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بررسی کارایی فرآیند نانوفتوکاتالیستی Fe3O4@SiO2 @TiO2@rGO + UV+PS در حذف آنتی بیوتیک سفکسیم از محلول های آبی Investigating the efficiency of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@rGO + UV+PS nanophotocatalytic process in the removal of Cefixime from aqueous solutions 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها جزو آلاینده‌های زیست‌محیطی دارای اثرات پایدار بوده و پس از مصرف، به‌ندرت در بدن به‌طور کامل متابولیزه شده و 90-30 درصد آن‌ها از طریق ادرار و مدفوع دفع و وارد محیط می گردد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تجزیه آلاینده سفیکسیم توسط فتوکاتالیست Fe3O4@SiO2 @TiO2@rGO +  UV در حضور پرسولفات (PS) از پساب سنتتیک انجام شد.           مواد و روش ها: فتوکاتالیست Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 (FS@T/rGO) به روش هم ترسیبی سنتز، و سپس بر روی اکسیدگرافن احیاء شده (rGO) تثبیت گردید. خصوصیات ساختاری فتوکاتالیست مغناطیسی با استفاده از تکنیک­های FESEM، XRD، TEM،  VSM، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تأثیر متغیرهایی مانند pH محلول، دوز کاتالیست، غلظت پرسولفات و غلظت اولیه آلاینده بر عملکرد فرآیند FS@T/rGO/PS/UV در تجزیه آلاینده سفیکسیم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پس از تعیین شرایط بهینه، تأثیر یون­های مداخله­گر و اسکاونجرها بر فرآیند و همچنین میزان بازیابی و استفاده مجدد از کاتالیست بررسی شد.   یافته ها: فتوکاتالیست سنتز شده دارای ویژ­گی­هایی از جمله خاصیت مغناطیسی بسیار عالی، ساختار کریستالی و نسبتاً کروی در سایز نانو، خلوص بالا، خاصیت فتوکاتالیستی در هر دو محدوده فرابنفش و مرئی است. تحت شرایط بهینه (7-6.5 pH = ، mM2 = PS و دوز فتوکاتالیست= g/L0.1)، پس از گذشت 60 دقیقه زمان اکسیداسیون، آنتی­بیوتیک سفیکسیم با غلظت mg/L50 و TOC به ترتیب با راندمان >98% و 55.7% حذف شدند. عملکرد فرآیند متأثر از حضور اسکاونجرهای آلی (TBA، NaN3، KI و CH3OH) و یون­های مداخله­گر (Cl-، SO4-2، NO3- و CO3-2) بود؛ بطوری که راندمان تجزیه آلاینده در حضور اسکاونجرهای آلی و یون­های مداخله­گر کاهش یافت. گونه­های موثر واکنش شامل h⁺،1O2 ،OH•  وSO4•⁻  در تجزیه سفیکسیم توسط فرآیند  فتوکاتالیستی در حضور PS بود. فتوکاتالیست سنتز شده قابلیت استفاده برای 4 مرحله متوالی را داشت و در مرحله چهارم، سفیکسیم با راندمان برابر با 70.1 درصد تجزیه گردید. رفتار تجزیه فتوکاتالیستی آنتی­بیوتیک سفیکسیم در واحد زمان تابع مدل سینتیکی شبه درجه اول بود. نتیجه گیری: فرآیند فتوکاتالیستی FS@T/rGO/UV/PS با خصوصیاتی از جمله کارایی بالا در تجزیه آنتی­بیوتیک، قابلیت جداسازی آسان و سریع، قابلیت معدنی­ سازی آلاینده، تولید محصولات جانبی با ساختار مولکولی ساده و عملکرد مناسب بر روی نمونه فاضلاب واقعی می­تواند به عنوان یک روش مناسب جهت پس تصفیه فاضلاب صنعتی و همچنین پیش تصفیه به منظور کاهش بار آلی و افزایش تجزیه­پذیری زیستی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 2 Background: Antibiotics are among the environmental pollutants with stable effects during consumption, they are rarely completely metabolized in the body and 30-90% of them are excreted through urine and feces and enter into the environment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the degradation of cefixime pollutant by photocatalyst Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2@rGO + UV in the presence of persulfate (PS) from synthetic wastewater. Methods: Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 (F@ST) photocatalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation method, and then fixed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The structural properties of magnetic photocatalyst were evaluated using FESEM, XRD, TEM, VSM techniques. The effect of variables such as solution pH, catalyst dosage, persulfate concentration and initial pollutant concentration on the performance of the FS@T/rGO/PS/UV process in the degradation of cefixime pollutant was investigated. After determining the optimal conditions, the influence of interfering ions and scavengers on the process, as well as the amount of recovery and reuse of the catalyst were investigated. Results: The synthesized photocatalyst had features such as excellent magnetic properties, crystalline and relatively spherical structure in nano size, high purity, photocatalytic properties in both ultraviolet and visible ranges. Under optimal conditions (pH=6.5-7, PS= 2mM and photocatalyst dosage= 0.1 g/L), after 60 min of oxidation time, cefixime antibiotic with a concentration of 50 mg/L and TOC, respectively, with efficiency > 98% and 55.7% were removed. The performance of the process was affected by the presence of organic scavengers (TBA, NaN3, KI and CH3OH) and interfering ions (Cl-, SO4-2, NO3- and CO3-2); so that the pollutant degradation efficiency decreased in the presence of organic scavengers and interfering ions. The effective reaction species were included h⁺, 1O2, OH• and SO4•⁻ in the degradation of cefixime by photocatalytic process in the presence of PS. The synthesized photocatalyst could be used for 4 consecutive steps, and in the fourth step, cefixime was degraded with an efficiency of 70.1%. The behavior of the photocatalytic degradation of cefixime antibiotic per unit time was a function of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Conclusion: : FS@T/rGO/UV/PS photocatalytic process with features such as high efficiency in antibiotic degradation, easy and fast separation, pollutant mineralization, production of side products with simple molecular structure and good performance on the real wastewater sample could be used as a suitable method for industrial wastewater post-treatment as well as pre-treatment in order to reduce organic load and increase biodegradability. 1 28 2023/12/22 1402/10/1 2024/01/19 1402/10/29 عماد دهقانی فرد Emad Dehghanifard گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات تکنولوژی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Iran dehghanifard@yahoo.com علی اسرافیلی Ali Esrafili گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات تکنولوژی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Iran ali_esrafily@yahoo.com مجتبی یگانه Mojtabi Yeganeh گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات تکنولوژی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Iran mybb123@yahoo.com مهدی فرزادکیا Mahdi Farzadkia گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات تکنولوژی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Iran mahdifarzadkia@gmail.com Cefixime Photocatalytic Process Titanium Dioxide Graphene Oxide Persulfate سفیکسیم فرآیند فتوکاتالیستی دی اکسید تیتانیوم اکسیدگرافن پرسولفات Goel S. 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مدل‌سازی کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی گرگ خاکستری: مورد مطالعه دشت کبودرآهنگ، همدان، ایران Qualitative modeling of groundwater resources using Artificial Neural Network and Gray Wolf Optimizer algorithm (Case Study: Kabudarahang Plain, Hamedan Province, Iran) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: : امروزه با توجه به تغییرات اقلیمی و کاهش نزولات جوی در سطح کشور و به‌خصوص استان همدان، نرخ دسترسی به منابع آب‌ سطحی کاهش یافته و لذا، میزان برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی به‌شدت افزایش یافته است که این موضوع موجب تغییر در کیفیت این منابع برای مصارف گوناگون شده است. در نتیجه، لزوم پایش کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی نیز اهمیت دوچندانی یافته است. از این‌رو، در این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل ترکیبی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و الگوریتم فراابتکاری گرگ خاکستری نسبت به مدل‌سازی کیفی منابع آب‌ زیرزمینی دشت کبودرآهنگ واقع در شمال غربی استان همدان در سال 1401 اقدام شد. مواد و روش ها: در این پژوهش، داده‌های کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی مربوط به چاه‌های دشت کبودرآهنگ به سه بخش آموزش (%70)، اعتبارسنجی (%15) و آزمون (%15) تقسیم و با استفاده از مدل ترکیبی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و الگوریتم فراابتکاری گرگ خاکستری مدل‌سازی کیفی منابع آب‌ زیرزمینی دشت کبودرآهنگ انجام شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که مدل ارائه شده قابلیت بالایی در پیش‌بینی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی بر اساس سه متغیر pH، EC و TDS داشته است. مقدار 0/9975 = R نشان‌دهنده پیشگویی بالای متغیرها بود. نتایج حاصل از پیاده‌سازی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی بیان‌گر صحت بالا و همچنین قابلیت بالای پیش‌بینی و خطای اندک مدل بود که این خطا با کمک الگوریتم گرگ خاکستری کاهش یافت. بنابراین، می‌توان اذعان داشت علی‌رغم این‌که الگوریتم شبکه عصبی مصنوعی تا حد بالایی قادر به پیش‌بینی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی در منطقه مورد مطالعه بود، الگوریتم گرگ خاکستری با کاهش خطای پیش‌بینی، این عملکرد را تکمیل و مقدار بهینگی مدل را افزایش داد. نتیجه گیری: الگوریتم‌های شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و بهینه‌سازی گرگ خاکستری مکمل هم بوده و عملکرد خوبی برای پیش‌بینی تغییرات کیفی منابع آب‌ زیرزمینی از خود نشان می‌دهند. 2 Background: Climate change and declining rainfall have significantly reduced access to surface water in Iran, particularly in Hamedan Province. This has led to increased reliance on groundwater resources, consequently altering their quality for various uses. Therefore, this study was conducted to develope a qualitative model for assess of groundwater resources in Kabudarahang Plain, Hamedan Province, using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm. Methods: Qualitative data of groundwater resources in Kabudarahang Plain were collected and analyzed over a decade (2012-2022). ANN modeling was employed to predict groundwater quality changes. Additionally, the GWO algorithm was integrated to enhance prediction accuracy. The model utilized three output or dependent variables (TDS, EC, and pH) and six input or independent variables (calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, sodium, and turbidity). Results: : The ANN model demonstrated that over 99% of water quality variations can be attributed to the six input variables. Moreover, the GWO algorithm effectively reduced average prediction errors from 0.0015 to 0.0008. Conclusion: The ANN algorithm exhibited high prediction accuracy, low prediction error, and model optimality, which were further enhanced by the GWO algorithm. This suggests that while the ANN model successfully predicted groundwater quality changes in the study area, the GWO algorithm refined the predictions, and improving the model's overall performance. Considering the complementary nature and effectiveness of ANN and GWO algorithms for prediction, their application to predict qualitative changes in groundwater resources in other regions is recommended. 29 46 2023/12/222023/11/2 1402/8/11 2024/01/192023/12/3 1402/9/12 مهدی پیرزاد Mahdi Pirzad کارشناس ارشد مهندسی محیط‌زیست، گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران Iran mahdi.pirzad22@gmail.com سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhan Ardakani دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران Iran s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir Groundwater quality Intelligent data modeling Artificial neural network Gray wolf algorithm Kabudarahang Plain کیفیت آب زیرزمینی مدل‌سازی هوشمند داده‌ها شبکه عصبی مصنوعی الگوریتم گرگ خاکستری دشت کبودرآهنگ Shiklomanov IA. Appraisal and assessment of world water resources. Water Int 2000; 25(1): 11-32.##Sobhanardakani S, Maanijou M, Asadi H. 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Hydrogeomorphology 2015; 2(4): 1-19 (In Persian).##Alizamir M, Sobhanardakani S, Hasanalipour Shahrabadi A. Prediction of heavy metals concentration in the groundwater resources in Razan Plain: Extreme learning machine vs. artificial neural network and multivariate adaptive regression spline. Annal Mil Health Sci Res 2019; 17(4): e98554.##Farooq MU, Zafar AM, Raheem W, et al. Assessment of algorithm performance on predicting total dissolved solids using artificial neural network and multiple linear regression for the groundwater data. Water, 2022; 14(13): 2002.##Che Nordin NF, Mohd NS, Koting S, et al. Groundwater quality forecasting modelling using artificial intelligence: A review. Groundwater Sustain Dev 2021; 14: 100643.##Ghobadi A, Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, et al. Groundwater quality modeling using a novel hybrid data-intelligence model based on gray wolf optimization algorithm and multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network: a case study in Asadabad Plain, Hamedan, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2022; 29(6): 8716-30.##Bui DT, Khosravi K, Tiefenbacher J, et al. Improving prediction of water quality indices using novel hybrid machine-learning algorithms. Sci Total Environ 2020; 721: 137612.##Alizamir M, Kazemi Z, Kazemi Z, et al. Investigating landfill leachate and groundwater quality prediction using a Robust Integrated Artificial Intelligence Model: Grey Wolf Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm and Extreme Learning Machine. Water 2023; 15(13): 2453.##Abbasi Teshnizi F, Nouri Emamzadehei MM. Assessment of groundwater quality in Kaboudarahang Plain using factor and cluster analysis. Environ Water Eng 2017; 3(3): 272-9 (In Persian).##Emami S, Noruzi-Sarkarabad R, Choopan Y. Use of artificial neural network and imperialist competitive algorithm to evaluate the groundwater quality of Jolfa Plain for various uses. 2021; 53(1): 313-30 (In Persian).##Sadatinejadi, SJ, Ghasemi L, Yousefi H. Redesign of groundwater monitoring network Kuhdasht Aquifer. Ecohydrology 2019; 5(4): 1255-66 (In Persian).##Emami H, Emami S. Presentating a New Approach for evaluating the hydro-geochemical quality of groundwater using Swarm Intelligence Algorithms. 2019; 6(1): 177-90 (In Persian).##Bahrami F, Egdernezhad A. Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Kriging models in predicting groundwater quality parameters (SAR, TDS and EC) of Dezful Andimeshk plain. J Res Environ Health 2023; 8(4): 365-77 (In Persian).##Majumder P, Eldho TI. Artificial Neural Network and Grey Wolf Optimizer based Surrogate Simulation-Optimization Model for groundwater remediation. Water Res Manage 2020; 34(2): 763-83.##Tikhamarine Y, Souag-Gamane D, Najah Ahmed A, et al. Improving artificial intelligence models accuracy for monthly streamflow forecasting using grey Wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. J Hydrol 2020; 582, 124435.##Moayedi H, Salari M, Dehrashid AA, et al. Groundwater quality evaluation using hybrid model of the multi-layer perceptron combined with neural-evolutionary regression techniques: case study of Shiraz plain. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 2023; 37(8): 2961-76.##Bahmani O, Zali A. Investigation and determination of the spatial distribution of nitrate and electrical conductivity in groundwater by geostatistical method (Case study: Kabudrahng Plain). J Environ Sci Technol 2021; 23(5): 143-57 (In Persian).##Göçken M, Özçalıcı M, Boru A, et al. Integrating metaheuristics and Artificial Neural Networks for improved stock price prediction. Expert Sys Appl 2016; 44: 320-31.##Wang J, Wang J. Forecasting stock market indexes using principle component analysis and stochastic time effective neural networks. Neurocomputing 2015; 156: 68-78.##Chi T. Understanding Chinese consumer adoption of apparel mobile commerce: An extended TAM approach. J Retail Consum Serv 2018; 44, 274-84.##Mirjalili S, Mirjalili SM, Lewis A. Grey wolf optimizer. Adv Eng softw 2014; 69: 46-61.‏##Jafarzadeh A, Khashei Siuki A. Performance examination of optimization model of groundwater monitoring network based on Gray wolf and Neural network (GNM) (Case study: Birjand plain). J Irrig Water Eng 2018; 8(3): 121-39 (In Persian).##Ahaninjan K, Egdernezhad A. Modeling qualitative parameters of SAR, EC, and TDS in groundwater using optimized artificial neural network model (Case study: Behbahan Plain). 2020; 6(2): 161-72 (In Persian).##Shiklomanov IA. Appraisal and assessment of world water resources. Water Int 2000; 25(1): 11-32.##Sobhanardakani S, Maanijou M, Asadi H. Investigation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mg concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain. Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci 2015; 21(4): 319-29 (In Persian).##Sobhanardakan S, Taghavi L, Shahmoradi B, et al. Groundwater quality assessment using the water quality pollution indices in Toyserkan Plain. Environ Health Eng Manage J 2017; 4(1): 21-7.##Makarigakis AK, Jimenez-Cisneros BE. UNESCO's contribution to face global water challenges. Water 2019; 11(2): 388.##Yari AR, Sobhanardakan S. Water quality assessment of groundwater resources in Qaleeh Shahin Plain based on Cd and HEI. Int Arch Health Sci 2016; 3(3): 101-06.##Sobhanardakani S. Evaluation of the water quality pollution indices for groundwater resources of Ghahavand Plain, Hamedan Province, western Iran. Iran J Toxicol 2016; 10(3): 35-40.##Sabzevari Y, Zeinivand H. Evaluation of groundwater quality for different uses, case study: Delfan ‎plain. J Geogr Space 2022; 22(78): 55-71 (In Persian).##Askari J, Egdernezhad A. Groundwater modeling using artificial intelligence methods (Case study: Dezful-Andimeshk plain). 2022; 8(2): 160-71 (In Persian).##Alizamir M, Sobhanardakani S. An artificial neural network - particle swarm optimization (ANN- PSO) approach to predict heavy metals contamination in groundwater resources. Jundishapur J Health Sci 2018; 10(2): e67544.##Aldhyani THH, Al-Yaari M, Alkahtani H, et al. Water quality prediction using artificial intelligence algorithms. Appl Bionic Biomechanic 2020; 2020: 6659314.##Alizamir M, Sobhanardakani S. A comparison of performance of artificial neural networks for prediction of heavy metals concentration in groundwater resources of Toyserkan Plain. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng 2017; 4(1): e11792.##Al-Adhaileh MH, Aldhyani THH, Alsaade FW, et al. Groundwater quality: The application of artificial intelligence. J Environ Publ Health 2022; 2022: 8425798.##Rajaee T, Pouraslan F. Temporal and spatial forecast of Davarzan plain groundwater level. Hydrogeomorphology 2015; 2(4): 1-19 (In Persian).##Alizamir M, Sobhanardakani S, Hasanalipour Shahrabadi A. Prediction of heavy metals concentration in the groundwater resources in Razan Plain: Extreme learning machine vs. artificial neural network and multivariate adaptive regression spline. Annal Mil Health Sci Res 2019; 17(4): e98554.##Farooq MU, Zafar AM, Raheem W, et al. Assessment of algorithm performance on predicting total dissolved solids using artificial neural network and multiple linear regression for the groundwater data. Water, 2022; 14(13): 2002.##Che Nordin NF, Mohd NS, Koting S, et al. Groundwater quality forecasting modelling using artificial intelligence: A review. Groundwater Sustain Dev 2021; 14: 100643.##Ghobadi A, Cheraghi M, Sobhanardakani S, et al. Groundwater quality modeling using a novel hybrid data-intelligence model based on gray wolf optimization algorithm and multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network: a case study in Asadabad Plain, Hamedan, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2022; 29(6): 8716-30.##Bui DT, Khosravi K, Tiefenbacher J, et al. Improving prediction of water quality indices using novel hybrid machine-learning algorithms. Sci Total Environ 2020; 721: 137612.##Alizamir M, Kazemi Z, Kazemi Z, et al. Investigating landfill leachate and groundwater quality prediction using a Robust Integrated Artificial Intelligence Model: Grey Wolf Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm and Extreme Learning Machine. Water 2023; 15(13): 2453.##Abbasi Teshnizi F, Nouri Emamzadehei MM. Assessment of groundwater quality in Kaboudarahang Plain using factor and cluster analysis. Environ Water Eng 2017; 3(3): 272-9 (In Persian).##Emami S, Noruzi-Sarkarabad R, Choopan Y. Use of artificial neural network and imperialist competitive algorithm to evaluate the groundwater quality of Jolfa Plain for various uses. 2021; 53(1): 313-30 (In Persian).##Sadatinejadi, SJ, Ghasemi L, Yousefi H. Redesign of groundwater monitoring network Kuhdasht Aquifer. Ecohydrology 2019; 5(4): 1255-66 (In Persian).##Emami H, Emami S. Presentating a New Approach for evaluating the hydro-geochemical quality of groundwater using Swarm Intelligence Algorithms. 2019; 6(1): 177-90 (In Persian).##Bahrami F, Egdernezhad A. Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Kriging models in predicting groundwater quality parameters (SAR, TDS and EC) of Dezful Andimeshk plain. J Res Environ Health 2023; 8(4): 365-77 (In Persian).##Majumder P, Eldho TI. Artificial Neural Network and Grey Wolf Optimizer based Surrogate Simulation-Optimization Model for groundwater remediation. Water Res Manage 2020; 34(2): 763-83.##Tikhamarine Y, Souag-Gamane D, Najah Ahmed A, et al. Improving artificial intelligence models accuracy for monthly streamflow forecasting using grey Wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. J Hydrol 2020; 582, 124435.##Moayedi H, Salari M, Dehrashid AA, et al. Groundwater quality evaluation using hybrid model of the multi-layer perceptron combined with neural-evolutionary regression techniques: case study of Shiraz plain. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 2023; 37(8): 2961-76.##Bahmani O, Zali A. Investigation and determination of the spatial distribution of nitrate and electrical conductivity in groundwater by geostatistical method (Case study: Kabudrahng Plain). J Environ Sci Technol 2021; 23(5): 143-57 (In Persian).##Göçken M, Özçalıcı M, Boru A, et al. Integrating metaheuristics and Artificial Neural Networks for improved stock price prediction. Expert Sys Appl 2016; 44: 320-31.##Wang J, Wang J. Forecasting stock market indexes using principle component analysis and stochastic time effective neural networks. Neurocomputing 2015; 156: 68-78.##Chi T. Understanding Chinese consumer adoption of apparel mobile commerce: An extended TAM approach. J Retail Consum Serv 2018; 44, 274-84.##Mirjalili S, Mirjalili SM, Lewis A. Grey wolf optimizer. Adv Eng softw 2014; 69: 46-61.‏##Jafarzadeh A, Khashei Siuki A. Performance examination of optimization model of groundwater monitoring network based on Gray wolf and Neural network (GNM) (Case study: Birjand plain). J Irrig Water Eng 2018; 8(3): 121-39 (In Persian).##Ahaninjan K, Egdernezhad A. Modeling qualitative parameters of SAR, EC, and TDS in groundwater using optimized artificial neural network model (Case study: Behbahan Plain). 2020; 6(2): 161-72 (In Persian).## ##

بررسی عملکرد نانو زئولیت نوع y اصلاح شده در حذف آنتی بیوتیک تتراسایکلین از محیط های آبی Investigating the performance of modified y-type nano zeolite in removing tetracycline antibiotic from aqueous environments 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها نوعی دارو هستند که در غلظت‌های مختلف از نانوگرم تا میکروگرم در منابع آب یافت می‌شوند و مقاومت بالای آنها در برابر تجزیه، حذف آنها را از محیط های آبی دشوار می کند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی حذف آنتی بیوتیک تتراسایکلین از محیط های آبی می باشد.             مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه نانو زئولیت نوع y اصلاح شده برای جذب تتراسایکلین سنتز شد. ویژگیهای جاذب نانو زئولیت نوع y اصلاح شده توسط FESEM، EDS، FTIR و آنالیز XRD مشخص شد. سپس فرآیند جذب تتراسایکلین  مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: بیشترین میزان حذف آنتی بیوتیک تتراسایکلین در غلظت برابر mg/L50 و زمان تماس 30 دقیقه، در 7pH= و غلظت نانو زئولیت y اصلاح شده 0/4 گرم بر لیتر 97/4% حاصل شد. فرآیند جذب تتراسایکلین از طریق نانو زئولیت y اصلاح شده با مدل ایزوترم لانگموییر)R2 =(0/991 و سینتیک شبه درجه دوم )0/0021K2 =(سازگار بود. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که نانو جاذب به طور قابل ملاحظه ای قادر به حذف تتراسایکلین در مدت زمان کم از محلول های آبی است. بنابراین به عنوان یک جاذب مؤثر می تواند برای حذف آنتی بیوتیک ها مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 2 Background: Antibiotics are a type of medicine that are found in different concentrations from nanograms to micrograms in water sources, and their high resistance to decomposition makes it difficult to remove them from aquatic environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the removal of tetracycline antibiotic from water environments. Methods: In this study, modified y-type nano zeolite was synthesized for tetracycline adsorption. The properties of modified y type nano zeolite adsorbent were determined by FESEM, EDS, FTIR and XRD analysis. Then the absorption process of tetracycline was investigated. Results: The highest removal rate of tetracycline antibiotic was achieved at a concentration equal to 50 mg/L and a contact time of 30 min, at pH=7 and a modified nano zeolite concentration of 0.4 g/L, 97.4%. The adsorption process of tetracycline through modified nano-zeolite y was compatible with the Langmuir isotherm model (R = 0.991) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (K2 = 0.002). Conclusion: The results showed that the nano adsorbent is significantly able to remove tetracycline from aqueous solutions in a short period of time. Therefore, it can be used as an effective adsorbent to remove antibiotics. 47 59 2023/12/222023/11/22023/11/5 1402/8/14 2024/01/192023/12/32024/02/5 1402/11/16 رقیه نوروزی Roghayeh Noroozi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط (RCHSE) ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج ، ایران Iran dr.norozi@yahoo.com منصور ضرابی Mansur Zarrabi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط (RCHSE) ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج ، ایران Iran محمد نوری سپهر Mohammad NooriSepehr گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط (RCHSE) ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج ، ایران Iran ابراهیم محمدی کلهری Ebrahim Mohammadi kalhori گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط (RCHSE) ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج ، ایران Iran Antibiotic surface adsorption nano zeolite y آنتی بیوتیک جذب سطحی نانو زئولیت y 1. Ersan M, Dogan H. Investigation of environmentally friendly adsorbent synthesis from eggshell by carbonization, immobilization, and radiation: Box-Benkhen Design and tetracyclin removal. Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 2023;20:100858.##Ali MMM, Ahmed MJ. Adsorption behavior of doxycycline antibiotic on NaY zeolite from wheat (Triticum aestivum) straws ash. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2017;81:218-24.##Guo Y, Huang W, Chen B, Zhao Y, Liu D, Sun Y, et al. Removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution by MCM-41-zeolite A loaded nano zero valent iron: synthesis, characteristic, adsorption performance and mechanism. Journal of hazardous materials. 2017;339:22-32.##Wang T, Meng Z, Liu L, Li W. Insights into the interaction between cadmium/tetracycline and nano-TiO2 on a zeolite surface. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2023;30(7):18522-34.##Mousavi SA, Janjani H. Antibiotics adsorption from aqueous solutions using carbon nanotubes: a systematic review. Toxin Reviews. 2018.##Liu M, Hou L-a, Yu S, Xi B, Zhao Y, Xia X. MCM-41 impregnated with A zeolite precursor: Synthesis, characterization and tetracycline antibiotics removal from aqueous solution. Chemical engineering journal. 2013;223:678-87.##Zhang L, Song X, Liu X, Yang L, Pan F, Lv J. Studies on the removal of tetracycline by multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Chemical engineering journal. 2011;178:26-33.##Al-Salihi S, Fidalgo MM, Xing Y. Fast Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solution by Aluminosilicate Zeolite Nanoparticles with High Adsorption Capacity. ACS ES&T Water. 2023;3(3):838-47.##Balakrishnan A, Chinthala M, Polagani RK, Vo D-VN. Removal of tetracycline from wastewater using g-C3N4 based photocatalysts: A review. Environmental Research. 2022:114660.##Abd El-Monaem EM, Omer AM, Khalifa RE, Eltaweil AS. Floatable cellulose acetate beads embedded with flower-like zwitterionic binary MOF/PDA for efficient removal of tetracycline. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2022;620:333-45.##Vinayagam R, Murugesan G, Varadavenkatesan T, Bhole R, Goveas LC, Samanth A, et al. Algal biomass-derived nano-activated carbon for the rapid removal of tetracycline by adsorption: experimentation and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system modeling. Bioresource Technology Reports. 2022;20:101291.##Picón D, Vergara-Rubio A, Estevez-Areco S, Cerveny S, Goyanes SJM. Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Tetracycline by Zeolites Immobilized on a PBAT Electrospun Membrane. 2022;28(1):81.##Yang X, Bismark S, Wang D, Liu Z, Tao Y, Sun Z, et al. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 modified bacterial cellulose/sodium alginate composite aerogel for efficient removal of tetracycline hydrochloride. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 2023;53:1-21.##Anis SF, Lalia BS, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N. Breaking through the selectivity-permeability tradeoff using nano zeolite-Y for micellar enhanced ultrafiltration dye rejection application. Separation and Purification Technology. 2020;242:116824.##Samadi M, Saghi M, Ghadiri K, Hadi M, Beikmohammadi M. Performance of simple Nano Zeolite Y and modified Nano Zeolite Y in phosphor removal fromaqueous solutions. Iranian journal of health and environment. 2010;3(1):27-36.##Tran HN, Van Viet P, Chao H-P. Surfactant modified zeolite as amphiphilic and dual-electronic adsorbent for removal of cationic and oxyanionic metal ions and organic compounds. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018;147:55-63.##Li Y, Simon AO, Jiao C, Zhang M, Yan W, Rao H, et al. Rapid removal of Sr2+, Cs+ and UO22+ from solution with surfactant and amino acid modified zeolite Y. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2020;302:110244.##Vidal CB, Raulino GS, Barros AL, Lima AC, Ribeiro JP, Pires MJ, et al. BTEX removal from aqueous solutions by HDTMA-modified Y zeolite. Journal of environmental management. 2012;112:178-85.##Hashemi MSH, Eslami F, Karimzadeh R. Organic contaminants removal from industrial wastewater by CTAB treated synthetic zeolite Y. Journal of environmental management. 2019;233:785-92.##Razmgar K, Mokhtari Hosseini ZB. Removal of As (V), Cr (VI) and Pb (II) from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified Sabzevar nanozeolite. Advances in Environmental Technology. 2016;2(2):105-9.##Pukcothanung Y, Siritanon T, Rangsriwatananon K. The efficiency of zeolite Y and surfactant-modified zeolite Y for removal of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1, 1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2018;258:131-40.##Miao J, Wang F, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S. The adsorption performance of tetracyclines on magnetic graphene oxide: A novel antibiotics absorbent. 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ارزیابی ارگونومی محیط کار اداری با استفاده از دو تکنیک ارزیابی اختصاصی و عمومی Evaluation of the ergonomics of the office work environment using two specific and general evaluation techniques 1 1 زمینه و هدف: با توجه به گسترش روز افزون مشکلات اسکلتی عضلانی (MSDs (ضروری است که ریسک فاکتورهای ارگونومی محیط کار با روش های عمومی و اختصاصی مورد بررسی و مقایسه قرار گیرند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی ارگونومی محیط کار اداری با استفاده از دو تکنیک ارزیابی اختصاصی و عمومی در دو دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کشور انجام شد.        مواد و روش ها: شیوع MSDs با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد نوردیک و ارزیابی ارگونومی کارکنان در محیط کار به روش ارزیابی سریع تنش اداری ROSA و ارزیابی سریع کل بدن REBA ارزیابی گردید. آمارهای توصیفی و آزمون های کای اسکور، تی مستقل و رگرسیون لجستیک به منظور توصیف و تحلیل داده ها به کار رفت. یافته ها: اختلاف میانگین امتیاز ROSA و میانگین ارتفاع مانیتور بین دو گروه از کارکنان شاغل در محیط کار اداری که MSDs را طی 12 ماه گذشته تجربه کرده اند و گروهی که تجربه نداشته اند معنادار است. به ازای یک واحد افزایش در امتیاز ROSA و یک سانتی متر ارتفاع مانیتور با درنظرگیری سایر متغیرهای مداخله گر، به ترتیب حدود 45 و 13 درصد شانس بروز MSDs افزایش می یاید. نتیجه گیری: ابزار ROSA نسبت به REBA روش قابل اعتمادتری برای ارزیابی ارگونومی محیط کار اداری است. امتیاز کلی روش ROSA و پارامترهای ایستگاه کار نظیر ارتفاع مانیتور می تواند در مشاغل اداری جهت طراحی مداخله های کاهش دهنده MSDs استفاده شود. مطالعات بیشتری به منظور قابلیت اعتماد ROSA لازم است تا اعتبار مداخلات ارگونومی مبتنی بر این روش افزایش یابد. 2 Background: Due to the increasing spread of musculoskeletal problems (MSDs), it is necessary to examine and compare the ergonomic risk factors of the workplace with general and specific methods. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ergonomics of the office work environment using two specific and general evaluation techniques in two universities of medical sciences in the country. Methods: The prevalence of MSDs was evaluated using the Nordic standard questionnaire and the ergonomic assessment of employees in the workplace using ROSA's quick assessment of administrative stress and REBA's quick assessment of the whole body. Descriptive statistics and chi-score, independent t-tests, and logistic regression tests were used to describe and analyze the data. Results: The difference in mean ROSA score and mean monitor height between two groups of employees who have experienced MSDs during the last 12 months and the group who have not experienced them is significant. For one unit increase in ROSA score and one centimeter of monitor height, considering other intervening variables, the chance of MSDs increases by 45% and 13%, respectively. Conclusion: The ROSA tool is a more reliable method to evaluate the ergonomics of the office work environment than REBA. The overall score of the ROSA method and workstation parameters such as monitor height can be used in office jobs to design interventions to reduce MSDs. More studies on the reliability of ROSA are needed to increase the validity of ergonomic interventions based on this method.   60 75 2023/12/222023/11/22023/11/52023/09/17 1402/6/26 2024/01/192023/12/32024/02/52023/12/12 1402/9/21 یحیی خسروی Yahya Khosravi گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای و ایمنی کار، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات غیر واگیر، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران yakhosravi@yahoo.com نرمین حسن زاده رنگی Narmin Hassanzadeh-Rangi گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای و ایمنی کار، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران narminhasanzadeh@yahoo.com سامان روشنی Saman Roshani مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران علی اسدی کرم Ali Asadikaram مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران مهسا الفی mahsa alfi مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران یگانه اختری yeganeh Akhtari موسسه بهداشت عمومی و تغذیه بالینی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشکده علوم بهداشت، دانشگاه فنلاند شرقی، کوپیو، فنلاند ایران علی اصغر فرشاد Ali Asghar Farshad مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت کار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران ایران Working Environments Physical Ergonomics Risk Assessments محیط کار ارگونومی فیزیکی ارزیابی ریسک Choobineh A. 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تعیین مقدار آفلاتوکسین M1 در نمونه‌های شیر استان‌های زنجان، گیلان، آذربایجان شرقی و کرمانشاه به روش ELISA Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples of Zanjan, Gilan, East Azerbaijan and Kermanshah provinces by ELISA method 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آفلاتوکسین­ M1 که به­ دنبال متابولیسم آفلاتوکسین B1 که از طریق خوراک آلوده وارد بدن دام می شود،ایجاد می گردد. انسان‌ها نیز از طریق مصرف شیر دام آلوده در معرض مواجهه با این مایکوتوکسین قرار می‌گیرند. این مایکوتوکسین دارای اثرات هپاتوتوکسیک، سرطان‌زایی و موتاژنی بسیار قوی بوده و به‌طور بالقوه برای سلامتی انسان مخاطره‌آمیز می‌باشد. با توجه به این­که شیر یکی از مواد غذایی مهم برای انسان به شمار می‌رود، بنابراین حصول اطمینان از سلامت شیر و عدم آلودگی آن با مواد مختلف ازجمله آفلاتوکسین M1 برای حفاظت از سلامت گروه‌های سنی مختلف امری ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه 180 نمونه شیر اعم از سنتی و صنعتی از 4 شهر تبریز، کرمانشاه، زنجان و رشت جمع‌آوری‌شده، نمونه‌ها سانتریفیوژ شده و چربی رویی آن برداشته‌شده و نمونه‌های شیر بدون چربی به روش ELISA رقابتی ازنظر آفلاتوکسین M1 موردسنجش قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که %100 نمونه‌های موردبررسی آلوده به آفلاتوکسین M1 بودند؛ که میانگین غلظت آلودگی M1 در شهر تبریز، کرمانشاه، زنجان و رشت به ترتیب 6/5±31/9، 16/9±30/7، 6/2±29/9 و 3/8±25/4 نانوگرم در لیتر در محدوده‌ی 2/134-1> نانوگرم در لیتر به دست آمد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه ما نشان داد که در تمامی نمونه‌های اخذشده از چهار شهر تبریز، کرمانشاه، زنجان و رشت، آلودگی به آفلاتوکسینM1   وجود دارد که سطح این آلودگی در فصل‌های مختلف متفاوت بود. به‌نحوی‌که بیشترین آلودگی در فصل پاییز و در نوع تولید سنتی، مشاهده شد. با توجه به مضرات آفلاتوکسینM1  برای سلامت انسان، کنترل مداوم خوراک دام ازلحاظ آفلاتوکسینB1  و کنترل شیر و محصولات آن به جهت عدم حضور آفلاتوکسین M1  بسیار مهم است. 2 Background: Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxins which is produced by metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 and enters to the human body through animal milk. It has very strong hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects and is potentially dangerous for human health. As milk is one of the most important foods for humans, it is essential to protect the health risk of Aflatoxin M1 in different age groups. In the present study, raw and pasteurized milk samples of Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, Gilan and Kermanshah provinces have been evaluated then contamination of the samples with aflatoxin M1 and also the status of this contamination in different seasons have been investigated. Methods: 180 samples (93 samples of raw milk and 87 samples of pasteurized milk) In the autumn and winter of 1997 and the spring and summer of 1998 were collected from stores in Zanjan, East Azarbaijan, Gilan and Kermanshah provinces. The samples were centrifuged, the surface fat removed, and competitive ELISA assessed for aflatoxin M1. Results: In this study, 180 samples were collected from 4 cities of Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht, where the level of aflatoxin M1 was measured by ELISA method. The results showed that 100% of the examined samples were infected with aflatoxin M1 and the average concentration aflatoxin M1 in Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht are 31.9±6.5, 30.7±16.9, 29.9±2.2 and 25.4±3.8 ng/L,that was observed in the range of <1-134.2 ng/liter. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that in all samples taken from four cities of Tabriz, Kermanshah, Zanjan and Rasht, there is aflatoxin M1 contamination that the level of this contamination was different from season to season. In such a way, the highest contamination was observed in the autumn and in the traditional type of production. Considering the harmfulness of aflatoxin M1 for human health, it is very important to continuously control animal feed in terms of aflatoxin B1 and control milk and its products for the absence of aflatoxin M1.   76 88 2023/12/222023/11/22023/11/52023/09/172024/01/10 1402/10/20 2024/01/192023/12/32024/02/52023/12/122024/02/5 1402/11/16 حامد قویمی Hamed Ghavimi گروه سم شناسی و فارماکولوژی، دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران ایران jamal_hossini@yahoo.com یاسمن تقوی Yasaman Taghavi گروه سم شناسی و فارماکولوژی، دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران ایران Yasman.Taghavi@yahoo.com فریناز اسمی Farinaz Esmi گروه بهداشت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، ایران ایران f.esmie19@gmail.com جواد تاج کی Javad Tajkey معاونت غذا و داروی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران ایران druytaj@zums.ac.ir سعید رضایی Saeed Rezaei گروه فارماسیوتیکس، دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، زنجان، ایران ایران rezaee.s@gmail.com مهران محسنی Mehran Mohseni دانشیار شیمی مواد خوراکی و آب شناسی، گروه کنترل غذا و دارو، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان ایران mohsenim@zums.ac.ir Aflatoxin M1 Raw milk Pasteurized milk ELISA آفلاتوکسین‌M1 شیر سنتی و صنعتی ELISA 1. 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ارزیابی بهداشت و ایمنی محیط کار انبارهای نفت و گاز مایع کشور Health and safety assessment of the working environment in oil and gas terminals in Iran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: انبارهای نفت و گاز مایع جزء تأسیسات کلیدی در هر کشور به شمار می‌رود. هدف از مطالعه حاضر ارایه الگویی تلفیقی از روش های ساده و کاربردی جهت ارزیابی بهداشت و ایمنی محیط کار انبار نفت و گاز مایع و سایر صنایع و خدمات مشابه بوده است. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه کیفی، داده‌ها به روش‌های بررسی میدانی، بررسی اسنادی، مصاحبه انفرادی، مصاحبه گروهی متمرکز و بحث گروهی متمرکز گردآوری و تولید شد. الگویی ترکیبی از فنون شامل واکاوی وظیفه، واکاوی اثر و حالت شکست، واکاوی درخت واقعه، واکاوی درخت خطا، نمودار استخوان ماهی به صورت مرحله به مرحله جهت ارزیابی بهداشت و ایمنی محیط کار معرفی و استفاده شد. یافته ها: مشاغل انبار نفت و گاز مایع وظایف و خطرات متعددی دارند. از میان مشاغل مورد مطالعه، مشاغل پرکننده گاز مایع (158RPN1=)، مکانیک عمومی (156RPN1=) و آزمایشگر (130RPN1=) بالاترین سطح ریسک را دارند که فراتر از حد حد بالای کنترل است و شغل استاد کار مواد نفتی (48RPN1=) کم‌ترین سطح ریسک را دارد و زیر حد پایین کنترل است. میزان ریسک سایر مشاغل در حد تحت کنترل هستند. نتیجه گیری: با اعمال پیشنهادات اصلاحی و پیشگیرانه ارایه شده در نمودار استخوان ماهی علت کنترل و آیین کار ایمن برای هر شغل، می توان سطح ریسک محیط کار را به زیر حد کنترل و محدوده ریسک ناچیز کاهش داد. الگوی ترکیبی و ساده استفاده شده در این مطالعه می تواند توسط سایر صنایع و خدمات کشور به کار رود. 2 Background: Oil and gas terminals are considered key facilities in every country. The present study aimed to provide a combined model to assess the health and safety of the oil and gas working environment and other similar industries and services. Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected and produced by the methods of field survey, document review, individual interview, focus group interview and focus group discussion. A combination model of techniques including task analysis, effect, and failure mode analysis, event tree analysis, fault tree analysis, and fishbone diagram, was introduced and used to evaluate the health and safety of the work environment. Results: Oil and gas terminal jobs have both many tasks and hazards. Among the studied jobs, liquid gas loaders (RPN1=158), general mechanics (RPN1=156), and lab technicians (RPN1=158) had the highest levels of risk that were over upper control while oil material masters had the lowest level of risk that was under lower control. Other jobs were under control. Conclusion: Applying the corrective and preventive suggestions presented in the cause-control fishbone diagram and safe work procedures for each job, the risk level of the studied workplace can be reduced below the control limit and the negligible risk range. Other industries and services can use the combined model in workplace risk management. 89 103 2023/12/222023/11/22023/11/52023/09/172024/01/102023/09/17 1402/6/26 2024/01/192023/12/32024/02/52023/12/122024/02/52023/12/12 1402/9/21 یحیی خسروی Yahya Khosravi گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای و ایمنی کار، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات غیر واگیر، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران yakhosravi@yahoo.com نرمین حسن زاده رنگی Narmin Hassanzadeh-Rangi گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای و ایمنی کار، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران-مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران narminhasanzadeh@yahoo.com محمدرضا حسن بیگی Mohammd-Reza Hassanbeigi کارشناس ارشد بهداشت حرفه ای، واحد HSE، شرکت ملی پخش فرآورده های نفتی ایران ایران yakhosravi@yahoo.com Risk assessment Health Safety Environment Oil terminal ارزیابی ریسک بهداشت ایمنی محیط کار انبار نفت 1. 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بررسی سواد زیست محیطی: مطالعه آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد حفاظت محیط زیست در دانشجویان دانشکده پرستاری شهرستان چابهار Investigating Environmental Literacy: studying the knowledge, attitude, and practice of environmental protection in nursing students of Chabehar city 1 1 زمینه و هدف: یکی از مسائلی که در دنیای رو به گسترش امروزی بسیار حائز اهمیت اسـت، مسـئله ی محیط زیسـت و حفاظـت از آن اسـت. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی سواد زیست محیطی( آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد محافظت محیط زیست) در دانشجویان دانشکده پرستاری شهرستان چابهار انجام گرفت. مواد و روش ها: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است که بر روی 200 دانشجوی پرستاری صورت گرفته است. نمونه پژوهش با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انجام گرفت. ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامه دموگرافیک و پرسشنامه سواد زیست محیطی بود. داده ها در نرم افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 18 وارد شدند و با استفاده از آزمون های آنوا و همبستگی پیرسون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد 69/8 درصد دانشجویان آگاهی خوب در خصوص رفتارهای حفاظت محیط زیست داشتند. و 66درصد دانشجویان نگرش زیست محیطی خوب و 50/8 درصد دانشجویان رفتار حفاظت محیط زیست ضعیفی داشتند. همچنین رفتار حفاظت محیط زیست دانشجویان با سطح تحصیلات پدر و مادر، جنسیت ارتباط آماری معناداری داشت(0/05> p). در نهایت نتایج نشان داد که بین متغیرهای آگاهی، نگرش و رفتار حفاظت محیط زیست همبستگی مثبت قوی وجود دارد. نتیجه گیری: به منظور ارتقاء رفتارهای حفاظت زیست محیطی در دانشجویان، می توان از برگزاری کلاس های آموزشی در زمینه محیط زیست، فعالیت‌های محیط زیست، استفاده از آموزش های غیر مستقیم جهت توسعه فرهنگ زیست محیطی استفاده نمود. 2 Background: One of the most important issues in today's expanding world is the issue of the environment and its protection. This study was conducted to investigate environmental literacy (knowledge, attitude, and performance of environmental protection) in nursing students of Chabehar City. Methods: This descriptive and analytical research was conducted on 200 nursing students. The research sample was obtained using Simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and an environmental literacy questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS version 18 statistical software and analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. Results: The results showed that 69.8% of students had good knowledge about environmental protection behaviors. And 66% of students had good environmental attitudes and 50.8% of students had poor environmental protection behavior. Also, students' environmental behavior had a statistically significant relationship with parents' education level, and gender (p < 0.05). Finally, the results showed that there is a strong positive correlation between environmental awareness, attitude, and behavior variables. Conclusion: To promote environmental protection behaviors in students, it is possible to hold educational classes in the field of environment, and environmental activities, and use indirect education to develop environmental culture. 104 115 2023/12/222023/11/22023/11/52023/09/172024/01/102023/09/172023/10/9 1402/7/17 2024/01/192023/12/32024/02/52023/12/122024/02/52023/12/122023/11/21 1402/8/30 محمدسعید جدگال Mohammad Saeed Jadgal گروه بهداشت عمومی، دانشکده پرستاری چابهار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایرانشهر، ایرانشهر، ایران ایران jadgal15@gmail.com عبدالوحید بامری Abdulwahid Bamri استادیار، گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران ایران AbdulwahidBamri@yahoo.com مرادعلی زارعی پور Moradali Zareipour استادیار، گروه بهداشت، دانشکده علوم پزشکی خوی، ایران ایران z.morad@yahoo.com صیداملک دادخواه Seydamalek Dadkhah گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایرانشهر، ایرانشهر، ایران ایران Seydamalek@yahoo.com هادی علیزاده سیوکی Hadi Alizadeh Siuki گروه بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران. ایران Alizadeh@yahoo.com Environmental literacy Knowledge Attitude Practice Environmental Protection Students سواد زیست محیطی آگاهی نگرش عملکرد حفاظت محیط زیست دانشجویان 1. Nejaei A, Babaiy S, Zareipour M. Factors related to behavior Disposal of Garbage in health staff based on health belief model. Journal of Research in Environmental Health 2018;3(4): 311-9.##Mahmoodabad SSM, Movahed E, Ameri M, et al. Predictive factors related to the waste collection behavior in Kerman City based on the Health Belief Model. The Journal of Tolooebehdasht 2019;17(5): 10-22.##Shahbazi S, Khosravi S, Mehdizadeh H, Gholami M. Attitudes towards environmental protection by Grounded Theory approach (The Case of Agricultural students of Razi University in Kermanshah). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2020;22(10): 37-50.##Liu S, Guo L. Based on environmental education to study the correlation between environmental knowledge and environmental value. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 2018;14(7): 3311-9.##Islam T, Ali G, Asad H. Environmental CSR and pro-environmental behaviors to reduce environmental dilapidation: The moderating role of empathy. Management Research Review 2018;42(3): 1-4.##Heidaei Sarban V. Study and Analysis of Social Factors on Empowerment of Behaviors Related to Environment Conservation in the Rural Areas, Case Study: Ardebil County. Journal of Applied Sociology 2019;30(2): 47-64.##Ertekin T, Yüksel Ç. The role of ecological literacy education with academic support in raising environmental awareness for high school students: "Enka ecological literacy summer camp project case study". Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2014;120: 124-32.##Boca GD, Saraçlı S. Environmental education and student's perception, for sustainability. Sustainability 2019;11(6): 1553.##Ghaemi A, Ghaemi P, Shobeiri SM. Level of environmental literacy of government employees to select the most appropriate education method. Environmental Sciences 2014;12(2): 43-54.##zareipour m, Asgari E. The need for environmental literacy to promote environmental protection behaviors in society. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences 2023;10(1): 1165-9.##Mihanpour H, Khashij M, Shamsizadeh Z, et al. Assessment of environmental literacy: A case study of Yazd citizens' awareness, attitudes, and practices in 2017. Journal of Community Health Research 2020.##HooshmandFiroozabadi F, Poorsaiedi M, Salamatian S, Sodaiezadeh H. Investigation of Knowledge and attitudes of Yazd students the environment and its function in society. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2019;21(10): 217-29.##Sadegh Salehi, Pazukinejad Z. Environment in higher education: assessment of environmental knowledge of Mazandaran State University students. Journal of Educational Planning Studies 2014;2(4): 199-221.##Sabzehei M, Gholipoor S, Adinevand M. A survey of the relationship between environmental awareness, attitude and pro-environmental behavior of female students at Qom University. 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Assessing the healthcare workers' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward health, safety, and environment in an educational hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences (2012-2013). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2017;19(4): 347-55.##Zsóka Á, Szerényi ZM, Széchy A, Kocsis T. Greening due to environmental education? Environmental knowledge, attitudes, consumer behavior and everyday pro-environmental activities of Hungarian high school and university students. Journal of Cleaner Production 2013;48: 126-38.##Suryawati E, Suzanti F, Zulfarina Z, et al. The implementation of local environmental problem-based learning student worksheets to strengthen environmental literacy. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia 2020;9(2): 169-78.## ##

ارزیابی پاسخ گونه های درختی به آلودگی هوا با استفاده از زیست نشانگرهای بیوفیزیکی و بیوشیمیایی برگ Assessment The Response of Urban Tree Species to Air Pollution Using Biophysical and Biochemical Leaf Biomarkers 1 1 زمینه و هدف: باتوجه به نقش پوشش­های گیاهی در کاهش و جذب آلاینده­های هوا ارزیابی مقاومت گونه­های مختلف نسبت به آلاینده­های محیطی به منظور انتخاب گونه­های مناسب از اهمیت بسیار بالایی برخوردار می­باشد. از اینرو هدف مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی مقاومت گونه­های چنار P. orientalis، شاه­توت M. nigra و عرعر A. altissima نسبت به آلودگی هوا با استفاده از زیست نشانگرهای بیوفیزیکی و بیوشیمیایی برگ می­باشد. مواد و روش ها: بدین منظور نمونه­برداری از برگهای سه گونه درختی از شش ایستگاه در شهر اصفهان صورت گرفت. پس از انتقال نمونه­ها به آزمایشگاه تراکم روزنه­ها، میزان پروتئین کل، قندهای محلول و آنتوسیانین برگ آنها اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد گونه­های شاه­توت وعرعر با افزایش، و گونه چنار با کاهش تراکم روزنه های خود نسبت به آلودگی هوا پاسخ نشان داده­اند. میزان پروتئین کل برگ شاه­توت، چنار و عرعر به میزان 48/93، 55/76 و 23/53 درصد در مناطق آلوده نسبت به مناطق پاک بیشتر بوده است. این میزان برای قندهای محلول و آنتوسانین در شاه­توت، چنار و عرعر به ترتیب برابر( 90/22، 38/65 و 88/88) و برابر (19/64، 88/8 و 80/05) درصد بوده است. نتیجه گیری: براساس یافته­ها می­توان نتیجه گرفت درختان در ارتباط با تراکم روزنه ­ها پاسخ نسبتا متفاوتی نسبت به آلودگی هوا می­دهند که این امر می­تواند به دو طریق افزایش یا کاهش تراکم روزنه­ها باشد. افزایش مقدار پروتئین کل، قندهای محلول و آنتوسیانین موجود در برگ درختان منطقه آلوده بیانگر این موضوع است که این درختان نسبت به مقدار آلودگی آلاینده­های مقاوم هستند و از این استراتژیها جهت سازگاری و مقابله با آلاینده­ها استفاده می­کنند. 2 Background: : Regarding to the role of trees in reduction and absorption air pollutants, assessing the tolerance of different tree species to environmental pollutants is very much important in order to select suitable species around any polluted place. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of P. orientalis, M. nigra and A. altissima species to air pollution using biophysical and biochemical leaf biomarkers. Methods: For this purpose, sampling of the leaves from all three species was carried out at six stations in Isfahan, after being transferred to the laboratory, the Stomatal density, total protein content, soluble sugars and anthocyanin were calculated. Results: The results showed that M. nigra and A. altissima species responded to air pollution by increasing and P. orientalis by reducing the density of stomata. The amount of total protein content of M. nigra, P. orientalis and A. altissima leaves were 48.93, 55.76 and 23.53% higher in polluted areas than in unpolluted areas. The value of soluble sugars and anthocyanins in M. nigra, P. orientalis and A. altissima leaves were found (90.22, 38.65 and 88.88) and (19.64, 88.8 and 80.05%) in polluted areas compared to non-polluted areas. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that trees have differently respond to air pollution in relation to stomata density, which can be done in two ways, increasing or decreasing stomata density. Increasing the amount of total protein, soluble sugars and anthocyanins in the leaves of trees in the polluted area indicates that these trees are tolerant to pollutants and they applied these useful strategies to adapt and deal with pollutants. 116 129 2023/12/222023/11/22023/11/52023/09/172024/01/102023/09/172023/10/92023/12/25 1402/10/4 2024/01/192023/12/32024/02/52023/12/122024/02/52023/12/122023/11/212024/01/10 1402/10/20 مسعود حاتمی منش Masoud Hatami-manesh گروه برنامه ریزی و مدیریت زیست بومی تالابها، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست ایران masoud_hatami68@yahoo.com ثمر مرتضوی Samar Mortazavi گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران ایران mortazavi.s@gmail.com عیسی سلگی Eisa Silgi گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، همدان، ایران ایران e.solgi@yahoo.com احمد مهتدی Ahmad Mohtadi گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران ایران A.mohtadi@yu.ac.ir Air pollution Biomarkers Stomatal density Anthocyanin Heavy metals آلودگی هوا زیست نشانگرهای برگ تراکم روزنه آنتوسیانین فلزات سنگین Majee CK, Ali SY, Padhy PK. 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