH, Zheng XL, Yu CZ, et al. High-efficient biodegradation of refractory dye by a new bacterial flora DDMY1 under different conditions. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2020;17(3): 1491-502.##Patil NN, Shukla SR. Degradation of Reactive Yellow 145 dye by persulfate using microwave and conventional heating. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2015;7: 314-27.##Lade H, Kadam A, Paul D, Govindwar S. Biodegradation and detoxification of textile azo dyes by bacterial consortium under sequential microaerophilic/aerobic processes. EXCLI journal 2015;14: 158.##Katsumata H, Koike S, Kaneco S, et al. Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light. J Environ Sci (China) 2010;22(9): 1455-61.##Pellicer JA, Rodríguez-López MI, Fortea MI, et al. Removing of Direct Red 83:1 using α- and HP-α-CDs polymerized with epichlorohydrin: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. Dyes and Pigments 2018;149: 736-46.##Khatri A, Peerzada MH, Mohsin M, White M. A review on developments in dyeing cotton fabrics with reactive dyes for reducing effluent pollution. Journal of Cleaner Production 2015;87: 50-7.##Banat IM, Nigam P, Singh D, Marchant R. Microbial decolorization of textile-dyecontaining effluents: a review. Bioresource technology 1996;58(3): 217-27.##Gupta VK, Ali I, Saleh TA, et al. Chemical treatment technologies for waste-water recycling-an overview. RSC Advances 2012;2(16): 6380-8.##Al-Kdasi A, Idris A, Saed K, Guan CT. Treatment of textile wastewater by advanced oxidation processes-a review. Global nest: the Int J 2004;6(3): 222-30.##Ruan X, Xiang Y, Shang C, et al. Molecular characterization of transformation and halogenation of natural organic matter during the UV/chlorine AOP using FT-ICR mass spectrometry. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 2021;102: 24-36.##Wang D, Bolton JR, Andrews SA, Hofmann R. Formation of disinfection by-products in the ultraviolet/chlorine advanced oxidation process. Sci Total Environ 2015;518-519: 49-57.##Sun P, Lee W-N, Zhang R, Huang C-H. Degradation of DEET and Caffeine under UV/Chlorine and Simulated Sunlight/Chlorine Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 2016;50(24): 13265-73.##Wang WL, Wu QY, Huang N, et al. Synergistic effect between UV and chlorine (UV/chlorine) on the degradation of carbamazepine: Influence factors and radical species. Water Res 2016;98: 190-8.##19Li GQ, Wang WL, Huo ZY, et al. Comparison of UV-LED and low pressure UV for water disinfection: Photoreactivation and dark repair of Escherichia coli. Water Res 2017;126: 134-43.##Nikravesh B, Shomalnasab A, Nayyer A, et al. UV/Chlorine process for dye degradation in aqueous solution: Mechanism, affecting factors and toxicity evaluation for textile wastewater. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2020;8(5): 104244.##Gao Y-q, Gao N-y, Chen J-x, et al. Oxidation of β-blocker atenolol by a combination of UV light and chlorine: Kinetics, degradation pathways and toxicity assessment. Separation and Purification Technology 2020;231: 115927.##Hua Z, Li D, Wu Z, et al. DBP formation and toxicity alteration during UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater and the effects of ammonia and bromide. Water Research 2021;188.##Belghit A, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, et al. The multiple role of inorganic and organic additives in the degradation of reactive green 12 by UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process. Environmental Technology 2020: 1-13.##Xiang H, Shao Y, Gao N, et al. The influence of bromide on the degradation of sulfonamides in UV/free chlorine treatment: Degradation mechanism, DBPs formation and toxicity assessment. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019;362: 692-701.##Wu Q, Li Y, Wang W, et al. Removal of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by low pressure UV/chlorine advanced oxidation. J Environ Sci (China) 2016;41: 227-34.##Xiong R, Lu Z, Tang Q, et al. UV-LED/chlorine degradation of propranolol in water: Degradation pathway and product toxicity. Chemosphere 2020;248.##GilPavas E, Correa-Sanchez S. Assessment of the optimized treatment of indigo-polluted industrial textile wastewater by a sequential electrocoagulation-activated carbon adsorption process. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2020;36: 101306.##Wu Q, Li Y, Wang W, et al. Removal of C.I. Reactive Red 2 by low pressure UV/chlorine advanced oxidation. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016;41: 227-34.##Lee J-E, Kim M-K, Lee J-Y, et al. Degradation kinetics and pathway of 1H-benzotriazole during UV/chlorination process. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019;359: 1502-8.##Meghlaoui FZ, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, et al. Rapid catalytic degradation of refractory textile dyes in Fe (II)/chlorine system at near neutral pH: radical mechanism involving chlorine radical anion (Cl2−)-mediated transformation pathways and impact of environmental matrices. Separation and Purification Technology 2019;227: 115685.##Fang J, Zhao Q, Fan C, et al. Bromate formation from the oxidation of bromide in the UV/chlorine process with low pressure and medium pressure UV lamps. Chemosphere 2017;183: 582-8.##Zhao Q, Shang C, Zhang X. Effects of bromide on UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 2009;9(6): 627-34.##Jamal MA, Muneer M, Iqbal M. Photo-degradation of monoazo dye blue 13 using advanced oxidation process. Chem Int 2015;1(1): 2-6.##Guo K, Wu Z, Fang J. UV-based advanced oxidation process for the treatment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Contaminants of emerging concern in water and wastewater: Elsevier; 2020. p. 367-408.##Gao Z-C, Lin Y-L, Xu B, et al. Effect of bromide and iodide on halogenated by-product formation from different organic precursors during UV/chlorine processes. Water research 2020;182: 116035.##Zhang X, Guo K, Wang Y, et al. Roles of bromine radicals, HOBr and Br2 in the transformation of flumequine by the UV/ chlorine process in the presence of bromide. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020;400.##Cheng S, Zhang X, Yang X, et al. The Multiple Role of Bromide Ion in PPCPs Degradation under UV/Chlorine Treatment. Environmental Science and Technology 2018;52(4): 1806-16.##Wang C, Ying Z, Ma M, et al. Degradation of micropollutants by UV-chlorine treatment in reclaimed water: pH effects, formation of disinfectant byproducts, and toxicity assay. Water 2019;11(12): 2639.##Wu Z, Guo K, Fang J, et al. Factors affecting the roles of reactive species in the degradation of micropollutants by the UV/chlorine process. Water research 2017;126: 351-60.##from: WdvDRA. http://www.worlddyevariety.com/direct-dyes/direct-red-83.html.##Kim T-K, Moon B-R, Kim T, et al. Degradation mechanisms of geosmin and 2-MIB during UV photolysis and UV/chlorine reactions. Chemosphere 2016;162: 157-64.##Zhang X, Guo K, Wang Y, et al. Roles of bromine radicals, HOBr and Br2 in the transformation of flumequine by the UV/chlorine process in the presence of bromide. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020;400: 125222.##Lee J-Y, Lee Y-M, Kim T-K, et al. Degradation of cyclophosphamide during UV/chlorine reaction: Kinetics, byproducts, and their toxicity. Chemosphere 2021;268: 128817.##Bekkouche S, Merouani S, Hamdaoui O, Bouhelassa M. 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بررسی تجمع عناصر آرسنیک، سرب و مس در بافت عضله گونه‌های قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) و ماهی سس (Barbus barbus) ساکن رودخانه سیروان کردستان Analysis of As, Pb and Cu contents in muscle tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Barbus barbus caughted from Sirvan River, Kurdistan, Iran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ماهی‌ها به‌عنوان منبع مهم تامین کننده پروتئین، آلاینده‌ها و به‌ویژه فلزات سنگین را از محیط‎های آبی دریافت و در بافت‌های بدن خود انباشته می‌کنند که این موضوع از نظر ایمنی غذایی حایز اهمیت است. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تجمع عناصر آرسنیک، سرب و مس در بافت عضله گونه‌های قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان و ماهی سس صید شده از رودخانه سیروان استان کردستان در سال 1398 انجام یافت. مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش توصیفی، پس از انتخاب پنج ایستگاه نمونه‌برداری در طول رودخانه، در مجموع تعداد 30 عدد از دو گونه ماهی صید شد. پس از هضم اسیدی نمونه‌ها، غلظت عناصر به‌روش طیف‏سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry: ICP-OES) خوانده شد و پردازش آماری نتایج نیز توسط نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام یافت. یافته‌ها: میانگین غلظت عناصر آرسنیک، سرب و مس در بافت عضله ماهی قزل‌آلا به‌ترتیب برابر با 022/0، 034/0 و 078/0 میکروگرم در گرم و در ماهی سس نیز به‌ترتیب برابر با 018/0،  012/0 و 042/0 میکروگرم در گرم بود. هم‌چنین، مقایسه آماری میانگین غلظت عناصر با رهنمود FAO/WHO، ATSDR، FDA و EU نشان داد که میانگین غلظت همه عناصر کم‌تر از بیشینه رواداری بوده است. نتیجه‌گیری: اگرچه در زمان اجرای پژوهش مصرف ماهیان مورد مطالعه از حیث نرخ تجمع عناصر در بافت عضله ماهی تهدیدی را متوجه سلامتی مصرف‌کنندگان نمی‌کند، اما عدم مدیریت اصولی اراضی مجاور رودخانه به‌ویژه اراضی زیرکشت می­تواند منجر به ورود انواع آلاینده‌ها از جمله فلزات سنگین و باقی‌مانده آفت‌کش‌ها و کودهای شیمیایی و آلی از طریق تخلیه زه‌آب کشاورزی به رودخانه شده و ضمن تجمع آلاینده‌ها در بافت‌های بدن آبزیان ساکن، سلامت مصرف‌کنندگان را نیز با مخاطره مواجه کند. 2 Background and Objective: The presence of heavy metals in the environment and especially bioaccumulatioin of these compounds in tissues of aquatic organisms could constitute be a hazard to food security and public health. Therefore, this study was conducted to analysis of As, Pb and Cu contents in muscle tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Barbus barbus captured from the Sirvan River, Kurdistan in 2019. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 30 fish samples were collected randomizelly from five sampling stations along the Sirvan River. After samples preparation, As, Pb and Cu concentrations were determined using ICP–OES. Also, all statistical analyses of the obtained data were performed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the mean concentrations of As, Pb and Cu (µg/g, wet weight) in muscle tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss were 0.022, 0.034, and 0.078, respectively, while in muscle tissue of Barbus barbus were found to be 0.018, 0.012 and 0.042, respectively. Also, the mean contents of all the analyzed elements were lower than maximum permissible concentration (MPC) established by FAO/WHO, ATSDR, FDA and EU. Conclusion: Although at the time of this research the contribution to the total body burden of the analyzed elements can be considered as negligibly small, mismanagement of land uses around the Sirvan River could lead to the entry of several kinds of pollutants such as pesticides and potentially toxic elements into the water body. Consequently, adverse health effects could be occured for local consumers through ingestion of fishes with high accumulated heavy metals in their tissues. 470 484 2022/10/102022/12/92022/09/152022/07/192022/10/13 1401/7/21 2022/12/112023/01/142022/11/152022/08/32022/11/20 1401/8/29 لیما طیبی Lima Tayebi دکترای تخصصی شیلات، استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران l.tayebi@malayeru.ac.ir سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhan Ardakani دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir سیدمیلاد جعفری Seyed Milad Jafari دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران Oncorhynchus mykiss Barbus barbus Heavy metals Food Security Sirvan River ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان ماهی سس فلز سنگین ایمنی غذایی رودخانه سیروان 1.Rezaei Raja O, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M. 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ارزیابی و تعیین ریسک اکولوژیک سرب، روی و کادمیوم در گــرد و غبــار اتمسفری شهر اصفهان Evaluation and determination of the ecological risk of lead, zinc and cadmium in the atmospheric dust of Isfahan city 1 1 زمینه و هدف: گرد و غبار یکی از منابع مهم فلزات سنگین در محیط زیست است. فلزات سنگین با اتصال به ذرات گرد و غبار قادرند در مقیاس­های وسیعی منتشر شوند. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی و سنجش میزان آلودگی فلزات سنگین در غبار ریزشی دشت سجزی اصفهان می باشد که در حال حاضر مهمترین منبع  ریزگرد ها برای شهر اصفهان است. روش بررسی : در این پژوهش پس جمع آوری نمونه ها برای سه فصل، میزان سرب و روی و کادمیوم موجود در آنها تعیین و با استفاده از شاخص­های آلودگی نظیر شاخص زمین انباشتگی (Igeo) ، فاکتور آلودگی (CF) و شاخص ارزیابی پتانسیل خطر محیط زیستی (RI) منطقه از نظر میزان الودگی ارزیابی شد و براساس داده­ها نقشه­ی آلودگی منطقه استخراج گردید. یافته ها: بررسی شاخص درجه آلودگی نشان می­دهد کادمیوم و سرب در درجه بسیار پایین آلودگی و روی در طبقه پایین آلودگی قرار  دارند که نشان دهنده عدم وجود آلودگی در منطقه است. همچنین شاخص خطر اکولوژیکی برای کادمیوم و سرب و مس در محدوده ریسک کم قرار دارد و همچنین خطر محیط زیستی برای هر سه عنصر در محدود کمتر از 150 قرار دارد که نشان دهنده پتانسیل ریسک کم می باشد. نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی می‌توان گفت توزیع آلودگی برای کادمیوم در فصول مختلف متفاوت است و ایستگاه 2 و4  که در جنوب قرار دارند، بیشترین میانگین آلودگی را برای عنصر روی دارند همچنین ایستگاه 4 برای عنصر سرب بیشترین میانگین آلودگی را نشان می دهد.  بنابراین می­توان نتیجه گرفت شیب آلودگی برای عنصر روی و سرب از شمال شرقی به طرف جنوب غربی می‌باشد و توزیع آلودگی برای کادمیوم در فصول مختلف متفاوت است.   2 Background and Objective: Dust is one of the most important sources of heavy metals in the environment. Heavy metals can be dispersion on a large scale by binding to dust particles. This study aimed to evaluate and measure the pollution of heavy metals in subsidence dust of Sajzi plain in Isfahan.That now is the most important source of dust in Isfahan city. Materials and Methods: After collecting samples for three seasons, this study determined the amount of lead, zinc, and cadmium, and then pollution indicators were assessed, such as accumulation index and contamination degree, etc Results: The contamination degree showed that cadmium and lead were in a very low degree of contamination and zinc was in a low degree of contamination. Also, the ecological risk index was a low-risk range for cadmium, lead, and copper. The environmental risk for the three elements was less than 150, which showed low-risk potential. Conclusion: According to the distribution of pollution, it can be concluded that the pollution slope for the zinc and lead element was from northeast to southwest. The distribution of contaminated cadmium was different in three seasons. Stations 2 and 4 had the highest average pollution for the zinc element. 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مقایسه کارایی خاکستر کوره آجرپزی، خاکستر نیروگاه حرارتی و کربن فعال تجاری در حذف اکسیژن‌خواهی شیمیایی از فاضلاب خانگی A comparative study on the efficiency of brick kiln ash, thermal power plant Ash and commercial activated carbon for COD removal from domestic wastewater 1 1 زمینه و هدف: از آنجایی که استفاده از فاضلاب با بار آلی بالا در آبیاری باغات یا سبزی­کاری­ها مشکلات بهداشتی برای مصرف­کنندگان به‌دنبال خواهد داشت، لذا، این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه­ کارایی خاکستر کوره آجرپزی و نیروگاه حرارتی با کربن فعال تجاری در حذف اکسیژن­خواهی شیمیایی (COD) از فاضلاب خانگی انجام یافت. روش بررسی : به­منظور ارزیابی کارایی حذف COD از نمونه فاضلاب خانگی، تحت شرایط بهینه و به‌صورت ناپیوسته از کربن فعال تجاری، خاکستر نیروگاه حرارتی و خاکستر کوره آجرپزی استفاده و اثر متغیرهای pH، مقدار جاذب، زمان تماس و سرعت اختلاط بررسی شدند. هم‌چنین، به­منظور تعیین مدل جذب، نتایج با ایزوترم­های لانگمویر و فروندلیخ برازش شدند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش زمان تماس، مقدار جاذب و سرعت اختلاط، کارایی حذف COD افزایش یافته است. هم‌چنین، pH برابر با هفت به‌عنوان pH بهینه برای انجام فرآیند تعیین شد. از طرفی، فرآیند جذب بر روی همه جاذب­ها، از ایزوترم لانگمویر تبعیت کرده و بیشینه ظرفیت جذب برای جاذب­­های کربن فعال تجاری، خاکستر نیروگاه حرارتی و خاکستر کوره آجرپزی به­ترتیب برابر با 0/83، 6/28 و 9/14 میلی­گرم در گرم بود. نتیجه گیری: کربن فعال تجاری یک جاذب کارآمد در حذف COD فاضلاب شناخته شد و اگرچه کارایی جاذب‌های خاکستر کوره آجرپزی و نیروگاه حرارتی کم­تر از کربن فعال تجاری بود، اما ارزان قیمت بودن آن­­ها را می­توان به­عنوان یک مزیت برای استفاده به­منظور حذف COD از فاضلاب­ مدنظر قرار داد. 2 Background and Objective: Since use of domestic wastewater contain organic pollutants for irrigation of agricultural farms will lead to be adverse health effects, this study was conducted to compare the efficiency of brick kiln ash, thermal power plant ash and also commercial activated carbon for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from domestic wastewater. Materials and Methods: In order to removal of COD from domestic wastewater by studied adsorbents, under optimal conditions the effects of pH, amount of adsorbent, contact time and  agitation speed were evaluated. Also, equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir (L) and Freundlich (F) isotherm models. Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency was increased by increasing in adsorbent dose, contact time and agitation speed. The optimum pH for COD removal was 7. Also, the results indicated that, the adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Langmuir model with R2 = 0.997, 0.996 and 0.993 for commercial activated carbon, thermal power plant ash and brick kiln ash, respectively. Moreover, maximum adsorption capacity of COD for commercial activated carbon, thermal power plant ash and brick kiln ash were obtained 83.0, 28.6 and 14.9 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the commercial activated carbon found to be as an effective adsorbent for removal of COD from domestic wastewater compared to thermal power plant ash and brick kiln ash, but due to low cost of them, thermal power plant ash and also brick kiln ash could be used for removal of COD from wastewater. 502 512 2022/10/102022/12/92022/09/152022/07/192022/10/132022/08/32022/11/26 1401/9/5 2022/12/112023/01/142022/11/152022/08/32022/11/202022/11/192022/12/11 1401/9/20 مهرداد چراغی Mehrdad Cheraghi استاد علوم محیط‌زیست، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران cheraghi@iauh.ac.ir سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhan Ardakani استاد علوم محیط‌زیست، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir حسن پرویزی مساعد Hassan Parvizi Mosaed دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران راضیه زندی پاک Raziyeh Zandipak دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران بهاره لرستانی Bahareh Lorestani دانشیار علوم محیط‌زیست، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران Brick kiln ash Thermal power plant ash Commercial activated carbon Chemical oxygen demand Domestic wastewater خاکستر کوره آجرپزی خاکستر نیروگاه حرارتی کربن فعال تجاری اکسیژن خواهی شیمیایی فاضلاب خانگی 1.Zandipak R Sobhanardakani S, Shirzadi A. 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بررسی آلودگی رواناب سطحی مناطق پر ترافیک شهر ملایر به عناصر آهن، سرب و کادمیم Assessment of metal (Fe, Pb and Cd) pollution of surface runoff of the high traffic intensity regions in city of Malayer, Iran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: امروزه افزایش سطوح غیرقابل نفوذ در شهرها به جاری شدن سیلاب و آلودگی رواناب منجر شده است. از این‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی آلودگی عناصر آهن، سرب و کادمیم در رواناب سطحی نقاط پر ترافیک شهر ملایر انجام یافت. مواد و روش‌ها : در این پژوهش توصیفی- مقطعی، 15 نمونه­ رواناب سطحی از پنج ایستگاه منتخب در سطح شهر ملایر برداشت و به بطری­های پلی­اتیلنی منتقل شدند. به هر بطری چند قطره اسید نیتریک به­منظور رساندن pH نمونه­ها به 2 افزوده شد. بعد از طی مراحل آماده­سازی آزمایشگاهی، غلظت عناصر در نمونه­ها به­روش طیف‌سنج نشری پلاسمای جفت‌شده القایی خوانده شد. پردازش آماری داده­ها نیز توسط نرم­افزار­ SPSS انجام یافت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین غلظت عناصر آهن، سرب و کادمیم در نمونه­ها به­ترتیب برابر با 220/0، 320/0 و 150/0 میکروگرم در لیتر بوده که برای عناصر سرب و کادمیم از رهنمود WHO و برای عنصر کادمیم نیز از رهنمود سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست ایران برای تخلیه به منابع آب سطحی و پذیرنده بیش­تر بوده است. نتیجه گیری: از آن­جا که آلودگی رواناب به فلزات سنگین به­ویژه بر اثر آلاینده­های انتشاریافته از حمل و نقل می­تواند منجر به تهدید منابع پذیرنده و به‌تبع آن بروز مخاطرات محیط‌زیستی و بهداشتی ­شود، لذا، نسبت به جمع­آوری و تصفیه رواناب ناشی از نزولات جوی قبل از تخلیه به منابع پذیرنده توصیه می‌شود. 2   Background and Objective: Nowadays, increases in the extent of impervious surfaces in urban areas causes contributed to flooding and runoff contamination. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess Fe, Pb and Cd concentrations in surface runoff samples collected from regions with high traffic intensity in city of Malayer, west of Iran. Materials and Methods: In the current study, a total of 15 surface runoff samples were collected from five selected stations. The samples were filtered (0.45 μm), stored in polyethylene bottles and were acidified at a pH lower than 2 by adding concentrated HNO3 in order to avoid metal adsorption onto the inner bottle walls. Element (Fe, Pb and Cd) concentrations were determined using ICP-OES (710-ES, Varian). All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 20.0 Results: The results showed that the mean concentrations of Fe, Pb and Cd in runoff samples were 0.220, 0.320 and 0.150 µg/l, respectively. Comparing the mean concentrations of analyzed elements with maximum permissible concentration (MPC) established by WHO and Iran DOE indicated that the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd were found to be higher than WHO permissible limits. On the other hand, the mean concentration of Cd was higher than Iran DOE permissible limits. Conclusion: The results indicated that surface runoff from regions with high traffic intensity in city of Malayer were polluted with Pb and Cd, which could be threaten the surface water resources and health of citizens. Therefore, periodic monitoring and consequently treatment of runoff from rainfall before entering to surface water resources is recommended. 513 524 2022/10/102022/12/92022/09/152022/07/192022/10/132022/08/32022/11/262022/11/3 1401/8/12 2022/12/112023/01/142022/11/152022/08/32022/11/202022/11/192022/12/112022/12/10 1401/9/19 محبوبه یزدان فر Mahboubeh Yazdanfar دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhan Ardakani استاد علوم محیط‌زیست، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir لیما طیبی Lima Tayebi Ph.D. in Fisheries, Assistant Professor in Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, 3. Malayer University, Malayer, Iran ایران Surface runoff Potentially toxic elements Atomic emission spectrometry Traffic intensity Malayer رواناب سطحی عناصر بالقوه سمی طیف‌سنجی نشر اتمی شدت ترافیک ملایر Sobhanardakani S. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals through exposure to the household dust (Case study: City of Khorramabad, Iran). Ann Milit Health Scie Res 2018;16(4):e86594.##Sobhanardakani S. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metals content of atmospheric dry deposition, a case study: Kermanshah, Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187(2):602-10.##Ichiki A, Yamada K, Ohnishi T. Prediction of runoff pollutant load considering characteristics of river basin. Water Sci Technol 1996;33(4-5):117-26.##Debo TN, Reese A. Municipal Stormwater Management, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2002; pp. 973-79.##Baharmastian B, Sobhanardakani S, Jameh Bozorgi S. 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