Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 5 4 2018 9 1 Evaluation of Efficiency of Persulfate Activated with Ultrasonic Waves in Phenanthrene Degradation from Soil Environments by Central Composite Design Method 309 322 FA Motahareh Harati PhD Student in Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran N Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Y 10.29252/jehe.5.4.309 Background and Purpose: PAHs and their derivatives have a complex and stable molecular structure with low biodegradability and have from the compounds in the crude oil. The object of this study was to evaluation of efficiency of persulfate activated with ultrasonic waves in Phenanthrene degradation from Soil environments by central composite design. Methods: The soil samples were homogenized and filtered using a 2.0 mm sieve. Then, Phenanthrene solution (PHE) was added into soil sample. In order to carry out the chemical oxidation process, Probe Ultrasonic Wave Generator place out inside the reaction chamber Contains Persulfate/soil slurry environment. A central composite design (CCD) was used for designing and optimizing the operation parameters such as sodium Persulfate concentration, Ultrasound intensity and contact time. The synergy of processes in the system was also studied in optimal conditions. Results: ANOVA results indicated that the effect of persulfate concentration, ultrasound intensity and contact time and binary interactions were significant. The Persulfate concentration, has the most significant effect on the phenanthrene degradation. The highest efficacy of the phenanthrene degradation (%58.05) was obtained in the conditions: initial concentration of persulfate =0.2 mol, ultrasonic waves with power = %70, and contact time = 120 min. By applying S2O8-2 in a separate approach after 120 min the efficiency was 9.2% while at these conditions, the efficiency of the ultrasonic process was only 3.4%. By contrast, the combined PS/US process could remove %58.05 of phenanthrene. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that, the application of the PS/US process is an effective method for purification of Phenanthrene contaminated soils. Phenanthrene, S2O82-, ultrasonic waves, soil http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-541-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 5 4 2018 9 1 Study of the Efficiency of Non-Homogeneous Catalytic Ozonation Process using a Catalyst of Magnetic Nanoparticles of Iron Oxide Doped with Silica and Titanium Dioxide in Removal of Metronidazole from Synthetic Wastewater 323 336 FA Mojtaba Yegane Badi M.Sc. of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Y Emad Dehghanifard Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ,Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N 10.29252/jehe.5.4.323 Background and Objective: Antibiotics are widely used in veterinary and medicine in the last few decades which presence of these compounds has made potential risks for aquatic and terrestrial organisms in the environment. Metronidazole is one of these antibiotics. The purpose of this study was investigation of the efficiency of metronidazole removal from aqueous solutions using a catalytic ozonation process with magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide doped with silica and titanium dioxide. Materials and Methods: The sol gel method was used to synthesize Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles and its properties were investigated by SEM, XRD and EDX analyzes. The effect of parameters such as pH, catalyst dose, reaction time, contaminant concentration, determining the mineralization and scavenger effect were investigated on the process performance. Changes in metronidazole concentration were determined by HPLC. Results: According to the results of this study, pH =10 and catalyst dose of 3 g /l were obtained as optimum conditions and the removal efficiency increased with increasing of contact time and decreasing in the concentration of metronidazole. Results showed that the removal of metronidazole followed first degree model by this process. Rate of TOC was 86% under optimal operating conditions. Conclusion: Catalytic ozonation process with magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide doped with silica and titanium dioxide can significantly remove metronidazole and it is an appropriate method for removal of metronidazole. Metronidazole, Catalytic ozonation, Magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide doped with silica and titanium dioxide http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-542-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 5 4 2018 9 1 Synthesis of ZnO-SnO2-Ag Nanocomposite and Investigation of the Photocatalytic Decomposition of Methyl Orange Using Synthesized Nanocomposite 337 344 FA Azam Ghaderi Master of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran N Sedigheh Abbasi Assistant professor, Esfarayen University of Technology, Esfarayen, North khorasan, Iran Y Farshad Farahbod Assistant professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran N 10.29252/jehe.5.4.337 Background and Objectives: The presence of dye organic pollutants such as methyl orange is an imperative threat for environment. Therefore, the main aim of this study is synthesize of the ZnO-SnO2-Ag nanocomposite and elimination of methyl orange from water using advanced oxidation process and synthesized photocatalytic nanocomposite. Material and Methods: The nanocomposite containing ZnO, SnO2 and Ag nanoparticles is synthesized for photocatalytic application. The synthesized nanocomposite is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of irradiation time ranging from 5 min to 15 min and weight fraction of nanocomposite ranging from 0.125 %wt to 0.5 %wt is investigated on the photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange. Results: The results of the XRD pattern reveal that the Ag nanoparticles with cubic structure decorate on the surface of ZnO-SnO2. The results of the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposite show that the removal efficiency of the pollutant increases with UV irradiation time and weight fraction. The results of the Duncan’s multiple range test confirm that there is a significant difference among different level of the UV irradiation time and weight fraction of nanocomposite. Conclusion: Base on the experimental results, it is clear that the effect of UV irradiation time is more significant rather than weight fraction.   nanocomposite, ZnO-SnO2-Ag, photocatalytic activities, methyl orange, removal efficiency http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-543-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 5 4 2018 9 1 Tanning Wastewater Pre-Treatment Using Electrocoagulation Process 345 358 FA Leila Davarpanah Assistant Professor, Research Department of Energy, Institute of Materials and Energy, Karaj, Iran Y Soma Taherian Master of Renewable Energy Engineering, Research Department of Energy, Institute of Materials and Energy, Karaj, Iran N Elham Abdollahzadeh sharghi Assistant Professor, Research Department of Energy, Institute of Materials and Energy, Karaj, Iran N 10.29252/jehe.5.4.345 Background: The leather industry is one of the most polluting industries in the country (Iran), which annually produces several hundred tons of industrial sewage. Electrocoagulation is one of the purification methods for this wastewater. This research aimed to remove COD and turbidity from real wastewater originating from one of the leather tanning units in Charmshahr industrial park with use of electrocoagulation process. Method: The research was conducted in laboratory scale in a 480-millimeter EC reactor. The wastewater was collected from a leather tanning unit. The main variables considered were current intensity (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 A), retention time (5, 10, 15 and 30min), initial pH (5, 6 and 8.6) and electrode material (i.e., iron, aluminum, and steel). Results: The optimum conditions in the electrocoagulation process to achieve the maximum removal efficiency for COD equal to 63.57% were obtained in an experiment with time of 5 minutes, the current density of 23.5% mA/cm2, pH=8.62 and 2 steel electrodes. Also, in an experiment with time of 30 minutes, the current density of 23.5 mA/cm2, pH=8.62 and 4 electrodes, the removal rate of 62.88% was obtained. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the electrocoagulation can be an effective method for tannery wastewater pre-treatment and the optimum conditions can be obtained using aluminum electrodes, time of 5 minutes, the current density of 7 mA/cm2 and pH of 8.62.   Electrocoagulation, Tannery wastewater, COD, Iron, aluminum and steel electrodes, Turbidity http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-544-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 5 4 2018 9 1 Determination and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) in Surface Sediments of Coastal Regions of Bushehr Province 359 374 FA Arash Haghshenas , Institute of Shrimp, Bushehr, Iran N Masoud Hatami-manesh PhD student of Environment. Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Malayer University N Mehraban Sadeghi Associate professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Shahrekord, Iran N Mohsen Mirzaei . PhD student of Environment, Institute of Grapes and Raisins, Malayer University Y Behzad Mohammadi Bardkashki MSc of Civil Planning, Shiraz Municipality, Shiraz, Iran N 10.29252/jehe.5.4.359 Background: Persian Gulf is one of the most important ecosystems in the world that in recent decades has been exposed to various environmental pollutants such as heavy metals from human and natural activities. Therefore, the aim of this study investigates the concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper and zinc) and ecological risk assessment of them in coastal sediments in of Bushehr province in Persian Gulf. Methods: In order to assess the concentration of metals, 54 stations along the coastal zones were selected and in each station three samples of sediment and plant were taken. After preparation and digestion of the samples, the concentrations of these metals were determined by using polarography. Results: The average of total concentration of detected metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in sediment 52.40 ± 2. 62, 34.99±2.76, 11.53 ±2.01 and 2.41± 0.89 μg/g, respectively. Also, the results of comparison of heavy metals concentration in coastal areas in Bushehr Province (Jam, Deir, Bushehr, Dashti, Genaveh and Deilam) with ANOVA test showed there was a significant difference between the concentrations of sediments in different coastal areas. The results showed that the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and ecological risk represents less to moderately pollution in the region. Also, the environmental risk of metals in the region was evaluated as (Cd>Cu> Pb> Zn). Conclusion: According to the results, the pollution and ecological risk of metals in the region for Zn, Cu and Pb is low but for Cd is moderateevaluated Heavy Metals, Ecological Risk Assessment, Sediments, Coastal zones of Bushehr province, Sediment Quality Index http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 5 4 2018 9 1 Evaluation of River Water Quality and Indices for Fish Farm Development (Case study: Kabkian River) 375 388 FA Shervin Jamshidi Department of Civil Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iranو Water Research Institute (WRI), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran Y Ashraf Sadat Kariman 2. Water Research Institute (WRI), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran N Mohammad Hadi Meshkati 2. Water Research Institute (WRI), Ministry of Energy, Tehran, Iran N Zeinab Mehrabi Kohgiluyeh & Boyerahmad Water Company, Yasooj, Iran N 10.29252/jehe.5.4.375 Background: Fish farming requires proper water quality to increase productivity and reduce health risk exposures while they are emission sources in rivers themselves. The purpose of this research is to evaluate river water quality regarding physicochemical parameters coupling with water quality index (WQI) to study the viability of fish farming expansion. Methods: This study is carried out both as field survey and laboratory analysis. Samples were taken bimonthly in 6 periods (2016-2017) from 21 stations from Kabkian River, Iran, including the water body and discharge points. Afterwards, results were statistically analyzed by T-Test regarding the spatial and temporal specifications with SPSS. Results: Experimental results show that dissolved oxygen is over 7 mg/L and WQI is 70 which is classified as good. However, temporal variations of BOD, COD and nitrite concentrations are significant and their average are rather high about 10, 16 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. Since, BOD is the only parameter with significant spatial variations, it is introduced as the main parameter for river water quality monitoring. Conclusion: Overally, Kabkian water quality is suitable for fish farming. However, due to the possibility of presence of malachite green, it is highly recommended that strict monitoring should be implemented upstream to control fish farm discharges and reduce health risk exposures.    Fish farming, kabkian, malachite green, river, statistical analysis, Water Quality Index (WQI). http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-546-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-546-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 5 4 2018 9 1 Evaluation of Landfill Gas Generation for Exploitation Energy (Case Study: Landfill No. 2 of Shahinshahr) 389 400 FA Ehsan Rezaee . M.Sc in Environmental, Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran N Mohammad Hadi Abolhasani . Assistant Professor Departeman of Environmental Science, Waste and Wastewater Research Center, Islamic Azad of Esfehan University (Khorasgan), Esfehan, Iran Y 10.29252/jehe.5.4.389 Background and objective: The paper aims to estimate the environmental gases of Landfill No. 2 in Shahin Shahr (total landfill gas, methane gas and carbon dioxide gas), comparison of gas emissions over a period of 30 years, and the availability of landfill for energy extraction. Methods: The field of research is Landfill No. 2 at Shahin Shahr Recycling Plant (Isfahan) located in Ja’farabad Mountains, whose capacity was completed in 1391 and landfill gas assessment was carried out. The total amount of produced gases, methane and carbon dioxide has been calculated using the first-order degradation model over a period of 30 years. Results: The amount of these gases in Landfill has been calculated from 1394 to 1424.The results show that the amount of landfill gases has declined over time. The most amounts of methane and carbon dioxide production is about 1050000 and 287000 kilograms in 1394 and the least amount of methane and carbon dioxide production is estimated about 174 and 476 thousand kilograms, respectively, in 1424. The total volume of gases produced in this landfill has been estimated to be about 15 million cubic meters in 30 years, of which 27 percent are methane and 73 percent are carbon dioxide. The amount of methane and carbon dioxide gas is estimated to be about 15 million and 42 million kilograms in 30 years, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, landfill gases have declined over time. It is recommended to use energy recovery technologies for controlling greenhouse gas emissions and generation of required energy for the ShahinShahr recycling plant in order to use this volume of gas.   Landfill, Environmental Gas, Waste, Energy http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-547-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 5 4 2018 9 1 Effect of EDDS Chelate on Increasing Cd Phytoremediation Efficiency by Corn (Maxima Cv) in a Soil Treated with Municipal Waste Compost (A Case Study: Khomein Municipal Waste Compost) 401 412 FA Amir Hossein Baghaie Department of Soil Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran Y 10.29252/jehe.5.4.401 Background: In recently years, plant-assistant bioremediation is preferred to the other methods and causes increasing of remediation efficiency. Among this, applying chelating such as Ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) can probably affect soil heavy metal availability that increase phytoremediation efficiency. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EDDS chelate on corn (Maxima CV) Cadmium uptake in a soil treated with Arak municipal waste compost. Methods: A factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with 3 factors in three replications was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Treatments were consisted of applying Arak municipal waste compost (0. 15 and 30 t ha-1)‌ , soil polluted cadmium (0, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd kg soil-1) from Cd(NO3)2 sources and applying EDDS chelate (0 and 1.5 mmol kg soil-1). After 60days, soil physic-chemical properties and root and shoot cadmium concentration was measured.  Results: Applying 1.5 mmol kg soil-1 EDDS chelate in a Cd polluted soil (40 mg Cd kg soil-1) without receiving Arak municipal waste compost caused a significant increasing in Cd availability by 21 percent, while applying 1.5 mmol kg soil-1 EDDS chelate in a Cd polluted soil (40 mg Cd kg soil-1) with receiving 30 t ha-1 Arak municipal waste compost increased the Cd availability by 10 percent.  Conclusion: The EDDS chelate effectiveness was affected by soil organic matter, as, with increasing the amount of Arak municipal waste compost, the effectiveness of applying EDDS chelate was decreased. The similar results for root and shoot Cd concentration confirm this matter clearly.   EDDS chelate, Cadmium, Sigma Cv, availability http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-548-en.pdf