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تحلیل زمانی و مکانی تغییرات کیفی آب زیرزمینی دشت فرادنبه و ارزیابی قابلیت استفاده از آن در مصارف کشاورزی طی سال‌های 1398-1370 Temporal and Spatial Analysis of the Groundwater Quality Variations in Faradonbeh Plain and Evaluation of Its Usability for Agricultural Uses During 1991-2019 1 1 زمینه و هدف: امروزه با توجه به محدود بودن منابع آب زیرزمینی و افزایش روزافزون جمعیت و رشد کشاورزی و صنایع، بهره­برداری بهینه از آبهای زیرزمینی نیازمند توجه بیشتری است. در این پژوهش به بررسی تغییرات زمانی و مکانی کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت فرادنبه واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری و قابلیت آن برای استفاده در مصارف کشاورزی پرداخته شده است. مواد و روش ها: بدین­منظور، از سری زمانی متغیرهای کیفی برداشت شده از 7 ایستگاه نمونه برداری (شامل 6 چاه و یک چشمه) در سطح دشت فرادنبه در طی دوره آماری 29 ساله (1398-1370) استفاده شد. روند تغییرات متغیرهای کیفی آب زیرزمینی این دشت با استفاده از آزمون ناپارامتری مان-کندال اصلاح شده (پس از حذف کامل اثر خودهمبستگی) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین برای هر سری زمانی، شیب خط روند با استفاده از تخمین­گر شیب Sen محاسبه شد. به منظور ترسیم نقشه­های پهنه­بندی متغیرهای کیفی از روش Kriging در محیط نرم افزار Arc GIS استفاده شد. در نهایت، قابلیت استفاده آب زیرزمینی دشت فرادنبه برای مصارف کشاورزی با استفاده از دیاگرام USSL مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: مقایسه نقشه­های پهنه­بندی متغیرهای کیفی نشان داد که کیفیت آب زیرزمینی این دشت طی سال­های اخیر به خصوص در بخش­های مرکزی دشت کاهش یافته است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از دیاگرام USSL حاکی از کاهش کیفیت آب زیرزمینی برای مصارف کشاورزی می­باشد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به گسترش اراضی کشاورزی در این دشت، استفاده بی­رویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی، کودها و سموم شیمیایی می­تواند منابع آبی موجود در منطقه را از نظر کمی و کیفی در معرض تهدیدی جدی قرار دهد. همچنین استفاده از پساب­های صنعتی و شهری برای آبیاری به دلیل ایجاد تغییرات نامطلوب بر خاک و احتمال نشت این آلاینده­ها به آب زیرزمینی، بخصوص در مناطق مرکزی دشت، می­تواند در درازمدت اثرات نامطلوبی را بر چرخه حیات این منطقه داشته باشد. 2 Background: Nowadays, due to the limited groundwater resources and increasing population, and growth of agriculture and industries, optimum operation of groundwater needs more attention. In this research, temporal and spatial changes in the quality of groundwater resources in Faradonbeh Plain located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province have been investigated. Methods: For this purpose, the time series of qualitative variables collected from 7 sampling stations (including 6 wells and one spring) in the Faradonbeh plain during a 29-year period (1991-2019) was used. The trend of changes in groundwater quality variables of this plain was investigated using the modified Mann-Kendall test (after completely removing the autocorrelation effect). Also, for each time series, the trend line slope was calculated using the Sen slope estimator. In order to draw the delineation maps of qualitative variables, Kriging method was used in the Arc GIS software. Finally, the usability of groundwater for agricultural use in Faradonbeh plain was investigated using USSL diagram. Results: Comparison of delineation maps of qualitative variables showed that the groundwater quality of this plain has decreased in recent years, especially in the central parts of the plain. Also, the results of he USSL diagram indicate a decrease in the quality of groundwater for agricultural uses. Conclusion: Due to the expansion of agriculture lands in this plain, the overexploitation of groundwater resources and indiscriminate of fertilizers and chemical pesticides can pose a serious threat to the water resources in the region in terms of quantity and quality. Also, the use of industrial and municipal effluents for irrigation in the long-term can have adverse effects on the life cycle of this region due to undesirable changes in soil and the possibility of leakage of these pollutants into groundwater, especially in the central part of this plain. 221 240 2023/02/5 1401/11/16 2023/07/25 1402/5/3 محسن نادری اشکفتکی Mohsen Naderi Eshkaftaki دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد منابع آب، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران ایران mohsennaderi763@gmail.com رسول میرعباسی نجف آبادی Rasoul Mirabbasi دکتری تخصصی منابع آب، دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران ایران mirabbasi_r@yahoo.com محمدعلی نصر اصفهانی Mohammad Ali Nasr Esfahani دکتری تخصصی هواشناسی، استادیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران ایران mnasr@sku.ac.ir روح الله فتاحی نافچی Rouhallah Fatahi Nafchi دکتری تخصصی هیدرولیک و منابع آب، استاد گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران ایران Groundwater Quality Trend Mann-Kendall Kriging USSL Diagram کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی روند مان-کندال Kriging دیاگرام USSL Mahdavi, M. Applied Hydrology, Vol. 2, 2nd Ed, University of Tehran Press. 2009.##Ehteshami, M., Aghasi, A. and Rezaei, A. Hashtgerd plain evolution of groundwater potential in the last ten years and its causes, Journal of Environmental Technology. 2002; 13(1), 61- 74.##United Nations Development Program (UNDP).Iran Second National Communication to UNFCCC, 212pp. 2010.##Malekian, A. and Mirdeshtvan, M. Evaluation of groundwater quality for agricultural purposes based on land analysis (Case study: Hashtgerd plain in Alborz province). Rangeland and Watershed Management, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources. 2015; 4: 820_809. [in Persian]##Vadi'i, M., Asghari Moghadam, A. and Nakhaei, M. Evaluation of groundwater quality for agricultural purposes using fuzzy inference model. Iranian Journal of Watershed Science and Engineering. 2015; 31: 77-69. [in Persian]##Chen, H., Guo, S., Xu. C. Y., Singh, VP. Historical temporal trends of hydroclimatic variables and runoff response to climate variability and their relevance in water resource management in the Hanjiang basin, Journal of Hydrogeology. 2007; 344 (2): 171-184.##Sun, Y., Shaozhong, K., Li, F., Zhang, L. Comparison of interpolation methods for depth to groundwater and its temporal and spatial variations in the Minqin oasis of northwest China. Journal of Environmental Modelling & Software. 2009; 24(10), 1163-1170.##Wilcox, DL. V. The Quality of Water Irrigation Use, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bull. 962. Washington D. C 19P. 1948.##Mirabbasi,R.,Mazloumzadeh,S.M., Rahnama, M.B. Evaluation of irrigation water quality using fuzzy logic. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2008; 2(5): 340-352.##Kammoun, A. Abidi, M. Zairi, M. Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment for irrigation and drinking purposes: a case of Enfidha aquifer system, Tunisia. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2022; 81. Doi: 10.1007/s12665-021-10163-1##Al Saleh, H. Saify, S. Othman, N. Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality Parameters in Al_Najaf City Using GIS and Geostatistics Techniques. IOP Conference Sereis: Earth and Environmetal Science, Volume 952, 11th International Conference on Environmet Science and Engineering (ICESE 2021) 9th - 12th September 2021, Vienna, Astria##Ahmadpour, A., Fijani, A. and Mozaffari, M. Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes (Case study: Eastern part of Tehran aquifer). 4th International Conference on Development of Materials Engineering Technology, Mining and Geology. July 21, 2021. Tehran Society of Technology Development Management and Engineering. [in Persian]##Joghataei, H., Dabiri, R. Moslempour, M. , Attari, M. and Sharifian Attar, R. Investigating the quality of groundwater using the groundwater quality index (GIS and GQI) in Joghtai Plain, Northeast Iran. Human and Environment Quarterly. 2014; 35: 25-17. [in Persian]##Hamed, K.H., Rao, A.R. A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for autocorrelated data. Journal of Hydrology 204. 1998; 182-196.##Kumar S., Merwade V., Kam J., and Thurner K. Streamflow trends in Indiana: Effects of longterm persistence, precipitation and subsurface drains. Journal of Hydrology. 2009; 374(1-2): 171-183.##Mirabbasi, R., Ahmadi, F., Jhajharia, D. Comparison of parametric and non-parametric methods for trend identification in groundwater levels in Sirjan plain aquifer, Iran. Hydrology Research. 2020; 51(6): 1455- 1477.##AhmadZadeh, S., Beigi, H., Iranipour, R., (2015). Distribution of the total concentration of four low-powered plants in the Borujen-Faradonbeh plain and the effect of irrigation with urban wastewater. Soil research (soil and water sciences). 29:105-116. [in Persian]##Khosravi Dehkordi, A., Mirabbasi Najafabadi, R., Samadi Borojni, H. and Ghasemi Dastgerdi, A.R. Evaluation and forecasting of groundwater droughts using GRI index and first- to third-order Markov chain models (Case study: Borujen plain). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Research. 2018; 2: 136-117. [in Persian]##Mahdavi, M. Applied Hydrology, Vol. 2, 2nd Ed, University of Tehran Press. 2009.##Ehteshami, M., Aghasi, A. and Rezaei, A. Hashtgerd plain evolution of groundwater potential in the last ten years and its causes, Journal of Environmental Technology. 2002; 13(1), 61- 74.##United Nations Development Program (UNDP).Iran Second National Communication to UNFCCC, 212pp. 2010.##Malekian, A. and Mirdeshtvan, M. Evaluation of groundwater quality for agricultural purposes based on land analysis (Case study: Hashtgerd plain in Alborz province). Rangeland and Watershed Management, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources. 2015; 4: 820_809. [in Persian]##Vadi'i, M., Asghari Moghadam, A. and Nakhaei, M. Evaluation of groundwater quality for agricultural purposes using fuzzy inference model. Iranian Journal of Watershed Science and Engineering. 2015; 31: 77-69. [in Persian]##Chen, H., Guo, S., Xu. C. Y., Singh, VP. Historical temporal trends of hydroclimatic variables and runoff response to climate variability and their relevance in water resource management in the Hanjiang basin, Journal of Hydrogeology. 2007; 344 (2): 171-184.##Sun, Y., Shaozhong, K., Li, F., Zhang, L. Comparison of interpolation methods for depth to groundwater and its temporal and spatial variations in the Minqin oasis of northwest China. Journal of Environmental Modelling & Software. 2009; 24(10), 1163-1170.##Wilcox, DL. V. The Quality of Water Irrigation Use, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bull. 962. Washington D. C 19P. 1948.##Mirabbasi,R.,Mazloumzadeh,S.M., Rahnama, M.B. Evaluation of irrigation water quality using fuzzy logic. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2008; 2(5): 340-352.##Kammoun, A. Abidi, M. Zairi, M. Hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater quality assessment for irrigation and drinking purposes: a case of Enfidha aquifer system, Tunisia. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2022; 81. Doi: 10.1007/s12665-021-10163-1##Al Saleh, H. Saify, S. Othman, N. Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality Parameters in Al_Najaf City Using GIS and Geostatistics Techniques. IOP Conference Sereis: Earth and Environmetal Science, Volume 952, 11th International Conference on Environmet Science and Engineering (ICESE 2021) 9th - 12th September 2021, Vienna, Astria##Ahmadpour, A., Fijani, A. and Mozaffari, M. Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes (Case study: Eastern part of Tehran aquifer). 4th International Conference on Development of Materials Engineering Technology, Mining and Geology. July 21, 2021. Tehran Society of Technology Development Management and Engineering. [in Persian]##Joghataei, H., Dabiri, R. Moslempour, M. , Attari, M. and Sharifian Attar, R. Investigating the quality of groundwater using the groundwater quality index (GIS and GQI) in Joghtai Plain, Northeast Iran. Human and Environment Quarterly. 2014; 35: 25-17. [in Persian]##Hamed, K.H., Rao, A.R. A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for autocorrelated data. Journal of Hydrology 204. 1998; 182-196.##Kumar S., Merwade V., Kam J., and Thurner K. Streamflow trends in Indiana: Effects of longterm persistence, precipitation and subsurface drains. Journal of Hydrology. 2009; 374(1-2): 171-183.##Mirabbasi, R., Ahmadi, F., Jhajharia, D. Comparison of parametric and non-parametric methods for trend identification in groundwater levels in Sirjan plain aquifer, Iran. Hydrology Research. 2020; 51(6): 1455- 1477.##AhmadZadeh, S., Beigi, H., Iranipour, R., (2015). Distribution of the total concentration of four low-powered plants in the Borujen-Faradonbeh plain and the effect of irrigation with urban wastewater. Soil research (soil and water sciences). 29:105-116. [in Persian]##Khosravi Dehkordi, A., Mirabbasi Najafabadi, R., Samadi Borojni, H. and Ghasemi Dastgerdi, A.R. Evaluation and forecasting of groundwater droughts using GRI index and first- to third-order Markov chain models (Case study: Borujen plain). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation Research. 2018; 2: 136-117. [in Persian]## ##

کمی سازی ریسک بهداشتی مواد شیمیایی در یک شرکت تامین سیالات دکل‌های حفاری در جنوب ایران با استفاده از روش های‌ WASPAS-IVIF و SQRA Quantifying the health risk of chemicals in a drilling rig fluid supply company in southern Iran using WASPAS-IVIF and SQRA methods 1 1 زمینه و هدف: صنایع شیمیایی که جزو صنایع فرآیندی و دارای مخاطرات متعددی هستند که می توانند پیامدهای فاجعه بار و جبران ناپذیری را به دنبال داشته باشند. پژوهش کنونی با هدف تجزیه و تحلیل ریسک بهداشتی مواد شیمیایی در یک شرکت تامین مواد شیمیایی دکل های حفاری با استفاده از روش های WASPAS و SQRA  و در سال 2022 صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: جمع آوری اطلاعات اولیه مواد مورد استفاده بر اساس روش های شهودی، بررسی مستندات، MSDS مواد شیمیایی، فرآیندها، کارکنان و میزان مواجهه آنها با مواد شیمیایی صورت گرفت. در ارزیابی ریسک به شیوه SQRA، فاکتورهای نرخ خطر (HR) و نرخ مواجهه (ER) بر اساس اطلاعات مربوط به سمیت حاد، LD50 و LC50 محاسبه گردید. به منظور اولویت بندی ریسک بهداشتی مواد شیمیایی،  از  نسخه توسعه یافته  WASPAS-IVIFاستفاده شده است. از 10 نفر کارشناس ایمنی فرآیند به منظور نمره دهی بهره گیری شد. محاسبات ارزیابی ریسک در محیط نرم افزار Excel2016 و فرآیند فازی سازی داده ها در تولزباکس فازی در محیط نرم افزار Matbal2019a انجام شده است. یافته­ها: نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی مواد شیمیایی به روش SQRA،  از  45 ماده شیمیایی، 34 ماده فاقد پتانسیل ریسک بهداشتی ارزیابی شدند.  سطح ریسک بهداشتی برای ، برای Acetone، Calcium Chloride،  CITRIC ACID، Fuel Oil و  Naphthalene در سطح پایین، برای Biocide، n-Butyl ، AMMONIUM NITRATE و Xylenes  در سطح متوسط، برای تولوئن در سطح زیاد و برای بنزن در سطح بسیار زیاد بوده است. نتایج ارزیابی به روش  WASPAS-IVIF نیز نشان می دهد که بنزن با ضریب نزدیکی 0.828 مهم ترین عامل بروز ریسک در انبار شیمیایی سیالات حفاری می باشد. نتیجه­گیری:  نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اثرات بهداشتی ناشی از مواجهه با مواد شیمیایی مورد استفاده در صنایع حفاری در سطح نگران کننده ای قرار دارد. 2 Background: Chemical industries are among the process industries and have many risks that can lead to catastrophic and irreparable consequences. The current research analyzed the health risk of chemicals in a company supplying chemicals to drilling rigs using WASPAS and SQRA methods in 2022. Methods: The basic information of the materials used was collected based on intuitive methods, document review, MSDS of chemicals, processes, efficiency, and exposure to chemicals. In the SQRA risk assessment, hazard rate (HR) and exposure rate (ER) factors were calculated based on information related to acute toxicity, LD50, and LC50. The developed version of WASPAS-IVIF has been used to prioritize the health risk of chemicals. 10 process safety experts were used for scoring. Risk assessment calculations were done in the Excel2016 software environment, and the data fuzzification process was in Fuzzy Toolbox in the Matbal2019a software environment. Findings: The results of the health risk assessment of chemicals using the SQRA method, out of 45 chemicals, 34 were evaluated as having no health risk potential. The health risk level for Acetone, Calcium Chloride, CITRIC ACID, Fuel Oil, and Naphthalene is low. For biocide, n-Butyl, ammonium nitrate, and xylenes are at medium level, toluene at a high level, and Benzene at a very high level. The results of the WASPAS-IVIF evaluation also show that Benzene is the most critical risk factor in the chemical storage of drilling fluids, with a coefficient of 0.828. Conclusion: This research showed that the health effects caused by exposure to chemicals used in the drilling industry are worrying.   241 258 2023/02/52023/04/24 1402/2/4 2023/07/252023/05/20 1402/2/30 سجاد آستانی Sajad Astani دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران. ایران sajad.astani@gmail.com بهاره لرستانی Bahareh Lorestani دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران b.lorestani2023@gmail.com مهرداد چراغی Mehrdad Cheraghi دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط زیست، استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران cheraghi_md@yahoo.com مریم کیانی صدر Maryam Kiani Sadr دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط زیست، استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران mkianysadr@gmail.com Health risk chemical industry SQRA WASPAS drilling industry ریسک بهداشتی صنایع شیمیایی SQRA WASPAS صنایع حفاری Rim, K. 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Engineering Failure Analysis, 112, 104508. ##https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104508##David Ytrehus, J., Taghipour, A., Golchin, A., Saasen, A., & Prakash, B. (2017). The effect of different drilling fluids on mechanical friction. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 139(3).##Saasen, A., Hoset, H., Rostad, E. J., Fjogstad, A., Aunan, O., Westgård, E., & Norkyn, P. I. (2001, September). Application of ilmenite as weight material in water based and oil based drilling fluids. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. OnePetro.##Samnejad, M., Gharib Shirangi, M., & Ettehadi, R. (2020, May). A digital twin of drilling fluids rheology for real-time rig operations. In Offshore Technology Conference. OnePetro. ##https://doi.org/10.4043/30738-MS##Fink, J. (2021). Petroleum engineer's guide to oil field chemicals and fluids. Gulf Professional Publishing.##Taugbøl, K., Sola, B., Forshaw, M., & Fjogstad, A. (2021, March). Automatic Drilling Fluids Monitoring. 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V., Sousa, B. A., Guedes, A. V., Barreto, C. C., & Brasil, L. M. (2018). Biocides used as additives to biodiesels and their risks to the environment and public health: A review. Molecules, 23(10), 2698. ##https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102698##Liu, X., Li, J., & Li, X. (2017). Study of dynamic risk management system for flammable and explosive dangerous chemicals storage area. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 49, 983-988. doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2017.02.004##Bergkamp, L., & Abelkop, A. (2019). Regulation of Chemicals. In The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Environmental Law. DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198790952.003.0026##Bhusnure, O. G., Dongare, R. B., Gholve, S. B., & Giram, P. S. (2018). Chemical hazards and safety management in pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 12(3), 357-369. Article Id: JPRS-QA-00002021## ##

ارزیابی سلامت اکوسیستم آبی زاینده رود Water ecosystem health assessment of Zayandeh Rood 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آلاینده­های فلزات سنگین در رودخانه‌ها یکی از نگرانی­های جدی محیط زیستی در اکوسیستم­های آبی است و رسوبات به عنوان یک شناساگر محیطی، توانایی قابل قبولی در بیان میزان آلودگی محیط به فلزات سنگین دارند. بنابراین با هدف ارزیابی سلامت اکوسیستم آبی به بررسی آلودگی، با استفاده از شاخص‌های رسوب پرداختیم. مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش از رسوبات رودخانه‌ی زاینده رود در 17 ایستگاه نمونه‌برداری شد و فلزات سرب، روی، آهن، کادمیوم، کبالت، نیکل، مس و کروم به روش هضم اسیدی و اندازه‌گیری با دستگاه جذب اتمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین شاخص‌های زمین انباشتگی، شاخص آلودگی نمرو و پتانسیل خطر اکولوژیکی محاسبه گردید. یافته‌ها: میانگین غلظت فلزات در رسوبات به ترتیب آهن92/1762، نیکل52/201، روی 07/44، کبالت 36/23، مس 67/28،  سرب51/11، کروم 109/10 و کادمیوم87/0 برحسب mg/kg بدست آمد. براساس شاخصIgeo، میانگین غلظت عناصر کروم، آهن، مس، روی و سرب در تمام ایستگاه‌ها از میانگین پوسته زمین پایین­تر و غلظت نیکل و کادمیوم­ در تمام ایستگاه­ها بالاتر از مقدار پس‌زمینه، شناسایی شدند. در همه ایستگاه­ها نیز شاخص پتانسیل خطر اکولوژیکی کادمیوم نسبت به سایر عناصر، بیشتر است. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به وضعیت رسوبات رودخانه به لحاظ آلودگی به کادمیوم و خطر اکولوژیکی بسیار بالای آن و همچنین میزان نیکل، لازم است پایش رودخانه و موجودات زنده آن به منظور ارزیابی خطر سلامتی و اکولوژیکی آن، به صورت جامع و با رویکرد بررسی روند تغییرات مکانی و زمانی آلودگی فلزات سنگین در آب و رسوبات رودخانه مورد توجه قرار گیرد. 2 Background:  Heavy metal pollutants in rivers are one of the serious environmental concerns in aquatic ecosystems. Sediments, as an environmental indicator, have an acceptable ability to express the degree of environmental pollution with heavy metals. Therefore, with the aim of evaluating the health of the water ecosystem of Zayandeh Rood, we investigated pollution using sediment indicators. Methods: In this study, the sediments of Zayandeh Rood River were sampled at 17 stations. Metals lead, zinc, iron, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, copper and chromium were measured by acid digestion method with atomic absorption device. Also, land accumulation indices, Nemerow pollution index and ecological risk potential were calculated. Results: The average concentration of metals in sediments is 1762.92 iron, 201.52 nickel, 44.07 zinc, 23.36 cobalt, 28.67 copper, 11.51 lead, 10.09 chromium, and 0.87 cadmium mg/kg. According to the Igeo index, the average concentration of chromium, iron, copper, zinc and lead elements in all stations was lower than the average of the earth's crust, and the concentration of nickel and cadmium in all stations was higher than the background value. In all stations, the ecological risk potential index of cadmium was higher than other elements. Conclusion: Considering the condition of river sediments in terms of cadmium and nickel pollution and their very high ecological risk, it is necessary to comprehensively monitor the river and its living organisms. Also, in order to evaluate its health and ecological risk with the approach of examining the trend of spatial and temporal changes, heavy metal pollution in water and river sediments should be taken into consideration. 259 275 2023/02/52023/04/242023/04/22 1402/2/2 2023/07/252023/05/202023/05/27 1402/3/6 ثمر مرتضوی Samar Mortazavi استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران mortazavi.s@gmail.com گلنار مخفی Golnar Makhfi گروه محیط زیست ملایر، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران makhfi_g@yahoo.com اکرم کریمی Akram Karimi گروه محیطزیست ملایر، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیطزیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران akram.karimi69@gmail.com سیاوش رضازاده Siavash Rezazadeh گروه محیطزیست ملایر، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیطزیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران rezazadeh_msr@yahoo.com محمد پارسی مهر Mohamad Parsi Mehr دانشجوی دکتری آلودگی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران parsimehr.mohamad@gmail.com Sediments Contamination Geoaccumulation Index Nemerow Pollution Index Potential Ecological Risk Index. آلودگی رسوبات شاخص زمین انباشتگی شاخص آلودگی نمرو پتانسیل خطر اکولوژیکی Zhang C, Yu Z-g, Zeng G-m, et al. 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بررسی وضعیت بهداشت محیط نانوایی های شهر سنندج در سال 1402 Investigating the environmental health status of Sanandaj bakeries in 2023 1 1 زمینه و هدف: نان، اصلی ترین منبع تغذیه و تأمین کننده قسمت عمده انرژی روزانه مردم است. برای داشتن نان بهداشتی و مناسب، توجه به شاخص های بهداشت محیط در نانوایی ها الزامی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین وضعیت بهداشت محیط نانوایی‌های شهر سنندج در سال 1402 انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: در این بررسی توصیفی – مقطعی، 30 واحد نانوایی شهر سنندج از طریق چک‌لیست بازرسی بهداشتی از نانوایی مصوب وزارت بهداشت و درمان و آموزش پزشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این چک لیست دارای 4 قسمت بهداشت فردی، مواد غذایی، ابزار و تجهیزات و ساختمان می‌باشد. داده های جمع آوری شده با نرم ‌افزار اکسل مورد تجزیه‌ و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته­ها: در مطالعه حاضر، بیشترین میزان تطابق با آئین نامه در بخش بهداشت ساختمان با فراوانی 73/96 درصد و کمترین میزان تطابق در بخش بهداشت فردی و بهداشت ابزار و تجهیزات با فراوانی 70/48 درصد گزارش شد. نتیجه‌گیری: وضعیت بهداشت محیط در نانوایی های شهر سنندج کاملاً مطابق با آیین نامه بهداشت نانوایی نمی باشد و به منظور بهبود شرایط لازم است، بازرسان بهداشت محیط در بخش شاخص های بهداشت فردی و بهداشت ابزار و تجهیزات دقت و جدیت بیشتری داشته باشند. پیشنهاد می گردد مسئولین بهداشتی بسترهای لازم جهت اجرای فرآیند خود کنترلی و خود اظهاری بهداشتی را به منظور نظارت بیشتر بر واحد های مورد مطالعه فراهم نمایند.  2 Background: Bread is the main source of nutrition and provides most of the daily energy of people. In order to have healthy and suitable bread, it is necessary to pay attention to the environmental health indicators in bakeries. The current research was conducted with the aim of determining the environmental health status of bakeries in Sanandaj City in 2023. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive survey, 30 bakery units in Sanandaj city were investigated through a health inspection checklist of bakery that is approved by the Ministry of Health and Education. This checklist has four sections which include personal health, food, tools and equipment, and building hygiene. The collected data were analyzed by Excel software. Results: In the present study, the highest level of desirability was reported in the health sector of the building with a frequency of 73.96% and the lowest degree of desirability was reported in the section of personal health and hygiene of tools and equipment with a frequency of 70.48%. Conclusion: The state of the environmental health in the bakeries of Sanandaj city is not completely in accordance with the bakery health regulations, and in order to improve the conditions, it is necessary for the environmental health inspectors to be more careful and serious in terms of personal health indicators and the hygiene of tools and equipment. It is suggested that the health officials provide the necessary platforms to implement the process of self-control and self-declaration of health in order to further monitor the studied bakeries.   276 286 2023/02/52023/04/242023/04/222023/06/27 1402/4/6 2023/07/252023/05/202023/05/272023/07/23 1402/5/1 دانش لطفی نرانی Danesh Lotfi narani گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران danshlotfii1378@gmail.com محمد درویش متولی Mohammad Darvish Motevalli مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط (RCHSE)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران mohamad.darvish68@gmail.com سجاد مظلومی sajad mazloomi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات زیست فناوری و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران sajad.mazloomi@yahoo.com Bakery Environmental Health Sanandaj City نانوایی بهداشت محیط شهر سنندج Rajabzade N. Bread technology. Tehran: Tehran university publishing. 2000: 354-61 [In Persian].##Rahimzadeh H, Mansourian M, Kargar M, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice of bakeries of Gorgan about the use of Sodium Bicarbonate in bread. Payesh 2013;11(2):279-83 [In Persian].##Sharifi GH, Arab Ameri M, Roudbari, Bastami M. Investigating the health and quality of bread in the bakeries of Shahrood city, 2008. The 12th National Environmental Health Conference, Tehran 2009 [In Persian].##Gholami Parizad E, Amarluei A, Jalali Galousang A.A, Naseri Far R. Bread and Hygienic Problems at Urban Baker's Shops in Ilam Provice (2002-2004). J. Ilam Uni. Med. Sci 2005;13(1):44-49 [In Persian].##Kargar M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. Investigating the health status of the environment and the quality of bread in the bakeries of Yazd city. The 3th national environmental health conference, Kerman. The 3th National Environmental Health Conference, Kerman 2000 [In Persian].##Pouraslani E, Nasaji N, Amani F, Sadeghi H, Golmaghani S. The state of sanitary health of the bakeries of Ardabil. JSRC 2003;6(7):5-7 [In Persian].##Malakutian M, Loloei M. Bread quality and health status of bakers in Rafsanjan. J. Rafsanjan Univ. Med. Sci. Health Serv 2003;2(3-4):180-86 [In Persian].##Zabihollahi T, Goftari S, Garibi F, et al. Investigation of the amount of sodium bicarbonate and salt in different types of bread in the bakeries of Kurdistan Province from 2008 to 2010. SJKU 2013;18(3):39-46 [In Persian].##Pourzamani H, Pishkar A.R, Khalili M, et al. The quality of bread production and the status of bakeries in the city Shahr e Kord.The 7th National Environmental Health Conference, Shahr e Kord 2003 [In Persian].##Emamjomeh MM, Ayazi Kh. A survey on the health status of bakers in Qazvin. J. Qazvin Univ. Med. Sci. Health Serv 1995;1(2):47-54 [In Persian].##Guderzi b. Madani A. Soleimani M, et al. Investigating the health status of bakeries and the amount of baking soda used in Bandar Abbas bread. J. Ind. Med 2013;1(1):10-15 [In Persian].##Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Vice-Chancellor of Health, Health and Work Environment Center, Health inspection checklist of traditional bakery, form code 111/920318 [In Persian].##Nourmoradi H, Haghighat GA, Karimi A, Mazloomi S. The Study of Environmental Health Status of Male Student Dormitories of Ilam University of Medical Sciences in 2017. JJUMS 2017;3(2):164-72 [In Persian].##Hatami, H., & Azarbarzin, V. The Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Food Handlers Health Applicants in Areas Covered by Shomal Health Center in Tehran in 2016. J. Community Health 2016;5(1):22-29 [In Persian].##Khamirchi R A, Robat Jazi M. The survey on the health status of the bakeries of Sabzevar city. 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بهینه‌سازی رشد اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس در آب‌ غنی‌سازی شده خلیج فارس Optimizing the growth of Spirulina platensis in the enriched water of the Persian Gulf 1 1 زمینه و هدف: استفاده از ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس در زمینه‌های مختلف گسترش یافته است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش بهینه‌سازی شرایط رشد این ریزجلبک به منظور کاهش هزینه‌ها و افزایش مزایای تولید انبوه آن در آب دریا می‌باشد. همچنین با کشف شرایط رشدی بهینه اسپیرولینا از طریق غنی‌سازی آب خلیج فارس، می‌توان با تولید بیشتر آن آلودگی‌های محیط زیستی کاهش داد. مواد و روش‌ها: ابتدا شرایط رشدی ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس بر مبنای سه عامل دما، نور و PH بهینه‌سازی شد. عامل دما شامل چهار تیمار، فاکتور نور شاملِ چهار تیمار و عامل PH شاملِ پنج تیمار بود. همچنین ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس در شرایط بهینه رشدی، در آب خلیج فارس، آب دریای غنی شده با 5% زاروک، با 10% زاروک، با اوره و محیط کشت خالص زاروک کشت شد. یافته‌ها: بهترین بازه دمایی برای رشد اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس، 27 الی 32 درجه سانتی‌گراد بود. همچنین بهترین رشد در 16 ساعت روشنایی و هشت ساعت تاریکی بدست آمد؛ و برای فاکتور PH، مناسب‌ترین مقدار بازه 10.72 الی 11.47 تعیین گردید. همچنین، در کشت اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس به ترتیب، در محیط کشت زاروک، اوره، 10% زاروک، 5% زاروک و در انتها آب دریا، شرایط مساعدی برای رشد ریزجلبک اسپیرولینا به دست آمد. نتیجه‌گیری: بنابراین، رشدریزجلبک اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس در آب خلیج فارس به کندی و با عملکرد کمی صورت می‌گیرد و با غنی‌سازی این آب با سایر موارد مذکور، ریزجلبک سریع‌تر وارد فاز لگاریتمی شده و عملکرد بهتری از خود نشان می‌دهد. 2 Background: The use of Spirulina platensis has been expanded in various fields. The main goal of this research is to optimize the growth conditions of this microalgae to reduce costs and increase the benefits of its mass production in seawater. It is also feasible to lessen environmental pollution by producing more spirulina by discovering the best growing conditions for it through the enrichment of Persian Gulf water. Methods: First, the growth conditions of Spirulina platensis were optimized based on three factors: temperature, light, and pH. The temperature factor included four treatments, the light factor included four treatments, and the PH factor included five treatments. Also, Spirulina platensis microalgae were cultured in optimal growth conditions in Persian Gulf water, seawater enriched with 5% Zarrouk, 10% Zarrouk, with urea, and pure Zarrouk culture medium. Findings: The best temperature range for the growth of Spirulina platensis was 27–32 degrees Celsius. Also, the best growth was achieved in 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness; for the PH factor, the most appropriate value was determined between 10.72 and 11.47. Also, in the cultivation of Spirulina platensis, optimal conditions for the growth of Spirulina microalgae were obtained in the medium of Zarrouk, urea, 10% Zarrouk, 5% Zarrouk, and seawater, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, the growth of Spirulina platensis in Persian Gulf water is slow and shows little performance, and by enriching this water with the mentioned factors, the microalgae enter the logarithmic phase faster and show better performance. 287 308 2023/02/52023/04/242023/04/222023/06/272023/05/1 1402/2/11 2023/07/252023/05/202023/05/272023/07/232023/06/26 1402/4/5 الهه تقیان Elaheh Taghiyan دانشجوی دکتری ژنتیک و بهنژادی گیاهی، دانشگاه تهران، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، کرج، ایران ایران elahetaghiyan8@yahoo.com داریوش نباتی احمدی Daryoosh Nabati Ahmadi دانشیار گروه اصلاح نباتات ، دانشگاه شهید چمران، دانشکده کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران ایران ndaryoosh23@yahoo.com محمد رعایایی اردکانی Mohammad Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani استاد گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران، دانشکده علوم، اهواز، ایران ایران roayaei_m@yahoo.com حمید رجبی معماری Hamid Rajabi Memari استادیار گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه شهید چمران، دانشکده کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران ایران hamidmemary@gmail.com Spirulina platensis Seawater Culture media environment biodegradation اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس آب دریا زاروک محیط زیست زیست پالایی 1.Kumar M, Tomar M, Punia S, Dhakane-Lad J, Dhumal S, Changan S, et al. 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Science of the Total Environment. 2021 Feb 10;755:142654.##Chojnacka K, Chojnacki A, Gorecka H. Biosorption of Cr3+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions by blue-green algae Spirulina sp.: kinetics, equilibrium and the mechanism of the process. Chemosphere. 2005 Mar 1;59(1):75-84.##Lee HY, Erickson LE, Yang SS. Kinetics and bioenergetics of lightlimited photoautotrophic growth of Spirulina platensis. Biotechnology and bioengineering. 1987 May;29(7):832-43.##Xiong J, Yu L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Yang H, Yan R, Zhu D. Intrinsic kinetic model of photoautotrophic microalgae based on chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Mathematical Biosciences. 2019 Sep 1;315:108234.##Nosratimovafagh A, Fereidouni AE, Krujatz F. Modeling and Optimizing the Effect of Light Color, Sodium Chloride and Glucose Concentration on Biomass Production and the Quality of Arthrospira platensis Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 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بررسی عملکرد پوست هندوانه اصلاح شده برای جذب اسید هیومیک از محلول های آبی Investigation the performance of modified watermelon skin to adsorb humic acid from aqueous solutions 1 1 زمینه و هدف: فراوانی مواد هیومیک درطبیعت و ورود آنان به داخل منابع آبی موجب ایجاد تغیرات رنگ، مزه، طعم و بو در آب می شوند. که حجم عظیمی از آب  موجود در دنیا را بلااستفاده می کند، اخیرا روش های مختلفی برای حذف مواد آلی طبیعی از آب ارائه شده است. اما جذب سطحی در مقایسه با سایر روش ها دارای ظرفیت حذف بالایی می باشد. در این تحقیق با بررسی عملکرد پوست هندوانه اصلاح شده برای جذب اسید هیومیک از محلول های آبی در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی و بصورت ناپیوسته بررسی شد. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه اثر پارامترهای مختلف از قبیل زمان تماس، دمای فعالسازی، pH، دوز جاذب، غلظت اولیه و قدرت یونی و ترمودینامیک بر کارایی حذف اسید هیومیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با استفاده از طیف(میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی)  SEM خصوصیات ظاهری جاذب صورت گرفت. غلظت اسید هیومیک با استفاده از اسپکتروفتومتر در طول موج 254 نانومتر تعیین شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار حذف در محیط اسیدی رخ می دهد با افزایش زمان و دوز جاذب و کاهش غلظت اولیه، کارایی حذف اسید هیومیک بالا رفته و در زمان45 دقیقه و 4pH=  میزان جاذب برابر 1/0گرم بر لیتر با غلظت 50 میلی گرم در لیتر حداکثر حذف اسید هیومیک به 98/90 درصد رسید و ترمودینامیک جذب اسید هیومیک با این روش یک فرآیند گرماگیر می باشد. نتیجه گیری: کربن فعال تولیدی از پوست هندوانه به عنوان یک جاذب جدید حاصل از دورریزهای کشاورزی بدلایلی همچون فراوانی، ارزان و با قابلیت جذب بالا در جذب اسید هیومیک بسیار مؤثر می باشد.   2 Background: The abundance of humic substances in nature and their entry into water resources cause changes in color, taste and smell in water. which makes a huge amount of water in the world useless, Recently various methods have been presented to remove natural organic substances from water. But surface adsorption has a high removal capacity compared to the other methods. In this research the performance of modified watermelon skin in adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions on a continuous scale have been investigated. Methods: In this study, the effect of different parameters such as contact time, activation temperature,pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration and ionic strength and thermodynamics on humic acid removal efficiency were investigated.Using SEM spectrum (scanning electron microscope) the appearance characteristics of the adsorbent were done. Humic acid concentration was determined using spectrophotometer in 254 nm wavelength. findings: Results of the research showed that the highest amount of removal occurs in acidic environment, By increasing time and adsorbent dose and decreasing the initial concentration, the removal efficiency of humic acid increased for example:in time(45 minutes) and PH=4 and amount of adsorbent(0.1 g.L-1) with concentration removal is (50 mg.L-1) and the maximum removal of humic acid reached (90.98%) and the humic acid adsorption thermodynamically is an endothermic process. Conclusion: Activated carbon produced from watermelon skin as a new adsorbent from agricultural wastes is very effective in removing humic organic substances due to its abundance, low price and high efficiency. 309 324 2023/02/52023/04/242023/04/222023/06/272023/05/12023/06/27 1402/4/6 2023/07/252023/05/202023/05/272023/07/232023/06/262023/07/18 1402/4/27 محمد پیرباوه پور Mohammad Pirbavehpour دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی مهندسی ، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران بهاره لرستانی Bahareh Lorestani دانشیار،گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، همدان، ایران ایران مریم کیانی صدر Maryam Kiany Sadr استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران mkianisadr402@gmail.com مهرداد چراغی Mehrdad Cheraghi استاد،گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، همدان، ایران ایران عاطفه چمنی Atefeh Chamani دانشیار، گروه محیط زیست، مرکز تحقیقات پسماند و پساب، واحد اصفهان(خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران ایران Aqueous solution surface adsorption watermelon humic acid efficiency.  محلول آبی جذب سطحی هندوانه اسید هیومیک کارایی. 1.Wang W-H, Wang Y, Sun L-Q, Zheng Y-C, Zhao J-C. 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Journal of hazardous materials. 2016;313:283-90.##Wang X, Wu Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Wang X, Bu Y, et al. Adsorption-photodegradation of humic acid in water by using ZnO coupled TiO2/bamboo charcoal under visible light irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2013;262:16-24.##https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.037##Oguz E, Tortum A, Keskinler B. Determination of the apparent rate constants of the degradation of humic substances by ozonation and modeling of the removal of humic substances from the aqueous solutions with neural network. Journal of hazardous materials. 2008;157(2-3):455-63.##Oguz E, Tortum A, Keskinler B. Determination of the apparent rate constants of the degradation of humic substances by ozonation and modeling of the removal of humic substances from the aqueous solutions with neural network. Journal of hazardous materials. 2008;157(2-3):455-63.##Cui L, Zhang Y, He K, Sun M, Zhang Z. Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membrane for humic acid removal: Insights of electrosorption and electrooxidation. Separation and Purification Technology. 2022;293:121112.##Zhu X, Liu J, Li L, Zhen G, Lu X, Zhang J, et al. Prospects for humic acids treatment and recovery in wastewater: A review. Chemosphere. 2022:137193.##Zhang X, Ding Z, Yang J, Cizmas L, Lichtfouse E, Sharma VK. Efficient microwave degradation of humic acids in water using persulfate and activated carbon. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2018;16:1069-75.##Almoisheer N, Alseroury FA, Kumar R, Almeelbi T, Barakat M. Synthesis of graphene oxide/silica/carbon nanotubes composite for removal of dyes from wastewater. Earth Systems and Environment. 2019;3:651-9.##Iriarte-Velasco U, I. Álvarez-Uriarte J, Chimeno-Alanis N, R. González-Velasco J. Natural organic matter adsorption onto granular activated carbons: implications in the molecular weight and disinfection byproducts formation. Industrial & engineering chemistry research. 2008;47(20):7868-76.##Lin K-YA, Chang H-A. Efficient adsorptive removal of humic acid from water using zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8). Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.2015;226:1-17.##Bougdah N, Messikh N, Bousba S, Magri P, Djazi F, Zaghdoudi R. Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution on different modified bentonites. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 2017;60:223-8.##Alahabadi A, Rezai Z, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Rahmani Sani A, Rastegar A. Evaluation of Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Activated Rice Husk (ARH) Treated with Different Chemicals: Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamics. Journal of Health. 2016;7(2):196-210.##Wang H, Jahandar Lashaki M, Fayaz M, Hashisho Z, Philips JH, Anderson JE, et al. Adsorption and desorption of mixtures of organic vapors on beaded activated carbon. Environmental science & technology. 2012;46(15):8341-50.##Zhang X, Gao B, Creamer AE, Cao C, Li Y. Adsorption of VOCs onto engineered carbon materials: A review. Journal of hazardous materials. 2017;338:102-23.##Singh G, Lakhi KS, Ramadass K, Sathish C, Vinu A. High-performance biomass-derived activated porous biocarbons for combined pre-and post-combustion CO2 capture. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2019;7(7):7412-20.##Xu G, Han J, Ding B, Nie P, Pan J, Dou H, et al. Biomass-derived porous carbon materials with sulfur and nitrogen dual-doping for energy storage. Green chemistry. 2015;17(3):1668-74.##Maryam G, Ali N. Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamics study of humic acid removal process from aquatic environment by chitosan nano particle. 2016:[In Persian].##Chu L, Deng S, Zhao R, Zhang Z, Li C, Kang X. Adsorption/desorption performance of volatile organic compounds on electrospun nanofibers. RSC advances. 2015;5(124):102625-32.##Ahmadi A, Foroutan R, Esmaeili H, Tamjidi S. The role of bentonite clay and bentonite clay@ MnFe2O4 composite and their physico-chemical properties on the removal of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) from aqueous media. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;27(12):14044-57.##Shokoohi R, Samadi MT, Amani M, Poureshgh Y. Modeling and optimization of removal of cefalexin from aquatic solutions by enzymatic oxidation using experimental design. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2018;35:943-56.##UO P. Removal of Azo dyes from aqueous solutions by biomass of brown algae Cystoseira indica. 2013:[In Persian].##Lin J, Zhan Y. Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution onto unmodified and surfactant-modified chitosan/zeolite composites. Chemical engineering journal. 2012;200:202-13.##Suresh S, Sundaramoorthy S. Green Chemical Engineering: An introduction to catalysis, kinetics, and chemical processes: CRC Press; 2014.##Rashtbari Y, Arfaeinia H, Ahmadi S, Bahrami Asl F, Afshin S, Poureshgh Y, et al. Potential of using green adsorbent of humic acid removal from aqueous solutions: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamic and regeneration studies. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2022;102(17):5373-90.##Menya E, Olupot P, Storz H, Lubwama M, Kiros Y. Synthesis and evaluation of activated carbon from rice husks for removal of humic acid from water. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2020:1-20.##Ren Z, Jia B, Zhang G, Fu X, Wang Z, Wang P, et al. Study on adsorption of ammonia nitrogen by iron-loaded activated carbon from low temperature wastewater. Chemosphere. 2021;262:127895.##Ghaedi M, Khajesharifi H, Yadkuri AH, Roosta M, Sahraei R, Daneshfar A. Cadmium hydroxide nanowire loaded on activated carbon as efficient adsorbent for removal of Bromocresol Green. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2012;86:62-8.##Gh A, Gh G. Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions onto modified pumice with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2011;14(1):14-22.##Özcan A, Ömeroğlu Ç, Erdoğan Y, Özcan AS. Modification of bentonite with a cationic surfactant: an adsorption study of textile dye Reactive Blue 19. Journal of hazardous materials. 2007;140(1-2):173-9.##Ehrampoush M, Mahvi A, Fallahzadeh H, Moussavi S. The Evaluation of Efficiency of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Humic Acid Adsorption in Acidic Conditions from Aqueous Solution. Tolooebehdasht. 2013;11(3):79-90.##Rashtbari Y, Sh A, Abdollahzadeh H, Poureshgh Y, Feizizadeh A, Fazlzadeh M. Investigation the Efficiency of Activated Carbon Coated with ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Synthesis Method in Removing Humic Acid from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics and Isotherm Study. Journal of Health. 2020;11(1):7-24.##Uchiyama K, Asamoto H, Minamisawa H, Yamada K. Quaternization of Porous Cellulose Beads and Their Use for Removal of Humic Acid from Aqueous Medium. Physchem. 2023;3(1):61-76.##Belarbi H, AL MALACK M. Adsorption and stabilization of phenol by modified local clay. 2010.##Iqbal A, Sabar S, Mun-Yee M, Asshifa MN, Yahya A, Adam F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2/SiO2 biosorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue. Journal of environmental chemical engineering. 2018;6(4):4908-16.##Vadivelan V, Kumar KV. Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism, and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk. Journal of colloid and interface science. 2005;286(1):90-100.##Behera S, Oh S, Park H. Sorptive removal of ibuprofen from water using selected soil minerals and activated carbon. International journal of environmental science and technology. 2012;9:85-94.##Pormazar SM, Ehrampoush MH, Dalvand A. Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by Fe₃O₄@ L-arginine magnetic nanoparticle: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 2022.##Ncibi MC, Sillanpää M. Optimizing the removal of pharmaceutical drugs Carbamazepine and Dorzolamide from aqueous solutions using mesoporous activated carbons and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2017;238:379-88.##Nam S-W, Choi D-J, Kim S-K, Her N, Zoh K-D. Adsorption characteristics of selected hydrophilic and hydrophobic micropollutants in water using activated carbon. Journal of hazardous materials. 2014;270:144-52.##Mahmoud DK, Salleh MAM, Karim WAWA, Idris A, Abidin ZZ. Batch adsorption of basic dye using acid treated kenaf fibre char: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2012;181:449-57.##Bouarouri K, Naceur M, Hanini S, Soukane S, Laidi M, Drouiche N. Adsorption of humic acid from seawater on organo Mg-Fe-layered double hydroxides: isotherm, kinetic modeling and ionic strength. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2020;195:114-27.##Bouras HD, Benturki O, Bouras N, Attou M, Donnot A, Merlin A, et al. The use of an agricultural waste material from Ziziphus jujuba as a novel adsorbent for humic acid removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2015;211:1039-46.##Nourmoradi H, Avazpour M, Ghasemian N, Heidari M, Moradnejadi K, Khodarahmi F, et al. Surfactant modified montmorillonite as a low cost adsorbent for 4-chlorophenol: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2016;59:244-51.##1.Wang W-H, Wang Y, Sun L-Q, Zheng Y-C, Zhao J-C. Research and application status of ecological floating bed in eutrophic landscape water restoration. Science of The Total Environment. 2020;704:135434.##Naghizadeh A, Momeni F, Kamani H. Study of ultrasonic regeneration and adsorption of humic acid on activated carbon. Health scope. 2018;7(2).##Du T, Zhang G, Zou J. Coupling photocatalytic and electrocatalytic oxidation towards simultaneous removal of humic acid and ammonia− nitrogen in landscape water. Chemosphere. 2022;286:131717.##Pirmoradi M, Hashemian S, Shayesteh MR. Kinetics and thermodynamics of cyanide removal by ZnO@ NiO nanocrystals. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2017;27(6):1394-403.##Dimpe KM, Ngila JC, Nomngongo PN. Application of waste tyre-based activated carbon for the removal of heavy metals in wastewater. Cogent Engineering. 2017;4(1):1330912.##Wang L, Han C, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. An innovative zinc oxide-coated zeolite adsorbent for removal of humic acid. Journal of hazardous materials. 2016;313:283-90.##Wang X, Wu Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Wang X, Bu Y, et al. Adsorption-photodegradation of humic acid in water by using ZnO coupled TiO2/bamboo charcoal under visible light irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2013;262:16-24.##https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.037##Oguz E, Tortum A, Keskinler B. Determination of the apparent rate constants of the degradation of humic substances by ozonation and modeling of the removal of humic substances from the aqueous solutions with neural network. Journal of hazardous materials. 2008;157(2-3):455-63.##Oguz E, Tortum A, Keskinler B. Determination of the apparent rate constants of the degradation of humic substances by ozonation and modeling of the removal of humic substances from the aqueous solutions with neural network. Journal of hazardous materials. 2008;157(2-3):455-63.##Cui L, Zhang Y, He K, Sun M, Zhang Z. Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membrane for humic acid removal: Insights of electrosorption and electrooxidation. Separation and Purification Technology. 2022;293:121112.##Zhu X, Liu J, Li L, Zhen G, Lu X, Zhang J, et al. Prospects for humic acids treatment and recovery in wastewater: A review. Chemosphere. 2022:137193.##Zhang X, Ding Z, Yang J, Cizmas L, Lichtfouse E, Sharma VK. Efficient microwave degradation of humic acids in water using persulfate and activated carbon. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2018;16:1069-75.##Almoisheer N, Alseroury FA, Kumar R, Almeelbi T, Barakat M. Synthesis of graphene oxide/silica/carbon nanotubes composite for removal of dyes from wastewater. Earth Systems and Environment. 2019;3:651-9.##Iriarte-Velasco U, I. Álvarez-Uriarte J, Chimeno-Alanis N, R. González-Velasco J. Natural organic matter adsorption onto granular activated carbons: implications in the molecular weight and disinfection byproducts formation. Industrial & engineering chemistry research. 2008;47(20):7868-76.##Lin K-YA, Chang H-A. Efficient adsorptive removal of humic acid from water using zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8). Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.2015;226:1-17.##Bougdah N, Messikh N, Bousba S, Magri P, Djazi F, Zaghdoudi R. Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution on different modified bentonites. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 2017;60:223-8.##Alahabadi A, Rezai Z, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Rahmani Sani A, Rastegar A. Evaluation of Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Activated Rice Husk (ARH) Treated with Different Chemicals: Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamics. Journal of Health. 2016;7(2):196-210.##Wang H, Jahandar Lashaki M, Fayaz M, Hashisho Z, Philips JH, Anderson JE, et al. Adsorption and desorption of mixtures of organic vapors on beaded activated carbon. Environmental science & technology. 2012;46(15):8341-50.##Zhang X, Gao B, Creamer AE, Cao C, Li Y. Adsorption of VOCs onto engineered carbon materials: A review. Journal of hazardous materials. 2017;338:102-23.##Singh G, Lakhi KS, Ramadass K, Sathish C, Vinu A. High-performance biomass-derived activated porous biocarbons for combined pre-and post-combustion CO2 capture. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2019;7(7):7412-20.##Xu G, Han J, Ding B, Nie P, Pan J, Dou H, et al. Biomass-derived porous carbon materials with sulfur and nitrogen dual-doping for energy storage. Green chemistry. 2015;17(3):1668-74.##Maryam G, Ali N. Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamics study of humic acid removal process from aquatic environment by chitosan nano particle. 2016:[In Persian].##Chu L, Deng S, Zhao R, Zhang Z, Li C, Kang X. Adsorption/desorption performance of volatile organic compounds on electrospun nanofibers. RSC advances. 2015;5(124):102625-32.##Ahmadi A, Foroutan R, Esmaeili H, Tamjidi S. The role of bentonite clay and bentonite clay@ MnFe2O4 composite and their physico-chemical properties on the removal of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) from aqueous media. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;27(12):14044-57.##Shokoohi R, Samadi MT, Amani M, Poureshgh Y. Modeling and optimization of removal of cefalexin from aquatic solutions by enzymatic oxidation using experimental design. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2018;35:943-56.##UO P. Removal of Azo dyes from aqueous solutions by biomass of brown algae Cystoseira indica. 2013:[In Persian].##Lin J, Zhan Y. Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solution onto unmodified and surfactant-modified chitosan/zeolite composites. Chemical engineering journal. 2012;200:202-13.##Suresh S, Sundaramoorthy S. Green Chemical Engineering: An introduction to catalysis, kinetics, and chemical processes: CRC Press; 2014.##Rashtbari Y, Arfaeinia H, Ahmadi S, Bahrami Asl F, Afshin S, Poureshgh Y, et al. Potential of using green adsorbent of humic acid removal from aqueous solutions: equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamic and regeneration studies. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2022;102(17):5373-90.##Menya E, Olupot P, Storz H, Lubwama M, Kiros Y. Synthesis and evaluation of activated carbon from rice husks for removal of humic acid from water. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2020:1-20.##Ren Z, Jia B, Zhang G, Fu X, Wang Z, Wang P, et al. Study on adsorption of ammonia nitrogen by iron-loaded activated carbon from low temperature wastewater. Chemosphere. 2021;262:127895.##Ghaedi M, Khajesharifi H, Yadkuri AH, Roosta M, Sahraei R, Daneshfar A. Cadmium hydroxide nanowire loaded on activated carbon as efficient adsorbent for removal of Bromocresol Green. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2012;86:62-8.##Gh A, Gh G. Adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions onto modified pumice with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2011;14(1):14-22.##Özcan A, Ömeroğlu Ç, Erdoğan Y, Özcan AS. Modification of bentonite with a cationic surfactant: an adsorption study of textile dye Reactive Blue 19. Journal of hazardous materials. 2007;140(1-2):173-9.##Ehrampoush M, Mahvi A, Fallahzadeh H, Moussavi S. The Evaluation of Efficiency of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Humic Acid Adsorption in Acidic Conditions from Aqueous Solution. Tolooebehdasht. 2013;11(3):79-90.##Rashtbari Y, Sh A, Abdollahzadeh H, Poureshgh Y, Feizizadeh A, Fazlzadeh M. Investigation the Efficiency of Activated Carbon Coated with ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Synthesis Method in Removing Humic Acid from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics and Isotherm Study. Journal of Health. 2020;11(1):7-24.##Uchiyama K, Asamoto H, Minamisawa H, Yamada K. Quaternization of Porous Cellulose Beads and Their Use for Removal of Humic Acid from Aqueous Medium. Physchem. 2023;3(1):61-76.##Belarbi H, AL MALACK M. Adsorption and stabilization of phenol by modified local clay. 2010.##Iqbal A, Sabar S, Mun-Yee M, Asshifa MN, Yahya A, Adam F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2/SiO2 biosorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue. Journal of environmental chemical engineering. 2018;6(4):4908-16.##Vadivelan V, Kumar KV. Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism, and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk. Journal of colloid and interface science. 2005;286(1):90-100.##Behera S, Oh S, Park H. Sorptive removal of ibuprofen from water using selected soil minerals and activated carbon. International journal of environmental science and technology. 2012;9:85-94.##Pormazar SM, Ehrampoush MH, Dalvand A. Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by Fe₃O₄@ L-arginine magnetic nanoparticle: kinetic and equilibrium studies. 2022.##Ncibi MC, Sillanpää M. Optimizing the removal of pharmaceutical drugs Carbamazepine and Dorzolamide from aqueous solutions using mesoporous activated carbons and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2017;238:379-88.##Nam S-W, Choi D-J, Kim S-K, Her N, Zoh K-D. Adsorption characteristics of selected hydrophilic and hydrophobic micropollutants in water using activated carbon. Journal of hazardous materials. 2014;270:144-52.##Mahmoud DK, Salleh MAM, Karim WAWA, Idris A, Abidin ZZ. Batch adsorption of basic dye using acid treated kenaf fibre char: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2012;181:449-57.##Bouarouri K, Naceur M, Hanini S, Soukane S, Laidi M, Drouiche N. Adsorption of humic acid from seawater on organo Mg-Fe-layered double hydroxides: isotherm, kinetic modeling and ionic strength. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2020;195:114-27.##Bouras HD, Benturki O, Bouras N, Attou M, Donnot A, Merlin A, et al. The use of an agricultural waste material from Ziziphus jujuba as a novel adsorbent for humic acid removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2015;211:1039-46.##Nourmoradi H, Avazpour M, Ghasemian N, Heidari M, Moradnejadi K, Khodarahmi F, et al. Surfactant modified montmorillonite as a low cost adsorbent for 4-chlorophenol: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2016;59:244-51.## ##

ارزیابی توان بوم‌شناختی تکثیر و پرورش ماهیان سردآبی با هدف تقلیل پیامدهای محیط‌زیستی: مورد مطالعه، استان همدان Ecological potential evaluation of cold-water fish culture for reducing the environmental impact: Case study, Hamedan province, west of Iran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: : رشد فزاینده جمعیت و نیاز روزافزون بشر به مواد غذایی و از طرفی، محدود بودن ذخایر طبیعی آب زیان، لزوم توجه به آبزی پروری پایدار را نمایان می سازد. بنابراین، با مکان یابی مناطق مستعد برای احداث کارگاه‌های تکثیر و پرورش ماهی و ارزیابی توان بوم‌شناختی آن عرصه‌ها می توان از تداخل کاربری های مختلف، به حداقل رساندن اثرات محیط‌زیستی آبزی پروری و جلوگیری از بروز اختلال در امر توسعه جلوگیری کرد. لذا، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی توان بوم‌شناختی استان همدان برای استقرار کارگاه های تکثیر و پرورش ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Onchorynchus mykiss) انجام شد.  مواد و روش ها: مکان یابی و ارزیابی توان بوم‌شناختی منطقه  با تاکید بر نیازهای زیستی ماهیان سردآبی و عوامل اقتصادی- اجتماعی در راستای دستیابی به آبزی پروری پایدار و با استفاده از نقشه های 1:50000 چشمه‌ها، دبی آب، دمای آب، pH آب، شیب، مناطق حفاظت‌شده و آثار باستانی بر اساس مدل آبزی پروری مخدوم با استفاده از ویرایش 9/3 نرم افزار ArcGIS انجام یافت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که به­طور تقریب 1420 هکتار از عرصه­های شهرستان نهاوند، 571 هکتار از عرصه­های شهرستان رزن، 472 هکتار از عرصه­های شهرستان بهار، 311 هکتار از عرصه­های شهرستان همدان، 263 هکتار از عرصه­های شهرستان ملایر، 145 هکتار از عرصه­های شهرستان تویسرکان، 121 هکتار از عرصه­های شهرستان اسدآباد و 84 هکتار از عرصه­های شهرستان کبودرآهنگ از توان بوم‌شناختی برای تکثیر و پرورش ماهی قزل­آلای رنگین­کمان برخوردار بودند. نتیجه گیری: با مکان­یابی و ارزیابی توان بوم‌شناختی عرصه­های مستعد برای استقرار کارگاه‌های تکثیر و پرورش ماهیان سردآبی می­توان ضمن رفع نیازهای فزاینده غذایی جامعه، با لحاظ کردن توان سرزمین، ضمن نیل به توسعه پایدار و درخور در به حداقل رساندن آثار سوء محیط‌زیستی صنعت آبزی­پروری گام برداشت. 2 Background: Nowadays, the growing population has increased the demand for food especially for protein triggering the aquaculture industry's expansion. However, unplanned and unregulated farm will caused be at the subsequent yield failure and cost of environmental stress in the aquaculture farm. Accordingly, ecological potential evaluation and site selection of suitable areas for establishment of aquaculture farms can be prevent the interference of different land uses, minimize the environmental impact of aquaculture development and prevent disruptions in development. Therefore, the currentstudy was conducted to ecological potential evaluation of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss (culture as coldwater fish species in Hamedan province, west of Iran. Methods: In the current study, biological requisites of rainbow trout, socioeconomic factors, springs information, water flow, water temperature, pH, slope, protected areas and antiquities were used for ecological potential evaluation and site selection of suitable sites for rainbow trout culture. In so doing, 'Makhdoum Aquaculture Model' and ArcGIS 10.3 were used. Results: Based on the results obtained, 1420 ha of Nahavand county, 571 ha of Razan county, 472 ha of Bahar county, 311 ha of Hamedan county, 263 ha of Malayer county, 145 ha of Toyserkan county, 121 ha of Asadabad county and 84.0 ha of Kabudarahang county were identified as the suitable areas for establishment of rainbow trout culture farms. Conclusion: Ecological potential evaluation and site selection for aquaculture by considering the land suitability could be taking to sustainable development and reduce of environmental stress of the aquaculture farm. 325 339 2023/02/52023/04/242023/04/222023/06/272023/05/12023/06/272023/07/6 1402/4/15 2023/07/252023/05/202023/05/272023/07/232023/06/262023/07/182023/08/28 1402/6/6 مهرداد چراغی Mehrdad Cheraghi استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران cheraghi@iauh.ac.ir سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhan Ardakani استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران بهاره لرستانی Bahareh Lorestani دانشیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران فاطمه جعفری نوبخت Fatemeh Jafari Nobakht دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران لیما طیبی Lima Tayebi استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران ایران Environmental stress Ecological potential evaluation Site selection Geographic information system Aquaculture تنش محیطی ارزیابی توان بوم‌شناختی مکان‌یابی سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی آبزی‌پروری SobhanArdakani S, Mehrabi Z, Ehteshami M. Effect of aquaculture farms wastewater on physicochemical parameters of Kabkian River, 2011-12. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2014;24(113): 140-9 (In Persian).##Tayebi L, Sobhanardakani S. Monitoring of water quality parameters of Gamasiab River and affecting factors on these parameters. J Environ Sci Technol 2012;53(2):37-48 (In Persian).##Arjmandi R, Karbasi AR, Mogoyi R. Environmental effects of aquaculture in Iran. J Environ Sci Tech 2007; 33:19-28 (In Persian).##Banafi M, Kamali A, Salman mahini A, Kiabi B. Site selection for coldwater fish culture using GIS in Golestan province of Iran. Iran Sci Fish J 2018;16(4):35-44 (In Persian).##Mehrabi Z, Sobhan Ardakani S, Tayebi L. Ecological potential evaluation of the Kabgian basin for aquaculture. J Renew Nat Res Res 2023;13(2):87-95 (In Persian).##Cook AD, Walmsley LS. Suitable sites for aquaculture salmon farming in coastal waters of western Scotland. Aquacult J 1990;284(4): 127-135.##Ross LG, Mendoza EA, Beveridge MCM. The application of geographical information systems to site selection for coastal aquaculture: an example based on salmonid cage culture. Aquaculture 1993;112(2-3):165-78.##Barber LG, RossCorresponding EA, Mendoza QM, Beveridge MCM. Locate seating reef marine American Crayfish in Massachusetts Bay using GIS. Sci Total Environ 2009;223(4):65-76.##Shahadat Hossain M, Gopal Das N. GISbased multi-criteria evaluation to land suitability modelling for giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Companigonj Upazila of Noakhali, Bangladesh. Comput Electron Agric 2010;70(1):172-86.##Sobhanardakani S, Maanijou M, Asadi H. Investigation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mg concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain. Sci J Hamadan Univf Med Sci 2015;21(4):319-29 (In Persian).##Makhdoum M. Fundamental of Land Use Planning. Univ Tehran Press 2012;290 p (In Persian).##Makhdoum M, Darvishsefat AA, Jafarzadeh H, Makhdoum A. Environmental Evaluation and Planning by Geographic Information System. Univ Tehran Press 2012;304 p (In Persian).##Esmaili Sari A. Principles of Water Quality Management in Aquaculture. Iran Fish Res Inst Publ##2000;260 p (In Persian).##Kapetsky JM, Hill JM, Worthy LD, Evans DL. Assessing potential for aquaculture development with a geographic information system. J World Aqua Soc 1990;21(4):241-9.##Boyd CE, Schmittou HR. Achievement of sustainable aquaculture through environmental management. Aqua Econ Manage 1999;3(1):59-69.##Kapetsky JM, Hill JM, Worthy LD. A geographical information system for catfish farming development. Aquaculture 1988;68:311-20.##Dubois JM, Habbane M. Methodology of regional aquaculture zoning using the aid of teledetection in IRS. Canad Geogr 2002;46(2):172-85.##Meaden G, Kapetsky JM. Geographic information systems and remote sensing in inland fisheries and aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 318, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1991;186-233 pp.##Nath SS, Bolte JP, Ross LG, Aguilar-Manjarrez J. Applications of geographic information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture. Aqua Eng 2000;23:233-78.##Parker MR, Beale BF, Congelton WR, Pearce BR, Morin L. Utilization of GIS and GPS for shellfish grow out site selection. J Shellfish Res 1998;17:1491-5.##Peter C, Terry R, Kerry P. An integrated GIS approach for sustainable aquaculture management area site selection. J Ocean Coast Manage 2008;51:612-24.##Shahbudin S, Zuhairi A, Kamaruzzaman BY. Impact of coastal development on mangrove cover in Kilim River, Langkawi Island, Malaysia. J For Res 2012;23:185-90.##Luo Z, Hu S, Chen D. The trends of aquacultural nitrogen budget and its environmental implications in China. Sci Rep 2018;8:1-9.##Bandira PNA, Mahamud MA, Samat N, Tan ML, Chan NW. GIS-based multicriteria evaluation for potential inland aquaculture site selection in the George Town conurbation, Malaysia. Land 2021;10(11):1174.##Longdill PC, Healy TR, Black KP. An integrated GIS approach for sustainable aquaculture management area site selection. Ocean Coast Manag 2008;51:612-24.##Hossain MS, Chowdhury SR, Das NG, Sharifuzzaman SM, Sultana A. integration of GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis for urban aquaculture development in Bangladesh. Landsc Urban Plan 2009;90:119-33.##Radiarta IN, Saitoh SI, Yasui H. Aquaculture site selection for Japanese kelp (Laminaria japonica) in Southern Hokkaido, Japan, using satellite remote sensing and GIS-based models. ICES J Mar Sci 2011;68:773-80.##Mamat N, Rasam ARA, Adnan NA, Abdullah IC. GIS-based multi-criteria decision making system for determining potential site of oyster aquaculture in Terengganu. In Proceedings of the IEEE 10th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and Its Applications (CSPA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 7-9 March 2014;pp.71-6.##Vafaie F, Hadipour A, Hadipour V. GIS-based fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model for coastal aquaculture site selection. Environ Eng Manag J 2015;14:2415-26.##Sorori Far A, Orak N, Attarroshan S. Evaluation of ecological potential of Shushtar watershed for aquaculture use using the modified method of Makhdoom and AHP. J Wetland Ecobiol 2017;9(1):108-19 (In Persian).##Falconer L, Middelboe AL, Kaas H, Ross LG, Telfer TC. Use of geographic information systems for aquaculture and recommendations for development of spatial tools. Aquaculture 2020;12:664-77.##Raman RK, Gajera NB. Study on potential application of geographic information systems (GIS) to find out suitable aquaculture site in Pune - Maharashtra, India. Int J Adv Remote Sens GIS 2014;3(1): 669-80.##SobhanArdakani S, Mehrabi Z, Ehteshami M. Effect of aquaculture farms wastewater on physicochemical parameters of Kabkian River, 2011-12. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2014;24(113): 140-9 (In Persian).##Tayebi L, Sobhanardakani S. Monitoring of water quality parameters of Gamasiab River and affecting factors on these parameters. J Environ Sci Technol 2012;53(2):37-48 (In Persian).##Arjmandi R, Karbasi AR, Mogoyi R. Environmental effects of aquaculture in Iran. J Environ Sci Tech 2007; 33:19-28 (In Persian).##Banafi M, Kamali A, Salman mahini A, Kiabi B. Site selection for coldwater fish culture using GIS in Golestan province of Iran. Iran Sci Fish J 2018;16(4):35-44 (In Persian).##Mehrabi Z, Sobhan Ardakani S, Tayebi L. Ecological potential evaluation of the Kabgian basin for aquaculture. J Renew Nat Res Res 2023;13(2):87-95 (In Persian).##Cook AD, Walmsley LS. Suitable sites for aquaculture salmon farming in coastal waters of western Scotland. Aquacult J 1990;284(4): 127-135.##Ross LG, Mendoza EA, Beveridge MCM. The application of geographical information systems to site selection for coastal aquaculture: an example based on salmonid cage culture. Aquaculture 1993;112(2-3):165-78.##Barber LG, RossCorresponding EA, Mendoza QM, Beveridge MCM. Locate seating reef marine American Crayfish in Massachusetts Bay using GIS. Sci Total Environ 2009;223(4):65-76.##Shahadat Hossain M, Gopal Das N. GISbased multi-criteria evaluation to land suitability modelling for giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Companigonj Upazila of Noakhali, Bangladesh. Comput Electron Agric 2010;70(1):172-86.##Sobhanardakani S, Maanijou M, Asadi H. Investigation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mg concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain. Sci J Hamadan Univf Med Sci 2015;21(4):319-29 (In Persian).##Makhdoum M. Fundamental of Land Use Planning. Univ Tehran Press 2012;290 p (In Persian).##Makhdoum M, Darvishsefat AA, Jafarzadeh H, Makhdoum A. Environmental Evaluation and Planning by Geographic Information System. Univ Tehran Press 2012;304 p (In Persian).##Esmaili Sari A. Principles of Water Quality Management in Aquaculture. Iran Fish Res Inst Publ##2000;260 p (In Persian).##Kapetsky JM, Hill JM, Worthy LD, Evans DL. Assessing potential for aquaculture development with a geographic information system. J World Aqua Soc 1990;21(4):241-9.##Boyd CE, Schmittou HR. Achievement of sustainable aquaculture through environmental management. Aqua Econ Manage 1999;3(1):59-69.##Kapetsky JM, Hill JM, Worthy LD. A geographical information system for catfish farming development. Aquaculture 1988;68:311-20.##Dubois JM, Habbane M. Methodology of regional aquaculture zoning using the aid of teledetection in IRS. Canad Geogr 2002;46(2):172-85.##Meaden G, Kapetsky JM. Geographic information systems and remote sensing in inland fisheries and aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 318, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1991;186-233 pp.##Nath SS, Bolte JP, Ross LG, Aguilar-Manjarrez J. Applications of geographic information systems (GIS) for spatial decision support in aquaculture. Aqua Eng 2000;23:233-78.##Parker MR, Beale BF, Congelton WR, Pearce BR, Morin L. Utilization of GIS and GPS for shellfish grow out site selection. J Shellfish Res 1998;17:1491-5.##Peter C, Terry R, Kerry P. An integrated GIS approach for sustainable aquaculture management area site selection. J Ocean Coast Manage 2008;51:612-24.##Shahbudin S, Zuhairi A, Kamaruzzaman BY. Impact of coastal development on mangrove cover in Kilim River, Langkawi Island, Malaysia. J For Res 2012;23:185-90.##Luo Z, Hu S, Chen D. The trends of aquacultural nitrogen budget and its environmental implications in China. Sci Rep 2018;8:1-9.##Bandira PNA, Mahamud MA, Samat N, Tan ML, Chan NW. GIS-based multicriteria evaluation for potential inland aquaculture site selection in the George Town conurbation, Malaysia. Land 2021;10(11):1174.##Longdill PC, Healy TR, Black KP. An integrated GIS approach for sustainable aquaculture management area site selection. Ocean Coast Manag 2008;51:612-24.##Hossain MS, Chowdhury SR, Das NG, Sharifuzzaman SM, Sultana A. integration of GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis for urban aquaculture development in Bangladesh. Landsc Urban Plan 2009;90:119-33.##Radiarta IN, Saitoh SI, Yasui H. Aquaculture site selection for Japanese kelp (Laminaria japonica) in Southern Hokkaido, Japan, using satellite remote sensing and GIS-based models. ICES J Mar Sci 2011;68:773-80.##Mamat N, Rasam ARA, Adnan NA, Abdullah IC. GIS-based multi-criteria decision making system for determining potential site of oyster aquaculture in Terengganu. In Proceedings of the IEEE 10th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and Its Applications (CSPA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 7-9 March 2014;pp.71-6.##Vafaie F, Hadipour A, Hadipour V. GIS-based fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model for coastal aquaculture site selection. Environ Eng Manag J 2015;14:2415-26.##Sorori Far A, Orak N, Attarroshan S. Evaluation of ecological potential of Shushtar watershed for aquaculture use using the modified method of Makhdoom and AHP. J Wetland Ecobiol 2017;9(1):108-19 (In Persian).##Falconer L, Middelboe AL, Kaas H, Ross LG, Telfer TC. Use of geographic information systems for aquaculture and recommendations for development of spatial tools. Aquaculture 2020;12:664-77.##Raman RK, Gajera NB. Study on potential application of geographic information systems (GIS) to find out suitable aquaculture site in Pune - Maharashtra, India. Int J Adv Remote Sens GIS 2014;3(1): 669-80.## ##

بررسی وضعیت بهداشت‌محیط و ایمنی مدارس ابتدایی شهر دره‌شهر در سال 1402 Investigating environmental health and safety status of DarehShahr primary schools in 2023 1 1 زمینه و هدف: مدارس ابتدایی نهادی اجتماعی هستند که دوران مهمی از زندگی کودکان در آن سپری می شود. رعایت بهداشت محیط مدارس، نوعی سرمایه گذاری اجتماعی است که در بهبود برنامه های سلامت محور برای نسل های آینده کمک می کند. مطالعه حاضر، با هدف تعیین وضعیت بهداشت محیط و ایمنی مدارس ابتدایی شهر دره شهر در سال 1402 انجام گرفت. مواد و روش ها: پژوهش حاضر بصورت یک مطالعه توصیفی – مقطعی بوده که در آن تمامی مدارس ابتدایی موجود در سطح شهر دره‌شهر (تعداد 28 واحد) به روش سرشماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده های مورد نیاز با استفاده از چک لیست بازرسی بهداشتی از مدارس با کد ‌‌‌فرم 140/920318 جمع آوری شد. در نهایت داده‌ ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Excel مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته­ها: در این پژوهش، درصد مطابقت بهداشتی با آیین نامه در بخش شاخص‌های بهداشت فردی، بهداشت ابزار و تجهیزات، بهداشت ساختمان و نیز ایمنی ساختمان در مدارس ابتدایی شهر دره شهر در سال 1402، به ترتیب برابر با 64/73، 83/52، 75 و 64/29 درصد گزارش شد. در مجموع درصد مطابقت بهداشتی با آیین نامه در مدارس مورد مطالعه، برابر با 71/89 درصد محاسبه شد. نتیجه‌گیری: به منظور بهبود وضعیت بهداشت محیط مدارس ابتدایی شهر دره شهر، ضرورت دارد تغییرات اساسی در فاکتور های بهداشت محیط و ایمنی مدارس سطح شهر دره شهر، به ویژه در زمینه نواقص مشاهده شده در بخش بهداشت فردی و ایمنی ساختمان مدارس مورد مطالعه، در دستور کار قرار گیرد. 2 Background: Primary schools are a social institution where an important period of children's lives is spent. Observing the environmental health of the school is a kind of social investment that helps improve health-oriented programs for the next generations. the present study was also conducted with the aim of investigating environmental health and safety status of DarehShahr primary schools in 2023. Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which all the primary schools in the city (28) were investigated by census method. The required data was obtained using the school health inspection checklist with form code 140/920318. Finally, the data were analyzed with excel software. Results: In this research, the percentage of health compliance with the regulations in the subject of personal health indicators, tools and equipment hygiene, building hygiene and building safety in Darrehshahr primary schools in 2023 were equal to 64.73, 83.52، 75, 64.29%, respectively. In total, the percentage of health compliance with regulations in the studied schools was 71.89 percent. Conclusion: In order to improve the environmental health status of DarehShahr elementary schools, it is necessary to put fundamental changes in the factors of environmental health and school safety, especially in the field of deficiencies observed in the personal health and safety of school buildings. 340 351 2023/02/52023/04/242023/04/222023/06/272023/05/12023/06/272023/07/62023/06/29 1402/4/8 2023/07/252023/05/202023/05/272023/07/232023/06/262023/07/182023/08/282023/07/18 1402/4/27 کیمیا میرزائی Kimia Mirzaei گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران Mirzaeikimia23@gmail.com محمد درویش متولی Mohammad Darvish Motevalli مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط(RCHSE)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران mohamad.darvish68@gmail.com سجاد مظلومی Sajad mazloomi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات زیست فناوری و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران sajad.mazloomi@yahoo.com Schools Environmental Health Safety DarehShahr City Ilam مدارس بهداشت محیط ایمنی شهر دره شهر ایلام 1. 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Journal of Kerman university of medical sciences. 2007;14(1):61-69, [In Persian].##18. Rastgoo A, Aghazadeh Pir H. Environmental health survey of secondary schools in ardabil city and comparison with national standards and indicators in 2018. Journal of Health. 2020;11(4):529-540, [In Persian].## ##