Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 13 2 2025 7 1 Investigation of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Ni and Fe in the leaves of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum): A case study of Amirkabir Company farms 118 133 FA Leila Bovard Department of Environment, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran N 0009-0001-8924-1542 Maryam Mohammadi Roozbahani Department of Environment, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Mmohammadiroozbahani@iau.ac.ir Y 0000-0002-0684-9932 10.61882/jehe.13.2.118 Background: Plants are one of the biological indicators that can be used to determine the state of heavy metal pollution in the soil. This study was conducted in 2024 with the aim of bio-investigating the heavy metals Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) at Amirkabir Agriculture and Industry Company. Materials and Methods: According to the farms of Amirkabir Agriculture and Industry Company, 6 stations were selected, from which 18 soil samples and 36 leaf samples were collected randomly with 3 replications from 4 different geographical directions. In order to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in leaves, the bioaccumulation coefficient was used. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the soil and washed and unwashed sugarcane leaves in six stations (P<0.05). The concentration of Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni in soil samples was higher than in Saccharum officinarum. Also, in six stations, the concentration of heavy metals in unwashed leaves was higher than in washed leaves. The highest average concentration of heavy metals in plants among the four metals studied belonged to Fe (198.08±3.68 mg kg-1) and the lowest concentration belonged to Cd (4.86±0.33 mg kg-1). The average bioaccumulation coefficients of Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni were 0.95, 0.62, 0.26 and 0.77, respectively. Conclusion: The bioaccumulation coefficient values ​​of heavy metals were less than 1. Pb had the highest and Fe the lowest bioaccumulation coefficient, so it can be concluded that sugarcane has the potential to phytoremediate Pb. Plant leaf contamination, heavy metal toxicity, bioaccumulation index, sugarcane phytoremediation http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1110-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1110-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 13 2 2025 7 1 Assessment of the effect of human resource management on the safety and health of workers in East Asia Ferroalloy Factory, Eslamabad-e Gharb, Kermanshah 134 157 FA Behnam Nazari M.Sc. in Health, Safety & Environment, Department of Environmental Science, El.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran N 0009-0005-5406-9286 Soheil Sobhanardakani Ph.D. in Environmental Science, Professor in Environmental Science, Department of the Environment, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran s_sobhan@iau.ac.ir Y 0000-0002-6038-0514 Nargess Kargari Ph.D. in Environmental Science, Assistant Professor in Environmental Science, Department of the Environment, Tak.C., Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran N 0000-0003-0622-995X 10.61882/jehe.13.2.134 Background: Nowadays, human resources are considered as a valuable asset for gaining competitive advantage, and creating factors such as a sense of fair treatment among individuals, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction and play a fundamental role in the organization's performance and productivity. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of human resource management on the safety and health of workers in East Asia Ferroalloy Factory, Eslamabad-e Gharb, Kermanshah, west of Iran. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, to assess the impact of human resource management on employee safety and health, a researcher-made questionnaire including a demographic questionnaire (with questions about gender, age, marital status, and work experience), a human resource management questionnaire (including 14 close-ended questions), and an employee safety and health questionnaire (including 20 close-ended questions) were used. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Based on the results obtained, "human resource management", "recruitment and employment rate", "training and development", "performance evaluation", "service reward (compensation for services)", "working conditions", "training and development", and "performance evaluation" variables all had a significant positive correlation with "employee safety and health" variable. Conclusion: In general, to strengthen safety and health performance in organizations, it is recommended that organizational management pay attention to improving employees' internal motivation to implement safety issues by holding training courses, providing appropriate safety tools and equipment, strengthening teamwork, and creating a group safety culture. Human resource management, Safety, Employee health, Job satisfaction, Kermanshah http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1111-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1111-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 13 2 2025 7 1 Prioritization of Groundwater (Wells) Contamination Using Borda and Bargaining Algorithms in Khorramabad Aquifer 158 178 FA Mahsa Hasanvand Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran N 0009-0006-3098-5420 Ali Haghizadeh Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Haghizadeh.a@lu.ac.ir Y 0000-0002-0928-827X Bahram kamarehei Professor, Environmental Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, khorramabad, Iran N 0000-0002-9908-2100 Leila Ghasemi Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran N 0009-0007-0588-7463 10.61882/jehe.13.2.158 Background: A complex decision-making process that has to be done by examining several regional circumstances, giving priority to places for determining the possibility of using water resources with pollution potential. Therefore, managing water resources calls for the choice of the best decision-making technique for the growth and possible evaluation of areas vulnerable to future pollution. The current study looked at priority depending on pollution potential in the Khorramabad aquifer's groundwater resources. Materials and Methods: Landsat 8 OLI sensor imagery was used to create a land use map for this study.  Moreover, ArcGIS 10.3 and Envi 5.3 tools were used at several phases of creating the Khorramabad basin landuse map and validating the accuracy of the forecasted maps.  Various Khorramabad well parameters were gathered and computed; depending on their relevance in generating pollution potential, they were input into the Borda and bargaining algorithms. They were then scored according to the parameters investigated. Results: The two algorithms, Borda and bargaining, used inside game theory helped to find the most efficient parameters in the wells as well as the most important pollution possible sources. The most efficient parameters were those of carbonate with a score of 179.5, phosphate with a score of 135.5, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) with a score of 130.5, all of which were derived from the Borda scoring approach. The most successful parameters were carbonate, chloride, and sulfate by means of the bargaining algorithm. Conclusion: Finally, the prioritization of water resources was presented using both methods; in the Borda approach, the Sarab Yas, Aliabad, and Balilvand wells had top priority. Game theory has been applied as a multi-dimensional solution in numerous decision-making sectors and eventually delivers a complete and managerial approach. Game Theory, Pollution Potential, Khorramabad wells, Parameter http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1102-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1102-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 13 2 2025 7 1 Review of the status of personal hygiene, building, and tools in women\'s beauty salons 179 188 FA Anis Aghaei Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran N 0009-0003-1016-5167 Masoumeh Mirzaei Master's student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran N 0009-0004-3297-9492 Mohammad Darvishmotevalli Health, Safety, and Environment Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N 0000-0003-4587-517X Sajad Mazloomi Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran sajad.mazloomi@yahoo.com Y 0000-0002-6638-9915 10.61882/jehe.13.2.179 Background: A hair salon is one of the most vital public spaces where attention to hygiene standards is essential. Neglecting hygiene issues and engaging in unprofessional activities, such as tattoos and body art, poses a potential threat to the health of community members. A salon is defined as a place where only beauty and grooming activities are performed, and the staff working there have no right to interfere in medical matters whatsoever. This study examines the hygiene conditions of women's beauty salons in Dehloran, located in Ilam Province. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted descriptively and cross-sectionally using a census method that included all women's hair salons in the city of Dehloran. Data collection utilized the women's beauty salon health inspection checklist from the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, with form code 920318/142 from the Center for Health, Environment, and Work. The checklist was completed in collaboration with an environmental health expert using direct observation methods. After finalizing the checklist, the collected data were analyzed with Excel software. Results: The findings indicated that of the 72 salons surveyed, 23.61% lacked proper ventilation for building hygiene, while 31.94% did not have first aid kits. Regarding personal hygiene, 33.33% of hairdressers were without health cards, 41.67% lacked certifications for public health training, and 38.89% did not have appropriate work uniforms. Conclusion: In this study, the highest compliance with regulations was observed in the building hygiene section, while deficiencies were noted in the personal hygiene of hairdressers as well as the hygiene of tools and equipment. Increasing health inspections by environmental health inspectors could effectively improve salon conditions. Environmental health, Women's hair salon, Dehloran County, Ilam http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1116-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1116-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 13 2 2025 7 1 Assessment of Greywater Treatment Efficiency Using of Surface Adsorption with Iron oxide nanoparticles 189 203 FA Saeid Govahi Department of Water Sciences, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran N 0009-0008-8702-0181 Ehsan Derikvand Research Center for Water Science and Environmental, Department of Water Sciences, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran Ehsan.Derikvand@iau.ac.ir Y 0000-0001-7449-286X Saeb khoshnavaz Research Center for Water Science and Environmental, Department of Water Sciences, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran N 0000-0003-1141-5714 Mohsen Solimani Babarsad Research Center for Water Science and Environmental, Department of Water Sciences, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran N 0000-0002-6676-0323 Iman Parseh Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran iparseh65@behums.ac.ir N 0000-0001-5867-1171 10.61882/jehe.13.2.189 Background: In recent years, the management and treatment of greywater have become critical environmental challenges due to the presence of non-biodegradable pollutants that conventional wastewater treatment methods fail to fully remove. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of a hybrid approach combining adsorption using iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) and advanced chemical oxidation with UV/H₂O₂ for greywater treatment. Materials and Methods: Greywater samples were first treated with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles under optimized conditions: pH=5, contact time of 40 minutes, and adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g/L. Subsequently, UV/H₂O₂ oxidation was applied to enhance removal efficiency. Results: Adsorption alone achieved removal efficiencies of 57% for COD, 36% for BOD, 7.5% for TKN, and 60% for TP. Following UV/H₂O₂ oxidation, COD removal increased to over 93%, reducing residual COD to 12.1 mg/L. The process showed optimal performance at lower pH levels 4 to 5, while H₂O₂ concentrations up to 7 mM improved oxidation efficiency without significant enhancement beyond this level. Conclusion: The integration of physical adsorption and advanced oxidation not only overcomes the limitations of conventional methods but also meets environmental discharge standards. With high efficiency and relatively low operational costs, this dual-stage method offers a sustainable solution for greywater management in urban and industrial settings. greywater, hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet, treatment, oxidation, SBR http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1106-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1106-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 13 2 2025 7 1 Review of the environmental health status of mosques in the city of Eyvan in 2023 204 214 FA Anis Aghaei Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran N 0009-0003-1016-5167 Arasteh Rostami Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran N 0009-0003-4399-8296 Mohammad Darvishmotevalli Health, Safety, and Environment Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran N 0000-0003-4587-517X Sajad Mazloomi Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran sajad.mazloomi@yahoo.com Y 0000-0002-6638-9915 10.61882/jehe.13.2.204 Background: Mosques are public places. Like other similar places, it is essential to observe hygiene standards there due to the visits of various groups of people. Failure to observe hygiene standards turns mosques into a breeding ground for the spread of pathogens and endangers the health of the general public. The purpose of this research was to investigate the environmental health status of mosques in the city of Eyvan in 2023. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study was all 10 mosques in the city of Eyvan, which were surveyed as a census. In this study, a standard checklist designed for mosque inspection approved by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education was used, and the necessary information was collected. In order to complete the aforementioned checklist, the health records of mosques in health centers were reviewed. Finally, Excel software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the mosques in Eyvan city were 30, 80, and 80 percent compliant with the regulations in terms of personal hygiene, tools and equipment hygiene, and building hygiene, respectively. Overall, 60% of the parameters of the mosques under review matched the checklist and scored above 75. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, increasing the supervision of environmental health experts, training mosque attendants and worshipers, and using the capacity of donors to provide some hygiene items or improve mosque buildings can be very effective in improving the health status of mosques. Environmental health, public places, mosques http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1117-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1117-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 13 2 2025 7 1 Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination of Soils in Agricultural Farms Northeast of Ahvaz in the Veys Region 215 232 FA khoshnaz Payandeh Department of Soil Science, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Khpayandeh@iau.ac.ir Y 0000-0002-1097-8104 Mehdi Forouzanfar Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran N 0000-0002-6440-5731 Ana Pinarelli Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy N 0000-0001-6720-9894 Ahad Nazarpour Department of Geology, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran N 0000-0002-1616-5278 Mohammad Velayatzadeh 4 Young Researchers and Elites Club, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran N 0000-0002-8981-4646 Vahid Mirahi Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran N 0009-0006-0308-4766 10.61882/jehe.13.2.215 Background: The Veys region in Khuzestan Province is one of the important agricultural regions in the northeast of Ahvaz, where various vegetables, herbs, and grains are grown in its fields. The present study was conducted in the autumn of 2024 with the aim of evaluating the status of potentially toxic elements in the soil of agricultural fields in the city of Veys. Materials and Methods: In this study, 80 samples were taken from the surface soils of agricultural fields in the Veys region in the northeast of Ahvaz. A Varian 710-ES ICP-AES atomic absorption-plasma device manufactured by Agilent, USA, was used to measure metals. Results: The average Cf, Cdeg, mCd and PLI of toxic elements in the surface soils of agricultural fields in the city of Veys, northeast of the Ahvaz metropolis were 1.46, 14.41, 2.40 and 1.23. Also, the NIPI and the Er index of toxic elements were calculated to be 5.19 and 260.05. The highest carcinogenic risk index of toxic elements in the surface soils was obtained for chromium metal for children (1.52×10-1) and adults (4.79×10-2). The lowest carcinogenic risk index for adults was for cadmium metal (9.20×10-3) and for children it was for arsenic metal (9×10-2). Conclusion: The values ​​of Cf, Igeo and Er showed that the soils of the studied areas are contaminated with potentially toxic elements. Evaluation of the non-carcinogenic risk index and carcinogenic risk index of potentially toxic elements of surface soils of agricultural fields in the northeastern city of Weiss showed that the elements Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Zn and Cr do not pose a problem for human health. Pollution of agricultural fields, potentially toxic elements, human health risk, ecological hazard http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1118-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1118-en.pdf

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2588-4239 13 2 2025 7 1 Evaluation of the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation process using Mo/ZnO nanoparticles stabilized on pottery in removing natural organic matter from water 233 250 FA Reza Rezaee Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran N 0000-0003-2314-6697 Mahdi Safari Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Safari.m.eng@gmail.com Y 0000-0003-0347-9283 Shahla Yosefi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran N 0009-0005-5277-3800 Shadieh Mohammadi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran N 0000-0002-0711-4305 10.61882/jehe.13.2.233 Background: The presence of organic pollutants in water resources is a serious threat to human health. The photocatalytic degradation process is a novel method for the efficient removal of these pollutants in water purification. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of photocatalytic process using molybdenum/zinc oxide nanoparticles immobilized on clay plates for removing organic matter in water. Materials and Method: This study was carried out experimentally using a laboratory reactor with a volume of 1 liter and equipped with a stirrer, three clay plates coated with nanoparticles  and 5 UV lamps in a discontinuous manner. Zinc oxide and zinc oxide/molybdenum nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis. The effect of operating parameters including initial concentrations of humic acid, contact time, dopant percentage, amount of catalyst, radiation intensity and pH on the removal efficiency of organic matter was investigated. Results: The results showed that with an increase in pH from 3 to 11 and initial concentration of humic acid from 10 to 80 mg/L the efficiency of organic matter removal decreased by 53.7 and 65.5% respectively, but with an increase in the amount of nanoparticles from 2 to 8 mg/cm2, contact time from 10 to 120 minutes, dopant from 0.5 to 2% and radiation intensity from 0.75 to 0.265 w/m2, the efficiency of organic matter removal increased by 33.93, 52.45, 11.7 and 42.02% respectively. In addition, the results showed that under the same conditions, the efficiency of the photocatalytic process for removing organic matter using Mo/ZnO is 22.97% higher than the efficiency of this process with pure ZnO. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be stated that the use of photocatalytic degradation process using molybdenum/zinc oxide nanoparticles is an efficient method to removing organic pollutants in water. Photocatalytic degradation, ZnO, molybdenum, Organic matter, Clay plate, doping http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1120-en.html http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1120-en.pdf