1401 10 2 39 220

بررسی تاثیر ترافیک شهری بر تجمع فلزات سنگین در خاک و پوشش گیاهی حاشیه خیابان، مورد مطالعه: شهر همدان Effect of traffic density on heavy metal content of soils and vegetation cover along roadsides, case study: City of Hamedan 1 1 زمینه و هدف: امروزه عناصر کمیاب به‌عنوان شاخص‌های مفید ارزیابی آلودگی محیط و به‌ویژه اثرات ناگوار ناشی از ترافیک شهری محسوب می‌شوند. از این‌رو، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثر ترافیک شهری و فاصله از حاشیه خیایان بر محتوی عناصر سرب، کادمیم و مس در خاک و پوشش گیاهی حاشیه خیابان‌های شهر همدان انجام یافت. مواد و روش ها: در این پژوهش توصیفی، پس از انتخاب چهار منطقه با حجم ترافیکی مختلف در سطح شهر همدان، 24 نمونه مرکب خاک و 24 نمونه مرکب گیاه از هر منطقه برداشت شد. پس از آماده‌سازی و هضم اسیدی نمونه­های خاک و گیاه، محتوی عناصر در آن‌ها به‌روش طیف‏سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت شده القایی (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry: ICP-OES) خوانده شد. پردازش آماری داده­ها نیز توسط نسخه 19 نرم­افزار SPSS انجام یافت.  یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد تجمع فلزات در خاک و پوشش گیاهی مناطقی با حجم ترافیک بالا (بلوار بسیج) بیش­تر از سایر مناطق بود. همچنین، فاصله از حاشیه جاده نیز با تجمع فلزات در نمونه‌ها رابطه معکوس داشت. به‌طوری‌که  بیشینه غلظت تجمع‌یافته عناصر مربوط به نمونه‌های برداشت شده از فاصله پنج متری حاشیه خیابان بود. نتیجه گیری: رابطه معکوس بین غلظت تجمع‌یافته عناصر با فاصله از جاده را می­توان با انتشار آلاینده‌ها از وسایل نقیله مرتبط دانست. به‌علاوه، نتایج این تحقیق می­تواند مورد استفاده مدیران و برنامه‌ریزان حوزه‌های معماری و طراحی شهری، برنامه‌ریزی کاربری اراضی شهری و مدیریت حمل و نقل و کنترل ترافیک شهری واقع شود. 2 Background & Objective: Nowadays, trace elements are known as useful indicators for monitoring of environmental pollution caused from traffic emmissions. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of urban traffic and distance from the street side on heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) concentration in surface soil and plant species of roadsides environment of city of Hamedan, west of Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, a total of 48 surface soil and plant samples were collected from four areas of city of Hamedan with different traffic density. After samples preparation, the concentrations of the analyzed elements in the soil and plant samples were determined using ICP-OES. Also, all statistical analyses of the obtained data were performed using SPSS software version 19.0. Results: Based on the results obtained, metals accumulation in soils and plants of the area with heavy traffic volume especially Basij Boulevard were higher than the other sampling areas. Also, distance from street side had been inverse relation with metals accumulation in soil and plant samples. So as the most accumulation of elements was recorded for samples collected at a distance of 5.0 m from street side. Conclusion: Generally, inverse relation of metals accumulation in soil and plant samples with distance from street side might be related to vehicular emissions. Moreover, the results of this study also could be useful for managers and planners in the fields of architecture and urban design, urban land use planning, and urban traffic control managers. 100 113 2023/03/22 1402/1/2 2023/04/29 1402/2/9 بهاره لرستانی Bahareh Lorestani دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران lorestanib@iauh.ac.ir مهرداد چراغی Mehrdad Cheraghi دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران سهیل سبحان اردکانی Sobhan Ardakani Soheil دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir Heavy metals Urban traffic Vegetation cover Roadside Hamedan فلز سنگین ترافیک شهری پوشش گیاهی حاشیه خیابان همدان Sobhan Ardakani S, Jafari SM. Assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in different tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caught from Shirinsu Wetland, Western Iran. J Chem Health Risk 2014; 4(2): 47-54.##Sobhan Ardakani S, Razban SS, Maànijou M. Evaluation of concentration of some heavy metals in ground water resources of Qahavand Plain-Hamedan. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2014; 18(6): 339-48 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S. Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic heavy metals in the atmospheric dust of city of Hamedan, west of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2018; 25(28): 28086-93.##Sabet Aghlidi P, Cheraghi M, Lorestani B, et al. Analysis, spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of arsenic and some heavy metals of agricultural soils, Case study: South of Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18(2): 665-76.##Hosseini NS, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Expansive herbaceous species as bio-tools for elements detection in the vicinity of major roads of Hamedan, Iran. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2022; 19(3): 1611-24.##Hosseini NS, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside plants (Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba) and soils along some highways in Hamedan, west of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2020; 27(12): 13301-14.##Cui YJ, Zhu YG, Zhai RH, et al. Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China. Environ Int 2004; 30: 785-91.##Mohammad Moradi B, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M. Ecological risk of heavy metals in surface soils of urban parks. Iran J Health Environ 2018; 10(4): 429-42 (In Persian).##Farzan M, Sobhan Ardakani, S. Analysis of Fe, Pb, and Cd content of surface runoff in regions with high traffic intensity in Hamedan, Iran, in 2014. Health Sys Res 2016; 12(2): 208-13 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Taghavi L, Shahmoradi B, et al. Groundwater quality assessment using the water quality Pollution indices in Toyserkan Plain. Environ Health Eng Manage J 2017; 4(1): 21-7.##Sobhanardakani S, Jafari SM. Analysis of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni concentrations in types of cabbage marketed in Hamedan City. J Food Hyg 2014; 4(4): 45-53 (In Persian).##Babaei B, Sobhanardakani S. Determination of heavy metals contamination in children's toys marketed in Hamedan City in 2015. J Res Environ Health 2(2): 165-72 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals through exposure to the household dust (Case study: City of Khorramabad, Iran). Ann Milit Health Sci Res 2018; 16(4): e86594.##Habibi H, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Analysis, sources and health risk assessment of trace elements in street dust collected from the city of Hamedan, west of Iran. Arab J Geosci 2022; 15: 168.##Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, Zandipak R, et al. Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using waste tea leaves. Iran J Toxicol 2015; 9(28): 1247-53.##Sobhanardakani S, Kianpour M. Heavy metal levels and potential health risk assessment in honey consumed in west of Iran. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng 2016; 3(2): e7795.##Harrison RM, Laxen DPH, Wilson SJ. Chemical association of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in street dusts and roadside soils. Environ Sci Technol 1981; 15: 1378-83.##Yang XE, Long XX, Ni WZ, et al. Assessing copper thresholds for phytotoxicity and potential dietary toxicity in selected vegetable crops. J Environ Sci Health B 2002; 37: 625-35.##Bakirdere S, Yaman M. Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 2008; 136: 401-10.##Yaman M, Akdeniz I Sensitivity enhancement in flame atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of copper in human thyroid tissues. Anal Sci 2004; 20: 1363-6.##Sobhanardakani S, Maanijou M, Asadi H. Investigation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mg concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain. 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Distribution of vehicular lead in roadside soils of major roads of Brisbane, Australia. Water Air Soil Pollut 2000; 118: 299-310.##Jaradat QM, Momani KA. Contamination of roadside soil, plants, and air with heavy metals in Jordan, a comparative study. Turk J Chem 1999; 209: 20-3.##Nabulo G, Oryem-Origa H, Diamond M. Assessment of lead, cadmium, and zinc contamination of roadside soils, surface films, and vegetables in Kampala City, Uganda. Environ Res 2006; 101(1): 42-52.##Shashank S, Prasad FM. Accumulation of lead and cadmium in soil and vegetable crops along major highways in Agra (India). E-J Chem 2010; 7(4): 1174-83.##Rahmani HR, Kalbasi M, Hajrasuliha S. Plant pollution from lead produced by automobile exhaust system near certain highways of Iran. J Environ Stud 2001; 26: 77-83 (In Persian).##Fakayode SO, Olu-Owolabi BI. Heavy metal contamination of roadside topsoil in Osogbo, Nigeria: Its relationship to traffic density and proximity to highways. Environ Geol 2003; 44: 150-7.##Sobhan Ardakani S, Jafari SM. Assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in different tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caught from Shirinsu Wetland, Western Iran. J Chem Health Risk 2014; 4(2): 47-54.##Sobhan Ardakani S, Razban SS, Maànijou M. Evaluation of concentration of some heavy metals in ground water resources of Qahavand Plain-Hamedan. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2014; 18(6): 339-48 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S. Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic heavy metals in the atmospheric dust of city of Hamedan, west of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2018; 25(28): 28086-93.##Sabet Aghlidi P, Cheraghi M, Lorestani B, et al. Analysis, spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of arsenic and some heavy metals of agricultural soils, Case study: South of Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2020; 18(2): 665-76.##Hosseini NS, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Expansive herbaceous species as bio-tools for elements detection in the vicinity of major roads of Hamedan, Iran. Int J Environ Sci Technol 2022; 19(3): 1611-24.##Hosseini NS, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside plants (Achillea wilhelmsii and Cardaria draba) and soils along some highways in Hamedan, west of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2020; 27(12): 13301-14.##Cui YJ, Zhu YG, Zhai RH, et al. Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China. Environ Int 2004; 30: 785-91.##Mohammad Moradi B, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M. Ecological risk of heavy metals in surface soils of urban parks. Iran J Health Environ 2018; 10(4): 429-42 (In Persian).##Farzan M, Sobhan Ardakani, S. Analysis of Fe, Pb, and Cd content of surface runoff in regions with high traffic intensity in Hamedan, Iran, in 2014. Health Sys Res 2016; 12(2): 208-13 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Taghavi L, Shahmoradi B, et al. Groundwater quality assessment using the water quality Pollution indices in Toyserkan Plain. Environ Health Eng Manage J 2017; 4(1): 21-7.##Sobhanardakani S, Jafari SM. Analysis of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni concentrations in types of cabbage marketed in Hamedan City. J Food Hyg 2014; 4(4): 45-53 (In Persian).##Babaei B, Sobhanardakani S. Determination of heavy metals contamination in children's toys marketed in Hamedan City in 2015. J Res Environ Health 2(2): 165-72 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals through exposure to the household dust (Case study: City of Khorramabad, Iran). Ann Milit Health Sci Res 2018; 16(4): e86594.##Habibi H, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Analysis, sources and health risk assessment of trace elements in street dust collected from the city of Hamedan, west of Iran. Arab J Geosci 2022; 15: 168.##Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, Zandipak R, et al. Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using waste tea leaves. Iran J Toxicol 2015; 9(28): 1247-53.##Sobhanardakani S, Kianpour M. Heavy metal levels and potential health risk assessment in honey consumed in west of Iran. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng 2016; 3(2): e7795.##Harrison RM, Laxen DPH, Wilson SJ. Chemical association of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in street dusts and roadside soils. Environ Sci Technol 1981; 15: 1378-83.##Yang XE, Long XX, Ni WZ, et al. Assessing copper thresholds for phytotoxicity and potential dietary toxicity in selected vegetable crops. J Environ Sci Health B 2002; 37: 625-35.##Bakirdere S, Yaman M. Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 2008; 136: 401-10.##Yaman M, Akdeniz I Sensitivity enhancement in flame atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of copper in human thyroid tissues. Anal Sci 2004; 20: 1363-6.##Sobhanardakani S, Maanijou M, Asadi H. 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J Environ Stud 2007; 33(43): 1-10 (In Persian).##Zannoni D, Valotto G, Visin F, et al. Sources and distribution of tracer elements in road dust: the Venice mainland case of study. J Geochem Explor 2016; 166: 64-72.##Bourliva A, Kantiranis N, Papadopoulou L, et al. Seasonal and spatial variations of magnetic susceptibility and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in road dusts of Thessaloniki city, Greece: A one-year monitoring period. Sci Total Environ 2018; 639: 417-27.##Men C, Liu R, Xu F, et al. Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China. Sci Total environ 2018; 612: 138-47.##Mohamadi M, Ghasemi R, Naeimi M. Distribution pattern of heavy metals in roadside Topsoils around the Rasht-Qazvin freeway. J Health 2018; 9(3): 249-58 (In Persian).##Pardakhti A, Zahed F. Pollution Indices and Ecological Risk Assessment for Heavy Metals in Side Soils of Interurban Roads, Iran. 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ارزیابی میزان جذب زیستی منگنز توسط اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس از پساب های صنعتی و مطالعه ژنتیکی ژنهای جذب کننده فلزات سنگین Evaluation of manganese biodegradation rate by Spirulina platensis from industrial effluents and genetic study of heavy metal absorbing genes. 1 1 زمینه و هدف: حذف فلز سنگین منگنز از پساب‌های صنعتی، برای کارشناسان محیط زیست همواره از موضوعات چالش‌ برانگیز بوده است. مشخص شده است که در تصفیه پساب صنعتی جهت حذف فلزات سنگین می‌توان از گونه­های مختلفِ ریزجلبک از جمله اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس بهره گرفت. هدف اصلی این پژوهش کاهش و یا حذف فلز سنگین منگنز از پساب صنعتی کارخانه­ها توسط ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس می­باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق 8 نوع پساب صنعتی از کارخانجات مختلف جمع‌آوری شد و بعد از رسیدن جلبک به فاز لگارتیمی مجاورسازی با پساب‌های صنعتی صورت گرفت. سپس غلظت فلز منگنز، میزان جذب فلز و درصد کارایی پاکسازی ریزجلبک به وسیله سنجش جذب اتمی انجام شد. همچنین، برای توالی‌یابی نوکلئوتیدی ژن زیراحد آلفافیکوسیانین از ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا، آنزیم‌های برشی طراحی شد. سپس برای تأیید آغازگرها از نرم‌افزار Clonewin استفاده شد و قطعه مورد نظر به صورت مجازی درون ناقل بیانی قرار گرفت.  یافته ها: نتایج ارزیابی جذب اتمی نشان داد که پس از مجاورسازی اسپیرولینا با پساب‌های صنعتی به مدت یک ساعت، کاهش معناداری در حجم فلز سنگین منگنز اتفاق افتاد که با افزایش مدت زمان مجاورسازی به میزانِ 3 ساعت، جذب زیستی بیشتری توسط اسپیرولینا از پساب‌های صنعتی صورت گرفت. همچنین نتیجه توالی ژن زیرواحد آلفافیکوسیانین، 100٪ همولوژی با توالی ژن زیرواحد آلفافیکوسیانین موجود در بانک ژن را نشان داد. نتیجه گیری: بنابراین، اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس توانایی جذب فلز منگنز در پساب صنعتی حاصل از کارخانجات را دارد و جهت همسانه‌سازی و بیان ژن­های زیرواحدآلفا می­توان از ناقل‌های بیانی متفاوت استفاده کرد.   2 Background & purpose: The remediation of heavy metal manganese from industrial wastewaters has always been a challenging issue for environmental experts. It has been found that different species of microalgae, including Spirulina platensis, can be used in industrial wastewater treatment to remove heavy metals. The main goal of this research is to reduce or remove the heavy metal manganese from the industrial wastewaters of factories by microalgae Spirulina platensis. Materials& Methods: In this research, 8 types of industrial wastewaters were collected from different factories and after the algae reached the logarithmic phase, they were mixed with industrial wastewaters. Then, the concentration of manganese metal, the amount of metal absorption and the percentage of microalgae cleaning efficiency were determined by atomic absorption measurement. Also, cutting enzymes were designed for nucleotide sequencing of α-phycocyanin subunit gene from Spirulina microalgae. Then Clonewin software was used to confirm the primers and the target fragment was placed in the expression vector. Findings: The results of atomic absorption evaluation showed that after exposure of spirulina to industrial wastewater for one hour, a significant decrease in the volume of the heavy metal manganese occurred. Also, the result of the α-phycocyanin subunit gene sequence showed 100% homology with the α-phycocyanin subunit gene sequence in the gene bank. Conclusion: Therefore, Spirulina platensis has the ability to absorb manganese metal in industrial wastewaters from factories, and different expression vectors can be used for homogenization and expression of alpha subunit genes. 114 129 2023/03/222023/03/15 1401/12/24 2023/04/292023/04/30 1402/2/10 الهه تقیان Elaheh Taghiyan دانشجوی دکتری ژنتیک و بهنژادی گیاهی، دانشگاه تهران، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، کرج، ایران ایران Elahetaghiyan8@yahoo.com داریوش نباتی احمدی ‪Dariush Nabati Ahmadi دانشیار گروه اصلاح نباتات ، دانشگاه شهید چمران، دانشکده کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران ایران dnabati@scu.ac.ir محمد رعایایی اردکانی Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani‬ استاد گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، دانشکده علوم، اهواز، ایران ایران Roayaei-m@scu.ac.ir Spirulina plantesis wastewater manganese biodegradation اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس زیست پالایی فلز منگنز پساب Kumar M, Tomar M, Punia S, Dhakane-Lad J, Dhumal S, Changan S, Senapathy M, Berwal MK, Sampathrajan V, Sayed AA, Chandran D. 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بررسی روش‌های بازیافت ضایعات بتنی (مطالعه مروری) Investigation of Concrete Waste Recycling Methods (Review) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ضایعات ساخت‌وساز و تخریب، از جمله پرحجم‌ترین ضایعات شهری بوده که غالباً از جنس بتن هستند. با توجه به حجم بالای این ضایعات، ضروریست تا از استراتژی بازیافت برای مدیریت‌ ضایعات ساختمانی استفاده کرد. بازیافت، سه مزیت عمده؛ از جمله کاهش تقاضای منابع طبیعی، کاهش هزینه تولید انرژی و افزایش ظرفیت محل‌ دفن را دارا می‌باشد که میتواند تا حد زیادی مدیریت ضایعات بتنی را راحت‌تر کند. بر این اساس، هدف از مطالعه حاضر، مروری بر روش‌های بازیافت ضایعات بتنی می‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: در جستجوی اولیه مقالات، جمعاً 74 مقاله از سال 2005 تا 2022 میلادی یافت شد که پس از حذف موارد تکراری، این تعداد به 50 رسید. سپس در مرحلۀ غربالگری، عنوان و چکیده مقالات بررسی شد و در انتها، تعداد 28 مقاله باقی ماند. سپس برای دستیابی به مقالات مرتبط، متن کامل مقالات غربال‌شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و در نهایت، 22 مقاله باقی ماند که در مطالعه حاضر، استفاده شد.  یافته ها: سنگدانه‌های بازیافت‌شده، معمولاً کاربرد محدودی در صنعت ساخت‌وساز دارند؛ اما تکنولوژی‌های مورد بحث در این مطالعه، می‌توانند باعث افزایش کیفیت سنگدانه‌های بازیافت‌شده شوند و بنابراین می‌توان از این سنگدانه‌ها، در مصارف بهتر و بیشتری استفاده کرد. نتیجه گیری: برای پیشرفت امر بازیافت ضایعات ساختمانی، پیشنهادهایی؛ از جمله تخریب اصولی ساختمان‌ها، بازنگری در روش‌های ساخت‌وساز و تشویق به طراحی سازه‌ها در جهت پتانسیل‌های معماری بومی مطرح است. ابزار‌های اصلی برای رسیدن به این اهداف نیز؛ شامل حمایت دولت، افزایش آگاهی عمومی، تأسیس سیستم اداری برای مواد بازیافت‌شده، تصویب قوانین مربوطه و ابداع روش‌های ساخت‌وساز در جهت قابلیت‌های محلی می‌باشد. 2 Background: Construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are among the bulkiest municipal wastes which are often made of concrete. According to the high volume of these wastes, it is essential to use the recycling strategy to manage C&D wastes. Recycling has three major advantages to make CDW management more efficient, including; reducing the demand for natural resources, reducing the cost of energy production, and increasing the capacity of the landfills. According to this, the aim of current study is to review concrete waste recycling methods. Methods: In the initial search of articles, a total of 74 articles from 2005 to 2022 were found which was reduced to 50 after removing duplicates. Then, in the screening stage, the title and abstract of the articles were reviewed and at the end, 28 articles remained. Then, to obtain related articles, the full text of the screened articles was studied and finally, 22 articles remained which were used in the present study.. Results: Recycled aggregates usually have limited use in the construction industry; but the technologies discussed in this study can increase the quality of recycled aggregates and therefore these aggregates can be used in better and more applications. Conclusion: There are advantageous suggestions for the improvement of construction waste recycling including; the proper destruction of buildings, revision of construction methods, and encouragement to design structures based on native architectural potentials. The main ways to achieve these goals include; government support, raising public awareness, establishing an administrative system for recycled materials, approving relevant laws, and devising construction methods based on local capabilities. 130 145 2023/03/222023/03/152023/02/24 1401/12/5 2023/04/292023/04/302023/05/2 1402/2/12 مهدی رضایی Mahdi Rezaei گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران mahdirezaei1274@gmail.com مجید هاشمی Majid Hashemi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران mhashemi120@gmail.com Concrete waste recycling Construction waste Environmental effects بازیافت ضایعات بتنی ضایعات ساختمانی اثرات محیطی 1.Bu C, Liu L, Lu X, et al. The Durability of Recycled Fine Aggregate Concrete: A Review. Mater 2022; 15(3).##Lotfi S, Eggimann M, Wagner E, et al. Performance of recycled aggregate concrete based on a new concrete recycling technology. Constr Build Mater 2015;95: 243-56.##Xing W, Tam VWY, Le KN, et al. Life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete on its environmental impacts: A critical review. Constr Build Mater 2022;317: 125950.##Ho H-J, Iizuka A, Shibata E. Chemical recycling and use of various types of concrete waste: A review. J Clean Prod 2021;284: 124785.##DiMaio F, Rem P, Lofti S, et al. Cement and Clean Aggregates from CDW: The C2CA Project. 27th International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management2012. p. March 11-4, 2012.##Badraddin AK, Radzi AR, Almutairi S, Rahman RA. Critical Success Factors for Concrete Recycling in Construction Projects. Sustain 2022; 14(5).##de Andrade Salgado F, de Andrade Silva F. Recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste towards an application on structural concrete: A review. J Build Eng 2022;52: 104452.##Kelayeh IM, Mounesan AA, Siamardi K, Khodavirdi Zanjani MM. Waste Cement and Concrete Management as Cost-effective and Environment Friendly: Principles and Perpectives. The 3rd international conference on concrete and development; Tehran: undefined; 2009.##Kumbhar S, Gupta A, Desai D. Recycling and reuse of construction and demolition waste for sustainable development. Int J Sustain Dev 2013; 6(7): 83-92.##Jin R, Chen Q. Investigation of Concrete Recycling in the U.S. Construction Industry. Procedia Eng 2015;118: 894-901.##Tam VWY, Soomro M, Evangelista ACJ. A review of recycled aggregate in concrete applications (2000-2017). Constr Build Mater 2018;172: 272-92.##Saghafi M, H. Teshnizi ZS. Building Deconstruction and Material Recovery in Iran: An Analysis of Major Determinants. Procedia Eng 2011;21: 853-63.##Ai W, Liu H, Zhang J, et al. Research on crushing and recycling of waste concrete. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2020;446: 32-69.##1Noguchi T, Kitagaki R, Tsujino M. Minimizing environmental impact and maximizing performance in concrete recycling. Struct Concr 2011;12.##Kalinowska-Wichrowska K, Pawluczuk E, Bołtryk M. Waste-free technology for recycling concrete rubble. Constr Build Mater 2020;234: 117407.##Shima H, Tateyashiki H, Matsuhashi R, Yoshida Y. An Advanced Concrete Recycling Technology and its Applicability Assessment through Input-Output Analysis. J Adv Concr Technol 2005;3: 53-67.##Tam VWY. Chapter 24 - Recovery of Construction and Demolition Wastes. In: Worrell E, Reuter MA, editors. Handbook of Recycling. Boston: Elsevier; 2014. p. 385-96.##Dosho Y. Development of a Sustainable Concrete Waste Recycling System##Application of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Produced by Aggregate Replacing Method. J Adv Concr Technol 2007;5(1): 27-42.##Tsujino M, Noguchi T, Tamura M, et al. Application of Conventionally Recycled Coarse Aggregate to Concrete Structure by Surface Modification Treatment. J Adv Concr Technol 2007;5: 13-25.##2Zhu Z, Gu S, Tang Z, Song L. Experimental Study on Recycling of Waste Concrete Based on Geopolymer Technology: Towards a Sustainable Geoenvironment. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics. 12019. p. 336-43.##Heesup C, Lim M, Choi H, et al. Using Microwave Heating to Completely Recycle Concrete. J Environ Prot (Irvine, Calif) 2014;05: 583-96.##Tam VWY, Tam CM. Evaluations of existing waste recycling methods: A Hong Kong study. Build Environ 2006;41(12): 1649-60.##1.Bu C, Liu L, Lu X, et al. The Durability of Recycled Fine Aggregate Concrete: A Review. Mater 2022; 15(3).##Lotfi S, Eggimann M, Wagner E, et al. Performance of recycled aggregate concrete based on a new concrete recycling technology. Constr Build Mater 2015;95: 243-56.##Xing W, Tam VWY, Le KN, et al. Life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete on its environmental impacts: A critical review. Constr Build Mater 2022;317: 125950.##Ho H-J, Iizuka A, Shibata E. Chemical recycling and use of various types of concrete waste: A review. J Clean Prod 2021;284: 124785.##DiMaio F, Rem P, Lofti S, et al. Cement and Clean Aggregates from CDW: The C2CA Project. 27th International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management2012. p. March 11-4, 2012.##Badraddin AK, Radzi AR, Almutairi S, Rahman RA. Critical Success Factors for Concrete Recycling in Construction Projects. Sustain 2022; 14(5).##de Andrade Salgado F, de Andrade Silva F. Recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste towards an application on structural concrete: A review. J Build Eng 2022;52: 104452.##Kelayeh IM, Mounesan AA, Siamardi K, Khodavirdi Zanjani MM. Waste Cement and Concrete Management as Cost-effective and Environment Friendly: Principles and Perpectives. The 3rd international conference on concrete and development; Tehran: undefined; 2009.##Kumbhar S, Gupta A, Desai D. Recycling and reuse of construction and demolition waste for sustainable development. Int J Sustain Dev 2013; 6(7): 83-92.##Jin R, Chen Q. Investigation of Concrete Recycling in the U.S. Construction Industry. Procedia Eng 2015;118: 894-901.##Tam VWY, Soomro M, Evangelista ACJ. A review of recycled aggregate in concrete applications (2000-2017). Constr Build Mater 2018;172: 272-92.##Saghafi M, H. Teshnizi ZS. Building Deconstruction and Material Recovery in Iran: An Analysis of Major Determinants. Procedia Eng 2011;21: 853-63.##Ai W, Liu H, Zhang J, et al. Research on crushing and recycling of waste concrete. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2020;446: 32-69.##1Noguchi T, Kitagaki R, Tsujino M. Minimizing environmental impact and maximizing performance in concrete recycling. Struct Concr 2011;12.##Kalinowska-Wichrowska K, Pawluczuk E, Bołtryk M. Waste-free technology for recycling concrete rubble. Constr Build Mater 2020;234: 117407.##Shima H, Tateyashiki H, Matsuhashi R, Yoshida Y. An Advanced Concrete Recycling Technology and its Applicability Assessment through Input-Output Analysis. J Adv Concr Technol 2005;3: 53-67.##Tam VWY. Chapter 24 - Recovery of Construction and Demolition Wastes. In: Worrell E, Reuter MA, editors. Handbook of Recycling. Boston: Elsevier; 2014. p. 385-96.##Dosho Y. Development of a Sustainable Concrete Waste Recycling System##Application of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Produced by Aggregate Replacing Method. J Adv Concr Technol 2007;5(1): 27-42.##Tsujino M, Noguchi T, Tamura M, et al. Application of Conventionally Recycled Coarse Aggregate to Concrete Structure by Surface Modification Treatment. J Adv Concr Technol 2007;5: 13-25.##2Zhu Z, Gu S, Tang Z, Song L. Experimental Study on Recycling of Waste Concrete Based on Geopolymer Technology: Towards a Sustainable Geoenvironment. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics. 12019. p. 336-43.##Heesup C, Lim M, Choi H, et al. Using Microwave Heating to Completely Recycle Concrete. J Environ Prot (Irvine, Calif) 2014;05: 583-96.##Tam VWY, Tam CM. Evaluations of existing waste recycling methods: A Hong Kong study. Build Environ 2006;41(12): 1649-60.## ##

ارزیابی آلودگی منابع آب زیرزمینی به عناصر بالقوه سمی با استفاده از شاخص‌های کیفی MI و PoS (مورد مطالعه: شهر سنقر) Assessment of Potentially Toxic Element Pollution in Groundwater Resources Using MI and PoS Indices (Case Study: City of Sonqor) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ارزیابی کیفی منابع آب­ زیر­زمینی به‌ویژه در نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان از جمله ایران که به‌طور تقریبی %90 آب­ مورد نیاز آن‌ها برای مصارف گوناگون از منابع آب­ زیر­زمینی تأمین می­شود، از اهمیتی بسزا برخوردار است. لذا، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی آلودگی منابع آب زیرزمینی شهر سنقر به عناصر آرسنیک، سرب، کادمیم و مس با استفاده از شاخص‌های کیفی MI وPoS  در طی فصول تابستان و پاییز سال 1401 انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور ارزیابی کیفی منابع آب­ زیر­زمینی، در اواسط فصول تابستان و پاییز از 12 حلقه چاه تامین کننده آب شرب شهر سنقر در مجموع 36 نمونه مرکب آب زیرزمینی برداشت و مقادیر پارامترهای pH، EC، TDS و دما در محل اندازه­گیری شدند. پس از آن و با انجام مراحل آماده­سازی آزمایشگاهی، غلظت عناصر در نمونه­ها به‌روش طیف‏سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت‌شده القایی خوانده شدند. کیفیت آب با استفاده از شاخص‌های MI وPoS ارزیابی شده و داده­ها نیز با استفاده از نرم­افزار آماری SPSS مورد پردازش قرار گرفتند.  یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین غلظت عناصر آرسنیک، سرب، کادمیم و مس در نمونه­های آب فصل تابستان به‌ترتیب برابر با 22/4، 125/0، 387/0 و 598/0 میکروگرم در لیتر و در نمونه­های آب فصل پاییز (میکروگرم در لیتر) نیز به‌ترتیب برابر با 98/2، 137/0، 213/0 و 610/0 و در هر دو فصل کوچک‌تر از بیشینه رواداری WHO، EPA و سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست ایران بوده است. به‌علاوه، میانگین مقادیر شاخص­های MI و PoS در فصل تابستان با 00/1 و 203 به­ترتیب بیان‌گر سطوح کیفی "تحت تاثیر اندک" و "آلودگی اندک" و در فصل پاییز نیز با 830/0 و 144 به­ترتیب بیان‌گر سطوح کیفی "پاک" و "پاک-آلودگی حداقل" بود. نتیجه گیری: با استناد به یافته‌ها، گرچه در زمان اجرای مطالعه منابع آب زیرزمینی شهر سنقر در معرض آلودگی بیش‌تر از حد مجاز به عناصر بالقوه سمی نبوده است، ولی با استفاده بی‌رویه از نهاده‌های کشاورزی و به‌ویژه کودهای شیمیایی فسفاته و ازته و سموم شیمیایی با پایه فلزی توسط کشاورزان، امکان افزایش غلظت انواع فلزات سنگین در خاک و نفوذ آن‌ها به سفره‌های آب زیرزمینی در اثر روان‌شویی ناشی از آبیاری و  نزولات جوی در میان‌‌مدت دور از انتظار نخواهد بود. از این‌رو، برای حفظ سلامت مصرف‌کنندگان، نسبت به پایش و ارزیابی کیفی دوره‌ای و منظم منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقه مورد مطالعه توصیه می‌شود. 2 Background & Objective: In the dry and semi dry regions of the world, due to almost 90% of their required water is provided from groundwater resources, these resources are vital. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment of potentially toxic elements (As, Pb, Cd and Cu) pollution in groundwater resources of city of Sonqor, Kermansah Province, west of Iran in 2022 using MI and PoS indices. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 36 groundwater samples were collected randomly from 12 sampling sites during summer and autumn seasons. The value of some qualitative parameters including T, pH, EC and TDS were determined insitu. After samples preparation, the contents of As, Pb, Cd and Cu were determined using ICP-OES. Also, the metal (MI) and the PoS indices were computed for qualitative assessment of groundwater resources. Moreover, all statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 19.0 Results: Based on the results obtained, the mean contents of the analyzed elements (µg/l) in groundwater samples collected in the summer season were found to be 4.22 for As, 0.125 for Pb, 0.387 for Cd and 0.598 for Cu, while the mean levels of As, Pb, Cd and Cu in groundwater samples of the autumn season were 2.98, 0.137, 0.213 and 0.610, respectively. Also, in comparison, the mean concentrations of the analyzed elements in the groundwater samples of both seasons were lower than the maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) established by WHO, EPA and Iran DOE. Besides, the MI and PoS indices of the summer season with mean values of 1.00 and 203, respectively, showed that the quality of groundwater resources of the study area was classified as 'slightly affected' and 'low quality degradation level'. Whereas, in the autumn season the mean values of MI with 0.830 and PoS with 144, showed that the quality of groundwater resources of the study area was classified as 'pure' and 'none–low quality degradation level', respectively. Conclusion: Although based on the findings, the quality of the groundwater resources of the study area was desirable during the implementation of this research, the overuse of agricultural inputs particularly phosphorus and urea fertilizers and also heavy metal-based pesticides (e.g. arsenical pesticides/herbicides), could be pose to decrease of the quality of groundwater resources, and cause irreversible damages in this area. Therefore, regular and periodic monitoring of groundwater quality for environmental and human health maintenance is recommended.   146 162 2023/03/222023/03/152023/02/242023/03/13 1401/12/22 2023/04/292023/04/302023/05/22023/04/9 1402/1/20 هادی امجدیان Hadi Amjadian دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhan Ardakani استاد علوم محیط‌زیست، گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir Water pollution Qualitative assessment Maximum permissible concentrations Potentially toxic elements Sonqor آلودگی آب ارزیابی کیفی بیشینه رواداری عناصر بالقوه سمی سنقر Sobhanardakani S, Razban S, Maànijou M. Evaluation of concentration of some heavy metals in ground water resources of Qahavand Plain-Hamedan. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2014;18(6):339-48 (In Persian).##Ghobadi A, Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics, temporal and spatial variations for evaluation of groundwater quality of Hamedan-Bahar Plain as a major agricultural region, west of Iran. Environ Earth Sci 2020;79:428.##Alizamir M, Sobhanardakani S. An artificial neural network - particle swarm optimization (ANN- PSO) approach to predict heavy metals contamination in groundwater resources. Jundishapur J Health Sci 2018;10(2):e67544.##Ghobadi A, Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, et al. Groundwater quality modeling using a novel hybrid data-intelligence model based on Grey wolf optimization algorithm and multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network, Case study: Asadabad plain, Hamedan, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2022;29(6):8716-30.##Rezaei Raja O, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M. Health risk assessment of citrus contaminated with heavy metals in Hamedan City, potential risk of Al and Cu. Environ Health Eng Manage J 2016;3(3):131-5.##Selahvarzi S, Sobhanardakani S. Analysis and health risk assessment of toxic (Cd and Pb) and essential (Cu and Zn) elements through consumption of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivated in Iran. Int J Environ Anal Chem 2022;102(18):6310-20.##Tasleem Jan A, Azam M, Siddiqui K, et al. Heavy metals and human health: mechanistic insight into toxicity and counter defense system of antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16(12):29592–630.##Sobhanardakani S. Health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic through groundwater drinking pathway in some agricultural districts of Hamedan, west of Iran. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng 2018;5(2):73-7.##Sobhanardakani S, Jafari SM. Assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in different tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caught from Shirinsu Wetland, Western Iran. J Chem Health Risk 2014;4(2):47-54.##Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, Zandipak R, et al. Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using waste tea leaves. Iran J Toxicol 2015;9(28):1247-53.##Muhammad S., Tahir Shah M, Khan S. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Microchem J 2011;98(2):334-43.##Sobhanardakani S, Maanijou M, Asadi H. Investigation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mg concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain. Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2015;21(4):319-29 (In Persian).##Özcan MM, AL Juhaimi FY. Determination of heavy metals in bee honey with connected and not connected metal wires using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). Environ Monit Assess 2012;184:2373-5.##Sobhanardakani S, Jafari SM. Heavy metals contamination in silver, common and grass carp caught from Zarivar Lake, western Iran. Eur Online J Nat Soc Sci 2014;3(2):344-50.##Hosseini SV, Sobhanardakani S, Kolangi Miandare H, et al. Determination of toxic (Pb, Cd) and essential (Zn, Mn) metals in canned tuna fish produced in Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015;13: 59.##Bakirdere S, Yaman M. Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 2008;136(1-3):401-10.##Sobhanardakani S. Evaluation of the water quality pollution indices for groundwater resources of Ghahavand Plain, Hamedan Province, western Iran. Iran J Toxicol 2016;10(3):35-40.##Davodpour R, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) as a potential bioindicator for detection of toxic and essential elements in the environment (Case study: Markazi Province, Iran). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2019;77(3):344-58.##Jalali M, Merrikhpour H. Effects of poor quality irrigation waters on the nutrient leaching and groundwater quality from sandy soil. Environ Geol 2008;53(6):1289-98##Nazari S, Sobhanardakani S. Assessment of pollution index of heavy metals in groundwater resources of Qaleh Shahin plain (2013-2014). J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2015;19(2):102-08 (In Persian).##Nasirahmadi K, Yousefi Z, Tarassoli A. Zoning of water quality on Haraz river bases on National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2012;22(92):64-71 (In Persian).##Salari M, Radmanesh F, Zarei H. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of Karoon River water using NSFWQI index and AHP method. Human Environ 2013;23:13-22 (In Persian).##Kazemi P, Shariati F, Keshavars Shokri A. Langroud River water quality assessment using NSFWQI qualitative indicators. Environ Sci 2018;16(3):65-78 (In Persian).##Karbassi AR, Mir Mohammad Hosseini F, Baghvand A, et al. Development of Water Quality Index (WQI) for Gorganrood River. Int J Environ Res 2011;5(4):1041-6.##Tziritis E, Panagopoulos A, Arampatzis G. Development of an operational index of water quality (PoS) as a versatile tool to assist groundwater resources management and strategic planning. J Hydrol 2014;517:339-50.##Khoshnam Z, Sarikhani R, Ghassemi Dehnavi A, et al. Evaluation of water quality using heavy metal index and multivariate statistical analysis in Lorestan Province, Iran. J Adv Environ Health Res 2017;5:29-37.##Sobhanardakani S. Assessing of As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn contamination in groundwater resources of Razan Plain using water quality pollution indices. J Neyshabur Univ Med Sci 2017;4(4):33-45 (In Persian).##Bahrami F, Dastourani M. Quality assessment of groundwater in the plain of Sarayan using water quality index (WQI). Iran J Irrig Drain 2019;13(4):1064-74 (In Persian).##Torabipoudeh H, Yonesi H, Haghizadeh A, et al. Assessment of groundwater quality changes and evaluation of IRWQIGC in Lenjanat-Najafabad Aquifers area. Desert Ecosys Eng J 2020;8(25):53-66 (In Persian).##Rahimi M, Besharat S, Verdinejad V. Quality evaluation of groundwater resources of Ardabil aquifer for agricultural and drinking uses. Environ Water Eng 2017;2(4):360-75 (In Persian).##Nejatijahromi Z, Nassery H, Nakhaei M, et al. Assessment of the quality of groundwater for drinking purposes in Varamin aquifer: heavy metals contamination. Iran J Health Environ 2018;10(4): 559-72 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Nazari S. Assessment of Pb and Cd pollution in groundwater resources of Qaleeh Shahin Plain using Heavy Metal Pollution Index in 2014. J Health Sys Res 2016;12(3):300-06 (In Persian).##Asghari Moghaddam A, Javanmard Z, Vadiati M, et al. Evaluating the quality of Mehraban Plain groundwater resources using GQI and FGQI methods. Hydrogeomorphology 2018;1(2):79-98 (In Persian).##Honarbakhsh A, Tahmoures M, Tashayo B, et al. GIS-based assessment of groundwater quality for drinking purpose in northern part of Fars province, Marvdasht. J Water Suppl Res Technol-Aqua 2019;68(3):187-96.##Sobhanardakani S, Taghavi L, Shahmoradi B, et al. Groundwater quality assessment using the water quality pollution indices in Toyserkan Plain. Environ Health Eng Manage J 2017;4(1):21-7.##Sobhanardakani S, Yari AR, Taghavi L, et al. Water quality pollution indices to assess the heavy metal contamination, Case study: Groundwater resources of Asadabad Plain in 2012. Arch Hyg Sci 2016;5(4):221-8.##Sobhanardakani S. Evaluation of the water quality pollution indices for groundwater resources of Ghahavand Plain, Hamedan Province, western Iran. Iran J Toxicol 2016;10(3):35-40.##Yari AR, Sobhanardakani S. Water quality assessment of groundwater resources in Qaleeh Shahin Plain based on Cd and HEI. Int Arch Health Sci 2016;3(3):101-06.##Hosseinpour Moghaddam M, Lashkaripour GR, Dehghan P. Assessing the effect of heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, As, Cu, Cr) on the quality of adjacent groundwater resources of Khorasan steel complex. Int J Plant Anim Environ Sci 2014;4(2):511-18.##Shafavi F, Sobhanardakani S. Groundwater quality assessment using MI and PoS indices in Razan Watershed, Hamedan, Iran. Environ Water Eng 2020;6(3):258-73 (In Persian).##Ghobadi A, Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, et al. Qualitative assessment of groundwater resources of Asadabad Plain using WQI, Cd, HPI, HEI, PoS and MI indices in 2018. J Environ Health Eng 2021;9(1):1-21 (In Persian).##Lou S, Liu S, Dai C, et al. Heavy metal distribution and groundwater quality assessment for a coastal area on a Chinese island. Pol J Environ Stud 2017;26(2):733-45.##Abou Zakhem B, Hafez R. Heavy metal pollution index for groundwater quality assessment in Damascus Oasis, Syria. Environ Earth Sci 2015;73:6591-6600.##Binay PP, Prasoon KS, Ashwani KT, et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution index for groundwater around Jharia coalfield region, India. J Biodivers Environ Sci 2015;6(3):33-9.##Prasad B, Kumari P, Bano S, et al. Ground water quality evaluation near mining area and development of heavy metal pollution index. Appl Water Sci 2014;4:11-7.##Maria-Alexandra H, Roman C, Ristoiu D, et al. Assessing of water quality pollution Indices for hevay metal contamination. A study case from Medias City groundwaters. Agr Sci Pract 2013;3-4: 25-31.##Nalawade PM, Bholay AD, Mule MB. Assessment of groundwater and surface water quality indices for heavy metals nearby area of Parli Thermal Power Plant. Univers J Environ Res Technol 2012;2(1):47-51.##Prasad B, Sangita K. Hevay Metal Pollution Index of ground water of an abandoned open cast mine filled with fly Ash: a case study. Mine Water Environ 2008;27(4):265-7.##Prasad B, Bose JM. Evalution of the heavy metal pollution index for surface and spring water near a Limeston mining area of the lower Himalayas. Environ Geol 2001;41(1-2):183-8.##Malekei A, Gorbanpoor A. Regionalization of landslide hazard of Charmaleh Basin, Songor division, Kermanshah Province. Geogr Develop 2008;6(12):181-98 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Jamali M, Maanijou M. Evaluation of As, Zn, Cr and Mn concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain and preparation of zoning map using GIS. J Environ Sci Technol 2014;16(261):25-38 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Talebiani S, Maanijou M. Evaluation of As, Zn, Pb and Cu concentrations in groundwater resources of Toyserkan Plain and preparing the zoning map using GIS. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2014;24(114):120-30 (In Persian).##World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Fourth Edition, 2011;564 pp.##Keyvani N. Environmental Criterias and Standards in the Field of Human Environment. Department of the Environment of Iran Publication. 2004;158 pp (In Persian).##Geen V, Zheng Y, Versteeg R. Spatial variability of arsenic in 6000 tube wells in a 25 km2 area in Bangeladesh. Water Res Res 2003;39(5):1140-56.##Akbari V. Petrology of Metamorphic Rocks of North of Sonqor. Jaliz Publications, 2019;104 pp (In Persian).##Setareh P, Rezaei M, Hassani AH, et al. Distribution of groundwater nitrate contamination in GIS environment: A case study, Sonqor plain. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2014;18(3):157-64 (In Persian).##Tahmasian S, Khani Temeliyeh Z, Behmanesh J. Evaluation of groundwater quality of Khorramabad Plain. 2018;3(4):341-52 (In Persian).##Oliaei MS, Barikloo A. Assessment of heavy metal's health risk in underground water resources (case study some parts of northeastern villages of Mahneshan city, Dandi region, Zanjan provience). Geography (Region Plan) 2018;8(3):41-51 (In Persian).##Wangstrand H, Eriksson J, Born V. Cadmium concentration in winter wheat as affected by nitrogen fertilization. J Agron 2007;26:209-14.##Mitchell L, Grant C, Racz G. Effect of nitrogen application on concentration of cadmium and nutrient ions in soil solution and in durum wheat. Canad J Soil Sci 2000;80:107-15.##Lorenz SE, Hamon RE, McGrath SP, et al. Application of fertilizer cations affect cadmium and zinc concentrations in soil solutions and uptake by plants. Eur J Soil Sci 1994;45:159-65.##Roy S, Gupta SK, Prakash J, et al. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in road dust in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2019;26(29): 30413-30425.##Wang H-Z, Cai L-M, Wang Q-S, et al. A comprehensive exploration of risk assessment and source quantification of potentially toxic elements in road dust: A case study from a large Cu smelter in central China. Catena 2021;196:104930.##Hassanzadeh R, Abbasnejad A, Hamzeh MA. Assessment of groundwater pollution in Kerman urban areas. Environ Stud 2011;36(56):101-10 (In Persian).##Mohammadi M, Mohammadi Ghaleney M, Ebrahimi K. Spatial and temporal variations of groundwater quality of Qazvin plain. Iran Water Res J 2011;5(8):41-52 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Razban S, Maànijou M. Evaluation of concentration of some heavy metals in ground water resources of Qahavand Plain-Hamedan. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2014;18(6):339-48 (In Persian).##Ghobadi A, Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics, temporal and spatial variations for evaluation of groundwater quality of Hamedan-Bahar Plain as a major agricultural region, west of Iran. Environ Earth Sci 2020;79:428.##Alizamir M, Sobhanardakani S. An artificial neural network - particle swarm optimization (ANN- PSO) approach to predict heavy metals contamination in groundwater resources. Jundishapur J Health Sci 2018;10(2):e67544.##Ghobadi A, Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, et al. Groundwater quality modeling using a novel hybrid data-intelligence model based on Grey wolf optimization algorithm and multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network, Case study: Asadabad plain, Hamedan, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2022;29(6):8716-30.##Rezaei Raja O, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M. Health risk assessment of citrus contaminated with heavy metals in Hamedan City, potential risk of Al and Cu. Environ Health Eng Manage J 2016;3(3):131-5.##Selahvarzi S, Sobhanardakani S. Analysis and health risk assessment of toxic (Cd and Pb) and essential (Cu and Zn) elements through consumption of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivated in Iran. Int J Environ Anal Chem 2022;102(18):6310-20.##Tasleem Jan A, Azam M, Siddiqui K, et al. Heavy metals and human health: mechanistic insight into toxicity and counter defense system of antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2015;16(12):29592–630.##Sobhanardakani S. Health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic through groundwater drinking pathway in some agricultural districts of Hamedan, west of Iran. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng 2018;5(2):73-7.##Sobhanardakani S, Jafari SM. Assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in different tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) caught from Shirinsu Wetland, Western Iran. J Chem Health Risk 2014;4(2):47-54.##Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, Zandipak R, et al. Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using waste tea leaves. Iran J Toxicol 2015;9(28):1247-53.##Muhammad S., Tahir Shah M, Khan S. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and their source apportionment in drinking water of Kohistan region, northern Pakistan. Microchem J 2011;98(2):334-43.##Sobhanardakani S, Maanijou M, Asadi H. Investigation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mg concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain. Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2015;21(4):319-29 (In Persian).##Özcan MM, AL Juhaimi FY. Determination of heavy metals in bee honey with connected and not connected metal wires using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). Environ Monit Assess 2012;184:2373-5.##Sobhanardakani S, Jafari SM. Heavy metals contamination in silver, common and grass carp caught from Zarivar Lake, western Iran. Eur Online J Nat Soc Sci 2014;3(2):344-50.##Hosseini SV, Sobhanardakani S, Kolangi Miandare H, et al. Determination of toxic (Pb, Cd) and essential (Zn, Mn) metals in canned tuna fish produced in Iran. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015;13: 59.##Bakirdere S, Yaman M. Determination of lead, cadmium and copper in roadside soil and plants in Elazig, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 2008;136(1-3):401-10.##Sobhanardakani S. Evaluation of the water quality pollution indices for groundwater resources of Ghahavand Plain, Hamedan Province, western Iran. Iran J Toxicol 2016;10(3):35-40.##Davodpour R, Sobhanardakani S, Cheraghi M, et al. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) as a potential bioindicator for detection of toxic and essential elements in the environment (Case study: Markazi Province, Iran). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2019;77(3):344-58.##Jalali M, Merrikhpour H. Effects of poor quality irrigation waters on the nutrient leaching and groundwater quality from sandy soil. Environ Geol 2008;53(6):1289-98##Nazari S, Sobhanardakani S. Assessment of pollution index of heavy metals in groundwater resources of Qaleh Shahin plain (2013-2014). J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2015;19(2):102-08 (In Persian).##Nasirahmadi K, Yousefi Z, Tarassoli A. Zoning of water quality on Haraz river bases on National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2012;22(92):64-71 (In Persian).##Salari M, Radmanesh F, Zarei H. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of Karoon River water using NSFWQI index and AHP method. Human Environ 2013;23:13-22 (In Persian).##Kazemi P, Shariati F, Keshavars Shokri A. Langroud River water quality assessment using NSFWQI qualitative indicators. Environ Sci 2018;16(3):65-78 (In Persian).##Karbassi AR, Mir Mohammad Hosseini F, Baghvand A, et al. Development of Water Quality Index (WQI) for Gorganrood River. Int J Environ Res 2011;5(4):1041-6.##Tziritis E, Panagopoulos A, Arampatzis G. Development of an operational index of water quality (PoS) as a versatile tool to assist groundwater resources management and strategic planning. J Hydrol 2014;517:339-50.##Khoshnam Z, Sarikhani R, Ghassemi Dehnavi A, et al. Evaluation of water quality using heavy metal index and multivariate statistical analysis in Lorestan Province, Iran. J Adv Environ Health Res 2017;5:29-37.##Sobhanardakani S. Assessing of As, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn contamination in groundwater resources of Razan Plain using water quality pollution indices. J Neyshabur Univ Med Sci 2017;4(4):33-45 (In Persian).##Bahrami F, Dastourani M. Quality assessment of groundwater in the plain of Sarayan using water quality index (WQI). Iran J Irrig Drain 2019;13(4):1064-74 (In Persian).##Torabipoudeh H, Yonesi H, Haghizadeh A, et al. Assessment of groundwater quality changes and evaluation of IRWQIGC in Lenjanat-Najafabad Aquifers area. Desert Ecosys Eng J 2020;8(25):53-66 (In Persian).##Rahimi M, Besharat S, Verdinejad V. Quality evaluation of groundwater resources of Ardabil aquifer for agricultural and drinking uses. Environ Water Eng 2017;2(4):360-75 (In Persian).##Nejatijahromi Z, Nassery H, Nakhaei M, et al. Assessment of the quality of groundwater for drinking purposes in Varamin aquifer: heavy metals contamination. Iran J Health Environ 2018;10(4): 559-72 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Nazari S. Assessment of Pb and Cd pollution in groundwater resources of Qaleeh Shahin Plain using Heavy Metal Pollution Index in 2014. J Health Sys Res 2016;12(3):300-06 (In Persian).##Asghari Moghaddam A, Javanmard Z, Vadiati M, et al. Evaluating the quality of Mehraban Plain groundwater resources using GQI and FGQI methods. Hydrogeomorphology 2018;1(2):79-98 (In Persian).##Honarbakhsh A, Tahmoures M, Tashayo B, et al. GIS-based assessment of groundwater quality for drinking purpose in northern part of Fars province, Marvdasht. J Water Suppl Res Technol-Aqua 2019;68(3):187-96.##Sobhanardakani S, Taghavi L, Shahmoradi B, et al. Groundwater quality assessment using the water quality pollution indices in Toyserkan Plain. Environ Health Eng Manage J 2017;4(1):21-7.##Sobhanardakani S, Yari AR, Taghavi L, et al. Water quality pollution indices to assess the heavy metal contamination, Case study: Groundwater resources of Asadabad Plain in 2012. Arch Hyg Sci 2016;5(4):221-8.##Sobhanardakani S. Evaluation of the water quality pollution indices for groundwater resources of Ghahavand Plain, Hamedan Province, western Iran. Iran J Toxicol 2016;10(3):35-40.##Yari AR, Sobhanardakani S. Water quality assessment of groundwater resources in Qaleeh Shahin Plain based on Cd and HEI. Int Arch Health Sci 2016;3(3):101-06.##Hosseinpour Moghaddam M, Lashkaripour GR, Dehghan P. Assessing the effect of heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, As, Cu, Cr) on the quality of adjacent groundwater resources of Khorasan steel complex. Int J Plant Anim Environ Sci 2014;4(2):511-18.##Shafavi F, Sobhanardakani S. Groundwater quality assessment using MI and PoS indices in Razan Watershed, Hamedan, Iran. Environ Water Eng 2020;6(3):258-73 (In Persian).##Ghobadi A, Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, et al. Qualitative assessment of groundwater resources of Asadabad Plain using WQI, Cd, HPI, HEI, PoS and MI indices in 2018. J Environ Health Eng 2021;9(1):1-21 (In Persian).##Lou S, Liu S, Dai C, et al. Heavy metal distribution and groundwater quality assessment for a coastal area on a Chinese island. Pol J Environ Stud 2017;26(2):733-45.##Abou Zakhem B, Hafez R. Heavy metal pollution index for groundwater quality assessment in Damascus Oasis, Syria. Environ Earth Sci 2015;73:6591-6600.##Binay PP, Prasoon KS, Ashwani KT, et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution index for groundwater around Jharia coalfield region, India. J Biodivers Environ Sci 2015;6(3):33-9.##Prasad B, Kumari P, Bano S, et al. Ground water quality evaluation near mining area and development of heavy metal pollution index. Appl Water Sci 2014;4:11-7.##Maria-Alexandra H, Roman C, Ristoiu D, et al. Assessing of water quality pollution Indices for hevay metal contamination. A study case from Medias City groundwaters. Agr Sci Pract 2013;3-4: 25-31.##Nalawade PM, Bholay AD, Mule MB. Assessment of groundwater and surface water quality indices for heavy metals nearby area of Parli Thermal Power Plant. Univers J Environ Res Technol 2012;2(1):47-51.##Prasad B, Sangita K. Hevay Metal Pollution Index of ground water of an abandoned open cast mine filled with fly Ash: a case study. Mine Water Environ 2008;27(4):265-7.##Prasad B, Bose JM. Evalution of the heavy metal pollution index for surface and spring water near a Limeston mining area of the lower Himalayas. Environ Geol 2001;41(1-2):183-8.##Malekei A, Gorbanpoor A. Regionalization of landslide hazard of Charmaleh Basin, Songor division, Kermanshah Province. Geogr Develop 2008;6(12):181-98 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Jamali M, Maanijou M. Evaluation of As, Zn, Cr and Mn concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain and preparation of zoning map using GIS. J Environ Sci Technol 2014;16(261):25-38 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakani S, Talebiani S, Maanijou M. Evaluation of As, Zn, Pb and Cu concentrations in groundwater resources of Toyserkan Plain and preparing the zoning map using GIS. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2014;24(114):120-30 (In Persian).##World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Fourth Edition, 2011;564 pp.##Keyvani N. Environmental Criterias and Standards in the Field of Human Environment. Department of the Environment of Iran Publication. 2004;158 pp (In Persian).##Geen V, Zheng Y, Versteeg R. Spatial variability of arsenic in 6000 tube wells in a 25 km2 area in Bangeladesh. Water Res Res 2003;39(5):1140-56.##Akbari V. Petrology of Metamorphic Rocks of North of Sonqor. Jaliz Publications, 2019;104 pp (In Persian).##Setareh P, Rezaei M, Hassani AH, et al. Distribution of groundwater nitrate contamination in GIS environment: A case study, Sonqor plain. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2014;18(3):157-64 (In Persian).##Tahmasian S, Khani Temeliyeh Z, Behmanesh J. Evaluation of groundwater quality of Khorramabad Plain. 2018;3(4):341-52 (In Persian).##Oliaei MS, Barikloo A. Assessment of heavy metal's health risk in underground water resources (case study some parts of northeastern villages of Mahneshan city, Dandi region, Zanjan provience). Geography (Region Plan) 2018;8(3):41-51 (In Persian).##Wangstrand H, Eriksson J, Born V. Cadmium concentration in winter wheat as affected by nitrogen fertilization. J Agron 2007;26:209-14.##Mitchell L, Grant C, Racz G. Effect of nitrogen application on concentration of cadmium and nutrient ions in soil solution and in durum wheat. Canad J Soil Sci 2000;80:107-15.##Lorenz SE, Hamon RE, McGrath SP, et al. Application of fertilizer cations affect cadmium and zinc concentrations in soil solutions and uptake by plants. Eur J Soil Sci 1994;45:159-65.##Roy S, Gupta SK, Prakash J, et al. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in road dust in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2019;26(29): 30413-30425.##Wang H-Z, Cai L-M, Wang Q-S, et al. A comprehensive exploration of risk assessment and source quantification of potentially toxic elements in road dust: A case study from a large Cu smelter in central China. Catena 2021;196:104930.##Hassanzadeh R, Abbasnejad A, Hamzeh MA. Assessment of groundwater pollution in Kerman urban areas. Environ Stud 2011;36(56):101-10 (In Persian).##Mohammadi M, Mohammadi Ghaleney M, Ebrahimi K. Spatial and temporal variations of groundwater quality of Qazvin plain. Iran Water Res J 2011;5(8):41-52 (In Persian).## ##

بررسی تولید ورمی کمپوست از پسماند کشاورزی و کود گوسفندی Investigating vermicompost production from agricultural waste and sheep manure 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ورمی کمپوست یک فن­آوری امید بخش، مقرون‌ به‌ صرفه و دوستدار محیط زیست در مدیریت پسماندهای آلی می باشد. دراین مطالعه  تولید ورمی کمپوست با استفاده از کرم خاکی ایزنیافوئتیدا از پسماندهای کشاورزی و کود گوسفندی بررسی شده است. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه از پسماندهای کود گوسفندی، کاه و برگ انگور در نسبت های مختلف جهت تولید ورمی کمپوست استفاده گردید. از جعبه های پلاستیکی منفذ دار جهت حمایت از رشد کرم های خاکی استفاده شد. بعد از تنظیم نسبت های مختلف از این پسماندها، رطوبت آنها تنظیم شده و به هر جعبه تعدادی کرم خاکی گونه ایزینیا فتیدا معرفی گردید. پارامترهای pH و EC به صورت دو هفته یکبار و نسبت C/N  سه دفعه در طول مدت آزمایش اندازه گیری شد. مدت آزمایش 120 روز بود.  از آزمون های آنالیز واریانس جهت  مقایسه میانگین داده ها و از پس آزمون های توکی  و کروسکال والیس جهت شناسایی منبع اختلاف در متغیرهای نامبرده استفاده شد.  یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که pH در طول فرایند روند افزایشی داشته و در انتهای فرایند مجددا تمایل به اسیدی شدن داشت. بیشترین میزان کاهش C/N  و بیشترین میزان افزایش EC در بستر 100 درصد کود گوسفندی (b1) و کمترین میزان کاهش C/N در بستر 100 درصد کاه (b6) مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری: استفاده از ورمی کمپوست در مدیریت پسماندها موثر است. استفاده از کود گوسفندی در ترکیب با سایر پسماندها جهت تولید کود با کیفیت و افزایش سرعت تولید ورمی کمپوست توصیه می شود. 2 Background & Objective: Vermicomposting is a promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technology in organic waste management. In this study, the production of vermicompost by Eisenia Foetida earthworm from agricultural residues and sheep manure has been discussed. Materials and methods: In this study, sheep manure, straw and grape leaves wastes were used in different proportions to produce vermicompost. Perforated plastic boxes were used to support the growth of earthworms. After adjusted different proportions of these residues, their humidity was controlled and a number of earthworms of Eisenia Foetida species were introduced to each box. The pH and EC parameters were measured every two weeks and C/N ratio three times during the experiment. The duration of experiment was 120 days. The ANOVA test was used to compare the averages and Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis post-tests were also used to identify the source of differences in the mentioned variables. Findings: The results showed that the pH increased during vermicomposting process and was acidic again at the end of the process. The highest C/N decrease ratio and the highest EC increase were observed in the 100% sheep manure bed (b1) and the lowest C/N decrease was observed in the 100% straw bed (b6). Conclusion: Using vermicomposting is effective in waste management. It is recommended to use sheep manure in combination with other wastes to produce high quality fertilizer as well as increase the rate of vermicomposting process.   163 172 2023/03/222023/03/152023/02/242023/03/132023/03/13 1401/12/22 2023/04/292023/04/302023/05/22023/04/92023/06/18 1402/3/28 محمد امین کرمی Mohammad Amin Karami مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط- گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط- دانشکده بهداشت و تغذیه- دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان- خرم آباد- ایران ایران Karami.mohammadamin@yahoo.com بهرام کمره یی Bahram Kamarehie مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط- گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط- دانشکده بهداشت و تغذیه- دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان- خرم آباد- ایران ایران مهدیه فرهادیان Mahdieh Farhadian مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط- گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط- دانشکده بهداشت و تغذیه- دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان- خرم آباد- ایران ایران فرامرز عظیمی Faramarz Azimi مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط- گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط- دانشکده بهداشت و تغذیه- دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان- خرم آباد- ایران ایران Fazimi_Lums@yahoo.com Waste Earthworm Electrical conductivity Vermicompost. پسماند کرم خاکی هدایت الکتریکی ورمی کمپوست Kamarehie B, Jafari A, Ghaderpoori M, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of municipal solid waste in Iran for implementation of best waste management practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020;27: 37514-26.##Izadi F, Karimian AA, Sodayizadeh H. Investiga-tion about Environmental Awareness of Rural Students and its Correlation with Awareness of Their Parents and Teachers, Case study: Students in Secondary School of Villages in Jey Distric, Esfa-han. Journal of rural research 2013;4(4): 777-92.##Hasan H, editor Agricultural waste recycling: (case study: Shahniya Village). The First National##Conference on Environmental Protection and Planning; 2012; Hamedan: Islamic Azad University of Hamedan Branch.##shams A. Studying the effect of rural people' know-ledge on their behavior about final agricultural waste disposal (Case study: Qazvin Township). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2017;48(3): 465-75.##Rafiee R, SALMAN MA, Khorasani N. Enviro-nmental life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management system (case study: Mashad city). 2009.##Dada EO, Akinola MO, Owa SO, et al. Efficacy of vermiremediation to remove contaminants from soil. Journal of Health and Pollution 2021;11(29).##Giwa AS, Ndungutse JM, Li Y, et al. Modification of biochar with Fe3O4 and humic acid-salt for removal of mercury from aqueous solutions: a review. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavail-ability 2022;34(1): 352-64.##Singh S, Sinha RK. Vermicomposting of organic wastes by earthworms: Making wealth from waste by converting 'garbage into gold'for farmers. Advanced Organic Waste Management: Elsevier; 2022. p. 93-120.##Huang K, Xia H, Cui G, Bhat SA. Current pro-blems of vermistabilization as a sustainable strategy for recycling of excess sludge. Advanced Organic Waste Management: Elsevier; 2022. p. 121-31.##Zarrabi M, Mohammadi AA, Al-Musawi TJ, Najafi Saleh H. Using natural clinoptilolite zeolite as an amendment in vermicomposting of food waste. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018;25: 23045-54.##Nelson Da, Sommers LE. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 chemical and microbiological properties 1983;9: 539-79.##Cai L, Gong X, Ding H, et al. Vermicomposting with food processing waste mixtures of soybean meal and sugarcane bagasse. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2022;28: 102699.##Majlessi M, Eslami A, Najafi Saleh H, et al. Vermicomposting of food waste: assessing the stability and maturity. Iranian journal of environm-ental health science & engineering 2012;9: 1-6.##Mirbolook A, Lakzian A, Haghnia G. Comparison of chemical, physical characteristics and maturity of produced vermicompost from cow manure treated with sugar beet molasses, aeration and soil. Agronomy Journal 2012.##Loh T, Lee Y, Liang J, Tan D. Vermicomposting of cattle and goat manures by Eisenia foetida and their growth and reproduction performance. Bioresource technology 2005;96(1): 111-4.##Yadav A, Garg V. Feasibility of nutrient recovery from industrial sludge by vermicomposting techno-logy. Journal of hazardous materials 2009;168(1): 262-8.##Ravindran B, Dinesh S, Kennedy LJ, Sekaran G. Vermicomposting of solid waste generated from leather industries using epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2008;151: 480-8.##Ramnarain YI, Ansari AA, Ori L. Vermicompost-ing of different organic materials using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 2019;8: 23-36.##Abduli MA, Hadipour M, Jalili Ghazizade M, Asgha-rnia HA. Vermicomposting of Domestic Waste Using Eisenia Foetida Erathworm. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2016;18 (3): 327-33.##Saba S, Zara G, Bianco A, et al. Comparative analysis of vermicompost quality produced from brewers' spent grain and cow manure by the red earthworm Eisenia fetida. Bioresource technology 2019;293: 122019.##Kamarehie B, Jafari A, Ghaderpoori M, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of municipal solid waste in Iran for implementation of best waste management practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020;27: 37514-26.##Izadi F, Karimian AA, Sodayizadeh H. Investiga-tion about Environmental Awareness of Rural Students and its Correlation with Awareness of Their Parents and Teachers, Case study: Students in Secondary School of Villages in Jey Distric, Esfa-han. Journal of rural research 2013;4(4): 777-92.##Hasan H, editor Agricultural waste recycling: (case study: Shahniya Village). The First National##Conference on Environmental Protection and Planning; 2012; Hamedan: Islamic Azad University of Hamedan Branch.##shams A. Studying the effect of rural people' know-ledge on their behavior about final agricultural waste disposal (Case study: Qazvin Township). Iranian Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research 2017;48(3): 465-75.##Rafiee R, SALMAN MA, Khorasani N. Enviro-nmental life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management system (case study: Mashad city). 2009.##Dada EO, Akinola MO, Owa SO, et al. Efficacy of vermiremediation to remove contaminants from soil. Journal of Health and Pollution 2021;11(29).##Giwa AS, Ndungutse JM, Li Y, et al. Modification of biochar with Fe3O4 and humic acid-salt for removal of mercury from aqueous solutions: a review. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavail-ability 2022;34(1): 352-64.##Singh S, Sinha RK. Vermicomposting of organic wastes by earthworms: Making wealth from waste by converting 'garbage into gold'for farmers. Advanced Organic Waste Management: Elsevier; 2022. p. 93-120.##Huang K, Xia H, Cui G, Bhat SA. Current pro-blems of vermistabilization as a sustainable strategy for recycling of excess sludge. Advanced Organic Waste Management: Elsevier; 2022. p. 121-31.##Zarrabi M, Mohammadi AA, Al-Musawi TJ, Najafi Saleh H. Using natural clinoptilolite zeolite as an amendment in vermicomposting of food waste. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018;25: 23045-54.##Nelson Da, Sommers LE. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 chemical and microbiological properties 1983;9: 539-79.##Cai L, Gong X, Ding H, et al. Vermicomposting with food processing waste mixtures of soybean meal and sugarcane bagasse. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2022;28: 102699.##Majlessi M, Eslami A, Najafi Saleh H, et al. Vermicomposting of food waste: assessing the stability and maturity. Iranian journal of environm-ental health science & engineering 2012;9: 1-6.##Mirbolook A, Lakzian A, Haghnia G. Comparison of chemical, physical characteristics and maturity of produced vermicompost from cow manure treated with sugar beet molasses, aeration and soil. Agronomy Journal 2012.##Loh T, Lee Y, Liang J, Tan D. Vermicomposting of cattle and goat manures by Eisenia foetida and their growth and reproduction performance. Bioresource technology 2005;96(1): 111-4.##Yadav A, Garg V. Feasibility of nutrient recovery from industrial sludge by vermicomposting techno-logy. Journal of hazardous materials 2009;168(1): 262-8.##Ravindran B, Dinesh S, Kennedy LJ, Sekaran G. Vermicomposting of solid waste generated from leather industries using epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2008;151: 480-8.##Ramnarain YI, Ansari AA, Ori L. Vermicompost-ing of different organic materials using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 2019;8: 23-36.##Abduli MA, Hadipour M, Jalili Ghazizade M, Asgha-rnia HA. Vermicomposting of Domestic Waste Using Eisenia Foetida Erathworm. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2016;18 (3): 327-33.##Saba S, Zara G, Bianco A, et al. Comparative analysis of vermicompost quality produced from brewers' spent grain and cow manure by the red earthworm Eisenia fetida. Bioresource technology 2019;293: 122019.## ##

کارایی جاذب طبیعی کلاله ذرت در حذف باقیمانده سرب از زه آب کشاورزی Efficiency of Natural Bio-adsorbent of Corn Silk for Removal of Lead Ions from Agricultural Effluents 1 1 زمینه و هدف: امروزه ورود فلزات سنگین به عنوان آلوده کننده های معدنی به آب های کشاورزی از عمده ترین نگرانی های جهانی بشمار می رود. در چندین سال اخیر جذب این فلزات توسط دسته بندی های مختلفی از بیوجاذب ها به روش های مختلف از جمله جذب سطحی و شیمیایی انجام گرفته است. در این پژوهش، از کلاله ذرت به عنوان بیوجاذب کارآمد در جذب یون های سرب به روش جذب سطحی استفاده گردیده است. مواد و روش ها: ابتدا کلاله ذرت را از مزارع اطراف کرمانشاه تهیه کرده و سپس آن ها را با آب مقطر شتسشو داده شده و به مدت 24 ساعت در آون حرارت داده می‌شود تا خشک و ساییده شوند. نمونه آماده شده برای جذب فلز سرب مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت.  یافته ها: در غلظت های بالا از جاذب، ظرفیت جذب یون ها به شدت کاهش می یابد. همچنین مقدار pH بهینه برای فرآیند جذب مقدار 5 بدست آمد. داده های سینتیکی نشان میدهد فرآیند جذب فلز توسط جاذب مورد بررسی از سینتیک شبه مرتبه دوم تبعیت می‌کند. بعلاوه مطالعات ترمودینامیکی نشان می دهد فرآیند جذب فلز به صورت خودبخودی بوده و جذب بصورت فیزیکی صورت گرفته است. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان دادند که جاذب کلاله ذرت در مقایسه با گزارش های پیشین می تواند یک جاذب بسیار موثر در جذب یون های سرب از محلول های آبی به شمار رود. می توان نتیجه گرفت که کارایی جاذب به وجود گروهای عاملی با قدرت جذب بالا نظیر هیدروکسیل برمیگردد. علاوه بر آن، سرعت جذب آلاینده ها توسط کلاله ذرت چشمگیر بوده بطوریکه پس از 30 دقیقه فرآیند جذب سطحی به تعادل می رسد. 2 Introduction and purpose: Nowadays, the entrance of heavy metals as inorganic pollutants into agricultural waters is one of the major concerns in all over the world. In the past few years, the adsorption of heavy metals by various categories of bio-adsorbents has been investigated via different process, including surface and chemical adsorption. In this research, corn silk has been used as an efficient bio-adsorbent for adsorption of lead ions from agricultural effluents. Materials and methods: Firstly, corn silk prepared from the fields around Kermanshah, afterward washed with distilled water and heated in an oven for 24 hours until it dried and rubbed. The prepared sample used for the adsorption of lead metal experiments. Findings: In higher concentration of the adsorbent, the absorption capacity of ions decreases drastically. Also, the optimal pH value for the absorption process obtained around 5. The kinetic data exhibited that the metal adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Furthermore, thermodynamic data revealed that the process of metal absorption is spontaneous and the absorption happened physically. Conclusion: The results clearly showed that the corn silk as a biosorbent can be effective for the removal of lead ions from aquatic solutions compared to previous reports. We can conclude that, the efficiency of biosorbent refers to the functional groups with high absorption power such as hydroxyl. In addition, the rate of adsorption of pollutants by the corn silk is significant, so that after 30 minutes the surface adsorption process reaches equilibrium stage. 173 188 2023/03/222023/03/152023/02/242023/03/132023/03/132022/11/28 1401/9/7 2023/04/292023/04/302023/05/22023/04/92023/06/182023/04/17 1402/1/28 میترا شریف پور Mitra sharifpour دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران sharifmt@yahoo.com مهرداد چراغی Mehrdad Cheraghi استاد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران cheraghi@iauh.ac.ir سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhanardakani استاد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران soheil_sobhan@yahoo.com بهار لرستانی Bahareh Lorestani دانشیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران saba12ir@yahoo.com Biosorbent Agricultural effluent Heavy metals Corn silk Adsorption بیو جاذب‌ طبیعی زه آب کشاورزی فلزات سنگین کلاله ذرت جذب سطحی Savci, S. 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Namiesnik J, Gierak A. Low-cost Adsorbents Derived from Agricultural By-products/Wastes for Enhancing Contaminant Uptakes from Wastewater: A Review. Pol J Environ Stud 2017;26(3).##Rani, GU. Konreddy AK, Mishra S. Novel hybrid biosorbents of agar: Swelling behaviour, heavy metal ions and dye removal efficacies. Int J Biol Macromol 2018;117: 902-10.##Milojković, JV. Mihajlović ML, Stojanović MD, et al. Pb (II) removal from aqueous solution by Myriophyllum spicatum and its compost: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2014;89(5): 662-70.##Pujol, D. Liu C, Gominho J, et al. The chemical composition of exhausted coffee waste. IInd Crops Prod 2013;50: 423-9.##Lyman, DJ. Benck R, Dell S, et al. FTIR-ATR analysis of brewed coffee: effect of roasting conditions. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51(11): 3268-72.##Blázquez, G. Martín-Lara M, Dionisio-Ruiz E, et al. Evaluation and comparison of the biosorption process of copper ions onto olive stone and pine bark. J Ind Eng Chem 2011;17(5-6): 824-33.##Chen, H. Dai G, Zhao J, et al. Removal of copper (II) ions by a biosorbent-Cinnamomum camphora leaves powder. J Hazard Mater 2010;177(1-3): 228-36.##Tong, K. Kassim MJ, Azraa A. Adsorption of copper ion from its aqueous solution by a novel biosorbent Uncaria gambir: Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. J Chem Eng 2011;170(1): 145-53.##Bricker, O. Some stability relations in the system Mn-O2-H2O at 25 and one atmosphere total pressure. Am Mineral 1965;50(9): 1296-354.##Ozsoy, HD. Kumbur H. Adsorption of Cu (II) ions on cotton boll. J Hazard Mater 2006;136(3): 911-6.##OuYang, X-k. Jin R-N, Yang L-P, et al. Partially hydrolyzed bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) as a porous bioadsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous mixtures. J Agric Food Chem 2014;62(25): 6007-15.##Khoramzadeh, E. Nasernejad B, Halladj R. Mercury biosorption from aqueous solutions by sugarcane bagasse. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013;44(2): 266-9.##Langmuir, I. The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc 1918;40(9): 1361-403.##Freundlich, H. Over the adsorption in solution. J Phys Chem 1906;57(385471): 1100-7.##Iqbal, M. Saeed A, Zafar SI. FTIR spectrophotometry, kinetics and adsorption isotherms modeling, ion exchange, and EDX analysis for understanding the mechanism of Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal by mango peel waste. J Hazard Mater 2009;164(1): 161-71.##Taşar, Ş. Kaya F, Özer A. Biosorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution by peanut shells: equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies. J Environ Chem Eng 2014;2(2): 1018-26.##Göksungur, Y. Üren S, Güvenç U. Biosorption of cadmium and lead ions by ethanol treated waste baker's yeast biomass. Bioresour Technol 2005;96(1): 103-9.##Ibrahim, MNM. Ngah WSW, Norliyana MS, et al. A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 2010;182(1): 377-85.## ##

ارزیابی پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه فرهنگ HSE در سازمان مدیریت پسماند کرج Reliability and validity Assessment of HSE Culture Questionnaire in the in Karaj waste management organization 1 1 زمینه و هدف: بررسی و پیاده‌سازی الگوی فرهنگ ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط زیست همواره به عنوان یکی از دغدغه های پر اهمیت در مدیریت پسماند مطرح بوده است. اخیرا تمرکز بر نقش مؤثر مدیریت در علل حوادث، سبب توجه زیادی به مفهوم فرهنگ ایمنی شده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر فرهنگ ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط زیست بر مدیریت پسماند می باشد. مواد و روش ها: این پژوهش، از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی از شاخه مطالعات میدانی بوده است. متغیرهای اصلی تحقیق، فرهنگ ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط زیست بوده اند. جامعه آماری تحقیق 260 نفر ازکارکنان سازمان مدیریت پسماند کرج بودند، که براساس جدول مورگان تعداد نمونه 152نفر تعیین گردید. پرسشنامه 18 سؤالی بین آنان تقسیم و پایایی وروایی پرسشنامه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته ها: پایایی پرسشنامه بر اساس ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برابر 86/0 برآورد گردیده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل یافته ها از روش مدل ساختاری و از نرم افزار328 SmartPLS و23 SPSS استفاده شد. تمامی فرضیه‌ها با استفاده ازبررسی برازش مدل ساختاری و برازش مدل کلی تایید گردید. نتیجه گیری: درنتیجه با توجه به تائید شدن تاثیرگذاری هر 3 متغیر فرهنگ ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط زیست بر مدیریت پسماند، می­توان اینگونه بیان کرد که فرهنگ ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط زیست بر مدیریت پسماند تاثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. 2 Introduction and purpose: Reviewing and implementing the model of safety, health and environment culture has always been considered as one of the most important concerns in waste management. Recently, focusing on the effective role of management in the causes of accidents has caused a lot of attention to the concept of safety culture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of safety, health and environment culture on waste management. methods: This research was a descriptive-survey type of field studies. The main variables of the research were safety culture, health and environment. The statistical population of the research was 260 employees of Karaj Waste Management Organization, based on the Morgan table, the number of samples was determined to be 152. The 18-question questionnaire was divided among them and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire was studied. Results: The reliability of the questionnaire is estimated to be 0.86 based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Structural model method and SmartPLS 328 and SPSS 23 software were used to analyze the findings. All hypotheses were confirmed by checking structural model fit and overall model fit. Conclusion: As a result, according to the confirmation of the influence of all three variables of safety, health and environment culture on waste management, it can be said that the culture of safety, health and environment has a positive and significant impact on waste management.   189 206 2023/03/222023/03/152023/02/242023/03/132023/03/132022/11/282023/02/20 1401/12/1 2023/04/292023/04/302023/05/22023/04/92023/06/182023/04/172023/05/23 1402/3/2 فریبا جلالی Fariba Jalali داشجوی کارشناسی ارشدمهندسی HSE،گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران Fariba.jalali74@gmail.com بابک پهلوان Babak Pahlavan دانش آموخته مهندسی اجرایی عمران، گروه عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران ایران babakpahlavan@yahoo.com Safety Health and Environment HSE culture Karaj waste management ایمنی بهداشت و محیط زیست فرهنگ HSE مدیریت پسماند کرج 1.Oostakhan M, Mofidi A, Davudian Talab A. Behavior-based safety approach at a large construction site in Iran. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2012;10(1): 21-5.##Palmieri PA, Peterson LT, Pesta BJ, et al. Safety culture as a contemporary healthcare construct: theoretical review, research assessment, and translation to human resource management. Strategic human resource management in health care 2010.##mahdinia m, arsanqjang s, sadeghi a, et al. Development and validation of a questionnaire for safety behavior assessment. Iran Occupational Health Journal 2016;13(2): 92-102.##Asif MU, Asad M, Kashif M, ul Haq MA, editors. Knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration for sustainable performance of SMEs. 2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change; 2021: IEEE.##Kahoori Pour E, Amiri A, Sayadi S. Designing and Explaining the Feasibility Study of Establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System in Iranian Government Organizations (Case Study: Government Offices in Kerman Province). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2022;24(1): 217-33.##Willis PG, Brown KA, Prussia GE. Does employee safety influence customer satisfaction? Evidence from the electric utility industry. Journal of safety research 2012;43(5-6): 389-96.##Hudson P. Implementing a safety culture in a major multi-national. Safety science 2007;45(6): 697-722.##Colombo S, Golzio LE, Bianchi G. The evolution of health-, safety-and environment-related compete-ncies in Italy: From HSE technicians, to HSE professionals and, eventually, to HSE managers. Safety science 2019;118: 724-39.##Madvari RF, Dehghan SF, Laal F, Abassi F. Designing and Validating a Questionnaire for the Assessment of Staff Satisfaction with Occupational Health, Safety, and Environmental Management System Status. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering Volume 2020;7(1): 31-40.##Jabbari M, Alijanzadeh M, Vaziri MH, Rahimi S. Validation measuring tool for evaluating the HSE culture in a manufacturing company. Iran Occupational Health Journal 2014;11(4): 99-108.##Bartone CR, Bernstein JD. Improving municipal solid waste management in third world countries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 1993;8(1-2): 43-54.##Zabardast A, Darskhan R. Explaining the components of achieving sustainable environmental##development in the urban management structure of Tabriz metropolis. Sustainability, Development & Environment 2021;2(3): 21-40.##Zutshi A, Sohal AS. Integrated management system: the experiences of three Australian organisations. Journal of manufacturing technology management 2005;16(2): 211-32.##Letafatkar A, Abbaszadeh Ghanati H, Sheikhi B. Patients with subacromial impingement syndrome exhibit altered shoulder rotator muscles eccentric and concentric peak torque. Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research 2018;5(4): 99-105.##Cook DA, Beckman TJ. Current concepts in validity and reliability for psychometric instruments: theory and application. The American journal of medicine 2006;119(2): 166. e7-. e16.##Thomas JR, Martin P, Etnier J, Silverman SJ. Research methods in physical activity: Human kinetics; 2022.##Roach KE. Measurement of health outcomes: reliability, validity and responsiveness. JPO: Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 2006;18(6): P8-P12.##Almasi S, Eydi H, Abbasi H, Zardoshtian S. The effect of strategic flexibility on entrepreneurship through the mediating role of organizational learning (Case Study: Office of Youth and Sports West Country). Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies 2019;6(2): 101-16.##Slåtten T, Lien G, Evenstad SBN, Onshus T. Supportive study climate and academic performance among university students: the role of psychological capital, positive emotions and study engagement. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 2021;13(4): 585-600.##Ghodratnama A, Sabet MR, Jabari O. The acceptance model of e-learning during the coronavirus pandemic. 2022.##Rad RM, Khodayari F, Jalilian M, et al. Reliability and validity assessment of a customized safety culture questionnaire in the petrochemical industry. Safety promotion and injury prevention (Tehran) 2016;4(3): 193-200.##RezaeiiBaghebidi MH, Halvani G, Ghiyasi S, Dehghanitafti A. Assessing Safety Culture and its Influencing Factors in a Steel-Manufacturing Plant. Tolooebehdasht 2017;16(4): 37-48.##Toori G, Mazloumi A, Hosseini M. Developing a safety culture questionnaire based on a customized modeling in a car manufacturing industry in Iran. Journal of Health and Safety at Work 2013;3(1): 29-38.##Rohollahi A, Moradi S. Investigation of Safety Culture Components in Aviation Industries. Iran Occupational Health Journal 2014;11(6): 84-93.##Nouri Parkestani H, Alimohammadi I, Arghami S, et al. Assessment of reliability and validity of a new safety culture questionnaire. Iran Occupational Health Journal 2010;7(1): 3-0.##Mohammadi zaidi I HA, Niknami S. Development, validity and reliability assessment of IranianSafety climate questionnaire. Payesh Quarterly 2011;10 (2): 165 -75.##Guo BH, Yiu TW, González VA. Predicting safety behavior in the construction industry: Development and test of an integrative model. Safety science 2016;84: 1-11.##Duryan M, Smyth H, Roberts A, et al. Knowledge transfer for occupational health and safety: Cultivating health and safety learning culture in construction firms. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2020;139: 105496.##Williams J, Fugar F, Adinyira E. Assessment of health and safety culture maturity in the construction industry in developing economies: a case of Ghanaian construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 2020;18(4): 865-81.##fallahMadvari R, farhang dehghan s, laal f, et al. Development and validation of a questionnaire designed to assess employee satisfaction of environmental health and safety management system (HSE-MS). Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2020;7(1): 31-40.##1.Oostakhan M, Mofidi A, Davudian Talab A. Behavior-based safety approach at a large construction site in Iran. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 2012;10(1): 21-5.##Palmieri PA, Peterson LT, Pesta BJ, et al. Safety culture as a contemporary healthcare construct: theoretical review, research assessment, and translation to human resource management. Strategic human resource management in health care 2010.##mahdinia m, arsanqjang s, sadeghi a, et al. Development and validation of a questionnaire for safety behavior assessment. Iran Occupational Health Journal 2016;13(2): 92-102.##Asif MU, Asad M, Kashif M, ul Haq MA, editors. Knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration for sustainable performance of SMEs. 2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change; 2021: IEEE.##Kahoori Pour E, Amiri A, Sayadi S. Designing and Explaining the Feasibility Study of Establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System in Iranian Government Organizations (Case Study: Government Offices in Kerman Province). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2022;24(1): 217-33.##Willis PG, Brown KA, Prussia GE. Does employee safety influence customer satisfaction? Evidence from the electric utility industry. Journal of safety research 2012;43(5-6): 389-96.##Hudson P. Implementing a safety culture in a major multi-national. Safety science 2007;45(6): 697-722.##Colombo S, Golzio LE, Bianchi G. The evolution of health-, safety-and environment-related compete-ncies in Italy: From HSE technicians, to HSE professionals and, eventually, to HSE managers. Safety science 2019;118: 724-39.##Madvari RF, Dehghan SF, Laal F, Abassi F. Designing and Validating a Questionnaire for the Assessment of Staff Satisfaction with Occupational Health, Safety, and Environmental Management System Status. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering Volume 2020;7(1): 31-40.##Jabbari M, Alijanzadeh M, Vaziri MH, Rahimi S. Validation measuring tool for evaluating the HSE culture in a manufacturing company. Iran Occupational Health Journal 2014;11(4): 99-108.##Bartone CR, Bernstein JD. Improving municipal solid waste management in third world countries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 1993;8(1-2): 43-54.##Zabardast A, Darskhan R. Explaining the components of achieving sustainable environmental##development in the urban management structure of Tabriz metropolis. Sustainability, Development & Environment 2021;2(3): 21-40.##Zutshi A, Sohal AS. Integrated management system: the experiences of three Australian organisations. Journal of manufacturing technology management 2005;16(2): 211-32.##Letafatkar A, Abbaszadeh Ghanati H, Sheikhi B. Patients with subacromial impingement syndrome exhibit altered shoulder rotator muscles eccentric and concentric peak torque. Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences & Research 2018;5(4): 99-105.##Cook DA, Beckman TJ. Current concepts in validity and reliability for psychometric instruments: theory and application. The American journal of medicine 2006;119(2): 166. e7-. e16.##Thomas JR, Martin P, Etnier J, Silverman SJ. Research methods in physical activity: Human kinetics; 2022.##Roach KE. Measurement of health outcomes: reliability, validity and responsiveness. JPO: Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 2006;18(6): P8-P12.##Almasi S, Eydi H, Abbasi H, Zardoshtian S. The effect of strategic flexibility on entrepreneurship through the mediating role of organizational learning (Case Study: Office of Youth and Sports West Country). Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies 2019;6(2): 101-16.##Slåtten T, Lien G, Evenstad SBN, Onshus T. Supportive study climate and academic performance among university students: the role of psychological capital, positive emotions and study engagement. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 2021;13(4): 585-600.##Ghodratnama A, Sabet MR, Jabari O. The acceptance model of e-learning during the coronavirus pandemic. 2022.##Rad RM, Khodayari F, Jalilian M, et al. Reliability and validity assessment of a customized safety culture questionnaire in the petrochemical industry. Safety promotion and injury prevention (Tehran) 2016;4(3): 193-200.##RezaeiiBaghebidi MH, Halvani G, Ghiyasi S, Dehghanitafti A. Assessing Safety Culture and its Influencing Factors in a Steel-Manufacturing Plant. Tolooebehdasht 2017;16(4): 37-48.##Toori G, Mazloumi A, Hosseini M. Developing a safety culture questionnaire based on a customized modeling in a car manufacturing industry in Iran. Journal of Health and Safety at Work 2013;3(1): 29-38.##Rohollahi A, Moradi S. Investigation of Safety Culture Components in Aviation Industries. Iran Occupational Health Journal 2014;11(6): 84-93.##Nouri Parkestani H, Alimohammadi I, Arghami S, et al. Assessment of reliability and validity of a new safety culture questionnaire. Iran Occupational Health Journal 2010;7(1): 3-0.##Mohammadi zaidi I HA, Niknami S. Development, validity and reliability assessment of IranianSafety climate questionnaire. Payesh Quarterly 2011;10 (2): 165 -75.##Guo BH, Yiu TW, González VA. Predicting safety behavior in the construction industry: Development and test of an integrative model. Safety science 2016;84: 1-11.##Duryan M, Smyth H, Roberts A, et al. Knowledge transfer for occupational health and safety: Cultivating health and safety learning culture in construction firms. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2020;139: 105496.##Williams J, Fugar F, Adinyira E. Assessment of health and safety culture maturity in the construction industry in developing economies: a case of Ghanaian construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 2020;18(4): 865-81.##fallahMadvari R, farhang dehghan s, laal f, et al. Development and validation of a questionnaire designed to assess employee satisfaction of environmental health and safety management system (HSE-MS). Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2020;7(1): 31-40.## ##

بررسی میزان حذف ترکیب مختل کننده ی غدد درون ریز دی اتیل فتالات از محلول های آبی با استفاده از فرآیند ازن زنی کاتالیستی Investigating the removal rate of endocrine disrupting compound of diethyl phthalate from aqueous solutions using catalytic ozonation process 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ظهور صنایع شیمیایی جدید باعث رها شدن مقدار زیادی ترکیبات آلی شامل محصولات جانبی صنعتی، حشره کش ها و سایر مواد شیمیایی در طبیعت شده است. ترکیبات مختل کننده ی غدد درون ریز یک گروه از آلاینده های خطرناک و پیچیده ی شناخته شده در فاضلاب و منابع آبی در سراسر جهان هستند که به طور طبیعی یا در نتیجه ی فعالیت های انسانی تولید می شوند. در این مطالعه سعی بر آن است که دی اتیل فتالات توسط فرآیند اکسیداسیون پیشرفته ازن زنی در حضور کربن فعال تولید شده از درخت اسکنبیل از محیط های آبی حذف گردد. مواد و روش ها: این مطالعه آزمایشگاهی در یک راکتور با حجم نمونه 100  میلی لیتر انجام گردید. در هر آزمایش محلول دی اتیل فتالات در غلظت مورد نظر به درون پایلوت ریخته شد و ازن با غلظت 8/0 میلی گرم در دقیقه به محلول آزمایش تزریق می شد. متغیرهای مورد مطالعه شامل pH  (2-8)، زمان تماس (2 تا 30 دقیقه)، غلظت آلاینده (5-25 میلی گرم در لیتر) و دوز کاتالیست (025/0-1/0 گرم) بودند. در انتهای هر آزمایش از پایلوت نمونه گیری شد و جهت تعیین دی اتیل فتالات باقیمانده توسط دستگاه HPLC آنالیز گردید. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط بهینه pH معادل 8/6 و دوز ازن 8/0 میلی گرم در دقیقه و زمان تماس 30 دقیقه، ازن زنی تنها توانست 60 درصد دی اتیل فتالات را حذف نماید  ودر همین شرایط ازن زنی کاتالیستی با میزان 075/0 گرم در لیتر کربن حاصل از درخت اسکنبیل توانست 94 درصد دی اتیل فتالات حذف نماید. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که ازن زنی کاتالیستی با کربن حاصل از ضایعات چوب درخت اسکنبیل می تواند به عنوان یک روش تصفیه پیشرفته مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 2 Background: The emergence of new chemical industries has caused the release of a large amount of organic compounds including industrial by-products, insecticides and other chemicals in nature. Endocrine disrupting compounds are a known group of hazardous and complex pollutants that occurs in wastewater and water sources worldwide, either naturally or as a result of human activities. In this study, an attempt is made to remove diethyl phthalate from water environments by the advanced oxidation process of ozonation in the presence of activated carbon produced from the Skanbil tree. methods and Materials: This experimental study was done in a reactor with a volume of 100 mL. In each experiment, diethyl phthalate solution was poured into the pilot in the desired concentration and ozone with 0.8 mg/min dose was injected into the reaction solution. Process parameters included pH (2-8), reaction times (2 to 30 min), pollutant concentration (5-25 mg/L) and catalyst dose (0.025-0.1 gram). In the end of each experiment, the sample was withdrawn from the pilot and analyzed using HPLC to determine the residual diethyl phthalate. Results: The results showed that under optimal conditions of pH = 6.8, ozone dose = 0.8 mg/min and contact time = 30 minutes, ozonation could only remove 60% of diethyl phthalate, and under the same conditions, catalytic ozonation with 0.075 g of carbon obtained from the skanbil tree could remove 94% of diethyl phthalate. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that catalytic ozonation with carbon obtained from the wood waste of shanbil tree can be used as an advanced treatment method. 207 220 2023/03/222023/03/152023/02/242023/03/132023/03/132022/11/282023/02/202023/05/23 1402/3/2 2023/04/292023/04/302023/05/22023/04/92023/06/182023/04/172023/05/232023/05/24 1402/3/3 طاهره وزیری نژاد Tahere Vaziri Nejad گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران ایران محمد حسین ساقی Mohammad Hossein Saghi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران ایران محمد رضا جلیل نواز نوین Mohammad Reza Jalilnavaz Novin گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران ایران مهدی سالاری Mehdi Salari گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران ایران احمد اله آبادی Ahmad Alah abadi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران ایران catalytic ozonation diethyl phthalate advanced oxidation activated carbon ازن زنی کاتالیستی دی اتیل فتالات اکسیداسیون پیشرفته کربن فعال 1.Masssodinejad M, Eravani E, Eravani H, Agayani E. Water treatment Principles and design. Tehran; 2011.##Moussavi G, Alahabadi A, Yaghmaeian K, Eskandari M. Preparation, characterization and adsorption potential of the NH4Cl-induced activated carbon for the removal of amoxicillin antibiotic from water. Chemical engineering journal. 2013;217:119-28.##Safety Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) Released from PVC Medical Devices. Center for Devices and Radiological Health U.S. Food and Drug Administration 12709 Twinbrook Parkway Rockville, MD 20852, 2011.##ATSDR, toxicological Profile for Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease, Atlanta, GA, 2002.##NTP-CERHR, Expert panel re-evaluation of DEHP, Meeting summary. 2005.##Heudorf U, Mersch-Sundermann V, Angerer J. Phthalates: toxicology and exposure. International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 2007;210(5):623-34.##Latini G. Monitoring phthalate exposure in humans. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2005;361(1-2):20-9.##Hauser R, Duty S, Godfrey-Bailey L, Calafat AM. Medications as a source of human exposure to phthalates. Environmental health perspectives. 2004;112(6):751-3.##Lorz PM, Towae FK, Enke W, Jäckh R, Bhargava N, Hillesheim W. Phthalic acid and derivatives. Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. 2000.##FDA, Safety Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate (DEHP) Release from Medical Devices.. US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ost/dehp-pvc.pd, 2002.##Kalmykova, Y., et al., Sorption and degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarb-ons, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates in landfill leachate using sand, activated carbon and peat filters. water research, 2014. 56: 246 -57.##Chen H-W, Ku Y, Irawan A. Photodecomposition of o-cresol by UV-LED/TiO2 process with controlled periodic illumination. Chemosphere. 2007;69(2):184-90.##Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD. Waste water Engineering: treatment and reuse. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2003##Lucas MS, Peres JA, Li Puma G. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment. Water. 2021;13(9):1309.##Rahmani AR, Shabanlo A, Majidi S, Tarlani Azar M, Mehralipour J. Efficiency of Ciprofloxacine removal from Pharmaceutial effluents using the Ozone/Persolfate (O3/PS) process. J water wastewater. 2016; 1(101): 40-8.##Lucas MS, Peres JA, Puma GL. Treatment of winery wastewater by ozone based advanced oxidation processes (O3, O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2) in a pilot-scale bubble column reactor and process economics. J Sep Purif Technol 2010 May 11; 72 (3): 235-41.##Moussavi G, Alahabadi A ,Jalili Y. The Study of wastewater Treatment the Disinfection custom Gat by ozonation and processes using activated carbon as the catalytyst. J ofResearch inEnvironmental Health. 2015: 1(1):20-28##Mazloomi, Nabizadeh Noudehi R, Noori Sepehr M. Efficiency of Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Catalytic Ozonation Process with Activated Carbon in Removal of Petroleum Compound from Groundwater Resources. Journal of Health,2013,4(3)198-206##Faria PCC, Orfao JJM, Pereira MFR. Mineralisation of coloured aqueous solutions by ozonation in the presence of activated carbon. J Water research. 2005;39(8):1461-70##Arslan-Alaton I, Caglayan AE. Ozonation of Procaine Penicillin G formulation effluent Part I: Process optimization and kinetics. J Chemosphere. 2005;59(1):31-9##Oliveira TF, Chedeville O, Fauduet H, Cagnon B. Use of ozone/activated carbon coupling to remove diethyl phthalate from water: Influence of activated carbon textural and chemical properties. J Desalination. 2011;276(1):359-65##Pocostales P, Álvarez P, Beltrán FJ. Catalytic ozonation promoted by alumina-based catalysts for the removal of some pharmaceutical compounds from water. J Chemical Engineering. 2011;168(3):1289-95.##El-Kemary M, El-Shamy H, El-Mehasseb I. Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin drug in water using ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Luminescence. 2010;130(12):2327-31.##Gonçalves AG, Órfão JJM, Pereira MFR. Catalytic ozonation of sulfamethoxazole in the presence of carbon materials: catalytic performance and reaction pathways. J of Hazardous Materials.2012; 239-240: 167-174##Hossaini, H., G. Moussavi, and M. Farrokhi, The investigation of the LED-activated FeFNS-TiO2 nanocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of organophosphate pesticides in water.Water research,2014.59,pp.130-144##Amine M ، Allahabadi A، Moussavi G. Evalouation of removal antibiotic tetraciclin of contamination water by catalytic ozonation. journal sabzeval university of medical science 2020;28:1.##Aguinaco A, Beltrán FJ, García-Araya JF, Oropesa A. Photocatalytic ozonation to remove the pharmaceutical diclofenac from water: influence of variables. Journal Chemical Engineering l 2012; 189:275-82.##Zeng S,Cui C,Lian Q,Xia X,Yang F. ozonation performance ofWWTP secondaryeffluent of antibiotic manufacturing Waste water. J chemosphere.2010;81(9):1159-66##1.Masssodinejad M, Eravani E, Eravani H, Agayani E. Water treatment Principles and design. Tehran; 2011.##Moussavi G, Alahabadi A, Yaghmaeian K, Eskandari M. Preparation, characterization and adsorption potential of the NH4Cl-induced activated carbon for the removal of amoxicillin antibiotic from water. Chemical engineering journal. 2013;217:119-28.##Safety Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) Released from PVC Medical Devices. Center for Devices and Radiological Health U.S. Food and Drug Administration 12709 Twinbrook Parkway Rockville, MD 20852, 2011.##ATSDR, toxicological Profile for Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease, Atlanta, GA, 2002.##NTP-CERHR, Expert panel re-evaluation of DEHP, Meeting summary. 2005.##Heudorf U, Mersch-Sundermann V, Angerer J. Phthalates: toxicology and exposure. International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 2007;210(5):623-34.##Latini G. Monitoring phthalate exposure in humans. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2005;361(1-2):20-9.##Hauser R, Duty S, Godfrey-Bailey L, Calafat AM. Medications as a source of human exposure to phthalates. Environmental health perspectives. 2004;112(6):751-3.##Lorz PM, Towae FK, Enke W, Jäckh R, Bhargava N, Hillesheim W. Phthalic acid and derivatives. Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. 2000.##FDA, Safety Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate (DEHP) Release from Medical Devices.. US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ost/dehp-pvc.pd, 2002.##Kalmykova, Y., et al., Sorption and degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarb-ons, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates in landfill leachate using sand, activated carbon and peat filters. water research, 2014. 56: 246 -57.##Chen H-W, Ku Y, Irawan A. Photodecomposition of o-cresol by UV-LED/TiO2 process with controlled periodic illumination. Chemosphere. 2007;69(2):184-90.##Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD. Waste water Engineering: treatment and reuse. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2003##Lucas MS, Peres JA, Li Puma G. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment. Water. 2021;13(9):1309.##Rahmani AR, Shabanlo A, Majidi S, Tarlani Azar M, Mehralipour J. Efficiency of Ciprofloxacine removal from Pharmaceutial effluents using the Ozone/Persolfate (O3/PS) process. J water wastewater. 2016; 1(101): 40-8.##Lucas MS, Peres JA, Puma GL. Treatment of winery wastewater by ozone based advanced oxidation processes (O3, O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2) in a pilot-scale bubble column reactor and process economics. J Sep Purif Technol 2010 May 11; 72 (3): 235-41.##Moussavi G, Alahabadi A ,Jalili Y. The Study of wastewater Treatment the Disinfection custom Gat by ozonation and processes using activated carbon as the catalytyst. J ofResearch inEnvironmental Health. 2015: 1(1):20-28##Mazloomi, Nabizadeh Noudehi R, Noori Sepehr M. Efficiency of Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Catalytic Ozonation Process with Activated Carbon in Removal of Petroleum Compound from Groundwater Resources. Journal of Health,2013,4(3)198-206##Faria PCC, Orfao JJM, Pereira MFR. Mineralisation of coloured aqueous solutions by ozonation in the presence of activated carbon. J Water research. 2005;39(8):1461-70##Arslan-Alaton I, Caglayan AE. Ozonation of Procaine Penicillin G formulation effluent Part I: Process optimization and kinetics. J Chemosphere. 2005;59(1):31-9##Oliveira TF, Chedeville O, Fauduet H, Cagnon B. Use of ozone/activated carbon coupling to remove diethyl phthalate from water: Influence of activated carbon textural and chemical properties. J Desalination. 2011;276(1):359-65##Pocostales P, Álvarez P, Beltrán FJ. Catalytic ozonation promoted by alumina-based catalysts for the removal of some pharmaceutical compounds from water. J Chemical Engineering. 2011;168(3):1289-95.##El-Kemary M, El-Shamy H, El-Mehasseb I. Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin drug in water using ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Luminescence. 2010;130(12):2327-31.##Gonçalves AG, Órfão JJM, Pereira MFR. Catalytic ozonation of sulfamethoxazole in the presence of carbon materials: catalytic performance and reaction pathways. J of Hazardous Materials.2012; 239-240: 167-174##Hossaini, H., G. Moussavi, and M. Farrokhi, The investigation of the LED-activated FeFNS-TiO2 nanocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of organophosphate pesticides in water.Water research,2014.59,pp.130-144##Amine M ، Allahabadi A، Moussavi G. Evalouation of removal antibiotic tetraciclin of contamination water by catalytic ozonation. journal sabzeval university of medical science 2020;28:1.##Aguinaco A, Beltrán FJ, García-Araya JF, Oropesa A. Photocatalytic ozonation to remove the pharmaceutical diclofenac from water: influence of variables. Journal Chemical Engineering l 2012; 189:275-82.##Zeng S,Cui C,Lian Q,Xia X,Yang F. ozonation performance ofWWTP secondaryeffluent of antibiotic manufacturing Waste water. J chemosphere.2010;81(9):1159-66## ##