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بررسی انباشت زیستی فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیوم، نیکل و آهن در برگ گیاه نیشکر (Saccharum officinarum): مطالعه موردی مزارع شرکت امیرکبیر Investigation of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Ni and Fe in the leaves of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum): A case study of Amirkabir Company farms 1 1 زمینه و هدف: گیاهان یکی از شاخص­‌های زیستی هستند که با استفاده از آن­ها می­‌توان وضعیت آلودگی فلزات سنگین خاک را مشخص کرد. پژوهش حاضر در سال 1403 با هدف بررسی زیستی فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیوم، نیکل و آهن نیشکر (Saccharum officinarum) در شرکت کشت و صنعت امیرکبیر انجام شد. مواد و روش‌­ها: با توجه به مزارع شرکت کشت و صنعت امیرکبیر تعداد ۶ ایستگاه انتخاب شد که ۱۸ نمونه خاک و ۳۶ نمونه برگ به صورت تصادفی با ۳ تکرار، از ۴ جهت مختلف جغرافیایی جمع­‌آوری شد. به منظور بررسی انباشت زیستی فلزات سنگین در برگ از ضریب تجمع زیستی استفاده گردید. یافته‌­ها: نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌­داری بین گروه‌­های خاک و برگ‌­های شسته شده و شسته نشده نیشکر در شش ایستگاه وجود داشت (P<۰/۰۵). غلظت فلزات سرب، کادمیوم، آهن و نیکل در نمونه­‌های خاک بیشتر از نمونه گیاهی بود. همچنین در شش ایستگاه غلظت فلزات سنگین در برگ شسته نشده بیشتر از برگ شسته شده بود. بیشترین میانگین غلظت فلزات سنگین گیاه بین چهار فلزات مورد بررسی متعلق به آهن (۳/۶۸±۱۹۸/۰۸ میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) وکمترین غلظت متعلق به کادمیوم (۰/۳۳±۴/۸۶ میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) به دست آمد. میانگین ضریب انباشت زیستی فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیوم، آهن و نیکل به ترتیب برابر ۰/۹۵، ۰/۶۲، ۰/۲۶ و ۰/۷۷ بود. نتیجه‌­گیری: مقادیر ضریب انباشت زیستی فلزات سنگین کمتر ۱ به دست آمد. فلز سرب بیشترین و فلز آهن کمترین ضریب انباشت زیستی را داشتند، بنابراین می‌­توان نتیجه گرفت که گیاه نیشکر پتانسیل گیاه­‌پالایی فلز سرب را داشت. 2 Background: Plants are one of the biological indicators that can be used to determine the state of heavy metal pollution in the soil. This study was conducted in 2024 with the aim of bio-investigating the heavy metals Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) at Amirkabir Agriculture and Industry Company. Materials and Methods: According to the farms of Amirkabir Agriculture and Industry Company, 6 stations were selected, from which 18 soil samples and 36 leaf samples were collected randomly with 3 replications from 4 different geographical directions. In order to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in leaves, the bioaccumulation coefficient was used. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the soil and washed and unwashed sugarcane leaves in six stations (P<0.05). The concentration of Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni in soil samples was higher than in Saccharum officinarum. Also, in six stations, the concentration of heavy metals in unwashed leaves was higher than in washed leaves. The highest average concentration of heavy metals in plants among the four metals studied belonged to Fe (198.08±3.68 mg kg-1) and the lowest concentration belonged to Cd (4.86±0.33 mg kg-1). The average bioaccumulation coefficients of Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni were 0.95, 0.62, 0.26 and 0.77, respectively. Conclusion: The bioaccumulation coefficient values ​​of heavy metals were less than 1. Pb had the highest and Fe the lowest bioaccumulation coefficient, so it can be concluded that sugarcane has the potential to phytoremediate Pb. 118 133 2025/04/28 1404/2/8 2025/06/2 1404/3/12 لیلا بورد Leila Bovard گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران مریم محمدی روزبهانی Maryam Mohammadi Roozbahani گروه محیط زیست، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران Mmohammadiroozbahani@iau.ac.ir Plant leaf contamination heavy metal toxicity bioaccumulation index sugarcane phytoremediation آلودگی برگ گیاهان سمیت فلزات سنگین شاخص انباشت زیستی گیاه پالایی نیشکر Mekassa B, Etana E, Merga LB. Proximate analysis, levels of trace heavy metals and associated human health risk assessments of Ethiopian white sugars. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2024;16:101086.##Fareed G, Baig JA, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Akhtar K, Solangi IB. Heavy metals contamination levels in the products of sugar industry along with their impact from sugar to the end users. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2024;104(10):2407-16.##Mitra S, Chakraborty AJ, Tareq AM, Emran TB, Nainu F, Khusro A, Idris AM, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Alhumaydhi FA, Simal-Gandara J. Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. Journal of King Saud University-Science. 2022;34(3):101865.##Shahkarami S, Goudarzi F, Amiri-Ardekani E, Dehghani S. Heavy metals contamination in two species of medicinal plants in the Iranian market. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2023;103(19):8532-41.##Alissa EM, Ferns GA. Potential Cardioprotective Effects of Functional Foods. Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements: Processing Effects and Health Benefits. 2014; 6:463-87.##Zeheyrifar S, Mohammadi Rozbahani M. Investigating the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and nickel in Soil and Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota in the agricultural fields of Shush city. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2024; 11 (4): 443-455. [In Persian].##Shaker Koohi S, Rabiee M. Effect of intercropping on the Cd accumulation in soil and rice plants: A review. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2024; 11 (3): 287-301. [In Persian].##Alcivar M, Vinueza E, Pernia B, Álvarez-Montero X, Gallardo A. Contamination by Cadmium and Lead in Sugarcane and Its Derived Products in Ecuador. Agriculture. 2024;14(12):2121.##Kumar S, Islam R, Akash PB, Khan MH, Proshad R, Karmoker J, MacFarlane GR. Lead (Pb) contamination in agricultural products and human health risk assessment in Bangladesh. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2022;233(7):257.##Kalbati Mosavi S A, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M, Attar roshan S. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution using biological markers of Prosopis juliflora and palm Phoenix dactylifera trees around Ahvaz Shadgan Steel Factory. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2024; 11 (2): 130-145. [In Persian].##Antonkiewicz J, Jasiewicz C, Koncewicz-Baran M, Sendor R. Nickel bioaccumulation by the chosen plant species. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2016; 38: 1-1.##Iyaka YA. Nickel in soils: A review of its distribution and impacts. Scientific Research and Essays. 2011; 6(33): 6774-6777.##Colombo C, Palumbo G, He JZ, Pinton R, Cesco S. Review on iron availability in soil: interaction of Fe minerals, plants, and microbes. Journal of soils and sediments. 2014;14:538-48.##Patra A, Sharma VK, Jatav HS, Dutta A, Rekwar RK, Chattopadhyay A, Trivedi A, Mohapatra KK, Anil AS. Iron in the soil-plant-human continuum. InFrontiers in Plant-Soil Interaction 2021; (pp. 531-546). Academic Press.##Abbaszadeh H, Mohammadi Roozbahani M, Sobhanardakani S. Use of Ziziphus spina-christi and Prosopis cineraria leaves as bio-indicators of environmental pollution emitted from industrial areas. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2019; 12 (1): 87-100. [In Persian].##Tahmasbpur H, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M. Biosorption of Lead (II) from Aquatic Solutions Using Leaves of Saccharum Officinarum. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2024; 10(2): 11-23. [In Persian].##Rafati, M., Mohammadi Rozbahani, M. And Naseri Monfared, H. 2021. Accumulation of heavy metals (lead and nickel) by the soil and leaves of Albizia lebbeck and Conocarpus erectus from the city of Ahwaz. Journal of Forest and Wood Products 73 (4), 379-387. [In Persian].##Torkashvand, V., Mohammadi Rouzbahni, M. and Babaeinezhad, T. 2018. Survey of heavy metals (Pb,Ni,Cr,Cd ) bio-accumulation in the leaves of (Albizia lebbek and Eucalyotus camadulensis) (case stady: Iran National Steel Industrial Group). Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences 6 (1), 33-43. [In Persian].##Vodyanitskii YN. Standards for the contents of heavy metals in soils of some states. Annals of agrarian science. 2016;14(3):257-63.##Ogundele DT, Adio AA, Oludele OE. Heavy metal concentrations in plants and soil along heavy traffic roads in North Central Nigeria. Journal of environmental & analytical toxicology. 2015;5(6):1.##Choomanee P, Bualert S, Thongyen T, Salao S, W Szymanski W, Rungratanaubon T. Vertical variation of carbonaceous aerosols within the PM2.5 fraction in Bangkok, Thailand. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2020;20(1): 43-52.##Hussain U, Afza R, Gul I, Sajad MA, Shah GM, Muhammad Z, Khan SM. Phytoremediation of heavy metals spiked soil by Celosia argentea L.: effect on plant growth and metal stabilization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2024;31(10):15339-15347.##Asiminicesei DM, Fertu DI, Gavrilescu M. Impact of heavy metal pollution in the environment on the metabolic profile of medicinal plants and their therapeutic potential. Plants. 2024;13(6):913.##Atta MI, Zehra SS, Dai DQ, Ali H, Naveed K, Ali I, Sarwar M, Ali B, Iqbal R, Bawazeer S, Abdel-Hameed UK. Amassing of heavy metals in soils, vegetables and crop plants irrigated with wastewater: Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Frontiers in plant science. 2023;13:1080635.##Bahemuka TE, Mubofu EB. Heavy metals in edible green vegetables grown along the sites of the Sinza and Msimbazi rivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Food Chemistry. 1999;66(1):63 -6.##Johnson CM, Ulrich A. 2. Analytical methods for use in plant analysis. Bulletin of the California agricultural experiment station. 1959.##Kimbrough DE, Wakakuwa JR. Acid digestion for sediments, sludges, soils, and solid wastes. A proposed alternative to EPA SW 846 Method 3050. Environmental Science & Technology. 1989;23(7): 898 -900.##Yoon J, Cao X, Zhou Q, Ma LQ. Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment. 2006; 368(2-3): 456 -464.##Mortazavi S, Ghasemi Aghbash F, Naderi Motiy R. The feasibility of biomonitoring of heavy metals by wooden species of urban areas. Forest Research and Development. 2019;5(1):55-71.##Pourkhabbaz HR, Javanmardi S. Determination of heavy metal concentration in vegetation around cement factory of Behbahan by using plant bioindicators. Journal of Geographic Space. 2018; 18 (62): 19-29.##Celik A, Kartal AA, Akdoğan A, Kaska Y. Determining the heavy metal pollution in Denizli (Turkey) by using Robinio pseudo-acacia L. Environment international. 2005;31(1):105-12.##Aricak B, Çetin M, Erdem R, Sevik H, Cometen H. The change of some heavy metal concentrations in Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris) depending on traffic density, organelle and washing. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research. 2019;17(3): 6723-6734.##Sevik H, Cetin M, Ozel HB, Ozel S, Zeren Cetin I. Changes in heavy metal accumulation in some edible landscape plants depending on traffic density. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2020;192:1-9.##Habibi S, Behrouzi M, Nohegar A. Measurement and evaluation of heavy metal accumulation in soil and leaves of three tree species (Azadirachta indica, Conocarpus Erectus L. and Prosopis juliflora) in Bandar Abbas. Environmental Sciences. 2023;21(3):267-88. [In Persian].##Schreck E, Foucault Y, Sarret G, Sobanska S, Cécillon L, Castrec-Rouelle M, Uzu G, Dumat C. Metal and metalloid foliar uptake by various plant species exposed to atmospheric industrial fallout: mechanisms involved for lead. Science of the Total Environment. 2012;427:253-62.##De Temmerman L, Ruttens A, Waegeneers N. Impact of atmospheric deposition of As, Cd and Pb on their concentration in carrot and celeriac. Environmental Pollution. 2012;166:187-195.##Pierzynski GM, Vance GF, Sims JT. Soils and environmental quality. CRC press; 2005.##Bohemen HV, Janssen Van De Laak WH. The influence of road infrastructure and traffic on soil, water, and air quality. Environmental management. 2003;31:0050-68.##Sulaiman M, Purayil FT, Krishankumar S, Kurup SS, Pessarakli M. Accumulation of toxic elements in soil and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) through fertilizer application. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2021;44(7):958-69.##Stojic N, Štrbac S, Curcic L, Pucarevic M, Prokic D, Stepanov J, Stojic G. Exploring the impact of transportation on heavy metal pollution: A comparative study of trains and cars. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2023;125:103966.##Pour Gholam Khabaz A, Mohammadi Ruzbahani M. The study of the traceability of lead heavy metal in the leaves of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus microtheca) and Burhan (Albizia lebbeck) trees in Shush city. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2024;9(4):403-416. [In Persian].##Xu G, Deng C, Wang J, Zhu H, Sun Z, Wang X, Zhu K, Yin J, Tang Z. Lead bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution and chemical form in sugarcane and its potential for phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2020;26(5):1175-1187.##Mekassa B, Etana E, Merga LB. Proximate analysis, levels of trace heavy metals and associated human health risk assessments of Ethiopian white sugars. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2024;16:101086.##Fareed G, Baig JA, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Akhtar K, Solangi IB. Heavy metals contamination levels in the products of sugar industry along with their impact from sugar to the end users. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2024;104(10):2407-16.##Mitra S, Chakraborty AJ, Tareq AM, Emran TB, Nainu F, Khusro A, Idris AM, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Alhumaydhi FA, Simal-Gandara J. Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. Journal of King Saud University-Science. 2022;34(3):101865.##Shahkarami S, Goudarzi F, Amiri-Ardekani E, Dehghani S. Heavy metals contamination in two species of medicinal plants in the Iranian market. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2023;103(19):8532-41.##Alissa EM, Ferns GA. Potential Cardioprotective Effects of Functional Foods. Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements: Processing Effects and Health Benefits. 2014; 6:463-87.##Zeheyrifar S, Mohammadi Rozbahani M. Investigating the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and nickel in Soil and Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota in the agricultural fields of Shush city. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2024; 11 (4): 443-455. [In Persian].##Shaker Koohi S, Rabiee M. Effect of intercropping on the Cd accumulation in soil and rice plants: A review. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2024; 11 (3): 287-301. [In Persian].##Alcivar M, Vinueza E, Pernia B, Álvarez-Montero X, Gallardo A. Contamination by Cadmium and Lead in Sugarcane and Its Derived Products in Ecuador. Agriculture. 2024;14(12):2121.##Kumar S, Islam R, Akash PB, Khan MH, Proshad R, Karmoker J, MacFarlane GR. Lead (Pb) contamination in agricultural products and human health risk assessment in Bangladesh. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2022;233(7):257.##Kalbati Mosavi S A, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M, Attar roshan S. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution using biological markers of Prosopis juliflora and palm Phoenix dactylifera trees around Ahvaz Shadgan Steel Factory. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2024; 11 (2): 130-145. [In Persian].##Antonkiewicz J, Jasiewicz C, Koncewicz-Baran M, Sendor R. Nickel bioaccumulation by the chosen plant species. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2016; 38: 1-1.##Iyaka YA. Nickel in soils: A review of its distribution and impacts. Scientific Research and Essays. 2011; 6(33): 6774-6777.##Colombo C, Palumbo G, He JZ, Pinton R, Cesco S. Review on iron availability in soil: interaction of Fe minerals, plants, and microbes. Journal of soils and sediments. 2014;14:538-48.##Patra A, Sharma VK, Jatav HS, Dutta A, Rekwar RK, Chattopadhyay A, Trivedi A, Mohapatra KK, Anil AS. Iron in the soil-plant-human continuum. InFrontiers in Plant-Soil Interaction 2021; (pp. 531-546). Academic Press.##Abbaszadeh H, Mohammadi Roozbahani M, Sobhanardakani S. Use of Ziziphus spina-christi and Prosopis cineraria leaves as bio-indicators of environmental pollution emitted from industrial areas. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2019; 12 (1): 87-100. [In Persian].##Tahmasbpur H, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M. Biosorption of Lead (II) from Aquatic Solutions Using Leaves of Saccharum Officinarum. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2024; 10(2): 11-23. [In Persian].##Rafati, M., Mohammadi Rozbahani, M. And Naseri Monfared, H. 2021. Accumulation of heavy metals (lead and nickel) by the soil and leaves of Albizia lebbeck and Conocarpus erectus from the city of Ahwaz. Journal of Forest and Wood Products 73 (4), 379-387. [In Persian].##Torkashvand, V., Mohammadi Rouzbahni, M. and Babaeinezhad, T. 2018. Survey of heavy metals (Pb,Ni,Cr,Cd ) bio-accumulation in the leaves of (Albizia lebbek and Eucalyotus camadulensis) (case stady: Iran National Steel Industrial Group). Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences 6 (1), 33-43. [In Persian].##Vodyanitskii YN. Standards for the contents of heavy metals in soils of some states. Annals of agrarian science. 2016;14(3):257-63.##Ogundele DT, Adio AA, Oludele OE. Heavy metal concentrations in plants and soil along heavy traffic roads in North Central Nigeria. Journal of environmental & analytical toxicology. 2015;5(6):1.##Choomanee P, Bualert S, Thongyen T, Salao S, W Szymanski W, Rungratanaubon T. Vertical variation of carbonaceous aerosols within the PM2.5 fraction in Bangkok, Thailand. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2020;20(1): 43-52.##Hussain U, Afza R, Gul I, Sajad MA, Shah GM, Muhammad Z, Khan SM. Phytoremediation of heavy metals spiked soil by Celosia argentea L.: effect on plant growth and metal stabilization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2024;31(10):15339-15347.##Asiminicesei DM, Fertu DI, Gavrilescu M. Impact of heavy metal pollution in the environment on the metabolic profile of medicinal plants and their therapeutic potential. Plants. 2024;13(6):913.##Atta MI, Zehra SS, Dai DQ, Ali H, Naveed K, Ali I, Sarwar M, Ali B, Iqbal R, Bawazeer S, Abdel-Hameed UK. Amassing of heavy metals in soils, vegetables and crop plants irrigated with wastewater: Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Frontiers in plant science. 2023;13:1080635.##Bahemuka TE, Mubofu EB. Heavy metals in edible green vegetables grown along the sites of the Sinza and Msimbazi rivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Food Chemistry. 1999;66(1):63 -6.##Johnson CM, Ulrich A. 2. Analytical methods for use in plant analysis. Bulletin of the California agricultural experiment station. 1959.##Kimbrough DE, Wakakuwa JR. Acid digestion for sediments, sludges, soils, and solid wastes. A proposed alternative to EPA SW 846 Method 3050. Environmental Science & Technology. 1989;23(7): 898 -900.##Yoon J, Cao X, Zhou Q, Ma LQ. Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment. 2006; 368(2-3): 456 -464.##Mortazavi S, Ghasemi Aghbash F, Naderi Motiy R. The feasibility of biomonitoring of heavy metals by wooden species of urban areas. Forest Research and Development. 2019;5(1):55-71.##Pourkhabbaz HR, Javanmardi S. Determination of heavy metal concentration in vegetation around cement factory of Behbahan by using plant bioindicators. Journal of Geographic Space. 2018; 18 (62): 19-29.##Celik A, Kartal AA, Akdoğan A, Kaska Y. Determining the heavy metal pollution in Denizli (Turkey) by using Robinio pseudo-acacia L. Environment international. 2005;31(1):105-12.##Aricak B, Çetin M, Erdem R, Sevik H, Cometen H. The change of some heavy metal concentrations in Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris) depending on traffic density, organelle and washing. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research. 2019;17(3): 6723-6734.##Sevik H, Cetin M, Ozel HB, Ozel S, Zeren Cetin I. Changes in heavy metal accumulation in some edible landscape plants depending on traffic density. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2020;192:1-9.##Habibi S, Behrouzi M, Nohegar A. Measurement and evaluation of heavy metal accumulation in soil and leaves of three tree species (Azadirachta indica, Conocarpus Erectus L. and Prosopis juliflora) in Bandar Abbas. Environmental Sciences. 2023;21(3):267-88. [In Persian].##Schreck E, Foucault Y, Sarret G, Sobanska S, Cécillon L, Castrec-Rouelle M, Uzu G, Dumat C. Metal and metalloid foliar uptake by various plant species exposed to atmospheric industrial fallout: mechanisms involved for lead. Science of the Total Environment. 2012;427:253-62.##De Temmerman L, Ruttens A, Waegeneers N. Impact of atmospheric deposition of As, Cd and Pb on their concentration in carrot and celeriac. Environmental Pollution. 2012;166:187-195.##Pierzynski GM, Vance GF, Sims JT. Soils and environmental quality. CRC press; 2005.##Bohemen HV, Janssen Van De Laak WH. The influence of road infrastructure and traffic on soil, water, and air quality. Environmental management. 2003;31:0050-68.##Sulaiman M, Purayil FT, Krishankumar S, Kurup SS, Pessarakli M. Accumulation of toxic elements in soil and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) through fertilizer application. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2021;44(7):958-69.##Stojic N, Štrbac S, Curcic L, Pucarevic M, Prokic D, Stepanov J, Stojic G. Exploring the impact of transportation on heavy metal pollution: A comparative study of trains and cars. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2023;125:103966.##Pour Gholam Khabaz A, Mohammadi Ruzbahani M. The study of the traceability of lead heavy metal in the leaves of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus microtheca) and Burhan (Albizia lebbeck) trees in Shush city. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2024;9(4):403-416. [In Persian].##Xu G, Deng C, Wang J, Zhu H, Sun Z, Wang X, Zhu K, Yin J, Tang Z. Lead bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution and chemical form in sugarcane and its potential for phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2020;26(5):1175-1187. ##

ارزیابی تأثیر مدیریت منابع انسانی بر ایمنی و بهداشت کارکنان شاغل در شرکت فروآلیاژ متحد شرق آسیا، اسلام‌آباد غرب، کرمانشاه Assessment of the effect of human resource management on the safety and health of workers in East Asia Ferroalloy Factory, Eslamabad-e Gharb, Kermanshah 1 1 زمینه و هدف: امروزه، مدیریت نیروی انسانی سازمان به‌عنوان دارایی ارزشمند برای کسب مزیت رقابتی و به‌تبع آن افزایش رضایت شغلی در بین افراد، منجر به ارتقای تعهد سازمانی و کارایی و بهره‌‌وری سازمان می‌شود. لذا، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر مدیریت منابع انسانی بر ایمنی و بهداشت کارکنان شاغل در کارخانه فروآلیاژ متحد شرق آسیا در اسلام‌آباد غرب انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش توصیفی، برای ارزیابی تأثیر مدیریت منابع انسانی بر ایمنی و بهداشت کارکنان، پرسش‌نامه محقق‌ساخته شامل پرسشنامه مشخصات دموگرافیک (واجد پرسش‌هایی درخصوص جنسیت، سن، تأهل و سابقه کاری) و پرسشنامه مدیریت منابع انسانی (شامل ۱۴ گویه بسته پاسخ) و پرسشنامه ایمنی و سلامت کارکنان (شامل ۲۰ گویه بسته پاسخ) طراحی شدند. برای پردازش آماری داده‌ها نیز از نسخه ۲۰ نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که متغیرهای "مدیریت منابع انسانی"، "نرخ استخدام و اشتغال"، "آموزش و توسعه"، "ارزیابی عملکرد"، "پاداش خدمت (جبران خدمات)"، "شرایط کاری شاغلین"، "آموزش و بالندگی"، و "ارزیابی عملکرد"، همگی با ضریب مثبت، با متغیر "ایمنی و بهداشت کارکنان" همبستگی معنادار داشته‌اند. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی، برای تقویت عملکرد ایمنی و بهداشت در سازمان‌ها، نسبت به توجه مدیریت شرکت به بهبود انگیزش درونی کارکنان در راستای اجرای مسائل ایمنی از طریق برگزاری دوره‌های آموزشی، فراهم کردن ابزارآلات و تجهیزات ایمنی مناسب، تقویت کار گروهی و ایجاد فرهنگ ایمنی گروهی توصیه ‌می‌شود. 2 Background: Nowadays, human resources are considered as a valuable asset for gaining competitive advantage, and creating factors such as a sense of fair treatment among individuals, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction and play a fundamental role in the organization's performance and productivity. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of human resource management on the safety and health of workers in East Asia Ferroalloy Factory, Eslamabad-e Gharb, Kermanshah, west of Iran. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, to assess the impact of human resource management on employee safety and health, a researcher-made questionnaire including a demographic questionnaire (with questions about gender, age, marital status, and work experience), a human resource management questionnaire (including 14 close-ended questions), and an employee safety and health questionnaire (including 20 close-ended questions) were used. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Based on the results obtained, "human resource management", "recruitment and employment rate", "training and development", "performance evaluation", "service reward (compensation for services)", "working conditions", "training and development", and "performance evaluation" variables all had a significant positive correlation with "employee safety and health" variable. Conclusion: In general, to strengthen safety and health performance in organizations, it is recommended that organizational management pay attention to improving employees' internal motivation to implement safety issues by holding training courses, providing appropriate safety tools and equipment, strengthening teamwork, and creating a group safety culture. 134 157 2025/04/282025/05/3 1404/2/13 2025/06/22025/06/7 1404/3/17 بهنام نظری Behnam Nazari کارشناس ارشد مهندسی ایمنی، بهداشت و محیط‌ زیست، گروه محیط زیست، واحد الکترونیکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران سهیل سبحان اردکانی Soheil Sobhanardakani دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌ زیست، استاد گروه محیط زیست، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران s_sobhan@iau.ac.ir نرگس کارگری Nargess Kargari دکترای تخصصی علوم محیط‌ زیست، استادیار گروه محیط زیست، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران ایران Human resource management Safety Employee health Job satisfaction Kermanshah مدیریت منابع انسانی ایمنی بهداشت کارکنان رضایت شغلی کرمانشاه Hosseini A, Tabasomi A, Dadfar Z. Investigating the impact of human resource management functions on organizational performance. Public Administration Perspective. 2018;8(1):155-71 (In Persian).##Mirzaei Alamooty V, Ataei M, Moghaddas Z. An explanatory model for individual performance based on a commitment human resource approach. Management and Development Process. 2020;33(1):3-26 (In Persian).##Sepahvand R, Moghoyi Nezhad M. The Impact of Human Resources Management High Performance on Organizational EntrepreneUrship with the Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Management Studies in Development and Evolution. 2017;26:53-72 (In Persian).##Taleghani GR, Ghafari A, Haghighi M. The impact of human resource management practices (HRMPs) on the organizational performance among employees of the University of Tehran. Journal of Public Administration. 2016;8(1):1-14 (In Persian).##Davoodi N. Identifying the role of individual, group and organizational factors in empowerment of human resources (Case study: Imam Hossein Hospital of Zanjan in 2015). Industrial Engineering and Production Management Studies. 2017;2(4):32-45 (In Persian).##Layeghi L. The impact of strategic human resources management on innovation and knowledge management. New Research in Management and Accounting. 2017;3(23):137-53 (In Persian).##Mandegari A, Kolak A. Investigating the effect of strategic human resource management on organizational performance of employees (Case study: Persepolis Pars Assaluyeh Petrochemical). Advertising and Sales Management Journal. 2021;1(3):117-38 (In Persian).##Soltani M, Zare H, Parnian Khooy M. Analysis of human resources's role in creating competitive advantage; Use of VRIO Model. Organizational Culture Management. 2015;13(2):393-414 (In Persian).##Rajabi Farjad H, Najar M. The Impact of knowledge management on organizational performance with regard to mediating role of strategic activities of human resource. Journal of Research in Human Resources Management. 2018;10(3):191-214 (In Persian).##Haji Mohammadali Jahromi M, Kharazinia M. Studying the institutionalization of HSE culture among the Staff of Tehran Gas Company. Strategic Studies in the Oil and Energy Industry. 2018;9(35):135-56 (In Persian).##Imani H, Azar A, Gholipour A, Pourezzat AA. Presenting an Interpretive Structural Model of employees' compensation system toward administrative integrity in the public sector. Journal of Public Administration. 2020;12(3):427-60 (In Persian).##Shahhoseini MA, Keimasi M, Fayyazi BM, Khodadadian M. Presenting human resource Risk Management Model in the banking industry based on Grounded Theory (Case study: Mellat Banks of Tehran). Journal of Public Administration. 2020;12(2):346-76 (In Persian).##Abooyee Ardakan M, Ebadi N, Moghimi SM, Yazdani HR. Studying a method for aligning business strategy & HR practices. Journal of Public Administration. 2021;13(2):354-84 (In Persian).##Yaghoubi HR, Gholipour A, Amiry M. Designing a domestic model to determine the dimensions of human resource flexibility in public Babnks. Journal of Public Administration. 2022;14(1):29-52 (In Persian).##Rajabi F, Mokarami H, Jahangiri M. Investigation of safety performance of the workers and the effective demographic charactristics in a gas refinery. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2019;6(1):52-62 (In Persian).##Larijani M. The effect of training on health, safety and environment issues on the level of awareness and behavior of employees in a zinc manufacturing factory. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development. 2018;6(3):91-104 (In Persian).##Ghosouri A. The role of human resource management in organizational performance. New Research in Management and Accounting. 2022;6(20):81-91 (In Persian).##Mousa SK, Othman M. The impact of green human resource management practices on sustainable performance in healthcare organisations: A conceptual framework. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020;243:118595.##Wayne RM. Human Resource Management (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson / Prentice Hall. 2015;410 p.##Alidost E, Sobhanardakani S, Rezaian S. Investigating the impact of organizational safety measures on health and safety performance of organization with emphasis on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and safety culture in industries (Case study: TaghBist Steel Structures Company). Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2024;11(4):486-99 (In Persian).##Nordlöf H, Wiitavaara B, Högberg H, Westerling R. A cross-sectional study of factors influencing occupational health and safety management practices in companies. Safety Science. 2017;95:92-103.##Keffane S. Communication's role in safety management and performance of the road safety practices. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. 2014;3(1):79-94.##Wang D, Wang X, Xia N. How safety-related stress affects workers' safety behavior: The moderating role of psychological capital. Safety Science. 2018;103:247-59.##Kalteh HO, Mortazavi SB, Mohammadi E, Salesi M. The relationship between safety culture and safety climate and safety performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Occupational Safety Ergonomics. 2021;27(1):206-16.##Morrow SL, Koves GK, Barnes VE. Exploring the relationship between safety culture and safety performance in US nuclear power operations. Safety Science. 2014;69:37-47.##Khan SB, Proverbs DG, Xiao H. The motivation of operatives in small construction firms towards health and safety-A conceptual framework. Engineering, Construction Architectural Management. 2022;29(1):245-61.##Shi H, Mohamed Zainal SR. Facilitating mindful safety practices among first-line workers in the Chinese petroleum industry through safety management practices and safety motivation. International Journal of Occupational Safety Ergonomics. 2022;28(3):1584-91.##Hosseini SY, Mousavi SA, Ebrahimi A. The impact of compatibility of human resource management strategies and business strategies on the organizational performance. Management Studies in Development and Evolution. 2012;21(67):200-26 (In Persian).##Navestad T. Safety culture, working conditions and personal injuries in Norwegian maritime transport. Marine Policy. 2017;84:251-62.##Rajabi F, Mokarami H, Jahangiri M. Investigation of safety performance of the workers and the effective demographic charactristics in a gas refinery. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2019;6(1):52-62 (In Persian).##Aali H, Mehrara A, Matani M. The dimensions of the Strategic Agility Development Model human resource management measures. Iranian Journal of Public Policy in Management. 2023;13(48):179-98 (In Persian).##Yarahmadi R, Abareshi F, Solhi M, Haghani H. Understanding the role of response efficiency on reducing ergonomic risk factors in the manufacturing industry in sabzevar. Iran Occupational Health Journal, 2013;10(3):29-36 (In Persian).##Hosseini A, Tabasomi A, Dadfar Z. Investigating the impact of human resource management functions on organizational performance. Public Administration Perspective. 2018;8(1):155-71 (In Persian).##Mirzaei Alamooty V, Ataei M, Moghaddas Z. An explanatory model for individual performance based on a commitment human resource approach. Management and Development Process. 2020;33(1):3-26 (In Persian).##Sepahvand R, Moghoyi Nezhad M. The Impact of Human Resources Management High Performance on Organizational EntrepreneUrship with the Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Management Studies in Development and Evolution. 2017;26:53-72 (In Persian).##Taleghani GR, Ghafari A, Haghighi M. The impact of human resource management practices (HRMPs) on the organizational performance among employees of the University of Tehran. Journal of Public Administration. 2016;8(1):1-14 (In Persian).##Davoodi N. Identifying the role of individual, group and organizational factors in empowerment of human resources (Case study: Imam Hossein Hospital of Zanjan in 2015). Industrial Engineering and Production Management Studies. 2017;2(4):32-45 (In Persian).##Layeghi L. The impact of strategic human resources management on innovation and knowledge management. New Research in Management and Accounting. 2017;3(23):137-53 (In Persian).##Mandegari A, Kolak A. Investigating the effect of strategic human resource management on organizational performance of employees (Case study: Persepolis Pars Assaluyeh Petrochemical). Advertising and Sales Management Journal. 2021;1(3):117-38 (In Persian).##Soltani M, Zare H, Parnian Khooy M. Analysis of human resources's role in creating competitive advantage; Use of VRIO Model. Organizational Culture Management. 2015;13(2):393-414 (In Persian).##Rajabi Farjad H, Najar M. The Impact of knowledge management on organizational performance with regard to mediating role of strategic activities of human resource. Journal of Research in Human Resources Management. 2018;10(3):191-214 (In Persian).##Haji Mohammadali Jahromi M, Kharazinia M. Studying the institutionalization of HSE culture among the Staff of Tehran Gas Company. Strategic Studies in the Oil and Energy Industry. 2018;9(35):135-56 (In Persian).##Imani H, Azar A, Gholipour A, Pourezzat AA. Presenting an Interpretive Structural Model of employees' compensation system toward administrative integrity in the public sector. Journal of Public Administration. 2020;12(3):427-60 (In Persian).##Shahhoseini MA, Keimasi M, Fayyazi BM, Khodadadian M. Presenting human resource Risk Management Model in the banking industry based on Grounded Theory (Case study: Mellat Banks of Tehran). Journal of Public Administration. 2020;12(2):346-76 (In Persian).##Abooyee Ardakan M, Ebadi N, Moghimi SM, Yazdani HR. Studying a method for aligning business strategy & HR practices. Journal of Public Administration. 2021;13(2):354-84 (In Persian).##Yaghoubi HR, Gholipour A, Amiry M. Designing a domestic model to determine the dimensions of human resource flexibility in public Babnks. Journal of Public Administration. 2022;14(1):29-52 (In Persian).##Rajabi F, Mokarami H, Jahangiri M. Investigation of safety performance of the workers and the effective demographic charactristics in a gas refinery. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering. 2019;6(1):52-62 (In Persian).##Larijani M. The effect of training on health, safety and environment issues on the level of awareness and behavior of employees in a zinc manufacturing factory. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development. 2018;6(3):91-104 (In Persian).##Ghosouri A. The role of human resource management in organizational performance. New Research in Management and Accounting. 2022;6(20):81-91 (In Persian).##Mousa SK, Othman M. The impact of green human resource management practices on sustainable performance in healthcare organisations: A conceptual framework. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020;243:118595.##Wayne RM. Human Resource Management (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson / Prentice Hall. 2015;410 p.##Alidost E, Sobhanardakani S, Rezaian S. Investigating the impact of organizational safety measures on health and safety performance of organization with emphasis on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and safety culture in industries (Case study: TaghBist Steel Structures Company). Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2024;11(4):486-99 (In Persian).##Nordlöf H, Wiitavaara B, Högberg H, Westerling R. A cross-sectional study of factors influencing occupational health and safety management practices in companies. Safety Science. 2017;95:92-103.##Keffane S. Communication's role in safety management and performance of the road safety practices. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. 2014;3(1):79-94.##Wang D, Wang X, Xia N. How safety-related stress affects workers' safety behavior: The moderating role of psychological capital. Safety Science. 2018;103:247-59.##Kalteh HO, Mortazavi SB, Mohammadi E, Salesi M. The relationship between safety culture and safety climate and safety performance: a systematic review. International Journal of Occupational Safety Ergonomics. 2021;27(1):206-16.##Morrow SL, Koves GK, Barnes VE. Exploring the relationship between safety culture and safety performance in US nuclear power operations. Safety Science. 2014;69:37-47.##Khan SB, Proverbs DG, Xiao H. The motivation of operatives in small construction firms towards health and safety-A conceptual framework. Engineering, Construction Architectural Management. 2022;29(1):245-61.##Shi H, Mohamed Zainal SR. Facilitating mindful safety practices among first-line workers in the Chinese petroleum industry through safety management practices and safety motivation. International Journal of Occupational Safety Ergonomics. 2022;28(3):1584-91.##Hosseini SY, Mousavi SA, Ebrahimi A. The impact of compatibility of human resource management strategies and business strategies on the organizational performance. Management Studies in Development and Evolution. 2012;21(67):200-26 (In Persian).##Navestad T. Safety culture, working conditions and personal injuries in Norwegian maritime transport. Marine Policy. 2017;84:251-62.##Rajabi F, Mokarami H, Jahangiri M. Investigation of safety performance of the workers and the effective demographic charactristics in a gas refinery. Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering 2019;6(1):52-62 (In Persian).##Aali H, Mehrara A, Matani M. The dimensions of the Strategic Agility Development Model human resource management measures. Iranian Journal of Public Policy in Management. 2023;13(48):179-98 (In Persian).##Yarahmadi R, Abareshi F, Solhi M, Haghani H. Understanding the role of response efficiency on reducing ergonomic risk factors in the manufacturing industry in sabzevar. Iran Occupational Health Journal, 2013;10(3):29-36 (In Persian). ##

اولویت‌بندی آلودگی آب های زیرزمینی(چاه‌ها) با استفاده از الگوریتم های بوردا و چانه زنی در آبخوان خرم آباد Prioritization of Groundwater (Wells) Contamination Using Borda and Bargaining Algorithms in Khorramabad Aquifer 1 1 مقدمه: اولویت‌بندی مناطق برای شناسایی پتانسیل بهره‌برداری از منابع آب با پتانسیل آلودگی یک پروسه‌ی تصمیم‌گیری پیچیده است که باید با مطالعه‌ شرایط مختلف منطقه صورت گیرد. لذا به‌منظور مدیریت منابع آب، بایستی یک روش تصمیم­گیری بهینه برای توسعه و استعدادیابی مناطق مستعد آلودگی در آینده انتخاب گردد. در مطالعه حاضر، اولویت­بندی بر اساس پتانسیل آلودگی در منابع آب­ زیرزمینی آبخوان خرم­آباد مدنظر قرار گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه نقشه­ کاربری اراضی با استفاده از تصاویر سنجنده­  OLIلندست ۸ تهیه شد. همچنین در مراحل مختلف تهیه نقشه کاربری اراضی حوضه خرم­‌آباد و بررسی صحت نقشه‌­های پیش‌بینی‌شده، از نرم­‌افزارهای ArcGIS 10.3 وEnvi 5.3  بهره گرفته‌شده است. پارامترهای مختلف در چاه‌های خرم‌آباد جمع‌آوری و محاسبه شدند و بر اساس اهمیت در ایجاد پتانسیل آلودگی وارد الگوریتم­‌های بوردا و چانه‌زنی شدند. سپس ازنظر پارامترهای بررسی‌شده امتیازبندی شدند. نتایج: با استفاده از دو الگوریتم بوردا و چانه‌زنی در تئوری بازی، مؤثرترین پارامترها در چاه‌ها و نیز بحرانی‌ترین منابع ازنظر پتانسیل آلودگی مشخص شدند. با اجرای روش امتیازدهی بوردا پارامترهای کربنات با امتیاز ۱۷۹/۵، فسفات با امتیاز ۱۳۵/۵ و نسبت جذب سدیم با امتیاز ۱۳۰/۵ مؤثرترین پارامترها بودند. با اجرای الگوریتم چانه‌زنی پارامترهای کربنات، کلر و سولفات مؤثرترین پارامترها بودند. نتیجه‌گیری: درنهایت، اولویت‌­بندی منابع آب با هر دو روش ارائه شد که در روش بوردا برای چاه سراب یاس، علی‌­آباد و بلیلوند در اولویت نخست قرار داشته است. تئوری بازی به‌عنوان راه‌حلی چندبعدی در زمینه‌های مختلف تصمیم‌گیری استفاده‌شده است و در نهایت، رویکردی مدیریتی و جامع را ارائه می‌دهد. 2 Background: A complex decision-making process that has to be done by examining several regional circumstances, giving priority to places for determining the possibility of using water resources with pollution potential. Therefore, managing water resources calls for the choice of the best decision-making technique for the growth and possible evaluation of areas vulnerable to future pollution. The current study looked at priority depending on pollution potential in the Khorramabad aquifer's groundwater resources. Materials and Methods: Landsat 8 OLI sensor imagery was used to create a land use map for this study.  Moreover, ArcGIS 10.3 and Envi 5.3 tools were used at several phases of creating the Khorramabad basin landuse map and validating the accuracy of the forecasted maps.  Various Khorramabad well parameters were gathered and computed; depending on their relevance in generating pollution potential, they were input into the Borda and bargaining algorithms. They were then scored according to the parameters investigated. Results: The two algorithms, Borda and bargaining, used inside game theory helped to find the most efficient parameters in the wells as well as the most important pollution possible sources. The most efficient parameters were those of carbonate with a score of 179.5, phosphate with a score of 135.5, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) with a score of 130.5, all of which were derived from the Borda scoring approach. The most successful parameters were carbonate, chloride, and sulfate by means of the bargaining algorithm. Conclusion: Finally, the prioritization of water resources was presented using both methods; in the Borda approach, the Sarab Yas, Aliabad, and Balilvand wells had top priority. Game theory has been applied as a multi-dimensional solution in numerous decision-making sectors and eventually delivers a complete and managerial approach. 158 178 2025/04/282025/05/32025/02/19 1403/12/1 2025/06/22025/06/72025/05/26 1404/3/5 مهسا حسنوند Mahsa Hasanvand کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران ایران علی حقی زاده Ali Haghizadeh استاد گروه مهندسی مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران ایران Haghizadeh.a@lu.ac.ir بهرام کمره ئی Bahram kamarehei استاد، مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط، گروه بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت و تغذیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران ایران لیلا قاسمی Leila Ghasemi دانشجوی دکترا (Ph.D)، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران ایران Game Theory Pollution Potential Khorramabad wells Parameter تئوری بازی پتانسیل آلودگی چاه‌های خرم‌آباد پارامتر Falah F, Daneshfar M, Ghorbaninejad S. Application of the Statistical Index Model in Groundwater Potential Mapping in the Khorramabad Plain. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development. 2017; 4(1): 89-98. (In Persian)##Tauqeer HM, Turan V, Iqbal M. Production of safer vegetables from heavy metals contaminated soils: the current situation, concerns associated with human health and novel management strategies. In Advances in bioremediation and phytoremediation for sustainable soil management: principles, monitoring and remediation (pp. 301-312). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2022a.##Ostad-Ali-Askari K, Shayannejad M, Ghorbanizadeh-Kharazi H. Artificial neural network for modeling nitrate pollution of groundwater in marginal area of Zayandeh-rood River, Isfahan, Iran. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2017; 21: 134-140.##Akram R, Turan V, Hammad HM, Ahmad S, Hussain S, Hasnain A, Nasim W. Fate of organic and inorganic pollutants in paddy soils. Environmental pollution of paddy soils. 2018; 197-214.##Tauqeer HM, Turan V, Farhad M, Iqbal M. Sustainable agriculture and plant production by virtue of biochar in the era of climate change. In Managing plant production under changing environment (pp. 21-42). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. 2022b.##Akhtar N, Syakir Ishak MI, Bhawani SA, Umar K. Various natural and anthropogenic factors responsible for water quality degradation: A review. Water. 2021; 13(19): 2660.##Panaskar DB, Wagh VM, Muley AA, Mukate SV, Pawar RS, Aamalawar ML. Evaluating groundwater suitability for the domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes in Nanded Tehsil, Maharashtra, India, using GIS and statistics. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2016; 9: 1-16.##Sarker B, Keya KN, Mahir FI, Nahiun KM, Shahida S Khan, RA. Surface and ground water pollution: Causes and effects of urbanization and industrialization in South Asia. Scientific Review. 2021; 7(3): 32-41.##Kumar A, Malyan SK, Kumar SS, Dutt D, Kumar V. An assessment of trace element contamination in groundwater aquifers of Saharanpur, Western Uttar Pradesh, India. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2019; 20, 101213.##Tilahun K. Merkel BJ. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia using DRASTIC. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2010; 59: 1485-1496.##Rogers P. A game theory approach to the problems of international river basins. Water resources research. 1969; 5(4): 749-760.##Abdoli G. Game theory and its applications (Static and dynamic games with complete information). Tehran: Jihad daneshgahi-Tehran university. 2011. (In Persian).##Liu Y, Hu Y, Hu Y, Gao Y, Liu Z. Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory. Journal of environmental sciences. 2021; 104: 40-52.##Yang B, Lai C, Chen X, Wu X, He Y. Surface water quality evaluation based on a game theory-based cloud model. Water. 2018; 10(4): 510.##Arshia A, Haghizadeh A, Tahmasebipour N, Zeinivand H. Prioritization of Sezar Subbasins in terms of flooding potentian using game theory. Iranian journal of Ecohydrology. 2018; 5(4): 1219-1231. (In Persian)##Tshamala AK, Musala MK, Kalenga GK, Wa Mumapanda HD. Assessment of surface water quality in Kakanda: detection of pollution from mining activities. 2021.##Santonastaso GF, Di Nardo A, Creaco E, Musmarra D, Greco R. Comparison of topological, empirical and optimization-based approaches for locating quality detection points in water distribution networks. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28: 33844-33853.##Bayat F, Didar TF, Hosseinidoust Z. Emerging investigator series: bacteriophages as nano engineering tools for quality monitoring and pathogen detection in water and wastewater. Environmental Science: Nano. 2021; 8(2): 367-389.##Zhang Y, Huo X, Luo Y. Prediction of groundwater pollution diffusion path based on multi-source data fusion. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2023; 10: 1116309.##Hashemi M, Peralta RC, Yost M. Balancing Results from AI-Based Geostatistics versus Fuzzy Inference by Game Theory Bargaining to Improve a Groundwater Monitoring Network. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction. 2024; 6(3): 1871-1893.‌##Moridi A.Game Theory in Water Quality Management. 2025. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.1007862##Beirnvand L, Afzali A. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination in Khorramabad plain. 15th National Conference on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction. Kerman. 2019. (In Persian)##Rezaei R, Maleli A, Safari M, Ghavami A. Evaluation of chemical contamination of ground water resource in the downstream areas of the buria site of Sanandaj city. Scientific journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 15: 89-98.##Bolstad P, Lillesand TM. Rapid maximum likelihood classification. Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing. 1991; 57(1): 67-74.##Madani K. Game theory and water resources. Journal of hydrology. 2010; 381(3-4): 225-238.##Suresh M, Sudhakar S, Tiwari KN, Chowdary VM. Prioritization of watersheds using morphometric parameters and assessment of surface water potential using remote sensing. Journal of the indian society of remote sensing. 2004; 32: 249-259.##Pacuit E. Voting methods. 2011.##Balinski M, Laraki R. A theory of measuring, electing, and ranking. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2007; 104(21): 8720-8725.##Brams SJ, Kilgour DM. Fallback bargaining. Group Decision and Negotiation. 2001; 10: 287-316.##Baharad E, Nitzan S. The Borda rule, Condorcet consistency and Condorcet stability. Economic Theory. 2003; 22(3): 685-688.##Pizzol L, Zabeo A, Critto A, Giubilato E, Marcomini A. Risk-based prioritization methodology for the classification of groundwater pollution sources. Science of the Total Environment. 2015; 506: 505-517.##Alvarado A, Esteller MV, Quentin E, Expósito JL. Multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS approach for prioritization of drinking water utilities protection based on their vulnerability to contamination. Water Resources Management. 2016; 30: 1549-1566.##Oikonomidis D, Dimogianni S, Kazakis N, Voudouris K. A GIS/remote sensing-based methodology for groundwater potentiality assessment in Tirnavos area, Greece. Journal of Hydrology. 2015; 525: 197-208.##Lima ML, Romanelli A, Massone HE. Decision support model for assessing aquifer pollution hazard and prioritizing groundwater resources management in the wet Pampa plain, Argentina. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2013; 185: 5125-5139.##Falah F, Daneshfar M, Ghorbaninejad S. Application of the Statistical Index Model in Groundwater Potential Mapping in the Khorramabad Plain. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development. 2017; 4(1): 89-98. (In Persian)##Tauqeer HM, Turan V, Iqbal M. Production of safer vegetables from heavy metals contaminated soils: the current situation, concerns associated with human health and novel management strategies. In Advances in bioremediation and phytoremediation for sustainable soil management: principles, monitoring and remediation (pp. 301-312). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2022a.##Ostad-Ali-Askari K, Shayannejad M, Ghorbanizadeh-Kharazi H. Artificial neural network for modeling nitrate pollution of groundwater in marginal area of Zayandeh-rood River, Isfahan, Iran. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2017; 21: 134-140.##Akram R, Turan V, Hammad HM, Ahmad S, Hussain S, Hasnain A, Nasim W. Fate of organic and inorganic pollutants in paddy soils. Environmental pollution of paddy soils. 2018; 197-214.##Tauqeer HM, Turan V, Farhad M, Iqbal M. Sustainable agriculture and plant production by virtue of biochar in the era of climate change. In Managing plant production under changing environment (pp. 21-42). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. 2022b.##Akhtar N, Syakir Ishak MI, Bhawani SA, Umar K. Various natural and anthropogenic factors responsible for water quality degradation: A review. Water. 2021; 13(19): 2660.##Panaskar DB, Wagh VM, Muley AA, Mukate SV, Pawar RS, Aamalawar ML. Evaluating groundwater suitability for the domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes in Nanded Tehsil, Maharashtra, India, using GIS and statistics. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2016; 9: 1-16.##Sarker B, Keya KN, Mahir FI, Nahiun KM, Shahida S Khan, RA. Surface and ground water pollution: Causes and effects of urbanization and industrialization in South Asia. Scientific Review. 2021; 7(3): 32-41.##Kumar A, Malyan SK, Kumar SS, Dutt D, Kumar V. An assessment of trace element contamination in groundwater aquifers of Saharanpur, Western Uttar Pradesh, India. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2019; 20, 101213.##Tilahun K. Merkel BJ. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia using DRASTIC. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2010; 59: 1485-1496.##Rogers P. A game theory approach to the problems of international river basins. Water resources research. 1969; 5(4): 749-760.##Abdoli G. Game theory and its applications (Static and dynamic games with complete information). Tehran: Jihad daneshgahi-Tehran university. 2011. (In Persian).##Liu Y, Hu Y, Hu Y, Gao Y, Liu Z. Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory. Journal of environmental sciences. 2021; 104: 40-52.##Yang B, Lai C, Chen X, Wu X, He Y. Surface water quality evaluation based on a game theory-based cloud model. Water. 2018; 10(4): 510.##Arshia A, Haghizadeh A, Tahmasebipour N, Zeinivand H. Prioritization of Sezar Subbasins in terms of flooding potentian using game theory. Iranian journal of Ecohydrology. 2018; 5(4): 1219-1231. (In Persian)##Tshamala AK, Musala MK, Kalenga GK, Wa Mumapanda HD. Assessment of surface water quality in Kakanda: detection of pollution from mining activities. 2021.##Santonastaso GF, Di Nardo A, Creaco E, Musmarra D, Greco R. Comparison of topological, empirical and optimization-based approaches for locating quality detection points in water distribution networks. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28: 33844-33853.##Bayat F, Didar TF, Hosseinidoust Z. Emerging investigator series: bacteriophages as nano engineering tools for quality monitoring and pathogen detection in water and wastewater. Environmental Science: Nano. 2021; 8(2): 367-389.##Zhang Y, Huo X, Luo Y. Prediction of groundwater pollution diffusion path based on multi-source data fusion. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2023; 10: 1116309.##Hashemi M, Peralta RC, Yost M. Balancing Results from AI-Based Geostatistics versus Fuzzy Inference by Game Theory Bargaining to Improve a Groundwater Monitoring Network. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction. 2024; 6(3): 1871-1893.‌##Moridi A.Game Theory in Water Quality Management. 2025. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.1007862##Beirnvand L, Afzali A. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination in Khorramabad plain. 15th National Conference on Irrigation and Evaporation Reduction. Kerman. 2019. (In Persian)##Rezaei R, Maleli A, Safari M, Ghavami A. Evaluation of chemical contamination of ground water resource in the downstream areas of the buria site of Sanandaj city. Scientific journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 15: 89-98.##Bolstad P, Lillesand TM. Rapid maximum likelihood classification. Photogrammetric engineering and remote sensing. 1991; 57(1): 67-74.##Madani K. Game theory and water resources. Journal of hydrology. 2010; 381(3-4): 225-238.##Suresh M, Sudhakar S, Tiwari KN, Chowdary VM. Prioritization of watersheds using morphometric parameters and assessment of surface water potential using remote sensing. Journal of the indian society of remote sensing. 2004; 32: 249-259.##Pacuit E. Voting methods. 2011.##Balinski M, Laraki R. A theory of measuring, electing, and ranking. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2007; 104(21): 8720-8725.##Brams SJ, Kilgour DM. Fallback bargaining. Group Decision and Negotiation. 2001; 10: 287-316.##Baharad E, Nitzan S. The Borda rule, Condorcet consistency and Condorcet stability. Economic Theory. 2003; 22(3): 685-688.##Pizzol L, Zabeo A, Critto A, Giubilato E, Marcomini A. Risk-based prioritization methodology for the classification of groundwater pollution sources. Science of the Total Environment. 2015; 506: 505-517.##Alvarado A, Esteller MV, Quentin E, Expósito JL. Multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS approach for prioritization of drinking water utilities protection based on their vulnerability to contamination. Water Resources Management. 2016; 30: 1549-1566.##Oikonomidis D, Dimogianni S, Kazakis N, Voudouris K. A GIS/remote sensing-based methodology for groundwater potentiality assessment in Tirnavos area, Greece. Journal of Hydrology. 2015; 525: 197-208.##Lima ML, Romanelli A, Massone HE. Decision support model for assessing aquifer pollution hazard and prioritizing groundwater resources management in the wet Pampa plain, Argentina. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2013; 185: 5125-5139. ##

بررسی وضعیت بهداشت فردی، ساختمان و ابزار کار محیط آرایشگاه‌های زنانه Review of the status of personal hygiene, building, and tools in women's beauty salons 1 1 زمینه و هدف: آرایشگاه یکی از مهم‌ترین اماکن عمومی بوده که توجه به موازین بهداشتی در آن اهمیت دارد چرا که عدم رعایت مسائل بهداشتی و انجام فعالیت‌های غیراصولی مانند تاتو و خالکوبی، یک تهدید بالقوه برای سلامتی افراد جامعه محسوب می‌شود. محل آرایشگاه را مکانی تعریف می‌کنند که در آن تنها اقداماتی در جهت زیبایی و آرایش انجام می‌شود و افراد شاغل در آن به هیچ عنوان حق دخالت در امور پزشکی را ندارند. در این پژوهش به وضعیت بهداشت محیط آرایشگاه‌های زنانه شهر دهلران از توابع استان ایلام پرداخته شده‌است. مواد و روش‌ها: مطالعه به صورت توصیفی_مقطعی به روش سرشماری از همه‌ آرایشگاه‌های زنانه شهر دهلران انجام شد. جمع‌آوری داده با استفاده از چک‌لیست بازرسی بهداشتی از آرایشگاه‌های زنانه، وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی با کد فرم ۱۴۲/۹۲۰۳۱۸ مرکز سلامت محیط و کار صورت گرفت. تکمیل چک‌لیست با همکاری کارشناس بهداشت محیط با روش مشاهده مستقیم صورت گرفت. پس از تکمیل چک‌لیست مربوطه، اطلاعات بدست آمده با استفاده از نرم افزار Excel مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که از ۷۲ آرایشگاه مورد بررسی، ۲۳/۶۱ درصد آرایشگاه‌ها از نظر وضعیت بهداشت ساختمان فاقد تهویه مناسب، ۳۱/۹۴ درصد فاقد جعبه کمک‌های اولیه بودند. از نظر بهداشت فردی ۳۳/۳۳ درصد آرایشگران فاقد کارت بهداشت، ۴۱/۶۷ درصد فاقد گواهینامه آموزش بهداشت عمومی و  ۳۸/۸۹ درصد فاقد لباس کار مناسب بودند. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه بیشترین مطابقت با آیین نامه مربوط به بخش وضعیت بهداشت ساختمان بود و نواقصی در بهداشت فردی آرایشگران و بهداشت ابزار و تجهیزات وجود داشت که با نظارت‌های بهداشتی بیشتر توسط بازرسان بهداشت محیط می‌تواند در بهبود وضعیت آرایشگاه موثر باشد. 2 Background: A hair salon is one of the most vital public spaces where attention to hygiene standards is essential. Neglecting hygiene issues and engaging in unprofessional activities, such as tattoos and body art, poses a potential threat to the health of community members. A salon is defined as a place where only beauty and grooming activities are performed, and the staff working there have no right to interfere in medical matters whatsoever. This study examines the hygiene conditions of women's beauty salons in Dehloran, located in Ilam Province. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted descriptively and cross-sectionally using a census method that included all women's hair salons in the city of Dehloran. Data collection utilized the women's beauty salon health inspection checklist from the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, with form code 920318/142 from the Center for Health, Environment, and Work. The checklist was completed in collaboration with an environmental health expert using direct observation methods. After finalizing the checklist, the collected data were analyzed with Excel software. Results: The findings indicated that of the 72 salons surveyed, 23.61% lacked proper ventilation for building hygiene, while 31.94% did not have first aid kits. Regarding personal hygiene, 33.33% of hairdressers were without health cards, 41.67% lacked certifications for public health training, and 38.89% did not have appropriate work uniforms. Conclusion: In this study, the highest compliance with regulations was observed in the building hygiene section, while deficiencies were noted in the personal hygiene of hairdressers as well as the hygiene of tools and equipment. Increasing health inspections by environmental health inspectors could effectively improve salon conditions. 179 188 2025/04/282025/05/32025/02/192025/05/19 1404/2/29 2025/06/22025/06/72025/05/262025/06/9 1404/3/19 انیس آقایی Anis Aghaei کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران معصومه میرزایی Masoumeh Mirzaei دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی، ایلام، ایران ایران محمد درویش متولی Mohammad Darvishmotevalli مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران سجاد مظلومی Sajad Mazloomi مرکز تحقیقات سلامت و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران sajad.mazloomi@yahoo.com Environmental health Women's hair salon Dehloran County Ilam بهداشت محیط آرایشگاه زنانه شهرستان دهلران ایلام Shakeri K, Sadeghi M, Deris F, Amani S, Teimouri F, Zebardast N. Evaluation of bacterial and fungal contamination in equipment used in ladies' and gentlemen's barbers in Shahrekord, 2009. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 2011; 13 (4): 102-110 [in Persian].##Sadeghi M, Charkazi A, Behnampour N, Zafarzadeh A, Garezgar S, Davoudinia S, Borgheie P. Evaluation of infection control and disinfection used in barbershops and beauty salons in Gorgan. Iran. J. Health and Environ 2015; 7 (4), 427-436 [in Persian].##Dargahi A, Amirian T. Health status of women's and men's hair salons in Sonqar city (2012-2013). Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 2013; 17 (7), 460-465 [in Persian].##Gholami M, Rajaee Z, Taghi Ghaneian M, Homayonibezi N, Madreseh E. Investigating Awareness, Attitude, and Performance of Barbers regarding Infection Control and Disinfection application among Women's Hairdressers in Abarkooh. J Tolooebehdasht. 2020;3(19):87-101 [in Persian].##Majid N, Reza SMSM, Reza SMSM. The study of Knowledge, attitude, and performance of male barbershops of Shiraz in relation to infection transmission. J Jahrom Univ Med Sci [Internet]. 2014;12(3):39-48 [in Persian].##Sadeghi M, Charkazi A, Zafarzadeh A, Borgheie P, Garezgar S, Davoudinia S. Assessing the adequacy of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the female hairdressers working in the Gorgan beauty salons towards infectious diseases. Community Heal J. 2017;10(3):36-44 [in Persian].##Jabbari MA, Hashemi SR, Mansouri S, Nouri K, Khamirchi R. Comparison of the hygienic status of men's and women's hairdresser shops in Sabzevar in 2008. Beyhagh. 2015;16(1):27-32 [in Persian].##Loloie M, Dehghan A, Afarin S, Ebrahimi S. A study on environmental health status of women hairdressers in Kerman, 2012. The 16th National Conference on Environmental Health of Iran. October 2013 [in Persian].##Rahimzadeh H, Mansourian M, Beyrami S, et al. Determining the health status of women's hair salons in the city of Gorgan and the awareness of female hairdressers about diseases related to the hairdressing profession in 2011. Rahavard Salamat Journal. Winter 2015; 2(1):63-72 [in Persian].##Mazloomi S, Haghigaht GA, Koulivand Z, Rahmani S, Nourmoradi H. Investigation on the Environmental Health Status of Primary and Middle Schools of Abdanan City (Ilam) in 2016. J Jiroft Univ Med Sci. 2017;4(1):153-63 [in Persian].##Zazouli M, Yousefi M, Zoubin N. Survey of the environmental health status of women's hairdressing salons in the Bahnemir district of Babolsar city in 2014. The 6th conference of graduate students and the second conference of students from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. March 2015 [in Persian].##Aghalari Z, AshrafianAmiri H, Mirzaei M, Jafarian S. Study of Environmental Health Status of Women's Hairdresser Shops in Babol in 2016. Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences. Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Summer 2019; 65(20): 41-49 [in Persian].##Moezzi M, Pourheydar B, Aelaei F. Investigating and comparing the environmental health status of women's and men's hair salons in Borujen. The 7th National Environmental Health Conference, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. September 2004 [in Persian].##Hazrati S, Sabery S, Peeridogaheh H, Alizadeh R, Sadeghi H. Study of barber equipment disinfection in Ardabil women barbershops, emphasizing Staphylococcus Aureus. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2012;12(1):25-32 [in Persian].##Bazrafshan E, Mohammadi Jorjafaki L, Sarhadi OC, Mirkazehi A. Review of the waste management status in the city of Zahedan. The sixth national conference and the first international conference on waste management. May 2012 [in Persian].##Zareban I, Neshat AA, Heidari A, Arefi OB. Review of the environmental health status of women's beauty salons along with determining the level of awareness and attitudes of their beauticians in the city of Zabol. The 11th National Environmental Health Conference of Iran, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. November 2008 [in Persian].##Shakeri K, Sadeghi M, Deris F, Amani S, Teimouri F, Zebardast N. Evaluation of bacterial and fungal contamination in equipment used in ladies' and gentlemen's barbers in Shahrekord, 2009. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 2011; 13 (4): 102-110 [in Persian].##Sadeghi M, Charkazi A, Behnampour N, Zafarzadeh A, Garezgar S, Davoudinia S, Borgheie P. Evaluation of infection control and disinfection used in barbershops and beauty salons in Gorgan. Iran. J. Health and Environ 2015; 7 (4), 427-436 [in Persian].##Dargahi A, Amirian T. Health status of women's and men's hair salons in Sonqar city (2012-2013). Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 2013; 17 (7), 460-465 [in Persian].##Gholami M, Rajaee Z, Taghi Ghaneian M, Homayonibezi N, Madreseh E. Investigating Awareness, Attitude, and Performance of Barbers regarding Infection Control and Disinfection application among Women's Hairdressers in Abarkooh. J Tolooebehdasht. 2020;3(19):87-101 [in Persian].##Majid N, Reza SMSM, Reza SMSM. The study of Knowledge, attitude, and performance of male barbershops of Shiraz in relation to infection transmission. J Jahrom Univ Med Sci [Internet]. 2014;12(3):39-48 [in Persian].##Sadeghi M, Charkazi A, Zafarzadeh A, Borgheie P, Garezgar S, Davoudinia S. Assessing the adequacy of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the female hairdressers working in the Gorgan beauty salons towards infectious diseases. Community Heal J. 2017;10(3):36-44 [in Persian].##Jabbari MA, Hashemi SR, Mansouri S, Nouri K, Khamirchi R. Comparison of the hygienic status of men's and women's hairdresser shops in Sabzevar in 2008. Beyhagh. 2015;16(1):27-32 [in Persian].##Loloie M, Dehghan A, Afarin S, Ebrahimi S. A study on environmental health status of women hairdressers in Kerman, 2012. The 16th National Conference on Environmental Health of Iran. October 2013 [in Persian].##Rahimzadeh H, Mansourian M, Beyrami S, et al. Determining the health status of women's hair salons in the city of Gorgan and the awareness of female hairdressers about diseases related to the hairdressing profession in 2011. Rahavard Salamat Journal. Winter 2015; 2(1):63-72 [in Persian].##Mazloomi S, Haghigaht GA, Koulivand Z, Rahmani S, Nourmoradi H. Investigation on the Environmental Health Status of Primary and Middle Schools of Abdanan City (Ilam) in 2016. J Jiroft Univ Med Sci. 2017;4(1):153-63 [in Persian].##Zazouli M, Yousefi M, Zoubin N. Survey of the environmental health status of women's hairdressing salons in the Bahnemir district of Babolsar city in 2014. The 6th conference of graduate students and the second conference of students from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. March 2015 [in Persian].##Aghalari Z, AshrafianAmiri H, Mirzaei M, Jafarian S. Study of Environmental Health Status of Women's Hairdresser Shops in Babol in 2016. Zanko Journal of Medical Sciences. Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Summer 2019; 65(20): 41-49 [in Persian].##Moezzi M, Pourheydar B, Aelaei F. Investigating and comparing the environmental health status of women's and men's hair salons in Borujen. The 7th National Environmental Health Conference, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. September 2004 [in Persian].##Hazrati S, Sabery S, Peeridogaheh H, Alizadeh R, Sadeghi H. Study of barber equipment disinfection in Ardabil women barbershops, emphasizing Staphylococcus Aureus. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2012;12(1):25-32 [in Persian].##Bazrafshan E, Mohammadi Jorjafaki L, Sarhadi OC, Mirkazehi A. Review of the waste management status in the city of Zahedan. The sixth national conference and the first international conference on waste management. May 2012 [in Persian].##Zareban I, Neshat AA, Heidari A, Arefi OB. Review of the environmental health status of women's beauty salons along with determining the level of awareness and attitudes of their beauticians in the city of Zabol. The 11th National Environmental Health Conference of Iran, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. November 2008 [in Persian]. ##

مطالعه میزان تصفیه پذیری آب خاکستری با استفاده از جذب سطحی با نانوذرات آهن Assessment of Greywater Treatment Efficiency Using of Surface Adsorption with Iron oxide nanoparticles 1 1 زمینه و هدف: در سال‌های اخیر، مدیریت و تصفیه آب خاکستری به یکی از چالش‌های مهم محیط‌زیستی تبدیل شده است. وجود آلاینده‌های غیرقابل تجزیه بیولوژیکی در آب خاکستری، روش‌های متداول تصفیه را ناتوان از دستیابی به استانداردهای زیست‌محیطی می‌کند. هدف این مطالعه، ارزیابی کارایی تلفیق فرآیندهای جذب سطحی با نانوذرات Fe₃O₄ و اکسیداسیون UV/H₂O₂ در حذف آلاینده‌های آب خاکستری است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، نمونه آب خاکستری ابتدا تحت فرآیند جذب سطحی با نانوذرات Fe₃O₄ در شرایط بهینه شامل ۵=pH، زمان تماس ۴۰ دقیقه و غلظت ۱/۲ گرم بر لیتر قرار گرفت. پس از آن، مرحله اکسیداسیون UV/H₂O₂ جهت افزایش راندمان حذف آلاینده‌های مقاوم اعمال شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان دادند که فرآیند جذب سطحی به تنهایی قادر به حذف ۵۷٪ COD، ۳۶٪  BOD، ۷/۵٪TKN و ۶۰٪ TP است. با اضافه کردن اکسیداسیون شیمیایی، راندمان حذف COD به بیش از ۹۰٪ افزایش یافت. تغییرات pH تنها تأثیر جزئی بر حذف فسفات و نیترات داشت، اما pH در محدوده  ۴ تا ۵، عملکرد بهتری در حذف COD مشاهده شد.  افزایش غلظت H₂O₂ تا ۷ میلی مولار راندمان اکسیداسیون را بهبود بخشید، اما مقادیر بالاتر اثر محسوسی نداشتند. نتیجه‌گیری: تلفیق فرآیندهای جذب سطحی و اکسیداسیون پیشرفته می‌تواند محدودیت‌های روش‌های مرسوم را در تصفیه آب خاکستری برطرف کند. این رویکرد نوآورانه با کارایی بالا و هزینه‌های عملیاتی مناسب، می‌تواند الگویی پایدار برای مدیریت آب خاکستری در شرایط شهری و صنعتی مطرح شود. 2 Background: In recent years, the management and treatment of greywater have become critical environmental challenges due to the presence of non-biodegradable pollutants that conventional wastewater treatment methods fail to fully remove. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of a hybrid approach combining adsorption using iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) and advanced chemical oxidation with UV/H₂O₂ for greywater treatment. Materials and Methods: Greywater samples were first treated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles under optimized conditions: pH=5, contact time of 40 minutes, and adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g/L. Subsequently, UV/H₂O₂ oxidation was applied to enhance removal efficiency. Results: Adsorption alone achieved removal efficiencies of 57% for COD, 36% for BOD, 7.5% for TKN, and 60% for TP. Following UV/H₂O₂ oxidation, COD removal increased to over 93%, reducing residual COD to 12.1 mg/L. The process showed optimal performance at lower pH levels 4 to 5, while H₂O₂ concentrations up to 7 mM improved oxidation efficiency without significant enhancement beyond this level. Conclusion: The integration of physical adsorption and advanced oxidation not only overcomes the limitations of conventional methods but also meets environmental discharge standards. With high efficiency and relatively low operational costs, this dual-stage method offers a sustainable solution for greywater management in urban and industrial settings. 189 203 2025/04/282025/05/32025/02/192025/05/192025/03/13 1403/12/23 2025/06/22025/06/72025/05/262025/06/92025/06/7 1404/3/17 سعید گواهی Saeid Govahi گروه مهندسی‌ آب، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی‌، شوشتر، ایران ایران احسان دریکوند Ehsan Derikvand گروه مهندسی‌ آب، مرکز تحقیقات علوم آب و محیط زیست واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی‌، شوشتر، ایران ایران Ehsan.Derikvand@iau.ac.ir صائب خوشنواز Saeb khoshnavaz استادیار، گروه مهندسی‌ آب، مرکز تحقیقات علوم آب و محیط‌ زیست‌، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی‌، شوشتر، ایران ایران محسن سلیمانی بابرصاد Mohsen Solimani Babarsad استادیار، گروه مهندسی‌ آب، مرکز تحقیقات علوم آب و محیط‌ زیست‌، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی‌، شوشتر، ایران ایران ایمان پارسه Iman Parseh گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده علوم پزشکی بهبهان ایران iparseh65@behums.ac.ir greywater hydrogen peroxide ultraviolet treatment oxidation SBR آب اکسیژنه اکسیداسیون بیولوژیکی تصفیه خاکستری فرابنفش Hlongwane GN, Sekoai PT, Meyyappan M, Moothi K. Simultaneous removal of pollutants from water using nanoparticles: a shift from single pollutant control to multiple pollutant control. Sci Total Environ . 2019;656:808-33.##Xu P, Zeng GM, Huang DL, Feng CL, Hu S, Zhao MH, et al. Use of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: a review. Sci Total Environ . 2012;424:1-10.##Gharloghi M, Yazdanbakhsh A, Eslami A, Aghayani E. Efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticles in advanced treatment of secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci . 2016;26(135):130-43.##Zhang J, Lin S, Han M, Su Q, Xia L, Hui Z. Adsorption properties of magnetic magnetite nanoparticle for coexistent Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in mixed solution. Water (Basel) . 2020;12(2):446.##Predescu AM, Matei E, Berbecaru AC, Pantilimon C, Drăgan C, Vidu R, et al. Synthesis and characterization of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. R Soc Open Sci . 2018;5(3):171525.##Shojaei S, Khammarnia S, Shojaei S, Sasani M. Removal of reactive Red 198 by nanoparticle zero valent iron in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. J Water Environ Nanotechnol . 2017;2(2):129-35.##Renu, Agarwal M, Singh K. Heavy metal removal from wastewater using various adsorbents: a review. J Water Reuse Desal . 2017;7(4):387-419.##Mohapatra M, Anand S. Synthesis and applications of nano-structured iron oxides/hydroxides - a review. Int J Eng Sci Technol . 2011;2(8):127-46.##Ali A, Zafar H, Zia M, ul Haq I, Phull AR, Ali JS, et al. Synthesis, characterization, applications, and challenges of iron oxide nanoparticles. Nanotechnol Sci Appl . 2016;9:49-67.##Zazouli MA, Belarak D, Karimnezhad F, Khosravi F. Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using of adsorption onto modified Lemna minor: adsorption isotherm and kinetics study. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci . 2014;23(109):195-204.##Lakshmanan R, Sanchez-Dominguez M, Matutes-Aquino JA, Wennmalm S, Kuttuva Rajarao G. Removal of total organic carbon from sewage wastewater using poly(ethylenimine)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Langmuir . 2014;30(4):1036-44.##Drenkova-Tuhtan A, Mandel K, Paulus A, Meyer C, Hutter F, Gellermann C, et al. Phosphate recovery from wastewater using engineered superparamagnetic particles modified with layered double hydroxide ion exchangers. Water Res . 2013;47(15):5670-7.##Consultants I. Code. In: Fire Flow Water Consumption in Sprinklered and Unsprinklered Buildings, An Assessment of Community Impacts. Philadelphia: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.##Lu AH, Salabas EL, Schüth F. Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application. Angew Chem Int Ed . 2007;46(8):1222-44.##Hatt BE, Fletcher TD, Deletic A. Treatment performance of gravel filter media: implications for design and application of stormwater infiltration systems. Water Res . 2007;41(12):2513-24.##Rahmani AR, Ghafari HR, Samadi MT, Zarabi M. Synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nzvi) and its efficiency in arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. Water Wastewater . 2011;1:35-41.##Hlongwane GN, Sekoai PT, Meyyappan M, Moothi K. Simultaneous removal of pollutants from water using nanoparticles: a shift from single pollutant control to multiple pollutant control. Sci Total Environ . 2019;656:808-33.##Xu P, Zeng GM, Huang DL, Feng CL, Hu S, Zhao MH, et al. Use of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: a review. Sci Total Environ . 2012;424:1-10.##Gharloghi M, Yazdanbakhsh A, Eslami A, Aghayani E. Efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticles in advanced treatment of secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci . 2016;26(135):130-43.##Zhang J, Lin S, Han M, Su Q, Xia L, Hui Z. Adsorption properties of magnetic magnetite nanoparticle for coexistent Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in mixed solution. Water (Basel) . 2020;12(2):446.##Predescu AM, Matei E, Berbecaru AC, Pantilimon C, Drăgan C, Vidu R, et al. Synthesis and characterization of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. R Soc Open Sci . 2018;5(3):171525.##Shojaei S, Khammarnia S, Shojaei S, Sasani M. Removal of reactive Red 198 by nanoparticle zero valent iron in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. J Water Environ Nanotechnol . 2017;2(2):129-35.##Renu, Agarwal M, Singh K. Heavy metal removal from wastewater using various adsorbents: a review. J Water Reuse Desal . 2017;7(4):387-419.##Mohapatra M, Anand S. Synthesis and applications of nano-structured iron oxides/hydroxides - a review. Int J Eng Sci Technol . 2011;2(8):127-46.##Ali A, Zafar H, Zia M, ul Haq I, Phull AR, Ali JS, et al. Synthesis, characterization, applications, and challenges of iron oxide nanoparticles. Nanotechnol Sci Appl . 2016;9:49-67.##Zazouli MA, Belarak D, Karimnezhad F, Khosravi F. Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using of adsorption onto modified Lemna minor: adsorption isotherm and kinetics study. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci . 2014;23(109):195-204.##Lakshmanan R, Sanchez-Dominguez M, Matutes-Aquino JA, Wennmalm S, Kuttuva Rajarao G. Removal of total organic carbon from sewage wastewater using poly(ethylenimine)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Langmuir . 2014;30(4):1036-44.##Drenkova-Tuhtan A, Mandel K, Paulus A, Meyer C, Hutter F, Gellermann C, et al. Phosphate recovery from wastewater using engineered superparamagnetic particles modified with layered double hydroxide ion exchangers. Water Res . 2013;47(15):5670-7.##Consultants I. Code. In: Fire Flow Water Consumption in Sprinklered and Unsprinklered Buildings, An Assessment of Community Impacts. Philadelphia: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.##Lu AH, Salabas EL, Schüth F. Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application. Angew Chem Int Ed . 2007;46(8):1222-44.##Hatt BE, Fletcher TD, Deletic A. Treatment performance of gravel filter media: implications for design and application of stormwater infiltration systems. Water Res . 2007;41(12):2513-24.##Rahmani AR, Ghafari HR, Samadi MT, Zarabi M. Synthesis of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nzvi) and its efficiency in arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. Water Wastewater . 2011;1:35-41. ##

بررسی وضعیت بهداشت محیط مساجد شهر ایوان در سال 1402 Review of the environmental health status of mosques in the city of Eyvan in 2023 1 1 زمینه و هدف: مساجد جزء اماکن عمومی هستند. همانند سایر اماکن مشابه به دلیل مراجعه گروه‌های مختلف مردم رعایت موازین بهداشتی در آن‌ها ضروری است. عدم رعایت بهداشت، مساجد را به کانونی برای انتشار عوامل بیماری‌زا تبدیل می‌کند و سلامت عموم مردم را به خطر می‌اندازد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی وضعیت بهداشت محیط مساجد شهر ایوان در سال ۱۴۰۲ بود. مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه یک بررسی توصیفی- مقطعی بود. جامعه‌آماری این مطالعه، کلیه مساجد شهر ایوان به تعداد ۱۰ باب می‌باشند، که به ‌صورت سرشماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در این مطالعه از چک‌لیست استاندارد طراحی شده بازرسی مساجد مورد تایید وزارت بهداشت ، درمان و آموزش پزشکی استفاده شد و اطلاعات لازم جمع‌‌آوری‌ شد. جهت‌ تکمیل‌ چک‌لیست‌ مذکور، از طریق بررسی پرونده‌های بهداشتی مساجد در مراکز بهداشت استفاده گردید. در نهایت‌ برای‌ تجزیه‌ و تحلیل‌ داده‌ها از نرم افزار Excel استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که مساجد شهر ایوان از نظر رعایت بهداشت فردی، ابزار و تجهیزات و ساختمان به ترتیب ۳۰، ۸۰ و ۸۰ درصد مطابق با آیین‌نامه می‌باشند. بطور کلی ۶۰ درصد پارامترهای مساجد مورد بررسی با چک‌لیست تطابق داشتند و دارای امتیاز بالای ۷۵ بودند. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، افزایش بازدید کارشناسان بهداشت محیط، آموزش خادمین مساجد و نمازگزاران، استفاده از ظرفیت خیرین جهت تهیه برخی اقلام بهداشتی و یا اصلاح ساختمان مساجد، می‌تواند در بهبود وضعیت بهداشتی مساجد بسیار موثر باشد. 2 Background: Mosques are public places. Like other similar places, it is essential to observe hygiene standards there due to the visits of various groups of people. Failure to observe hygiene standards turns mosques into a breeding ground for the spread of pathogens and endangers the health of the general public. The purpose of this research was to investigate the environmental health status of mosques in the city of Eyvan in 2023. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study was all 10 mosques in the city of Eyvan, which were surveyed as a census. In this study, a standard checklist designed for mosque inspection approved by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education was used, and the necessary information was collected. In order to complete the aforementioned checklist, the health records of mosques in health centers were reviewed. Finally, Excel software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the mosques in Eyvan city were 30, 80, and 80 percent compliant with the regulations in terms of personal hygiene, tools and equipment hygiene, and building hygiene, respectively. Overall, 60% of the parameters of the mosques under review matched the checklist and scored above 75. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, increasing the supervision of environmental health experts, training mosque attendants and worshipers, and using the capacity of donors to provide some hygiene items or improve mosque buildings can be very effective in improving the health status of mosques. 204 214 2025/04/282025/05/32025/02/192025/05/192025/03/132025/05/20 1404/2/30 2025/06/22025/06/72025/05/262025/06/92025/06/72025/06/9 1404/3/19 انیس آقایی Anis Aghaei کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران آراسته رستمی Arasteh Rostami کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران محمد درویش‌متولی Mohammad Darvishmotevalli مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت، ایمنی و محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی البرز، کرج، ایران ایران سجاد مظلومی Sajad Mazloomi مرکز تحقیقات سلامت و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران ایران sajad.mazloomi@yahoo.com Environmental health public places mosques بهداشت محیط اماکن عمومی مساجد Meymani S, Hosseini A, Sheikhoveisi A, Esfahani M, editors. Investigation of Envirnomental Health Status of Mosques in Zahedan City in 2007 (Poster). Proceeding of the 11th National Congress of Environmental Health, Zahedan. 2008 [in Persian].##Salimi J, Davoudi M, Ansari S, Baghayi E, Khaksar B. Investigation of the environmental health status of mosques in Tabas in 2015. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. 2016;4(2):32-8 [in Persian].##Najafi M, Mohammadikhah Z, Mahmudian M. Investigation of Environmental Health Status of Mosques in Qom City in 2008-2009. 13th National Congress of Environmental Health .2010 [in Persian].##Aghalari Z, Ashrafian Amiri H, Mirzaei M, Lelahi D, Jafarian S. Environmental health status of mosques in Babol. Islam And Health Journal. 2019;4(1):39-45 [in Persian].##Zazouli M, Yousefi M, Alipour N. Investigation of the environmental health status of mosques and holy places in Amol City, Iran in 2014. islam and health journal. 2015;2(1):7-12 [in Persian].##Majiri A, Lamsechi F. Investigating the cultural functions of the mosque institution at the beginning of Islam. studies and research office of the center for mosque affairs. 2022 [in Persian].##Yousefi Z, Ala A. Health status of mosques and places of worship and the related factors in Sari, 2016. Journal of Religion and Health. 2018;6(1):46-53 [in Persian].##Azadian F, Hashemi H, Karimi M, Riasati A, Ejraei A, Razavi S, Ahangaran S. Providing a Model for Managing the Environmental Health of Mosques. iranian journal of culture and health promotion. 2021;5(1):66-71 [in Persian].##Saeifar A, Darvish A. A survey on the effects of educational and surveillance programs on the hygienic status of Mosques studies in medical science (the journal of Urmia University of medical sciences) 2007(1):386-90 [in Persian].##Mianehsaz E, Zamani-Badi H, Tabatabaeei S, Azadchehr M, Mottaghi R, Saharkhan L. Study of health status of mosques and prayer rooms covered by Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. KAUMS Journal (FEYZ). 2020;23(7):824-31 [in Persian].##Safari G, Yaghoobi Roodposhti F, Asl Hashemi A, Emam Jomeh H. Investigation of health environmental status of mosques of Ahar in 2018. Journal of Environmental Science Studies. 2022;7(1):4488-93 [in Persian].##Hashemi S, Darini F, Khamerchi R, Akbari A. Investigation of the environmental health status of mosques of Sabzevar city in 2016. Bayhaq 2015;12(2):14-22 [in Persian].##Loloii M, Dehghan A, Nourbakhsh F. Investigation of Envirnomental Health Status of Mosques in Ravar Town in 2012 (Poster). Proceeding of the 16th National Congress of Environmental Health, Tabriz. 2013 [in Persian].##Farsad M, Ehrampoush M, Zare M, Alvansaz A. Investigation of Health Status of Mosques and Holy Places in Yazd City. 4th National Congress of Environmental Health. 2001 [in Persian].##Meymani S, Hosseini A, Sheikhoveisi A, Esfahani M, editors. Investigation of Envirnomental Health Status of Mosques in Zahedan City in 2007 (Poster). Proceeding of the 11th National Congress of Environmental Health, Zahedan. 2008 [in Persian].##Salimi J, Davoudi M, Ansari S, Baghayi E, Khaksar B. Investigation of the environmental health status of mosques in Tabas in 2015. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. 2016;4(2):32-8 [in Persian].##Najafi M, Mohammadikhah Z, Mahmudian M. Investigation of Environmental Health Status of Mosques in Qom City in 2008-2009. 13th National Congress of Environmental Health .2010 [in Persian].##Aghalari Z, Ashrafian Amiri H, Mirzaei M, Lelahi D, Jafarian S. Environmental health status of mosques in Babol. Islam And Health Journal. 2019;4(1):39-45 [in Persian].##Zazouli M, Yousefi M, Alipour N. Investigation of the environmental health status of mosques and holy places in Amol City, Iran in 2014. islam and health journal. 2015;2(1):7-12 [in Persian].##Majiri A, Lamsechi F. Investigating the cultural functions of the mosque institution at the beginning of Islam. studies and research office of the center for mosque affairs. 2022 [in Persian].##Yousefi Z, Ala A. Health status of mosques and places of worship and the related factors in Sari, 2016. Journal of Religion and Health. 2018;6(1):46-53 [in Persian].##Azadian F, Hashemi H, Karimi M, Riasati A, Ejraei A, Razavi S, Ahangaran S. Providing a Model for Managing the Environmental Health of Mosques. iranian journal of culture and health promotion. 2021;5(1):66-71 [in Persian].##Saeifar A, Darvish A. A survey on the effects of educational and surveillance programs on the hygienic status of Mosques studies in medical science (the journal of Urmia University of medical sciences) 2007(1):386-90 [in Persian].##Mianehsaz E, Zamani-Badi H, Tabatabaeei S, Azadchehr M, Mottaghi R, Saharkhan L. Study of health status of mosques and prayer rooms covered by Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. KAUMS Journal (FEYZ). 2020;23(7):824-31 [in Persian].##Safari G, Yaghoobi Roodposhti F, Asl Hashemi A, Emam Jomeh H. Investigation of health environmental status of mosques of Ahar in 2018. Journal of Environmental Science Studies. 2022;7(1):4488-93 [in Persian].##Hashemi S, Darini F, Khamerchi R, Akbari A. Investigation of the environmental health status of mosques of Sabzevar city in 2016. Bayhaq 2015;12(2):14-22 [in Persian].##Loloii M, Dehghan A, Nourbakhsh F. Investigation of Envirnomental Health Status of Mosques in Ravar Town in 2012 (Poster). Proceeding of the 16th National Congress of Environmental Health, Tabriz. 2013 [in Persian].##Farsad M, Ehrampoush M, Zare M, Alvansaz A. Investigation of Health Status of Mosques and Holy Places in Yazd City. 4th National Congress of Environmental Health. 2001 [in Persian]. ##

ارزیابی آلودگی عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک مزارع کشاورزی شمال شرق اهواز در منطقه ویس Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Soils in Agricultural Farms Northeast of Ahvaz in the Veys Region 1 1 زمینه و هدف: منطقه ویس در استان خوزستان یکی از مناطق مهم کشاورزی در شمال شرق اهواز می باشد که محصولات مختلف سبزیجات، صیفی­‌جات و غلات در مزارع آن کشت می­‌گردد. پژوهش حاضر در پاییز سال ۱۴۰۳ با هدف ارزیابی وضعیت عناصر بالقوه سمی در خاک مزارع کشاورزی شهر ویس انجام شد. مواد و روش­ها: در این تحقیق ۸۰ نمونه از خاک‌­های سطحی مزارع کشاورزی منطقه ویس در شمال شرق اهواز نمونه‌­برداری شد. برای سنجش فلزات از دستگاه جذب اتمی ـ پلاسما ICP-AES مدل Varian 710-ES ساخت شرکت اجیلنت آمریکا استفاده شد. یافته­ها: میانگین فاکتور آلودگی، درجه آلودگی، درجه آلودگی اصلاح شده و شاخص بار آلودگی عناصر باقوه سمی در خاک‌­های سطحی مزارع کشاورزی شهر ویس شمال شرق کلانشهر اهواز ۱/۴۶، ۱۴/۴۱، ۲/۴۰ و ۱/۲۳ بود. همچنین شاخص آلودگی نمرو و شاخص خطر زیستی عناصر باقوه سمی ۵/۱۹ و ۲۶۰/۰۵ محاسبه شدند. بالاترین شاخص خطر سرطان­زایی عناصر باقوه سمی خاک های سطحی مربوط به فلز کروم برای کودکان (۱-۱۰×۱/۵۲) و بزرگسالان (۲-۱۰×۴/۷۹) به دست آمد. پایین­‌ترین شاخص خطرسرطان زایی برای بزرگسالان مربوط به فلز کادمیوم (۳-۱۰×۹/۲۰) و برای کودکان مربوط به فلز آرسنیک (۲-۱۰×۹) بود. نتیجه­گیری: مقادیر شاخص های فاکتور آلودگی، زمین انباشتگی و خطر بوم شناسی نشان داد که خاک مناطق مورد مطالعه به عناصر بالقوه سمی آلودگی دارند. ارزیابی شاخص خطر غیرسرطان­زایی و شاخص خطر سرطان­زایی  عناصر بالقوه سمی خاک‌­های سطحی مزارع کشاورزی شهر ویس شمال شرق نشان داد که عناصر کادمیوم، سرب، آرسنیک، مس، روی و کروم برای سلامتی انسان مشکلی ایجاد نمی کنند. 2 Background: The Veys region in Khuzestan Province is one of the important agricultural regions in the northeast of Ahvaz, where various vegetables, herbs, and grains are grown in its fields. The present study was conducted in the autumn of 2024 with the aim of evaluating the status of potentially toxic elements in the soil of agricultural fields in the city of Veys. Materials and Methods: In this study, 80 samples were taken from the surface soils of agricultural fields in the Veys region in the northeast of Ahvaz. A Varian 710-ES ICP-AES atomic absorption-plasma device manufactured by Agilent, USA, was used to measure metals. Results: The average Cf, Cdeg, mCd and PLI of toxic elements in the surface soils of agricultural fields in the city of Veys, northeast of the Ahvaz metropolis were 1.46, 14.41, 2.40 and 1.23. Also, the NIPI and the Er index of toxic elements were calculated to be 5.19 and 260.05. The highest carcinogenic risk index of toxic elements in the surface soils was obtained for chromium metal for children (1.52×10-1) and adults (4.79×10-2). The lowest carcinogenic risk index for adults was for cadmium metal (9.20×10-3) and for children it was for arsenic metal (9×10-2). Conclusion: The values ​​of Cf, Igeo and Er showed that the soils of the studied areas are contaminated with potentially toxic elements. Evaluation of the non-carcinogenic risk index and carcinogenic risk index of potentially toxic elements of surface soils of agricultural fields in the northeastern city of Weiss showed that the elements Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Zn and Cr do not pose a problem for human health. 215 232 2025/04/282025/05/32025/02/192025/05/192025/03/132025/05/202025/04/8 1404/1/19 2025/06/22025/06/72025/05/262025/06/92025/06/72025/06/92025/05/21 1404/2/31 خوشناز پاینده khoshnaz Payandeh گروه خاک شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران Khpayandeh@iau.ac.ir مهدی فروزانفر Mehdi Forouzanfar گروه مهندسی برق، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران آنا پینارلی Ana Pinarelli گروه مهندسی مکانیک، انرژی و مدیریت، دانشگاه کالابریا، کوزانزا، ایتالیا ایتالیا احد نظرپور Ahad Nazarpour گروه زمین شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران محمد ولایت زاده Mohammad Velayatzadeh باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران وحید میراهی Vahid Mirahi گروه مهندسی برق، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران ایران Pollution of agricultural fields potentially toxic elements human health risk ecological hazard آلودگی مزارع کشاورزی عناصر بالقوه سمی ریسک سلامت انسان مخاطره بوم شناسی Velayatzadeh M, Payandeh K. Effect of household water treatment on the concentration of heavy metals of drinking water in Ahvaz city. Iranian South Medical Journal. 2020;22(6):402-414. [In persian].##Ajloon FH, Dong X, Ayejoto DA, Ayeni EA, Sabo MY. Seasonal assessment of water quality and water quality index (WQI) variations, in Jiangsu Kunshan Tianfu National Wetland Park, China. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2024;104(17):5444-5463.##Edogbo B, Okolocha E, Maikai B, Aluwong T, Uchendu C. Risk analysis of heavy metal contamination in soil, vegetables and fish around Challawa area in Kano State, Nigeria. Scientific African. 2020;7: e00281.##Orosun MM, Nwabachili S, Alshehri RF, Omeje M, Alshdoukhi IF, Okoro HK, Ogunkunle CO, Louis H, Abdulhamid FA, Osahon SE, Mohammed AU. Potentially toxic metals in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables and their health risks using Monte Carlo models. Scientific reports. 2023;13(1):21220.##Okoro HK, Orosun MM, Oriade FA, Momoh-Salami TM, Ogunkunle CO, Adeniyi AG, Zvinowanda C, Ngila JC. Potentially toxic elements in pharmaceutical industrial effluents: a review on risk assessment, treatment, and management for human health. Sustainability. 2023;15(8):6974.##Egbe ER, Nsonwu-Anyanwu AC, Offor SJ, Opara Usoro CA, Etukudo MH. Heavy metal content of the soil in the vicinity of the united cement factory in Southern Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research. 2019;7(2):122-30.##Ericson B, Otieno VO, Nganga C, St. Fort J, Taylor MP. Assessment of the presence of soil lead contamination near a former lead smelter in Mombasa, Kenya. Journal of Health and Pollution. 2019;9(21):190307.##Santos-Frances F, Martínez-Grana A, Avila Zarza C, Garcia Sanchez A, Alonso Rojo P. Spatial distribution of heavy metals and the environmental quality of soil in the Northern Plateau of Spain by geostatistical methods. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2017;14(6):568.##Abu Khatita AM. Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in street dust from Mahd Ad Dhahab gold mine, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Taibah University for Science. 2024;18(1):2281067.##Ke W, Li C, Zhu F, Luo X, Feng J, Li X, Jiang Y, Wu C, Hartley W, Xue S. Effect of potentially toxic elements on soil multifunctionality at a lead smelting site. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2023; 454:131525.##Mansouri Moghadam S, Payandeh K, Koushafar A, Goosheh M, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M. Level of heavy metals and environmental pollution index in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):14754.##Jia Z, Li S, Wang L. Assessment of soil heavy metals for eco-environment and human health in a rapidly urbanization area of the upper Yangtze Basin. Scientific reports. 2018;8(1):3256.##Agbasi JC, Egbueri JC. Assessment of PTEs in water resources by integrating HHRISK code, water quality indices, multivariate statistics, and ANNs. Geocarto international. 2022 Dec 13;37(25):10407-33.##Huang Y, Wang L, Wang W, Li T, He Z, Yang X. Current status of agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals in China: A meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment. 2019; 651:3034-3042.##Mousavi Mourd Ghafari SM, Payandeh K, Goosheh M. Evaluation of cancer risk index of cadmium, lead and nickel heavy metals in agricultural lands of some cities of Khuzestan province. Archives of Hygiene Sciences. 2023; 12(4):161-168.##Pour Abbasi H, Payanadeh K, Tadayouni M. Evaluation of some heavy metals and possible health and ecological risk indicators of surface soils of the west of the country: A case study. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2024; 10(1):31-47. [In Persian].##Boroujerdnia A, Mohammadi Roozbahani M, Nazarpour A, Ghanavati N, Payandeh K. Heavy metal pollution in surface soils of Ahvaz, Iran, using pollution indicators and health risk assessment. Archives of Hygiene Sciences. 2020; 9(4): 299-310.##Payandeh K. Ecological and Human Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Surface Soils in Shushtar and Dezful, Iran. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research. 2023;11(1):28-39.##Mansouri Moghadam S, Payandeh K, Koushafar A, Goosheh M, Rouzbahani MM. Human health risk assessment and carcinogenicity due to exposure to potentially toxic elements on soil pollution in Southwest Iran. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2024; 25:101492.##Gupta N, Yadav KK, Kumar V, Prasad S, Cabral-Pinto MM, Jeon BH, Kumar S, Abdellattif MH, Alsukaibia AK. Investigation of heavy metal accumulation in vegetables and health risk to humans from their consumption. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2022; 10:791052.##Guven D, Akinci G. Comparison of acid digestion techniques to determine heavy metals in sediment and soil samples. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2011;24(1):29-34.##Lo Feudo G, Naccarato A, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Investigating the origin of tomatoes and triple concentrated tomato pastes through multielement determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and statistical analysis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2010; 58(6): 3801-3807.##Senila M. Recent advances in the determination of major and trace elements in plants using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Molecules. 2024;29(13):3169.##Turekian KK, Wedepohl KH. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust. Geological society of America bulletin. 1961;72(2):175-192.##Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water research. 1980;14(8):975-1001.##Abrahim, G., 2005. Holocene sediments of Tamaki Estuary: characterisation and impact of recent human activity on an urban estuary in Auckland. New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,361 p.##Sistani N, Moeinaddini M, Khorasani N, Hamidian AH, Ali-Taleshi MS, Yancheshmeh RA. Heavy metal pollution in soils nearby Kerman steel industry: metal richness and degree of contamination assessment. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2017; 10 (1) :75-86. [In Persian].##Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geo Journal. 1979; 2:108-18.##Kowalska JB, Mazurek R, Gąsiorek M, Zaleski T. Pollution indices as useful tools for the comprehensive evaluation of the degree of soil contamination-A review. Environmental geochemistry and health. 2018; 40:2395-420.##Ashraf MA, Maah MJ, Yusoff I. Soil contamination, risk assessment and remediation. Environmental risk assessment of soil contamination. 2014; 1:3-56.##Ihedioha JN, Ukoha PO, Ekere NR. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil of a municipal solid waste dump in Uyo, Nigeria. Environmental geochemistry and health. 2017; 39:497-515.##Abbasi N, Mohammadi Galangash M. Investigation of heavy metal concentrations in agricultural topsoil of Miandoab landfill area. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2024;17(2):343-358. [In Persian].##Fisher DJ, Burton DT. Comparison of two US environmental protection agency species sensitivity distribution methods for calculating ecological risk criteria. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 2003;9(3):675-90.##Hamzenejhad R, Khodaveriloo H. Quantitative assessment of soil heavy metals pollution. Applied Soil Research. 2020; 8(2):37-52. [In Persian].##Qingjie G, Jun D, Yunchuan X, Qingfei W, Liqiang Y. Calculating pollution indices by heavy metals in ecological geochemistry assessment and a case study in parks of Beijing. Journal of China university of geosciences. 2008;19(3):230-41.##Hojati S. Pollution assessment and source apportionment of arsenic, lead and copper in selected soils of Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2017; 10:1-3.##Sahraei N, Landi A, Hojati S, Pasolli E. Assessment of pollution in the central soils of Khuzestan province with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their origins. Water and Soil. 2023;37(3):457-471. [In Persian].##Rashed MN. Monitoring of contaminated toxic and heavy metals, from mine tailings through age accumulation, in soil and some wild plants at Southeast Egypt. Journal of hazardous materials. 2010;178(1-3):739-746.##Aghapour Sabaghi M, Masihi S. Economic Valuation of Karu Rivers Water from the View Point of Wheat Farmers in Molasani District. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 2014; 28 (1): 107-117. [In Persian].##Ghadiri H. Salinization of Karun River in Iran by shallow groundwater and seawater encroachment. Advances in Hydro-Science and Engineering. 2016; 4:1-9.##Karamouz M, Mahjouri N, Kerachian R. River water quality zoning: a case study of Karoon and Dez River system. Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2004; 1 (2): 16-27.##Naddafi K, Honari H, Ahmadi M. Water quality trend analysis for the Karoon River in Iran. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2007; 134:305-12.##Velayatzadeh M, Payandeh K. Effect of household water treatment on the concentration of heavy metals of drinking water in Ahvaz city. Iranian South Medical Journal. 2020;22(6):402-414. [In persian].##Ajloon FH, Dong X, Ayejoto DA, Ayeni EA, Sabo MY. Seasonal assessment of water quality and water quality index (WQI) variations, in Jiangsu Kunshan Tianfu National Wetland Park, China. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2024;104(17):5444-5463.##Edogbo B, Okolocha E, Maikai B, Aluwong T, Uchendu C. Risk analysis of heavy metal contamination in soil, vegetables and fish around Challawa area in Kano State, Nigeria. Scientific African. 2020;7: e00281.##Orosun MM, Nwabachili S, Alshehri RF, Omeje M, Alshdoukhi IF, Okoro HK, Ogunkunle CO, Louis H, Abdulhamid FA, Osahon SE, Mohammed AU. Potentially toxic metals in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables and their health risks using Monte Carlo models. Scientific reports. 2023;13(1):21220.##Okoro HK, Orosun MM, Oriade FA, Momoh-Salami TM, Ogunkunle CO, Adeniyi AG, Zvinowanda C, Ngila JC. Potentially toxic elements in pharmaceutical industrial effluents: a review on risk assessment, treatment, and management for human health. Sustainability. 2023;15(8):6974.##Egbe ER, Nsonwu-Anyanwu AC, Offor SJ, Opara Usoro CA, Etukudo MH. Heavy metal content of the soil in the vicinity of the united cement factory in Southern Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research. 2019;7(2):122-30.##Ericson B, Otieno VO, Nganga C, St. Fort J, Taylor MP. Assessment of the presence of soil lead contamination near a former lead smelter in Mombasa, Kenya. Journal of Health and Pollution. 2019;9(21):190307.##Santos-Frances F, Martínez-Grana A, Avila Zarza C, Garcia Sanchez A, Alonso Rojo P. Spatial distribution of heavy metals and the environmental quality of soil in the Northern Plateau of Spain by geostatistical methods. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2017;14(6):568.##Abu Khatita AM. Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in street dust from Mahd Ad Dhahab gold mine, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Taibah University for Science. 2024;18(1):2281067.##Ke W, Li C, Zhu F, Luo X, Feng J, Li X, Jiang Y, Wu C, Hartley W, Xue S. Effect of potentially toxic elements on soil multifunctionality at a lead smelting site. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2023; 454:131525.##Mansouri Moghadam S, Payandeh K, Koushafar A, Goosheh M, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M. Level of heavy metals and environmental pollution index in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):14754.##Jia Z, Li S, Wang L. Assessment of soil heavy metals for eco-environment and human health in a rapidly urbanization area of the upper Yangtze Basin. Scientific reports. 2018;8(1):3256.##Agbasi JC, Egbueri JC. Assessment of PTEs in water resources by integrating HHRISK code, water quality indices, multivariate statistics, and ANNs. Geocarto international. 2022 Dec 13;37(25):10407-33.##Huang Y, Wang L, Wang W, Li T, He Z, Yang X. Current status of agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals in China: A meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment. 2019; 651:3034-3042.##Mousavi Mourd Ghafari SM, Payandeh K, Goosheh M. Evaluation of cancer risk index of cadmium, lead and nickel heavy metals in agricultural lands of some cities of Khuzestan province. Archives of Hygiene Sciences. 2023; 12(4):161-168.##Pour Abbasi H, Payanadeh K, Tadayouni M. Evaluation of some heavy metals and possible health and ecological risk indicators of surface soils of the west of the country: A case study. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2024; 10(1):31-47. [In Persian].##Boroujerdnia A, Mohammadi Roozbahani M, Nazarpour A, Ghanavati N, Payandeh K. Heavy metal pollution in surface soils of Ahvaz, Iran, using pollution indicators and health risk assessment. Archives of Hygiene Sciences. 2020; 9(4): 299-310.##Payandeh K. Ecological and Human Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Surface Soils in Shushtar and Dezful, Iran. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research. 2023;11(1):28-39.##Mansouri Moghadam S, Payandeh K, Koushafar A, Goosheh M, Rouzbahani MM. Human health risk assessment and carcinogenicity due to exposure to potentially toxic elements on soil pollution in Southwest Iran. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2024; 25:101492.##Gupta N, Yadav KK, Kumar V, Prasad S, Cabral-Pinto MM, Jeon BH, Kumar S, Abdellattif MH, Alsukaibia AK. Investigation of heavy metal accumulation in vegetables and health risk to humans from their consumption. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2022; 10:791052.##Guven D, Akinci G. Comparison of acid digestion techniques to determine heavy metals in sediment and soil samples. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2011;24(1):29-34.##Lo Feudo G, Naccarato A, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Investigating the origin of tomatoes and triple concentrated tomato pastes through multielement determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and statistical analysis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2010; 58(6): 3801-3807.##Senila M. Recent advances in the determination of major and trace elements in plants using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Molecules. 2024;29(13):3169.##Turekian KK, Wedepohl KH. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust. Geological society of America bulletin. 1961;72(2):175-192.##Hakanson L. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water research. 1980;14(8):975-1001.##Abrahim, G., 2005. Holocene sediments of Tamaki Estuary: characterisation and impact of recent human activity on an urban estuary in Auckland. New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,361 p.##Sistani N, Moeinaddini M, Khorasani N, Hamidian AH, Ali-Taleshi MS, Yancheshmeh RA. Heavy metal pollution in soils nearby Kerman steel industry: metal richness and degree of contamination assessment. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2017; 10 (1) :75-86. [In Persian].##Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geo Journal. 1979; 2:108-18.##Kowalska JB, Mazurek R, Gąsiorek M, Zaleski T. Pollution indices as useful tools for the comprehensive evaluation of the degree of soil contamination-A review. Environmental geochemistry and health. 2018; 40:2395-420.##Ashraf MA, Maah MJ, Yusoff I. Soil contamination, risk assessment and remediation. Environmental risk assessment of soil contamination. 2014; 1:3-56.##Ihedioha JN, Ukoha PO, Ekere NR. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil of a municipal solid waste dump in Uyo, Nigeria. Environmental geochemistry and health. 2017; 39:497-515.##Abbasi N, Mohammadi Galangash M. Investigation of heavy metal concentrations in agricultural topsoil of Miandoab landfill area. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2024;17(2):343-358. [In Persian].##Fisher DJ, Burton DT. Comparison of two US environmental protection agency species sensitivity distribution methods for calculating ecological risk criteria. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 2003;9(3):675-90.##Hamzenejhad R, Khodaveriloo H. Quantitative assessment of soil heavy metals pollution. Applied Soil Research. 2020; 8(2):37-52. [In Persian].##Qingjie G, Jun D, Yunchuan X, Qingfei W, Liqiang Y. Calculating pollution indices by heavy metals in ecological geochemistry assessment and a case study in parks of Beijing. Journal of China university of geosciences. 2008;19(3):230-41.##Hojati S. Pollution assessment and source apportionment of arsenic, lead and copper in selected soils of Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2017; 10:1-3.##Sahraei N, Landi A, Hojati S, Pasolli E. Assessment of pollution in the central soils of Khuzestan province with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their origins. Water and Soil. 2023;37(3):457-471. [In Persian].##Rashed MN. Monitoring of contaminated toxic and heavy metals, from mine tailings through age accumulation, in soil and some wild plants at Southeast Egypt. Journal of hazardous materials. 2010;178(1-3):739-746.##Aghapour Sabaghi M, Masihi S. Economic Valuation of Karu Rivers Water from the View Point of Wheat Farmers in Molasani District. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture. 2014; 28 (1): 107-117. [In Persian].##Ghadiri H. Salinization of Karun River in Iran by shallow groundwater and seawater encroachment. Advances in Hydro-Science and Engineering. 2016; 4:1-9.##Karamouz M, Mahjouri N, Kerachian R. River water quality zoning: a case study of Karoon and Dez River system. Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2004; 1 (2): 16-27.##Naddafi K, Honari H, Ahmadi M. Water quality trend analysis for the Karoon River in Iran. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2007; 134:305-12. ##

تجزیه فتوکاتالیستی مواد آلی طبیعی در آب با استفاده از نانو ذرات اکسید روی/مولیبدن تثبیت شده بر روی سفال Evaluation of the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation process using Mo/ZnO nanoparticles stabilized on pottery in removing natural organic matter from water 1 1 زمینه و هدف: حضور آلاینده‌های آلی در منابع آب تهدیدی جدی برای سلامت انسان هستند. فرایند تجزیه فتوکاتالیستی روشی نوین برای حذف کارآمد این آلاینده­‌های در تصفیه آب به شمار می‌­رود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فرایند فتوکاتالیستی با استفاده از نانو ذرات اکسید روی/مولیبدن تثبیت شده بر روی سفال در حذف مواد آلی از آب بود. مواد و روش­‌ها: این مطالعه به صورت تجربی با استفاده از یک رآکتور آزمایشگاهی به حجم ۱ لیتر و مجهز به یک همزن، سه صفحه سفالی پوشش داده شده با نانوذرات و ۵ عدد لامپ UV به صورت ناپیوسته انجام شد. نانوذرات اکسید روی و اکسید روی/مولیبدن به روش هیدروترمال سنتز شدند و با استفاده از آنالیزهای SEM، XRD و FTIR مشخصه‌یابی شدند. در این تحقیق اثر پارامترهای عملیاتی شامل غلظت‌های اولیه­ مواد آلی، زمان تماس، درصد آلایش، مقدار کاتالیست، شدت تابش و pH مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در فرایند مورد بررسی با افزایش pH از ۳ تا ۱۱ و غلظت اولیه مواد آلی از ۱۰ تا ۸۰ میلی گرم بر لیتر راندمان حذف مواد آلی به ترتیب ۵۳/۷ و ۶۵/۵ درصد کاهش یافته است ولی با افزایش مقدار نانوذرات از ۲ تا ۸ میلیگرم بر سانتیمتر مربع، زمان تماس از ۱۰ تا ۱۲۰ دقیقه، مقدار آلایشگر از ۰/۵ تا ۲ درصد و شدت تابش از ۰/۰۷۵ تا ۰/۲۶۵ وات بر متر مربع  راندمان حذف مواد آلی به ترتیب ۳۳/۹۳، ۵۲/۴۵، ۱۱/۷ و ۴۲/۰۲ درصد افزایش یافته است. به ­علاوه نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط یکسان کارایی فرایند فتوکاتالیستی برای حذف مواد آلی با استفاده از نانوکاتالیست اکسید روی/مولیبدن ۲۲/۹۷ درصد بیشتر از کارایی این فرایند با استفاده از نانوکاتالیست اکسید روی به تنهایی است. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته­‌های این تحقیق می­‌توان بیان نمود که استفاده از فرایند تجزیه  فتوکاتالیستی با استفاده از نانوذرات اکسید روی/ مولیبدن روشی کارآمد برای حذف آلاینده­‌های آلی در آب می‌­باشد. 2 Background: The presence of organic pollutants in water resources is a serious threat to human health. The photocatalytic degradation process is a novel method for the efficient removal of these pollutants in water purification. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of photocatalytic process using molybdenum/zinc oxide nanoparticles immobilized on clay plates for removing organic matter in water. Materials and Method: This study was carried out experimentally using a laboratory reactor with a volume of 1 liter and equipped with a stirrer, three clay plates coated with nanoparticles  and 5 UV lamps in a discontinuous manner. Zinc oxide and zinc oxide/molybdenum nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis. The effect of operating parameters including initial concentrations of humic acid, contact time, dopant percentage, amount of catalyst, radiation intensity and pH on the removal efficiency of organic matter was investigated. Results: The results showed that with an increase in pH from 3 to 11 and initial concentration of humic acid from 10 to 80 mg/L the efficiency of organic matter removal decreased by 53.7 and 65.5% respectively, but with an increase in the amount of nanoparticles from 2 to 8 mg/cm2, contact time from 10 to 120 minutes, dopant from 0.5 to 2% and radiation intensity from 0.75 to 0.265 w/m2, the efficiency of organic matter removal increased by 33.93, 52.45, 11.7 and 42.02% respectively. In addition, the results showed that under the same conditions, the efficiency of the photocatalytic process for removing organic matter using Mo/ZnO is 22.97% higher than the efficiency of this process with pure ZnO. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be stated that the use of photocatalytic degradation process using molybdenum/zinc oxide nanoparticles is an efficient method to removing organic pollutants in water. 233 250 2025/04/282025/05/32025/02/192025/05/192025/03/132025/05/202025/04/82025/04/6 1404/1/17 2025/06/22025/06/72025/05/262025/06/92025/06/72025/06/92025/05/212025/05/26 1404/3/5 رضا رضایی Reza Rezaee مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط، پژوهشکده توسعه سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران ایران مهدی صفری Mahdi Safari مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت محیط، پژوهشکده توسعه سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران ایران Safari.m.eng@gmail.com شهلا یوسفی Shahla Yosefi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران ایران شادیه محمدی Shadieh Mohammadi گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کردستان، سنندج، ایران ایران Photocatalytic degradation ZnO molybdenum Organic matter Clay plate doping تجزیه فتوکاتالیستی اکسید روی مولیبدن مواد آلی طبیعی سفال آلایش Siddiqui KS, Ertan H, Charlton T, et al. Versatile peroxidase degradation of humic substances: Use of isothermal titration calorimetry to assess kinetics, and applications to industrial wastes. Journal of biotechnology 2014;178: 1-11.##Mahvi AH, Maleki A, Rezaee R, Safari M. REDUCTION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER BY APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND WAVES AND ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering 2009;6(4): 233-40.##Kavurmaci SS, Bekbolet M. Photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in the presence of montmorillonite. Applied Clay Science 2013;75: 60-6.##Hu W, Wu C, Jia A, Chen F. Enhanced coagulation for treating slightly polluted algae-containing raw water of the Pearl River combining ozone pre-oxidation with polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Desalination and Water Treatment 2014(ahead-of-print): 1-6.##Joseph L, Flora JR, Park Y-G, et al. Removal of natural organic matter from potential drinking water sources by combined coagulation and adsorption using carbon nanomaterials. Separation and Purification Technology 2012;95: 64-72.##Deng C-H, Gong J-L, Zeng G-M, et al. Graphene-CdS nanocomposite inactivation performance toward Escherichia coli in the presence of humic acid under visible light irradiation. Chemical Engineering Journal 2016;284: 41-53.##Rafiq A, Ikram M, Ali S, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of dyes using semiconductor photocatalysts to clean industrial water pollution. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2021;97: 111-28.##Biglar F, Talaiekhozani A, Aminsharei F, et al. Application of ZnO-Nd nano-photocatalyst for the reactive red 198 dye decolorization in the falling-film photocatalytic reactor. Toxics 2021;9(10): 254.##Abdurahman MH, Abdullah AZ, Shoparwe NF. A comprehensive review on sonocatalytic, photocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic processes for the degradation of antibiotics in water: Synergistic mechanism and degradation pathway. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021;413: 127412.##Saad AM, Abukhadra MR, Ahmed SA-K, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using chitosan supported ZnO and Ce-ZnO nano-flowers under visible light. Journal of environmental management 2020;258: 110043.##Choi K, Kang T, Oh S-G. Preparation of disk shaped ZnO particles using surfactant and their PL properties. Materials Letters 2012;75: 240-3.##Liu Y, Wang R, Yang Z, et al. Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of Z-scheme graphitic carbon nitride/oxygen vacancy-rich zinc oxide hybrid photocatalysts. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2015;36(12): 2135-44.##Shanmugam V, Jeyaperumal KS. Investigations of visible light driven Sn and Cu doped ZnO hybrid nanoparticles for photocatalytic performance and antibacterial activity. Applied Surface Science 2018;449: 617-30.##Ebrahimi R, Hossienzadeh K, Maleki A, et al. Effects of doping zinc oxide nanoparticles with transition metals (Ag, Cu, Mn) on photocatalytic degradation of Direct Blue 15 dye under UV and visible light irradiation. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 2019;17: 479-92.##Birben N, Paganini MC, Calza P, Bekbolet M. Photocatalytic degradation of humic acid using a novel photocatalyst: Ce-doped ZnO. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 2017;16: 24-30.##Masoumbeigi h, Rezaee a, Khataee a, Hashemian j. Photocatalytic Removal of Escherichia Coli and Streptococcus Faecalis from Water Using Immobilized ZnO Nanoparticles. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2012;6(4): 24-35.##Kanakaraju D, Kockler J, Motti CA, et al. Titanium dioxide/zeolite integrated photocatalytic adsorbents for the degradation of amoxicillin. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2015;166: 45-55.##Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee A, Safari M, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on glass plates. Desalination and Water Treatment 2015;53(6): 1613-20.##Bishe M, Ayati B. The effect of Na2S2O8 oxidant on improving the efficiency of photo-catalytic process of nano-TiO2 immobilized on concrete in DB71 removal. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2014;7(1).##Fathinia M, Khataee A. Photocatalytic ozonation of phenazopyridine using TiO2 nanoparticles coated on ceramic plates: mechanistic studies, degradation intermediates and ecotoxicological assessments. Applied Catalysis A: General 2015;491: 136-54.##Maleki A, Safari M, Shahmoradi B, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of humic substances in aqueous solution using Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles under natural sunlight irradiation. 2015;22(21): 16875-80.##Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee A, Safari M, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on glass plates. 2015;53(6): 1613-20.##Labhane P, Huse V, Patle L, et al. Synthesis of Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles: crystallographic, optical, FTIR, morphological and photocatalytic study. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2015;3(07): 39.##Shohany BG, Zak AK. Doped ZnO nanostructures with selected elements-Structural, morphology and optical properties: A review. Ceramics International 2020;46(5): 5507-20.##Mandor H, Amin NK, Abdelwahab O, El-Ashtoukhy E-SZ. Preparation and characterization of N-doped ZnO and N-doped TiO2 beads for photocatalytic degradation of phenol and ammonia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2022;29(37): 56845-62.##Salvi S, Lokhande PB, Mujawar HA. Degradation of recalcitrant phenol pollutant and antibacterial study by Ni, Sr doped ZnO. Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry 2020;50(3): 114-23.##Abdulkhair BY, Salih ME, Elamin NY, et al. Simplistic synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of spherical ZnO nanoparticles prepared from arabinose solution. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 2019;74(10): 937-44.##Maleki A, Safari M, Shahmoradi B, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of humic substances in aqueous solution using Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles under natural sunlight irradiation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015;22: 16875-80.##Chanu LA, Singh WJ, Singh KJ, Devi KN. Effect of operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye solution using manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles. Results in Physics 2019;12: 1230-7.##Moein H, Bidhendi GN, Mehrdadi N, Kamani H. Efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of humic acid using magnetic nanoparticles (Fe-doped TiO2@ Fe3O4) in aqueous solutions. Health Scope 2020;9(2).##Oskoei V, Dehghani M, Nazmara S, et al. Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution using UV/ZnO nano-photocatalysis and adsorption. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2016;213: 374-80.##Mohsin M, Bhatti IA, Ashar A, et al. Iron-doped zinc oxide for photocatalyzed degradation of humic acid from municipal wastewater. Applied Materials Today 2021;23: 101047.##Vakili B, Shahmoradi B, Maleki A, et al. Synthesis of immobilized cerium doped ZnO nanoparticles through the mild hydrothermal approach and their application in the photodegradation of synthetic wastewater. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2019;280: 230-7.##Mirzaei A, Yerushalmi L, Chen Z, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole by zinc oxide photocatalyst in the presence of fluoride ions: Optimization of parameters and toxicological evaluation. Water research 2018;132: 241-51.##Pirsaheba M, Karimib K, Shahmoradid B, et al. Photocatalyzed degradation of acid orange 7 dye under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation using Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles. J Desalin Water Treat 2019;165: 321-32.##Babel S, Sekartaji PA, Sudrajat H. ZnO nanoparticles for photodegradation of humic acid in water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021;28: 31163-73.##Maleki A, Seifi M, Marzban N. Evaluation of sonocatalytic and photocatalytic processes efficiency for degradation of humic compounds using synthesized transition-metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Journal of Chemistry 2021;2021: 1-12.##Ehrampoosh M, Moussavi S, Ghaneian M, et al. A COMPARISON BETWEEN TUBULAR AND BATCH REACTORS IN REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE FROM SIMULATED TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING TIO2/UV-C PHOTOCATALYTIC PROCESS. 2010.##Elahian M, Rahmani M, Nasernejad B. The Study of Photocatalytic Performance of ZIF-67 and Zn/Co-ZIF for the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater. Journal of Water and Wastewater 2021;32(3): 125-37.##Babel S, Sekartaji PA, Sudrajat H. TiO2 as an effective nanocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in water environment. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA 2017;66(1): 25-35.##Marinović V, Ljubas D, Ćurković L. Effects of concentration and UV radiation wavelenghts on photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes aqueous solutions by sol-gel TiO2 films. The holistic approach to environment 2017;7(1): 3-14.##Shirzad-Siboni M, Jonidi-Jafari A, Farzadkia M, et al. Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped ZnO nanorods for the degradation of an insecticide: kinetics and reaction pathways. Journal of environmental management 2017;186: 1-11.##Babel S, Sekartaji PA, Sudrajat H. ZnO nanoparticles for photodegradation of humic acid in water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021;28(24): 31163-73.##Maleki A, Safari M, Shahmoradi B, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of humic substances in aqueous solution using Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles under natural sunlight irradiation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015;22(21): 16875-80.##Zhu X, Wang J, Yang D, et al. Fabrication, characterization and high photocatalytic activity of Ag-ZnO heterojunctions under UV-visible light. RSC advances 2021;11(44): 27257-66.##Ebrahimi R, Maleki A, Zandsalimi Y, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using WO3-doped ZnO nanoparticles fixed on a glass surface in aqueous solution. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2019;73: 297-305.##Balarak D, Mengelizadeh N, Rajiv P, Chandrika K. Photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin from aqueous solutions by titanium dioxide nanoparticles loaded on graphene oxide. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021;28(36): 49743-54.##Arjomandi Rad F, Talat Mehrabad J, Khalilnezhad R. Investigation of Photocatalytic Activity of Acid Red 27 by Co-doped TiO2 Nanoparticle with Magnesium and Copper. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2021;23(1): 17-26.##Kuriakose S, Satpati B, Mohapatra S. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Co doped ZnO nanodisks and nanorods prepared by a facile wet chemical method. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2014;16(25): 12741-9.##Vaiano V, Matarangolo M, Murcia J, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic removal of phenol from aqueous solutions using ZnO modified with Ag. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2018;225: 197-206.##Siddiqui KS, Ertan H, Charlton T, et al. Versatile peroxidase degradation of humic substances: Use of isothermal titration calorimetry to assess kinetics, and applications to industrial wastes. Journal of biotechnology 2014;178: 1-11.##Mahvi AH, Maleki A, Rezaee R, Safari M. REDUCTION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER BY APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND WAVES AND ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering 2009;6(4): 233-40.##Kavurmaci SS, Bekbolet M. Photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in the presence of montmorillonite. Applied Clay Science 2013;75: 60-6.##Hu W, Wu C, Jia A, Chen F. Enhanced coagulation for treating slightly polluted algae-containing raw water of the Pearl River combining ozone pre-oxidation with polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Desalination and Water Treatment 2014(ahead-of-print): 1-6.##Joseph L, Flora JR, Park Y-G, et al. Removal of natural organic matter from potential drinking water sources by combined coagulation and adsorption using carbon nanomaterials. Separation and Purification Technology 2012;95: 64-72.##Deng C-H, Gong J-L, Zeng G-M, et al. Graphene-CdS nanocomposite inactivation performance toward Escherichia coli in the presence of humic acid under visible light irradiation. Chemical Engineering Journal 2016;284: 41-53.##Rafiq A, Ikram M, Ali S, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of dyes using semiconductor photocatalysts to clean industrial water pollution. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2021;97: 111-28.##Biglar F, Talaiekhozani A, Aminsharei F, et al. Application of ZnO-Nd nano-photocatalyst for the reactive red 198 dye decolorization in the falling-film photocatalytic reactor. Toxics 2021;9(10): 254.##Abdurahman MH, Abdullah AZ, Shoparwe NF. A comprehensive review on sonocatalytic, photocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic processes for the degradation of antibiotics in water: Synergistic mechanism and degradation pathway. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021;413: 127412.##Saad AM, Abukhadra MR, Ahmed SA-K, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye using chitosan supported ZnO and Ce-ZnO nano-flowers under visible light. Journal of environmental management 2020;258: 110043.##Choi K, Kang T, Oh S-G. Preparation of disk shaped ZnO particles using surfactant and their PL properties. Materials Letters 2012;75: 240-3.##Liu Y, Wang R, Yang Z, et al. Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of Z-scheme graphitic carbon nitride/oxygen vacancy-rich zinc oxide hybrid photocatalysts. Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2015;36(12): 2135-44.##Shanmugam V, Jeyaperumal KS. Investigations of visible light driven Sn and Cu doped ZnO hybrid nanoparticles for photocatalytic performance and antibacterial activity. Applied Surface Science 2018;449: 617-30.##Ebrahimi R, Hossienzadeh K, Maleki A, et al. Effects of doping zinc oxide nanoparticles with transition metals (Ag, Cu, Mn) on photocatalytic degradation of Direct Blue 15 dye under UV and visible light irradiation. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 2019;17: 479-92.##Birben N, Paganini MC, Calza P, Bekbolet M. Photocatalytic degradation of humic acid using a novel photocatalyst: Ce-doped ZnO. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 2017;16: 24-30.##Masoumbeigi h, Rezaee a, Khataee a, Hashemian j. Photocatalytic Removal of Escherichia Coli and Streptococcus Faecalis from Water Using Immobilized ZnO Nanoparticles. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2012;6(4): 24-35.##Kanakaraju D, Kockler J, Motti CA, et al. Titanium dioxide/zeolite integrated photocatalytic adsorbents for the degradation of amoxicillin. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2015;166: 45-55.##Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee A, Safari M, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on glass plates. Desalination and Water Treatment 2015;53(6): 1613-20.##Bishe M, Ayati B. The effect of Na2S2O8 oxidant on improving the efficiency of photo-catalytic process of nano-TiO2 immobilized on concrete in DB71 removal. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2014;7(1).##Fathinia M, Khataee A. Photocatalytic ozonation of phenazopyridine using TiO2 nanoparticles coated on ceramic plates: mechanistic studies, degradation intermediates and ecotoxicological assessments. Applied Catalysis A: General 2015;491: 136-54.##Maleki A, Safari M, Shahmoradi B, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of humic substances in aqueous solution using Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles under natural sunlight irradiation. 2015;22(21): 16875-80.##Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Rezaee A, Safari M, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on glass plates. 2015;53(6): 1613-20.##Labhane P, Huse V, Patle L, et al. Synthesis of Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles: crystallographic, optical, FTIR, morphological and photocatalytic study. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2015;3(07): 39.##Shohany BG, Zak AK. Doped ZnO nanostructures with selected elements-Structural, morphology and optical properties: A review. Ceramics International 2020;46(5): 5507-20.##Mandor H, Amin NK, Abdelwahab O, El-Ashtoukhy E-SZ. Preparation and characterization of N-doped ZnO and N-doped TiO2 beads for photocatalytic degradation of phenol and ammonia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2022;29(37): 56845-62.##Salvi S, Lokhande PB, Mujawar HA. Degradation of recalcitrant phenol pollutant and antibacterial study by Ni, Sr doped ZnO. Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry 2020;50(3): 114-23.##Abdulkhair BY, Salih ME, Elamin NY, et al. Simplistic synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of spherical ZnO nanoparticles prepared from arabinose solution. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 2019;74(10): 937-44.##Maleki A, Safari M, Shahmoradi B, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of humic substances in aqueous solution using Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles under natural sunlight irradiation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015;22: 16875-80.##Chanu LA, Singh WJ, Singh KJ, Devi KN. Effect of operational parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue dye solution using manganese doped ZnO nanoparticles. Results in Physics 2019;12: 1230-7.##Moein H, Bidhendi GN, Mehrdadi N, Kamani H. 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Water research 2018;132: 241-51.##Pirsaheba M, Karimib K, Shahmoradid B, et al. Photocatalyzed degradation of acid orange 7 dye under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation using Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles. J Desalin Water Treat 2019;165: 321-32.##Babel S, Sekartaji PA, Sudrajat H. ZnO nanoparticles for photodegradation of humic acid in water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021;28: 31163-73.##Maleki A, Seifi M, Marzban N. Evaluation of sonocatalytic and photocatalytic processes efficiency for degradation of humic compounds using synthesized transition-metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Journal of Chemistry 2021;2021: 1-12.##Ehrampoosh M, Moussavi S, Ghaneian M, et al. A COMPARISON BETWEEN TUBULAR AND BATCH REACTORS IN REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE FROM SIMULATED TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING TIO2/UV-C PHOTOCATALYTIC PROCESS. 2010.##Elahian M, Rahmani M, Nasernejad B. 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