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بررسی کارایی فرآیند ترکیبی نقاط کوانتومی کربن - پرسولفات در حذف آنتی بیوتیک آموکسی سیلین از محلول‌های آبی Assessing the Efficacy of the Combined Carbon Quantum Dots - Persulfate Process for the Removal of Amoxicillin from Aqueous Solutions 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها از آلاینده‌های نوظهور می‌باشند که از طریق ورود به محیط‌زیست موجب ایجاد مشکلات جدی شده است. لذا مطالعه حاضر باهدف بررسی اکسیداسیون آنتی‌بیوتیک آموکسی‌سیلین به‌وسیله فرایند نقاط کوانتومی کربنی / پرسولفات انجام‌شده است. مواد و روش ها: همه آزمایش‌ها در ظرف شیشه‌ای با حجم 250 میلی لیتر انجام شد. تأثیر پارامترهای عملیاتی در شرایط بهینه شامل زمان واکنش، pH، غلظت آموکسی‌سیلین، غلظت پرسولفات و دوز کاتالیست بر راندمان حذف مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد بیشترین نرخ تجزیه آموکسی­سیلین (kobs) به‌وسیله فرآیند نقاط کوانتومی کربن/پرسولفات به میزان min-1 0/0127 است. همچنین بیشترین میزان حذف آنتی‌بیوتیک در شرایط بهینه: 5=pH، دوز پرسولفات: 2 میلی­مول، غلظت آموکسی­سیلین 12/5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر در زمان 75 دقیقه به میزان 89% به دست آمد. همچنین میزان معدنی سازی 33% به دست آمد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر مؤثر بودن اکسیداسیون آموکسی‌سیلین به روش نقاط کربنی کوانتومی/پرسولفات می‌باشد. 2 Background: Antibiotics are increasingly recognized as emerging pollutants, posing significant environmental concerns upon entering ecosystems. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the oxidation of the antibiotic amoxicillin using the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process. Methods: All experiments were conducted in a 250 mL glass container. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, amoxicillin concentration, persulfate concentration, and catalyst dose, were investigated under optimal conditions to assess their influence on the removal efficiency. Results: The results demonstrate that the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process exhibited the highest decomposition rate (kobs) of amoxicillin, with a rate constant of 0.0127 min-1. The optimal conditions for maximum antibiotic removal were found to be pH 5, a persulfate dose of 2 mM, and an amoxicillin concentration of 12.5 mg/L, resulting in a removal rate of 89% within 75 minutes. Furthermore, the mineralization rate was observed to be 33%. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the carbon quantum dot/persulfate process in oxidizing amoxicillin. 256 267 2024/06/8 1403/3/19 2024/06/12 1403/3/23 کیومرث شرفی Kiomars Sharfi مرکز تحقیقات عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر سلامت، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران kio.sharafi@gmail.com نظیر فتاحی Nazir Fattahi مرکز تحقیقات عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر سلامت، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران nazirfatahi@yahoo.com مسعود مرادی Masoud Moradi مرکز تحقیقات عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر سلامت، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران mahfooz60@gmail.com Amoxicillin Carbon Quantum Dot Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Process آموکسی سیلین کربن دات پرسولفات اکسیداسیون پیشرفته 1. Moussavi G, Alahabadi A, Yaghmaeian K, Eskandari M. Preparation, characterization and adsorption potential of the NH4Cl-induced activated carbon for the removal of amoxicillin antibiotic from water. Chemical engineering journal 2013;217: 119-28.##Heberer T. Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicology letters 2002;131(1-2): 5-17.##Magureanu M, Piroi D, Mandache N, et al. Degradation of antibiotics in water by non-thermal plasma treatment. Water research 2011;45(11): 3407-16.##Ferrari B, Mons R, Vollat B, et al. Environmental risk assessment of six human pharmaceuticals: are the current environmental risk assessment procedures sufficient for the protection of the aquatic environment? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal 2004;23(5): 1344-54.##Dimitrakopoulou D, Rethemiotaki I, Frontistis Z, et al. Degradation, mineralization and antibiotic inactivation of amoxicillin by UV-A/TiO2 photocatalysis. Journal of environmental management 2012;98: 168-74.##Çağlar Yılmaz H, Akgeyik E, Bougarrani S, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using Co-doped TiO2 synthesized by reflux method and monitoring of degradation products by LC-MS/MS. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 2020;41(3): 414-25.##Kattel E, Kaur B, Trapido M, Dulova N. Persulfate-based photodegradation of a beta-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin in various water matrices. Environmental technology 2020;41(2): 202-10.##Pirsaheb M, Hosseini H, Mohamadi Sorkali H, et al. preconcentration and determination of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone in hospital sewage using vortex-assisted liquid- phase microextraction based on the solidification of the deep eutectic solvent followed by HPLC-UV. International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 2019;99(2): 112-23.##Salimi M, Behbahani M, Sobhi HR, et al. A new nano-photocatalyst based on Pt and Bi co-doped TiO 2 for efficient visible-light photo degradation of amoxicillin. New Journal of Chemistry 2019;43(3): 1562-8.##Zhao J, Sun Y, Wu F, et al. Oxidative degradation of amoxicillin in aqueous solution by thermally activated persulfate. Journal of Chemistry 2019;2019(1): 2505823.##Ike IA, Linden KG, Orbell JD, Duke M. Critical review of the science and sustainability of persulphate advanced oxidation processes. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018;338: 651-69.##Liu C, Wu B. Sulfate radical-based oxidation for sludge treatment: a review. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018;335: 865-75.##Duan X, Sun H, Tade M, Wang S. Metal-free activation of persulfate by cubic mesoporous carbons for catalytic oxidation via radical and nonradical processes. Catalysis Today 2018;307: 140-6.##Pirsaheb M, Moradi S, Shahlaei M, Farhadian N. Application of carbon dots as efficient catalyst for the green oxidation of phenol: kinetic study of the degradation and optimization using response surface methodology. Journal of hazardous materials 2018;353: 444-53.##Chen Q, Chen L, Qi J, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin by carbon quantum dots modified K2Ti6O13 nanotubes: Effect of light wavelength. Chinese Chemical Letters 2019;30(6): 1214-8.##Pan J, Sheng Y, Zhang J, et al. Preparation of carbon quantum dots/TiO 2 nanotubes composites and their visible light catalytic applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014;2(42): 18082-6.##Kalantary RR, Rahmatinia M, Moradi M. Data on modeling of UV/Na2S2O8/FeS2 process in amoxicillin removal using Box-Behnken methodology. Data in Brief 2018;19: 1810-5.##Amiri R, Rezaei A, Fattahi N, et al. Carbon quantum dots decorated Ag/CuFe2O4 for persulfate-assisted visible light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: A comparative study. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2022;47: 102742.##Chunduri L, Kurdekar A, Patnaik S, et al. Carbon quantum dots from coconut husk: evaluation for antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Materials Focus 2016;5(1): 55-61.##Li H, Liu R, Liu Y, et al. Carbon quantum dots/Cu 2 O composites with protruding nanostructures and their highly efficient (near) infrared photocatalytic behavior. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012;22(34): 17470-5.##Lebik-Elhadi H, Frontistis Z, Ait-Amar H, et al. Degradation of pesticide thiamethoxam by heat-activated and ultrasound-activated persulfate: effect of key operating parameters and the water matrix. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020;134: 197-207.##Ayuba S, Mohammadib AA, Yousefic M, Changanic F. Performance evaluation of agro-based adsorbents for the removal of cadmium from wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment 2019;142: 293-9.##Norzaee S, Taghavi M, Djahed B, Mostafapour FK. Degradation of Penicillin G by heat activated persulfate in aqueous solution. Journal of environmental management 2018;215: 316-23.##Gao Y, Wang Q, Ji G, Li A. Degradation of antibiotic pollutants by persulfate activated with various carbon materials. Chemical Engineering Journal 2022;429: 132387.##Kumar S, Tewari C, Sahoo NG, Philip L. Mechanistic insights into carbo-catalyzed persulfate treatment for simultaneous degradation of cationic and anionic dye in multicomponent mixture using plastic waste-derived carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2022;435: 128956.##Chen M-M, Niu H-Y, Niu C-G, et al. Metal-organic framework-derived CuCo/carbon as an efficient magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for persulfate activation and ciprofloxacin degradation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2022;424: 127196.##Mensah K, Samy M, Ezz H, et al. Utilization of iron waste from steel industries in persulfate activation for effective degradation of dye solutions. Journal of Environmental Management 2022;314: 115108.##Sang W, Xu X, Zhan C, et al. Recent advances of antibiotics degradation in different environment by iron-based catalysts activated persulfate: A review. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2022;49: 103075.##Li L, Zhang Y, Yang S, et al. Cobalt-loaded cherry core biochar composite as an effective heterogeneous persulfate catalyst for bisphenol A degradation. RSC advances 2022;12(12): 7284-94.##Sepyani F, Soltani RDC, Jorfi S, et al. Implementation of continuously electro-generated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for activation of persulfate to decompose amoxicillin antibiotic in aquatic media: UV254 and ultrasound intensification. Journal of environmental management 2018;224: 315-26.##1. Moussavi G, Alahabadi A, Yaghmaeian K, Eskandari M. Preparation, characterization and adsorption potential of the NH4Cl-induced activated carbon for the removal of amoxicillin antibiotic from water. Chemical engineering journal 2013;217: 119-28.##Heberer T. Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: a review of recent research data. Toxicology letters 2002;131(1-2): 5-17.##Magureanu M, Piroi D, Mandache N, et al. Degradation of antibiotics in water by non-thermal plasma treatment. Water research 2011;45(11): 3407-16.##Ferrari B, Mons R, Vollat B, et al. Environmental risk assessment of six human pharmaceuticals: are the current environmental risk assessment procedures sufficient for the protection of the aquatic environment? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal 2004;23(5): 1344-54.##Dimitrakopoulou D, Rethemiotaki I, Frontistis Z, et al. Degradation, mineralization and antibiotic inactivation of amoxicillin by UV-A/TiO2 photocatalysis. Journal of environmental management 2012;98: 168-74.##Çağlar Yılmaz H, Akgeyik E, Bougarrani S, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin using Co-doped TiO2 synthesized by reflux method and monitoring of degradation products by LC-MS/MS. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 2020;41(3): 414-25.##Kattel E, Kaur B, Trapido M, Dulova N. Persulfate-based photodegradation of a beta-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin in various water matrices. Environmental technology 2020;41(2): 202-10.##Pirsaheb M, Hosseini H, Mohamadi Sorkali H, et al. preconcentration and determination of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone in hospital sewage using vortex-assisted liquid- phase microextraction based on the solidification of the deep eutectic solvent followed by HPLC-UV. International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 2019;99(2): 112-23.##Salimi M, Behbahani M, Sobhi HR, et al. A new nano-photocatalyst based on Pt and Bi co-doped TiO 2 for efficient visible-light photo degradation of amoxicillin. New Journal of Chemistry 2019;43(3): 1562-8.##Zhao J, Sun Y, Wu F, et al. Oxidative degradation of amoxicillin in aqueous solution by thermally activated persulfate. Journal of Chemistry 2019;2019(1): 2505823.##Ike IA, Linden KG, Orbell JD, Duke M. Critical review of the science and sustainability of persulphate advanced oxidation processes. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018;338: 651-69.##Liu C, Wu B. Sulfate radical-based oxidation for sludge treatment: a review. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018;335: 865-75.##Duan X, Sun H, Tade M, Wang S. Metal-free activation of persulfate by cubic mesoporous carbons for catalytic oxidation via radical and nonradical processes. Catalysis Today 2018;307: 140-6.##Pirsaheb M, Moradi S, Shahlaei M, Farhadian N. Application of carbon dots as efficient catalyst for the green oxidation of phenol: kinetic study of the degradation and optimization using response surface methodology. Journal of hazardous materials 2018;353: 444-53.##Chen Q, Chen L, Qi J, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin by carbon quantum dots modified K2Ti6O13 nanotubes: Effect of light wavelength. Chinese Chemical Letters 2019;30(6): 1214-8.##Pan J, Sheng Y, Zhang J, et al. Preparation of carbon quantum dots/TiO 2 nanotubes composites and their visible light catalytic applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2014;2(42): 18082-6.##Kalantary RR, Rahmatinia M, Moradi M. Data on modeling of UV/Na2S2O8/FeS2 process in amoxicillin removal using Box-Behnken methodology. Data in Brief 2018;19: 1810-5.##Amiri R, Rezaei A, Fattahi N, et al. Carbon quantum dots decorated Ag/CuFe2O4 for persulfate-assisted visible light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: A comparative study. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2022;47: 102742.##Chunduri L, Kurdekar A, Patnaik S, et al. Carbon quantum dots from coconut husk: evaluation for antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Materials Focus 2016;5(1): 55-61.##Li H, Liu R, Liu Y, et al. Carbon quantum dots/Cu 2 O composites with protruding nanostructures and their highly efficient (near) infrared photocatalytic behavior. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012;22(34): 17470-5.##Lebik-Elhadi H, Frontistis Z, Ait-Amar H, et al. Degradation of pesticide thiamethoxam by heat-activated and ultrasound-activated persulfate: effect of key operating parameters and the water matrix. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020;134: 197-207.##Ayuba S, Mohammadib AA, Yousefic M, Changanic F. Performance evaluation of agro-based adsorbents for the removal of cadmium from wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment 2019;142: 293-9.##Norzaee S, Taghavi M, Djahed B, Mostafapour FK. Degradation of Penicillin G by heat activated persulfate in aqueous solution. Journal of environmental management 2018;215: 316-23.##Gao Y, Wang Q, Ji G, Li A. Degradation of antibiotic pollutants by persulfate activated with various carbon materials. Chemical Engineering Journal 2022;429: 132387.##Kumar S, Tewari C, Sahoo NG, Philip L. Mechanistic insights into carbo-catalyzed persulfate treatment for simultaneous degradation of cationic and anionic dye in multicomponent mixture using plastic waste-derived carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2022;435: 128956.##Chen M-M, Niu H-Y, Niu C-G, et al. Metal-organic framework-derived CuCo/carbon as an efficient magnetic heterogeneous catalyst for persulfate activation and ciprofloxacin degradation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2022;424: 127196.##Mensah K, Samy M, Ezz H, et al. Utilization of iron waste from steel industries in persulfate activation for effective degradation of dye solutions. Journal of Environmental Management 2022;314: 115108.##Sang W, Xu X, Zhan C, et al. Recent advances of antibiotics degradation in different environment by iron-based catalysts activated persulfate: A review. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2022;49: 103075.##Li L, Zhang Y, Yang S, et al. Cobalt-loaded cherry core biochar composite as an effective heterogeneous persulfate catalyst for bisphenol A degradation. RSC advances 2022;12(12): 7284-94.##Sepyani F, Soltani RDC, Jorfi S, et al. Implementation of continuously electro-generated Fe3O4 nanoparticles for activation of persulfate to decompose amoxicillin antibiotic in aquatic media: UV254 and ultrasound intensification. Journal of environmental management 2018;224: 315-26.## ##

اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر اثربخشی آموزش ایمنی کارکنان سازمان آتش‌نشانی فردیس با استفاده از مدل تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره Prioritization of the Effectiveness Factors on the Safety Education for Employees of the Fardis Fire Protection Organization Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model 1 1 زمینه و هدف: برنامه‌های آموزش ایمنی نقشی کلیدی در موفقیت سازمان‌ها و کاهش آسیب‌های شغلی ایفا می‌کنند. اثربخش بودن چنین برنامه‌هایی نه‌تنها فرصت‌های تازه برای بهبود مهارت‌های ایمنی در اختیار کارکنان می‌گذارد، بلکه به بهره‌وری بیش‌تر و بهبود فرهنگ ایمنی نیز منجر می شود. لذا، این پژوهش با هدف اولویت‌بندی عوامل مؤثر بر اثربخشی آموزش ایمنی کارکنان سازمان آتش‌نشانی فردیس با استفاده از مدل تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: در اجرای این پژوهش، ابتدا با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی نسبت به غربال معیارهای اصلی شامل "کیفیت آموزش"، "کمیت آموزش" و "سیاست‌ها و اقدامات توسعه‌ای" و زیرمعیارها اقدام، و پس از آن از طریق مقایسات زوجی نسبت به وزن‌دهی معیارها و زیرمعیارها، و تعیین روابط درونی بین معیارها با استفاده از تکنیک DEMATEL اقدام شد. سپس، با ادغام نتایج ANP و دیمتل در نرم‌افزار سوپردسیژن، نسبت به اولویت‌بندی و وزن‌دهی نهایی معیارها با استفاده از نظر کارشناسی 10 نفر از خبرگان سازمان آتش‌نشانی فردیس اقدام شد. یافته ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در بین معیارها، "کیفیت آموزش" با وزن نهایی برابر با 0/515 در اولویت اول و "سیاست‌ها و اقدامات توسعه‌ای" از بیش‌ترین تاثیرگذاری برخوردار بودند. از طرفی، معیار "کمیت آموزش" از بیش‌ترین میزان تاثیرپذیری و تعامل برخوردار بود. همچنین، در بین زیرمعیارها، "حضور مستمر فراگیرها و مدرس در دوره‌ها" با وزن نهایی برابر با 0/104 اولویت اول را به‌خود اختصاص داد.   نتیجه گیری: به‌طور کلی، می‌توان اذعان داشت که اگر به مقوله آموزش نیروی شاغل به‌طور مستمر و کافی توجه نشود، ممکن است برخی از جنبه­های شغلی که به آموزش نیاز دارند مورد غفلت واقع شده و با گذشت زمان، برخی از آموزه‌ها به فراموشی سپرده شوند. لذا، برای حفظ اثربخشی مقوله آموزش، نسبت به تدوین سند سیاست‌گذاری برگزاری دوره‌های آموزش ایمنی توصیه می‌شود. 2 Background: Safety training programs play an important role in the success of organizations and reducing occupational injuries. The effectiveness of such programs not only provides employees with new opportunities to improve their safety skills, but also can be leading to greater productivity and improvement of safety culture. Therefore, this study was conducted to prioritize the factors affecting the effectiveness of safety training for employees of Fardis Fire Protection Organization using multi-criteria decision-making model. Methods: : In the current study, the criteria (including the quality and quantity of education and development policies and measures) and sub-criteria were identified from the similar studies and their screened using the Delphi technique. Then the criteria and sub-criteria of each criterion were subjected to pair wise comparisons and weighting. The internal relationships between the criteria were determined using DEMATEL technique; also, the final prioritization and weighting of the results were done using ANP and DEMATEL via the Super Decisions software. In so doing, 10 experts of Fardis Fire Protection Organization were selected in a non-probabilistic way to respond. Results: Based on the results obtained, "quality of education" criterion with a final weight of 0.515 had the first priority among the other criteria. Also, the "development policies and measures" criterion had the most effectiveness. Besides, "quantity of education" criterion had the highest level of influence and interaction. Meanwhile, "continuous presence of selected learners and teachers in the courses" sub-criterion with a final weight of 0.104 had the first priority among the others. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be argued that don't continuously and adequately paid attention to the employee's training could be leading to reduced effectiveness of safety training. Therefore, in order to maintain the effectiveness of the training programs, it is recommended to design the safety training courses in line with the organization policies. 268 286 2024/06/82024/05/12 1403/2/23 2024/06/122024/06/8 1403/3/19 هومن ولی‌زاده Homan Valizadeh کارشناس ارشد مهندسی ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط‌ زیست، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه و فن‌آوری‌های نوین، واحد الکترونیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران hooman.valizadeh1371@gmail.com سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhanardakani دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران s_sobhan@iauh.ac.ir نرگس کارگری Nargess Kargari دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران ایران nkargari@gmail.com Effectiveness factors Firefighter Safety training Multi-criteria decision making Iran فاکتورهای اثربخش آتش‌نشان آموزش ایمنی تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره ایران Shojaa K, Karami M, Ahanchian MR, et al. 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اثر کشت مخلوط بر میزان انباشت کادمیوم در خاک و گیاه برنج: یک مطالعه مروری Effect of intercropping on the Cd accumulation in soil and rice plants: A review 1 1 زمینه و هدف: غلظت بالای کادمیوم در خاک‌های شالیزاری و انتقال آن به دانه برنج و زنجیره غذایی یک مشکل جدی زیست‌محیطی است. ازاین‌رو، توسعه روش‌هایی برای کاهش تجمع کادمیوم در برنج و حفظ ایمنی مواد غذایی ضروری است. گیاه‌پالایی یک روش مقرون‌به‌صرفه برای حذف یا استخراج کادمیوم از محیط آلوده است. کشت مخلوط یکی از تکنیک‌های مؤثر برای افزایش کارایی گیاه‌پالایی کادمیوم در نظر گرفته می‌شود. براین‌اساس، هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر کشت مخلوط بر میزان انباشت کادمیوم در خاک و گیاه برنج است. مواد و روش ها: جمع‌آوری داده‌های مطالعه حاضر از طریق جستجوی مقالات در  پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی شاملGoogle Scholar ، Springer، ScienceDirect، ProQuest،PubMed ، ResearchGate، Scopus و Elsevier بود. در جستجوی اولیه، درمجموع 62 مقاله در بازه‌ی زمانی 2003 تا 2024 یافت شد و پس از حذف موارد تکراری، این تعداد به 45 رسید. سپس در مرحله غربالگری، عنوان و چکیده مقالات مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و در انتهای این مرحله تعداد 29 مقاله باقی ماند. درنهایت پس از بررسی متن کامل مقالات، تعداد 19 مقاله برای این مطالعه استفاده شد. جمع‌آوری داده‌های مطالعه حاضر از طریق جستجوی مقالات در  پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی شاملGoogle Scholar ، Springer، ScienceDirect، ProQuest،PubMed ، ResearchGate، Scopus و Elsevier بود. در جستجوی اولیه، درمجموع 62 مقاله در بازه‌ی زمانی 2003 تا 2024 یافت شد و پس از حذف موارد تکراری، این تعداد به 45 رسید. سپس در مرحله غربالگری، عنوان و چکیده مقالات مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و در انتهای این مرحله تعداد 29 مقاله باقی ماند. درنهایت پس از بررسی متن کامل مقالات، تعداد 19 مقاله برای این مطالعه استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج مطالعات نشان داد که کشت مخلوط ارقام برنج کم انباشته کننده با ارقام برنج بیش انباشته کننده کادمیوم، یک روش سودمند برای اصلاح کادمیوم در خاک‌های شالیزاری است. به‌طوری‌که کشت مخلوط با رقم برنج بیش انباشته کننده سبب کاهش محتوای کادمیوم دانه و بهبود عملکرد رقم برنج کم انباشته کننده کادمیوم شد. همچنین کشت مخلوط برنج با اسفناج آبی، سزبانیا، Alligator flag، Sphagneticola calendulacea، Canna indica و Pontederia cordata می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک روش مؤثر برای اصلاح کادمیوم عمل کرده و ایمنی دانه برنج را تضمین کند. نتیجه گیری: کشت مخلوط برنج با گیاهان بیش انباشته کننده‌ یک روش کارآمد برای دستیابی به تولید ایمن برنج و گیاه‌پالایی خاک‌های آلوده به کادمیوم است. 2 Background: A high cadmium (Cd) concentration in the paddy soil and translocation to the rice grain and the food chain is a serious environmental problem. Hence, it is essential to develop strategies for reducing Cd accumulation in rice and maintaining food safety. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective technique used to extract or remove Cd from contaminated sites. Intercropping is regarded as an effective technique for enhancing the Cd phytoremediation efficiency. According to this, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intercropping on the Cd accumulation in soil and rice plants. Methods: Data for the present study was collected through searching articles in databases, including Google Scholar, Springer, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus and Elsevier. In the initial search, a total of 62 articles were found in the period 2003 to 2022, and was reduced after removing duplicates to 45 articles. Then, in the screening stage, the title and abstract of the articles were reviewed and at the end, 29 articles remained. The full text of the screened articles was studied and finally, 19 articles were used in this study. Results: The results showed that intercropping of the high-Cd and the low-Cd rice cultivars is an advantageous practice for Cd remediation in paddy soils. So that intercropping with the high-Cd rice cultivar decreased grain Cd content, and improved the yield of the low-Cd rice cultivar. Also, intercropping of rice with Water spinach, Sesbania cannabina, Alligator flag, Sphagneticola calendulacea, Canna indica and Pontederia cordata, can function as an effective way for Cd remediation and guarantee rice grain safety. Conclusion: Intercropping with hyperaccumulator plants is ideal to achieve safe rice production and phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil. 287 301 2024/06/82024/05/122024/05/2 1403/2/13 2024/06/122024/06/82024/06/11 1403/3/22 سجاد شاکرکوهی Sajjad Shaker کارشناس بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران ایران Sajjadshaker53@gmail.com محمد ربیعی Mohammad Rabiee پژوهشگر بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، رشت، ایران ایران rabiee_md@yahoo.co.uk Cadmium Hyperaccumulator Intercropping Phytoremediation Rice برنج بیش انباشته کننده کادمیوم کشت مخلوط گیاه‌پالایی Hu U, Chan PT, Wu F, et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induce differential Cd and P acquisition by Alfred stonecrop (Sedum alfredii Hance) and upland kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) in an intercropping system. Appl Soil Ecol 2013;63: 29-35.##Ghosh M, Singh S. A comparative study of cadmium phytoextraction by accumulator and weed species. 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بررسی کارایی فرآیند اولتراسوند/فرات در اکسیداسیون هورمون بتا استرادیول 17 (E2) در محلول های آبی: بررسی تشکیل کلروفرم به عنوان یک محصول جانبی گندزدایی The survey of Ultrasound/Ferrate Process efficiency towards Beta-Estradiol 17 (E2) Oxidation in Aqueous Solutions: Investigating Chloroform Formation as a Disinfection Byproduct 1 1 زمینه و هدف: هورمون‌ها مواد شیمیایی هستند که سلامت انسان و حیوانات را از طریق تأثیرگذاری بر فرایندها و عملکردهای سیستم غدد درون‌ریز به خطر می‌اندازند. هدف این مطالعه اکسیداسیون هورمون بتا استرادیول 17 (E2) به‌وسیله فرایند فراصوت-فرات از محلول‌های آبی و بررسی پتانسیل تشکیل کلروفرم به‌عنوان محصول جانبی گندزدایی است. مواد و روش ها: همه آزمایش‌ها در ظرف شیشه‌ای با حجم 250 میلی‌لیتر انجام شد. سپس از دستگاه فراصوت 24 تا 80 کیلوهرتز با توان حداکثر 200 وات به‌عنوان منبع فراصوت و پتاسیم فرات به‌عنوان عامل اکسنده استفاده شد. سپس تأثیر پارامترهای بهره‌برداری شامل زمان واکنش، pH، غلظت هورمون E2، غلظت فرات و شدت فراصوت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در پایان فرایند اکسیداسیون، نمونه جهت بررسی پتانسیل تشکیل کلروفرم به‌عنوان محصول جانبی گندزدایی تحت تابش فرابنفش-کلر قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین راندمان حذف آلاینده به ترتیب مربوط به سیستم فرات - فراصوت (min-1 0/0123)، فراصوت (min-1 0/0103) و فرات (min-1 0/0076) می‌باشد. همچنین بیشترین میزان حذف هورمون E2 (100%)، در شرایط بهینه: 3=pH، دوز فرات: 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر، شدت فرکانس فراصوت: 80 کیلوهرتز، غلظت هورمون E2: 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به دست آمد. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کلروفرم تشکیل‌شده به ترتیب مربوط به سیستم‌های فراصوت، فرات و فرات-فراصوت است و پتانسیل تشکیل کلروفرم در شرایط فرابنفش-کلر در مقایسه با کلر تنها بیشتر بود. نتیجه گیری: نتایج تحقیق حاضر بیانگر مؤثر بودن اکسیداسیون هورمون E2 به روش فراصوت-فرات است و این روش قادر به کنترل مؤثر تشکیل محصولات جانبی گندزدایی می‌باشد. 2 Background: Hormones are chemical substances that can disrupt the processes and functions of the endocrine system in both humans and animals. The objective of this study is to examine the degradation of beta-estradiol 17 (E2) hormone through the ultrasound/ferrate process in aqueous solutions and the possibility of chloroform formation as a disinfection byproduct. Methods: The experiments were conducted using a 250 mL glass container. An ultrasound device operating at frequencies between 24 kHz and 80 kHz, with a maximum power of 200 W, was used as the ultrasound source. Potassium ferrate was employed as the oxidizing agent. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, E2 hormone concentration, ferrate concentration, and ultrasound intensity, were evaluated. After the oxidation process, the sample underwent ultraviolet/chlorine radiation to examine the potential formation of chloroform as a disinfection byproduct. Results: The results indicate that the ferrate-ultrasound system exhibited the highest pollutant removal efficiency, followed by ultrasound and ferrate individually. Specifically, the rates of removal were 0.123 min-1 for the ferrate-ultrasound system, 0.103 min-1 for ultrasound, and 0.0076 min-1 for ferrate. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for E2 hormone removal were found to be pH 3, a ferrate dose of 200 mg/L, an ultrasound frequency intensity of 80 kHz, and an E2 hormone concentration of 100 mg/L, resulting in 100% removal. The study also found that the highest amount of chloroform formed was associated with the ultrasound, ferrate, and ferrate-ultrasound systems, respectively. Additionally, the potential for chloroform formation was higher in ultraviolet/chlorine conditions compared to chlorine alone. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the ultrasound-ferrate method in oxidizing E2 hormones and its potential to mitigate the formation of disinfection byproducts. 302 314 2024/06/82024/05/122024/05/22024/06/8 1403/3/19 2024/06/122024/06/82024/06/112024/06/12 1403/3/23 نظیر فتاحی Nazir Fattahi مرکز تحقیقات عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر سلامت، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران nazirfatahi@yahoo.com کیومرث شرفی Kiomars Sharfi مرکز تحقیقات عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر سلامت، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران kio.sharafi@gmail.com مسعود مرادی Masoud Moradi مرکز تحقیقات عوامل محیطی تأثیرگذار بر سلامت، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران ایران mahfooz60@gmail.com Beta-estradiol 17 (E2) hormone ultrasound - ferrate advanced oxidation هورمون beta-estradiol 17 (E2) اولتراسوند/ فرات اکسیداسیون پیشرفته Thouennon E, Delfosse V, Bailly R, et al. 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ارائه مدل ارزیابی سلامت پایدار کارکنان مراکز بهداشت شهر کرمانشاه با استفاده از معیارهای شاخص سلامت Presenting a sustainable health assessment model for employees of Kermanshah health centers using health index criteria 1 1 زمینه و هدف: امروزه سلامت کارکنان مراکز بهداشت به عنوان یکی از تأثیرگذارترین محیط ها برای القاء احساس امنیت و آرامش خیال برای شهروندان، بسیار حائز اهمیت است. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی و ارائه مدلی پیرامون عوامل مؤثر بر ارزیابی سلامت پایدار کارکنان مراکز بهداشت شهر کرمانشاه با بهره‌گیری از معیارهای شاخص سلامت انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: بین 15 نفر از خبرگان مراکز بهداشت کرمانشاه، پرسشنامه خبرگان توزیع شد. با بررسی مطالعات مرتبط، عوامل محیطی، بیماری‌زا و زیستی و سازمانی به‌عنوان معیارهای اصلی پژوهش انتخاب شدند. پردازش داده‌ها با استفاده از رویکرد ANP-DEMATEL انجام شد. یافته ها: معیار "عوامل بیماری‌زا و زیستی" با وزن نهائی 0/518 مؤثرترین معیار و از طرفی معیار "عوامل سازمانی" با میزان تأثیرپذیری 20/551 تأثیرپذیرترین معیار بوده و بیش‌ترین تعامل را با سایر معیارها داشته‌اند. همچنین، زیرمعیار " رعایت استانداردهای بهداشت محیط کار " با وزن نهائی 0/1247 اولویت اول را به‌خود اختصاص داد. نتیجه گیری: برای دستیابی به سلامت پایدار کارکنان مراکز بهداشت شهر کرمانشاه لازم است که مهم‌ترین عامل مختل‌کننده سلامت، یعنی بیماری‌های واگیردار و عوامل بیماری‌زا و زیستی را کنترل کرد. بدین منظور باید از دو راهکار آموزش به کارکنان و ایجاد قوانین و دستورالعمل‌های پیشگیرانه بهره گرفت. 2 Background: Today, the health of health center employees is essential as one of the most effective environments for inducing a sense of security and peace of mind for citizens. This research was conducted to evaluate and present a model around the factors affecting the sustainable health assessment of the employees of health centers in Kermanshah using health index criteria. Methods: An expert questionnaire was distributed among 15 experts from Kermanshah health centers. By reviewing related studies, environmental, pathogenic, biological, and organizational factors were selected as the main research criteria. Data processing was done using the ANP-DEMATEL approach. Results: The "pathogenic and biological factors" criterion with a final weight of 0.518 is the most effective criterion, and on the other hand, the "organizational factors" criterion with an impact rate of 20.551 is the most effective criterion and interacts most with different criteria. Also, the sub-criterion " Workplace health standards " with a final weight of 0.1247 took priority. Conclusion: To achieve stable health for employees of health centers in Kermanshah city, it is necessary to control the most important factors affecting health, namely infectious diseases and pathogenic and biological agents. For this purpose, two methods of training employees and creating preventive rules and guidelines should be used. 315 328 2024/06/82024/05/122024/05/22024/06/82024/04/8 1403/1/20 2024/06/122024/06/82024/06/112024/06/122024/06/8 1403/3/19 منا بالاگبری mona Balagbari کارشناس ارشد مهندسی ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط‌ زیست، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه و فن‌آوری‌های نوین، واحد الکترونیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران balagabri.monq74@gmail.com سحر رضایان sahar Rezaian دکترای تخصصی مدیریت محیط‌ زیست، دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران ایران s_rezaian@yahoo.com سهیل سبحان اردکانی Sohail Sobhan Ardakani دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌زیست، استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران soheil_sobhan@yahoo.com sustainable health health index health centers کلیدواژه: سلامت پایدار شاخص سلامت مراکز بهداشت Yousefinezhadi T, Soori H, Mohamadi E. 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Investigating the relationship between occupational stressors and demographic variables in the employees of health care centers in Gorgan city in 1400, Navid No, 1400, 24(80): 46-55. (Persian)##Razavian F, Aghaei Wanda A Health and safety management and its role in the health of employees in the workplace, the first national conference of new ideas, discussions and findings in management, economics and accounting, 2022. (Persian)##LU, Jing, et al. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong province, China. Cell, 2020, 181. Jg., Nr. 5, S. 997-1003. e9.##Shirvai M, Roshanzadeh M, poornazari M, Tajabadi A, Khaledi F. Predicting mental health through the dimensions of social capital in health care network employees. NPWJM 2022; 10 (35) : 2. (Persian)##Karimzadeh Sureshjani Gh, Shahnazi, H., Khairi, S., Yadgarfar, Q. Investigating the level of job satisfaction of working people in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and its relationship with background variables in 2020. Health System Research,2021: 17(3), 190-198. (Persian)##Nasiri MA. Controlling harmful ergonomic factors and occupational diseases caused by working with computers, the first national conference of applied research in modern management and accounting sciences, 2022. (Persian)##Azarmi S, Baniyaghoobi F, Farsi Z, Safshekan S, SHarififar S T. Investigation of the General Health Status of Health Care Workers Involved in Disaster Relief in the Kermanshah Earthquake, in the West of Iran. MCS 2022; 9 (1) :35-44. (Persian)##Izadi N, Sadegh Niat Haghighi Kh, Malek M. The results of monitoring occupational health examinations of healthcare workers by the first hospital occupational health clinic, Journal of Military Medicine, 2014, 17(2), 73-79. (Persian)##Javan S, Aminalslami N, Fazel H, Aminisani N, Naimabadi A. Investigating the contamination of hospital surfaces where corona patients are hospitalized and the comprehensive research laboratory of Neyshabur 2020, Journal of Research in Environmental Health, 2022, 8(3): 317-326. (Persian)##Zarif Gharaati Oftadeh B, Afsharkohan N, Zanguoe M, Rashidi M, Barati R, Majidian S, Dehghan AA. Investigating the factors affecting compliance with health issues affecting the corona virus in the workplace (case study: Khorasan Razavi Regional Water Company), Journal of Research in Environmental Health, 2023, 9(2): 215-222. (Persian)##Moharramzadeh A, Talebi B, Daneshwar Z. Health literacy strategies of human resources (a qualitative study in one of the country's banks), Journal of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 2022, 15(4), 319-329. (Persian)##Qarlipour Z, Mohabi S, Izadkhah F s, Mohammadpour R, Gholamrezaei Z, Haddad SZ, Mehtri Taheri A, Hazrati Z, Ansari MA.The Comprehensive Book of Health Promotion (Volume 1), Publications: Jam Javan, First Edition, 2019. (Persian)##Norothrup Ch. The wisdom of menopause: Creating physical and emotional health during the change. Hay House, Inc, 2021.##Edelman C, Connelly Kudzma E. Health promotion throughout the life span-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2021.##Saeb Nia S, Bagheri Tostani H. Investigating the impact of human resources management on the health of employees in the face of corona disease (case study: Mellat Bank of Mazandaran province)" Scientific Quarterly of Human Resources and Capital, 2021, 1(1): 126-139. (Persian)##Olyan Ajam S, Ghasemizad A. Designing a Health Management Process Model for Hospital Staff (Qualitative Research). Qom Univ Med Sci J 2019; 13 (9) :53-68. (Persian)##Etebarian A, Musharraf Javadi MH, Keyvan Manesh M. A model of sustainable health-oriented development with an emphasis on the problem of addiction, Addiction Research Journal, 2018, 12(50), 43-65. (Persian)##Sadeghi Naeini H, Arabshahi M. Occupational Health promotion throughout the synergy between ergonomics and sustainable development aspects. J Health Saf Work 2019; 9 (2) :113-120. (Persian)##Soltani T. Necessity of implementing health promotion programs in hospitals, Management strategies in the health system, 2022, 7(4): 302-305. (Persian)##Farahmand F. Investigation and comparison of biological agents in the air of the wards of one of Tehran's private hospitals and the effectiveness of corrective measures in the years 2018 and 2019, the 6th International Conference on Safety and Health, 2022. (Persian)##Emmanuel U, Osondu ED, Kalu KCh. Architectural design strategies for infection prevention and control (IPC) in health-care facilities: towards curbing the spread of Covid-19. 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ارزیابی سیستم‌های تشویق و تنبیه کارکنان با رعایت اصول ایمنی و کاهش حوادث در صنایع (مطالعه موردی: پالایشگاه گاز گورزین قشم) Evaluation of employee incentive and punishment systems in compliance with safety principles and accident reduction in industries (case study: Gorzin Qeshm Gas Refinery) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: حوادث شغلی یکی از مهمترین مشکلات در کشورهای در حال توسعه است. برای کنترل این حوادث و پیامدهای ناشی از آن، رعایت اصول ایمنی مبتنی بر رفتار ایمن، می‌تواند مؤثر باشد. از آنجا که رفتار ایمن در نتیجه تشویق و یا تنبیه گروه هدف رخ می‌دهد، بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف بررسی رابطه سیستم‌های تشویق و تنبیه کارکنان با رعایت اصول ایمنی و کاهش حوادث در پالایشگاه گاز گورزین قشم انجام گردید. مواد و روش­ها: جامعه‌ آماری شامل همه‌ کارکنان پالایشگاه گاز گورزین قشم (300 نفر) بود. از بین آن‌ها از طریق فرمول تعیین حجم نمونه کوکران به روش تصادفی طبقه‌ای تعداد 169 انتخاب گردید و پرسشنامه‌های مورد نظر به آن‌ها جهت پاسخگویی داده شد که 109 نفر پرسشنامه را تکمیل کردند. متغیر تشویق و تنبیه به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل و متغیر روابط سازمانی شامل رعایت اصول ایمنی و کاهش حوادث به عنوان متغیر وابسته تعیین شدند. جهت انجام مراحل میدانی تحقیق از پرسشنامه حساسیت به تنبیه و تشویق (SPSRQ) استفاده گردید. یافته­ها: بر اساس آزمون همبستگی پیرسون بین رعایت اصول ایمنی و کاهش حوادث (روابط سازمانی) و تشویق همبستگی معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد (r = 0.018, n =106, P =0.854). همچنین بین رعایت اصول ایمنی و کاهش حوادث (روابط سازمانی) و تنبیه همبستگی وجود دارد (r = 0.605, n =106, P =0). با توجه به تحلیل واریانس ANOVA میزان F مدل رگرسیون برابر 122/60 و احتمال معنی‌داری آن برابر صفر می باشد، بنابراین مدل رگرسیون با متغیر تنبیه معنی‌دار است. نتیجه ­گیری: دو متغیر رعایت اصول ایمنی و کاهش حوادث (روابط سازمانی) و تشویق با یکدیگر ارتباطی ندارند، اما ارتباط بین روابط سازمانی و تنبیه مثبت است و متغیر تنبیه به صورت معنی­داری روابط سازمانی را پیش‌بینی می‌کند.   2 Background: Occupational accidents are one of the most important problems in developing countries. To control these incidents and their consequences, compliance with safety principles based on safe behavior can be effective. Since safe behavior occurs as a result of encouraging or punishing the target group, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the systems of encouraging and punishing employees with compliance with safety principles and reducing accidents in Gorzin Gas Refinery, Qeshm. Methods: The statistical population included all the employees of Gorzin Qeshm Gas Refinery (300 people). From among them, 169 were selected through Cochran's sample size formula by stratified random method, and the desired questionnaires were given to them to answer, and 109 people completed the questionnaire. The variables of encouragement and punishment were determined as independent variables and the variable of organizational relations, including compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents, were determined as dependent variables. Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire or SPSRQ (Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire) was used to carry out the field research. Results: According to the Pearson correlation test, no significant correlation was observed between compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents (organizational relations) and encouragement (r = 0.018, n = 106, P = 0.854). There is also a correlation between compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents (organizational relations) and punishment (r = 0.605, n = 106, P = 0). According to ANOVA variance analysis, the F value of the regression model is 60.122 and its significance probability is zero, so the regression model with the punishment variable is significant. Conclusion: The two principles of safety and reduction (organizational relations) and communication with inter-organizational communication and punishment are positive and punishment significantly predicts organizational relations. 329 346 2024/06/82024/05/122024/05/22024/06/82024/04/82024/04/10 1403/1/22 2024/06/122024/06/82024/06/112024/06/122024/06/82024/06/8 1403/3/19 علی بابا احمدی Ali Baba Ahmadi گروه ایمنی صنعتی، موسسه آموزش عالی تابناک، لامرد، فارس، ایران ایران ali.babaahmadi2024@yahoo.com سینا دوازده امامی Sina Davazdah Emami گروه ایمنی صنعتی، موسسه آموزش عالی تابناک، لامرد، فارس، ایران ایران hse12de@gmail.com محمد ولایت زاده mohammad velayatzadeh گروه ایمنی صنعتی، موسسه آموزش عالی کاسپین، قزوین، ایران ایران mv.5908@gmail.com Encouragement and Punishment Safety principles Accident reduction Safe behavior Organizational relations تشویق و تنبیه اصول ایمنی کاهش حوادث رفتار ایمن روابط سازمانی 1. Hanafi, W.N.W. Impact of Safety Management Practices Enforcement toward Employee Safety in Construction Industry. In Proceedings of the 8th International Economics and Business Management Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 7-9 December 2018; pp. 541-549.##Ajmal, M.; Isha, A.S.N.; Nordin, S.M.; Sabir, A.A.; Munir, A.; Al-Mekhlafi, A.-B.A.; Naji, G.M.A. Safety Management Paradigms: COVID-19 Employee Well-Being Impact on Occupational Health and Safety Performance. J. Hunan Univ. Nat. Sci. 2021, 48.##Ajmal, M.; Isha, A.S.N.B.; Nordin, S.M.; Kanwal, N.; Al-Mekhlafi, A.-B.A.; Naji, G.M.A. A Conceptual Framework for the Determinants of Organizational Agility: Does Safety Commitment Matters? Solid State Technol. 2020, 63, 4112-4119.##Al-Mekhlafi, A.-B.A.; AIsha, S.N.; Sabir, A.A.; Naji, G.M.A.; Ajmal, M.; Al-Harasi, A.H. Fatigue assessment of oil and gas tanker drivers: Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT-192). Solid State Technol. 2020, 63, 4256-4262.##Fruhen, L.S.; Griffin, M.A.; Andrei, D.M. What does safety commitment mean to leaders? A multi-method investigation. J. Saf. Res. 2019, 68, 203-214.##Alingh, C.W. The ConCom Safety Management Scale: Developing and testing a measurement instrument for control-based and commitment-based safety management approaches in hospitals. BMJ Qual. Saf. 2018, 27, 807-817.##Anderson, V.P.; Chun, H. Workplace hazards and prevention options from a nonrandom sample of retail trade businesses. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Erg. 2014, 20, 181-195.##Li F, Jiang L, Yao X, Li Y. Job demands, job resources and safety outcomes: the roles of emotional exhaustion and safety compliance. Accid Anal Prev. (2013) 51:243-51. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.11.029##Zhang W, Zhu S, Zhang X, Zhao T. Identification of critical causes of construction accidents in China using a model based on system thinking and case analysis. Saf Sci. (2020) 121:606-18.##Smith TD, DeJoy DM, Dyal M-A. Safety specific transformational leadership, safety motivation and personal protective equipment use among firefighters. Saf Sci. (2020) 131:104930.##Xue Y, Fan Y, Xie X. Relation between senior managers' safety leadership and safety behavior in the Chinese petrochemical industry. J Loss Prev Process Indust. (2020) 65:104142.##Wu, J., Luan, S. and Raihani, N., 2022. Reward, punishment, and prosocial behavior: Recent developments and implications. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, pp.117-123.##Wibowo, S., N., Solehudin A, Haryanto B., E.. Widawati., Y. (2022). The effect of Reward and Punishmenton Work Discipline. Research Trend in Management and Technology, 1(1) 48-56.##Putra, R., lima Krisna, N., & Ali, H. (2021). A review literature employee performance model: leadership style, compensation and work discipline. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(1): 56-66.##Nigusie, G.T. and Getachew, H., 2019. The effect of reward system on employee creativity. 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The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Clarified and Revised. RBS 2019; 16 (3): 241-254. [In Persian].##Cronbach, L. J. 1951. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 16, 297-334.##Zumbo, D. B., Gadermann, A. M., and Zeisser, C. 2007. Ordinal versions of coefficient alpha and theta for Likert rating scales. Journal of modern applied statistical methods, 6, 21-29.##Gungor, P. 2011. The relationship between reward management system and employee performance with the mediating role of motivation: A quantitative study on global banks. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1510-1520.##Rahimi, N. (2016). The effect of employee reward systems on safety behaviors (Case study: Sarcheshme Copper Complex). Master's thesis. Department of Crisis Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman. [In Persian].##Shaykh al-Islami Kandolosi, N. and Khosrohidari, M. 2015 Reward systems, safety behaviors. How reward systems affect safety behaviors?, Second International Conference on New Researches in Management, Economics and Accounting, 11 P. [In Persian].##Maleki, M. 2013. The effects of employee reward systems on safety behaviors, National Conference of New Approaches in Business Management, Tabriz, 8 P. [In Persian].##Sherf EN, Gajendran RS, Posner BZ. Seeking and finding justice: why and when managers' feedback seeking enhances justice enactment. J Organiz Behav. (2021) 42:741-766.##Wang D, Wang X, Griffin MA, Wang Z. Safety stressors, safety-specific trust, and safety citizenship behavior: a contingency perspective. Accid Anal Prev. (2020) 142:105572.##Gao Y, Gonzalez VA, Wing T. Exploring the relationship between construction workers' personality traits and safety behaviour. J Construct Eng Manag. (2020) 146:04019111.##Agholi, A. 2005. How to conduct disciplinary behavior with employees in the organization, the 10th national conference of power distribution networks, Tabriz, 7 P. [In Persian].##1. Hanafi, W.N.W. Impact of Safety Management Practices Enforcement toward Employee Safety in Construction Industry. In Proceedings of the 8th International Economics and Business Management Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 7-9 December 2018; pp. 541-549.##Ajmal, M.; Isha, A.S.N.; Nordin, S.M.; Sabir, A.A.; Munir, A.; Al-Mekhlafi, A.-B.A.; Naji, G.M.A. Safety Management Paradigms: COVID-19 Employee Well-Being Impact on Occupational Health and Safety Performance. J. Hunan Univ. Nat. Sci. 2021, 48.##Ajmal, M.; Isha, A.S.N.B.; Nordin, S.M.; Kanwal, N.; Al-Mekhlafi, A.-B.A.; Naji, G.M.A. A Conceptual Framework for the Determinants of Organizational Agility: Does Safety Commitment Matters? Solid State Technol. 2020, 63, 4112-4119.##Al-Mekhlafi, A.-B.A.; AIsha, S.N.; Sabir, A.A.; Naji, G.M.A.; Ajmal, M.; Al-Harasi, A.H. Fatigue assessment of oil and gas tanker drivers: Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT-192). Solid State Technol. 2020, 63, 4256-4262.##Fruhen, L.S.; Griffin, M.A.; Andrei, D.M. What does safety commitment mean to leaders? A multi-method investigation. J. Saf. Res. 2019, 68, 203-214.##Alingh, C.W. The ConCom Safety Management Scale: Developing and testing a measurement instrument for control-based and commitment-based safety management approaches in hospitals. BMJ Qual. Saf. 2018, 27, 807-817.##Anderson, V.P.; Chun, H. Workplace hazards and prevention options from a nonrandom sample of retail trade businesses. Int. J. Occup. Saf. Erg. 2014, 20, 181-195.##Li F, Jiang L, Yao X, Li Y. Job demands, job resources and safety outcomes: the roles of emotional exhaustion and safety compliance. Accid Anal Prev. (2013) 51:243-51. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.11.029##Zhang W, Zhu S, Zhang X, Zhao T. Identification of critical causes of construction accidents in China using a model based on system thinking and case analysis. Saf Sci. (2020) 121:606-18.##Smith TD, DeJoy DM, Dyal M-A. Safety specific transformational leadership, safety motivation and personal protective equipment use among firefighters. Saf Sci. (2020) 131:104930.##Xue Y, Fan Y, Xie X. Relation between senior managers' safety leadership and safety behavior in the Chinese petrochemical industry. J Loss Prev Process Indust. (2020) 65:104142.##Wu, J., Luan, S. and Raihani, N., 2022. Reward, punishment, and prosocial behavior: Recent developments and implications. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, pp.117-123.##Wibowo, S., N., Solehudin A, Haryanto B., E.. Widawati., Y. (2022). The effect of Reward and Punishmenton Work Discipline. Research Trend in Management and Technology, 1(1) 48-56.##Putra, R., lima Krisna, N., & Ali, H. (2021). A review literature employee performance model: leadership style, compensation and work discipline. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(1): 56-66.##Nigusie, G.T. and Getachew, H., 2019. The effect of reward system on employee creativity. Journal of Higher Education Service Science and Management (JoHESSM), 2(1): 1-20.##Markova, G. & Ford C. 2011. Is money the panacea? Rewards for knowledge workers.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 60 No. 8,813-823.##Danish, R. Q. ;Usman, A. (2010). Impact of Reward and Recognition on Job Satisfaction and Motivation: An Empirical Study from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(2), 159-167.##Obisi, C. (2003). Organizational behaviour: Concepts and applications. Malthouse Press Limited.##Roberts, R.L. (2005). Relationship between Rewards, Recognition and Motivation at Insurance Company in the Western Cape, University of the Western Cape.##Johnson, R.E., Chang, C., and Yang, L., (2010). Commitment and motivation at work: the relevance of employee identity and regulatory focus, Academy of Management Review, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 226-245.##Armstrong, M. (2001). A Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice (8th edition).London: Kogan Page Limited.##Piccolo RF, Colquitt GA (2006). Transformation leadership and job behavior: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Acad. Manage. J., 49(2): 327-340.##Leone L, Perugini M, Bagozzi RP, Pierro A, Mannetti L. Construct validity and generalizability of the Carver-White behavioural inhibition system/behavioural activation system scales. Eur J Pers. 2001; 15(5):373 -90.##Conner BT, Rahm -Knigge RL, Jenkins AL. Revision and clarification of the sensitivity to punishment sens itivity to reward questionnaire. Pers Individ Dif. 2018; 121:31 -40.##Ghomi, N., Pir Balooti, M.GH., Nasr Esfahani, M. and Baghaee Hosein Abadi, H. 2017. Prediction of General Health of Esfahan Gas Company's Employees By Encouragement and Punishment System, Individual and Organizational Performance. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 18 (1): 119-126. [In Persian].##Mohammadzadeh-Ebrahimi A, Rahimi-Pordanjani T. The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire-Clarified and Revised. RBS 2019; 16 (3): 241-254. [In Persian].##Cronbach, L. J. 1951. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 16, 297-334.##Zumbo, D. B., Gadermann, A. M., and Zeisser, C. 2007. Ordinal versions of coefficient alpha and theta for Likert rating scales. Journal of modern applied statistical methods, 6, 21-29.##Gungor, P. 2011. The relationship between reward management system and employee performance with the mediating role of motivation: A quantitative study on global banks. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1510-1520.##Rahimi, N. (2016). The effect of employee reward systems on safety behaviors (Case study: Sarcheshme Copper Complex). Master's thesis. Department of Crisis Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman. [In Persian].##Shaykh al-Islami Kandolosi, N. and Khosrohidari, M. 2015 Reward systems, safety behaviors. How reward systems affect safety behaviors?, Second International Conference on New Researches in Management, Economics and Accounting, 11 P. [In Persian].##Maleki, M. 2013. The effects of employee reward systems on safety behaviors, National Conference of New Approaches in Business Management, Tabriz, 8 P. [In Persian].##Sherf EN, Gajendran RS, Posner BZ. Seeking and finding justice: why and when managers' feedback seeking enhances justice enactment. J Organiz Behav. (2021) 42:741-766.##Wang D, Wang X, Griffin MA, Wang Z. Safety stressors, safety-specific trust, and safety citizenship behavior: a contingency perspective. Accid Anal Prev. (2020) 142:105572.##Gao Y, Gonzalez VA, Wing T. Exploring the relationship between construction workers' personality traits and safety behaviour. J Construct Eng Manag. (2020) 146:04019111.##Agholi, A. 2005. How to conduct disciplinary behavior with employees in the organization, the 10th national conference of power distribution networks, Tabriz, 7 P. [In Persian].## ##

امکان‌سنجی استفاده از نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی در ایران (فرصت‌ها و چالش‌ها) Feasibility of Using Solar Power Plants in Iran (Opportunities and Challenges) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: در مقابل تحریم‌های بین‌المللی که در رابطه با اقتصاد نفتی برای ایران وضع شده‌است، انرژی خورشیدی در این کشور از قابلیت‌های ویژه‌ای برخوردار است؛ بطوری که کشور ایران می‌تواند درسال2050 میلادی، به تأمین‌کننده اصلی زنجیره تولید برق خورشیدی مدیترانه تبدیل شود. با توجه به توانایی ایران در زمینه دستیابی به این انرژی پاک، هدف مطالعه حاضر، بررسی امکان‌ استقرار و استفاده از نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی در ایران برای تولید انرژی برق با توجه به چند پروژه‌ انجام‌شده و نیز بررسی فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های توسعه این نیروگاه‌ها می‌‌باشد. مواد و روش ها: برای انجام مطالعه مروری حاضر، کلیدواژه‌های «Solar power plants, Solar energy in Iran, Renewable energy, Solar potentials and challenges» در پایگاه‌های داده «Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SID, Magiran, ResearchGate» از سال 2005 تا 2024 میلادی جستجو شدند. پس از عمل جستجو، جمعاً 320 مقاله یافت شد که پس از انجام مراحل غربالگری و بررسی کامل مقالات، در نهایت تعداد 23 مقاله ثبت و در مطالعه استفاده شد. معیار ورود مقالات به مطالعه، به‌روز بودن و تناسب محتوا با موضوع مورد نظر بود. یافته ها: برای بررسی امکان استفاده از نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی در ایران، از داده‌های کمی و کیفی مطالعات در رابطه با ظرفیت‌های جغرافیایی، توان تولیدی و چالش‌های پیش‌ روی استقرار نیروگاه‌ها استفاده شد. تجربه ایران برای استقرار انرژی متمرکز خورشیدی، به نیروگاه‌های شیراز و یزد برمی‌گردد که با وجود موفقیت‌آمیز بودن بهره‌برداری از این نیروگاه‌ها، از آن زمان تاکنون طراحی و یا ساخت نیروگاه‌ خورشیدی جدیدی اعلام نشده‌است. در این راستا، فقدان مطالعات امکان‌سنجی در این کشور کاملاً مشهود است. نتیجه گیری: علی‌رغم توسعه نه‌چندان قابل قبول نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی در ایران و نیز عدم تقاضای عمومی برای دستیابی به انرژی پاک؛ تابش خورشیدی بالا، اراضی بیابانی موجود در ایران و نیز عدم انتشار گازهای آلاینده توسط نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی؛ عوامل اصلی برای تشویق به توسعه این نیروگاه‌ها برای تولید انرژی حرارتی و الکتریکی هستند. بنابراین، استفاده از این نیروگاه‌ها می‌تواند فرصت‌های بسیاری برای کشور ایران فراهم و نیز بسیاری از موانع را برطرف سازد. 2 Background: In the face of international sanctions imposed on Iran’s oil economy, solar energy in this country has special capabilities; so that Iran can become the main supplier of the Mediterranean solar power production chain by 2050. Considering Iran’s ability to access this clean energy, the aim of the present study is to investigate the possibility of establishing and using solar power plants in Iran for electricity production, considering some completed projects, as well as examining the opportunities and challenges of developing these power plants. Methods: For the current study, the keywords “Solar power plants, Solar energy in Iran, Renewable energy, Solar potentials and challenges” were searched in the databases “Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SID, Magiran, ResearchGate” from 2005 to 2024. After that, a total of 320 articles were found, which after screening and full review of the articles, finally 23 articles were registered and used in the study. The criterion for the entry of articles was their relevance of the content to the subject matter. Results: To investigate the possibility of using solar power plants in Iran, quantitative and qualitative data from studies related to geographical capacities, production capacity, and challenges facing the establishment of power plants were used. Iran’s experience in establishing concentrated solar energy dates back to the power plants in Shiraz and Yazd city, which, despite the successful operation of these power plants, no new solar power plant has been announced since then. In this regard, the lack of feasibility studies in this country is quite evident. Conclusion: Despite the not-significant development of solar power plants in Iran and the lack of public demand for clean energy; high solar radiation, existing desert lands in Iran, and the prevention of pollutant gas emissions by solar power plants are the main factors encouraging the development of these power plants for the production of thermal and electrical energy. Therefore, the use of these power plants can provide many opportunities for Iran. 347 365 2024/06/82024/05/122024/05/22024/06/82024/04/82024/04/102024/04/22 1403/2/3 2024/06/122024/06/82024/06/112024/06/122024/06/82024/06/82024/06/15 1403/3/26 انیس حاج‌غنی Anis Haaj-Ghani مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران-گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران anishajghani81@gmail.com سعیده مرادعلی‌زاده Saeedeh Morad-Alizadeh مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران-گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران saeideh.moradalizadeh71@gmail.com مهدی رضایی Mahdi Rezaei مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران-گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران ایران mahdirezaei1274@gmail.com Solar energy Feasibility Studies Iran Solar power plants. انرژی خورشیدی مطالعات امکان‌سنجی ایران نیروگاه‌های خورشیدی 1. Gorjian S, Zadeh BN, Eltrop L, Shamshiri RR, Amanlou Y. Solar photovoltaic power generation in Iran: Development, policies, and barriers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019;106:110-23.##Enjavi-Arsanjani M, Hirbodi K, Yaghoubi M. Solar energy potential and performance assessment of CSP plants in different areas of Iran. Energy Procedia. 2015;69:2039-48.##Mostafaeipour A, Alvandimanesh M, Najafi F, Issakhov A. Identifying challenges and barriers for development of solar energy by using fuzzy best-worst method: A case study. Energy. 2021;226:120355.##Mohammadi K, Khorasanizadeh H. The potential and deployment viability of concentrated solar power (CSP) in Iran. Energy Strategy Reviews. 2019;24:358-69.##Tazanji MF. Site-selecting of the Photovoltaic Solae Power Plants Using Climatic Elements in Yazd Province Jornal of a Arid Biome Scientific. 2020;9(2):103-10.[In Persian]##Alamdari P, Nematollahi O, Alemrajabi AA. Solar energy potentials in Iran: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review. 2013;21:778-88.##Pahlavan S, Jahangiri M, Shamsabadi AA, Baharizadeh A. Assessing the Current Status of Renewable Energies and Their Limitations in Iran. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development. 2020;1(9).##Shahsavari A, Yazdi F, Yazdi H. Potential of solar energy in Iran for carbon dioxide mitigation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2019;16:507-24.##https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1779-7##Gorjian S, Ghobadian B. Solar thermal power plants: progress and prospects in Iran. Energy Procedia. 2015;75:533-9##Hayat MB, Ali D, Monyake KC, Alagha L, Ahmed N. Solar energy-A look into power generation, challenges, and a solar‐powered future. International Journal of Energy Research. 2019;43(3):1049-67.##Ghasemi G, Noorollahi Y, Alavi H, Marzband M, Shahbazi M. Theoretical and technical potential evaluation of solar power generation in Iran. Renewable Energy. 2019;138:1250-61.##Makkiabadi M, Hoseinzadeh S, Taghavirashidizadeh A, Soleimaninezhad M, Kamyabi M, Hajabdollahi H, et al. Performance evaluation of solar power plants: a review and a case study. Processes. 2021;9(12):2253.##Abdullahi AA. Climatic assessment for the purpose of building solar power plants in Fars province using fuzzy overlay and AHP methods using GIS. Quarterly scientific-research journal of geographic information. 2018;27(105):73-64.[In Persian]##Yousefi H, Kasaeian A, Ranjbaran P, Katooli M. A review of the criteria for locating of solar power plants in Iran. Geospatial Engineering Journal. 2017;8(2):25-38.[In Persian]##Zandi DR, Safai DMJ, Khosrovian M. Potential measurement of solar energy use in rural areas, case study: Sabzevar city. Geography and Development Quarterly. 2020;17(57):94-69.[In Persian]##Zahedi R, Sadeghitabar E, Ahmadi A. Solar energy potential assessment for electricity generation in the southeastern coast of Iran. Future Energy. 2023;2(1):15-22.##Rahimi DM, Pazband F, Abdullahi DAA. Potential assessment of the establishment of solar power plants in Sistan and Baluchistan province using AHP model and fuzzy logic. Geography and Development Quarterly. 2018;15(49):36-23.[In Persian]##Kabir E, Kumar P, Kumar S, Adelodun AA, Kim K-H. Solar energy: Potential and future prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018;82:894-900.##Dehghani MA, Feylizadeh mR. An Overview Of Solar Energy Potential in IRAN. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT LIFE SCIENCES. 2014;4(9):7173-80.##Yaghoubi M, Zarrini S, editors. Potential of Solar Energy for Power Generation, Heating and Other Applications in Iran. Energy Sustainability; 2012: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.##Hosseini R, Soltani M, Valizadeh G. Technical and economic assessment of the integrated solar combined cycle power plants in Iran. Renewable energy. 2005;30(10):1541-55.##S Mohsen P, Pourfayaz F, Shirmohamadi R, Moosavi S, Khalilpoor N. Potential, current status, and applications of renewable energy in energy sector of Iran: A review. Renewable Energy Research and Applications. 2021;2(1):25-49.##Sangi R. Performance evaluation of solar chimney power plants in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable energy reviews. 2012;16(1):704-10.##1. Gorjian S, Zadeh BN, Eltrop L, Shamshiri RR, Amanlou Y. Solar photovoltaic power generation in Iran: Development, policies, and barriers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019;106:110-23.##Enjavi-Arsanjani M, Hirbodi K, Yaghoubi M. Solar energy potential and performance assessment of CSP plants in different areas of Iran. Energy Procedia. 2015;69:2039-48.##Mostafaeipour A, Alvandimanesh M, Najafi F, Issakhov A. Identifying challenges and barriers for development of solar energy by using fuzzy best-worst method: A case study. Energy. 2021;226:120355.##Mohammadi K, Khorasanizadeh H. The potential and deployment viability of concentrated solar power (CSP) in Iran. Energy Strategy Reviews. 2019;24:358-69.##Tazanji MF. Site-selecting of the Photovoltaic Solae Power Plants Using Climatic Elements in Yazd Province Jornal of a Arid Biome Scientific. 2020;9(2):103-10.[In Persian]##Alamdari P, Nematollahi O, Alemrajabi AA. Solar energy potentials in Iran: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review. 2013;21:778-88.##Pahlavan S, Jahangiri M, Shamsabadi AA, Baharizadeh A. Assessing the Current Status of Renewable Energies and Their Limitations in Iran. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development. 2020;1(9).##Shahsavari A, Yazdi F, Yazdi H. Potential of solar energy in Iran for carbon dioxide mitigation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2019;16:507-24.##https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1779-7##Gorjian S, Ghobadian B. Solar thermal power plants: progress and prospects in Iran. Energy Procedia. 2015;75:533-9##Hayat MB, Ali D, Monyake KC, Alagha L, Ahmed N. Solar energy-A look into power generation, challenges, and a solar‐powered future. International Journal of Energy Research. 2019;43(3):1049-67.##Ghasemi G, Noorollahi Y, Alavi H, Marzband M, Shahbazi M. Theoretical and technical potential evaluation of solar power generation in Iran. Renewable Energy. 2019;138:1250-61.##Makkiabadi M, Hoseinzadeh S, Taghavirashidizadeh A, Soleimaninezhad M, Kamyabi M, Hajabdollahi H, et al. Performance evaluation of solar power plants: a review and a case study. Processes. 2021;9(12):2253.##Abdullahi AA. Climatic assessment for the purpose of building solar power plants in Fars province using fuzzy overlay and AHP methods using GIS. Quarterly scientific-research journal of geographic information. 2018;27(105):73-64.[In Persian]##Yousefi H, Kasaeian A, Ranjbaran P, Katooli M. A review of the criteria for locating of solar power plants in Iran. Geospatial Engineering Journal. 2017;8(2):25-38.[In Persian]##Zandi DR, Safai DMJ, Khosrovian M. Potential measurement of solar energy use in rural areas, case study: Sabzevar city. Geography and Development Quarterly. 2020;17(57):94-69.[In Persian]##Zahedi R, Sadeghitabar E, Ahmadi A. Solar energy potential assessment for electricity generation in the southeastern coast of Iran. Future Energy. 2023;2(1):15-22.##Rahimi DM, Pazband F, Abdullahi DAA. Potential assessment of the establishment of solar power plants in Sistan and Baluchistan province using AHP model and fuzzy logic. Geography and Development Quarterly. 2018;15(49):36-23.[In Persian]##Kabir E, Kumar P, Kumar S, Adelodun AA, Kim K-H. Solar energy: Potential and future prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018;82:894-900.##Dehghani MA, Feylizadeh mR. An Overview Of Solar Energy Potential in IRAN. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT LIFE SCIENCES. 2014;4(9):7173-80.##Yaghoubi M, Zarrini S, editors. Potential of Solar Energy for Power Generation, Heating and Other Applications in Iran. Energy Sustainability; 2012: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.##Hosseini R, Soltani M, Valizadeh G. Technical and economic assessment of the integrated solar combined cycle power plants in Iran. Renewable energy. 2005;30(10):1541-55.##S Mohsen P, Pourfayaz F, Shirmohamadi R, Moosavi S, Khalilpoor N. Potential, current status, and applications of renewable energy in energy sector of Iran: A review. Renewable Energy Research and Applications. 2021;2(1):25-49.##Sangi R. Performance evaluation of solar chimney power plants in Iran. Renewable and Sustainable energy reviews. 2012;16(1):704-10.## ##

کاربرد متدلوژی سطح پاسخ در مدل سازی و بهینه‌سازی تجزیه سفتریاکسون با پرسولفات فعال‌شده از طریق نانوذرات روی صفر ظرفیتی/امواج ماوراصوت Application of response surface methodology in modeling and optimization of ceftriaxone decomposition with activated persulfate through zero valence zinc nanoparticles/ultrasonic waves 1 1 زمینه و هدف: تجزیه پذیری ضعیف آنتی بیوتیک ها در فرایندهای متداول تصفیه فاضلاب اخیرا محققین را برای استفاده از فرایندهای اکسیداسیون پیشرفته بر پایه فعال­سازی پرسولفات (PS) ترغیب کرده است. از اینرو هدف از مطالعه ما حذف سفتریاکسون از طریق فعال­سازی پرسولفات (PS) با نانوذرات روی صفرظرفیتی/امواج ماوراصوت (Zn0/US) بود.   مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه آزمایشگاهی، نمونه حاوی آنتی بیوتیک سفتریاکسون تحت فعال سازی پرسولفات از طریق پراب التراسونیک با فرکانس kHz 40 قرار گرفت. بهینه سازی پارامترهای عملیاتی همچون pH اولیه، دوز کاتالیست، غلظت اولیه سفتریاکسون، زمان واکنش و غلظت پرسولفات از طریق متدولوژی سطح پاسخ (RSM) انجام شد. در شرایط بهینه، اثر هم­افزایی، تغییرات در اسکن طول موج، نرخ معدنی سازی و تاثیر رباینده­ رادیکال مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. در نهایت، غلظت سفتریاکسون، اکسیژن مورد نیاز شیمیایی (COD) و کل کربن آلی (TOC) از طریق دستگاه­های تشخیصی اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: برپایه آنالیز واریانس RSM  حداکثر حذف آنتی بیوتیک (94/54%)، COD ( 66%) و TOC (54%) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی شامل pH برابر 3،  mg/L 75/0 غلظت پرسولفات و کاتالیست، mg/L 15 سفتریاکسون و 45 دقیقه زمان واکنش بدست آمد. حضور ترت بوتیل الکل و اتانول به عنوان رباینده رادیکال هیدروکسیل و سولفات نرخ عملکرد فرآیند به 79% و 45% در زمان واکنش 45 دقیقه کاهش داد و تاکید کرد که گونه های فعال در تجزیه سفتریاکسون مشارکت دارند. نتیجه گیری: برپایه نتایج، فرآیند Zn0/US/PS را میتوان به عنوان یک فرآیند پیش تصفیه برای حذف موثر سفتریاکسون از محیط های آبی مورد ملاحظه قرار داد.   2 Background: The poor degradability of antibiotics in conventional wastewater treatment processes has recently encouraged researchers to use advanced oxidation processes based on persulfate (PS) activation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to remove ceftriaxone through the activation of persulfate with zero valence zinc/ultrasonic waves (Zn0/US). Methods: In this laboratory study, the sample containing the antibiotic ceftriaxone was subjected to persulfate activation through an ultrasonic probe with a frequency of 40 kHz. Optimization of operational parameters such as initial pH, catalyst dose, initial ceftriaxone concentration, reaction time and persulfate concentration was done through response surface methodology (RSM). In optimal conditions, synergistic effect, changes in wavelength scanning, mineralization rate and radical scavenger effect were studied. Finally, ceftriaxone concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured through diagnostic devices. Results: Based on RSM analysis of variance, the maximum removal of antibiotic (94.54%), COD (66%) and TOC (54%) in laboratory conditions including pH equal to 3, 0.75 mg/L persulfate and catalyst concentration, 15 mg/L ceftriaxone and 45 minutes of reaction time were obtained. The presence of tert-butyl alcohol and ethanol as scavengers of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals decreased the efficiency rate of the process to 79% and 45% in the reaction time of 45 minutes and emphasized that the active species participate in ceftriaxone degradation. Conclusion: Based on the results, the process of Zn0/US/PS can be considered as a pretreatment process for the effective removal of ceftriaxone from water environments. 366 379 2024/06/82024/05/122024/05/22024/06/82024/04/82024/04/102024/04/222021/06/5 1400/3/15 2024/06/122024/06/82024/06/112024/06/122024/06/82024/06/82024/06/152024/06/15 1403/3/26 زهره بریزی Zohreh Berizi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشکده علوم پزشکی لارستان، لارستان، ایران ایران محمد رضا زارع Mohammad Reza Zare گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشکده علوم پزشکی لارستان، لارستان، ایران ایران لیلا رضایی Leila rezaei گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط بیمارستان امام رضا (ع)، دانشکده علوم پزشکی لارستان، لارستان، ایران ایران علی پرویزی مهر Ali Parvizimehr گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشکده علوم پزشکی لارستان، لارستان، ایران ایران صالحه صالح نیا salehe salehnia گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران ایران محسن رضایی Mohsen Rezaei گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشکده علوم پزشکی تربت جام، تربت جام، ایران ایران نظام الدین منگلی زاده Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشکده علوم پزشکی لارستان، لارستان، ایران ایران Ceftriaxone persulfate activation response surface methodology mineralization rate optimization سفتریاکسون فعال سازی پرسولفات متدلوژی سطح پاسخ نرخ معدنی سازی بهینه سازی 1. Wang J, Zhuan R, Chu L. The occurrence, distribution and degradation of antibiotics by ionizing radiation: an overview. Science of the Total Environment 2019;646: 1385-97.##SAMARGHANDI MR, Ahmadidoost G, MAJIDI S, et al. Optimization of Electrocoagulation via Response Surface Methodology to Remove Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Media. 2017.##Zhang L, Chen R, Liu Y, et al. Influence of metal ions on sulfonamide antibiotics biochemical behavior in fiber coexisting system. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019;80: 267-76.##Szymańska U, Wiergowski M, Sołtyszewski I, et al. Presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment in Europe and their analytical monitoring: Recent trends and perspectives. Microchemical Journal 2019.##Phonsiri V, Choi S, Nguyen C, et al. Monitoring occurrence and removal of selected pharmaceuticals in two different wastewater treatment plants. SN Applied Sciences 2019;1(7): 798.##Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu E, et al. Bi2WO6 nanoflowers: An efficient visible light photocatalytic activity for ceftriaxone sodium degradation. Applied Surface Science 2018;436: 854-64.##Zhao Y, Liang X, Wang Y, et al. Degradation and removal of Ceftriaxone sodium in aquatic environment with Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Journal of colloid and interface science 2018;523: 7-17.##Yan W, Xiao Y, Yan W, et al. The effect of bioelectrochemical systems on antibiotics removal and antibiotic resistance genes: a review. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018.##Homem V, Santos L. Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous matrices - A review. Journal of Environmental Management 2011;92(10): 2304-47.##Rahmani A, Mehralipour J, Majidi S. Performance Evaluation of Ozonation Combined with Persulfate Application for Removal of Furfural from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Environmental Health Enginering 2017;4(2): 115-25.##Yu H, Zhang T, Jing Z, et al. In situ fabrication of dynamic nano zero-valent iron/activated carbon nanotubes membranes for tellurium separation. Chemical Engineering Science 2019;205: 278-86.##Chiu Y-T, Lin C-H, Lee J, Lin K-YA. Reduction of nitrate to nitrite in water by acid-washed zero-valent zinc. Separation Science and Technology 2019: 1-10.##Guo J, Zhu L, Sun N, Lan Y. Degradation of nitrobenzene by sodium persulfate activated with zero-valent zinc in the presence of low frequency ultrasound. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2017;78: 137-43.##Ke Y, Ning X-a, Liang J, et al. Sludge treatment by integrated ultrasound-Fenton process: Characterization of sludge organic matter and its impact on PAHs removal. Journal of hazardous materials 2018;343: 191-9.##Singh A, Kaur N, Parmar A, Chopra HK. Chapter 1 - The Fundamental perspectives of greener synthesis. In: Kharisov B, Kharissova O, editors. Handbook of Greener Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Compounds: Elsevier; 2021. p. 3-36.##Theerthagiri J, Senthil RA, Thirumalai D, Madhavan J. Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Using Nanomaterials. Handbook of Ultrasonics and Sonochemistry. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2016. p. 553-86.##Shishir MRI, Chen W. Trends of spray drying: A critical review on drying of fruit and vegetable juices. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2017;65: 49-67.##Bahadar A, Khan MB, Asim MA, Jalwana K. Chapter 21 - Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Microalgae (Chlorella vulagaris) Biomass. In: Kim S-K, editor. Handbook of Marine Microalgae. Boston: Academic Press; 2015. p. 317-30.##Akl MA, Ahmed MA, Ramadan A. Validation of an HPLC-UV method for the determination of ceftriaxone sodium residues on stainless steel surface of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipments. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 2011;55(2): 247-52.##Way C. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 2012.##Zhang T, Yang Y, Gao J, et al. Synergistic degradation of chloramphenicol by ultrasound-enhanced nanoscale zero-valent iron/persulfate treatment. Separation and Purification Technology 2020;240: 116575.##Zhang T, Yang Y, Li X, et al. Degradation of sulfamethazine by persulfate activated with nanosized zero-valent copper in combination with ultrasonic irradiation. Separation and Purification Technology 2020;239: 116537.##Samarghandi M, Shahbazi Z, Bahadori R, et al. The Ability of Sulfate Radicals Activated by Ozone Molecules in Degradation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate as Anionic Detergent (SDBS) from Synthetic Effluent. Journal of Health 2019;9(5): 496-509.##Kermani M, Ahmadi S, Shahbazi Z, et al. Optimization of US-Electropersulfate Process for Leachate Treatment by Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Environmental Health Enginering 2019;6(2): 149-64.##Wang B, Wang Y. A comprehensive review on persulfate activation treatment of wastewater. Science of The Total Environment 2022;831: 154906.##1. Wang J, Zhuan R, Chu L. The occurrence, distribution and degradation of antibiotics by ionizing radiation: an overview. Science of the Total Environment 2019;646: 1385-97.##SAMARGHANDI MR, Ahmadidoost G, MAJIDI S, et al. Optimization of Electrocoagulation via Response Surface Methodology to Remove Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Media. 2017.##Zhang L, Chen R, Liu Y, et al. Influence of metal ions on sulfonamide antibiotics biochemical behavior in fiber coexisting system. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019;80: 267-76.##Szymańska U, Wiergowski M, Sołtyszewski I, et al. Presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment in Europe and their analytical monitoring: Recent trends and perspectives. Microchemical Journal 2019.##Phonsiri V, Choi S, Nguyen C, et al. Monitoring occurrence and removal of selected pharmaceuticals in two different wastewater treatment plants. SN Applied Sciences 2019;1(7): 798.##Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu E, et al. Bi2WO6 nanoflowers: An efficient visible light photocatalytic activity for ceftriaxone sodium degradation. Applied Surface Science 2018;436: 854-64.##Zhao Y, Liang X, Wang Y, et al. Degradation and removal of Ceftriaxone sodium in aquatic environment with Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Journal of colloid and interface science 2018;523: 7-17.##Yan W, Xiao Y, Yan W, et al. The effect of bioelectrochemical systems on antibiotics removal and antibiotic resistance genes: a review. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018.##Homem V, Santos L. Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous matrices - A review. Journal of Environmental Management 2011;92(10): 2304-47.##Rahmani A, Mehralipour J, Majidi S. Performance Evaluation of Ozonation Combined with Persulfate Application for Removal of Furfural from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Environmental Health Enginering 2017;4(2): 115-25.##Yu H, Zhang T, Jing Z, et al. In situ fabrication of dynamic nano zero-valent iron/activated carbon nanotubes membranes for tellurium separation. Chemical Engineering Science 2019;205: 278-86.##Chiu Y-T, Lin C-H, Lee J, Lin K-YA. Reduction of nitrate to nitrite in water by acid-washed zero-valent zinc. Separation Science and Technology 2019: 1-10.##Guo J, Zhu L, Sun N, Lan Y. Degradation of nitrobenzene by sodium persulfate activated with zero-valent zinc in the presence of low frequency ultrasound. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2017;78: 137-43.##Ke Y, Ning X-a, Liang J, et al. Sludge treatment by integrated ultrasound-Fenton process: Characterization of sludge organic matter and its impact on PAHs removal. Journal of hazardous materials 2018;343: 191-9.##Singh A, Kaur N, Parmar A, Chopra HK. Chapter 1 - The Fundamental perspectives of greener synthesis. In: Kharisov B, Kharissova O, editors. Handbook of Greener Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Compounds: Elsevier; 2021. p. 3-36.##Theerthagiri J, Senthil RA, Thirumalai D, Madhavan J. Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Using Nanomaterials. Handbook of Ultrasonics and Sonochemistry. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2016. p. 553-86.##Shishir MRI, Chen W. Trends of spray drying: A critical review on drying of fruit and vegetable juices. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2017;65: 49-67.##Bahadar A, Khan MB, Asim MA, Jalwana K. Chapter 21 - Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Microalgae (Chlorella vulagaris) Biomass. In: Kim S-K, editor. Handbook of Marine Microalgae. Boston: Academic Press; 2015. p. 317-30.##Akl MA, Ahmed MA, Ramadan A. Validation of an HPLC-UV method for the determination of ceftriaxone sodium residues on stainless steel surface of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipments. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 2011;55(2): 247-52.##Way C. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 2012.##Zhang T, Yang Y, Gao J, et al. Synergistic degradation of chloramphenicol by ultrasound-enhanced nanoscale zero-valent iron/persulfate treatment. Separation and Purification Technology 2020;240: 116575.##Zhang T, Yang Y, Li X, et al. Degradation of sulfamethazine by persulfate activated with nanosized zero-valent copper in combination with ultrasonic irradiation. Separation and Purification Technology 2020;239: 116537.##Samarghandi M, Shahbazi Z, Bahadori R, et al. The Ability of Sulfate Radicals Activated by Ozone Molecules in Degradation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate as Anionic Detergent (SDBS) from Synthetic Effluent. Journal of Health 2019;9(5): 496-509.##Kermani M, Ahmadi S, Shahbazi Z, et al. Optimization of US-Electropersulfate Process for Leachate Treatment by Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Environmental Health Enginering 2019;6(2): 149-64.##Wang B, Wang Y. A comprehensive review on persulfate activation treatment of wastewater. Science of The Total Environment 2022;831: 154906.## ##