Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2 2 2015 3 1 Batch Experiment of Cu Removal from Aquous Solution by Phragmites Australis Nanostructure 76 88 FA Hoda Kahrizi Masumeh Farasati Ali Bafkar Background: Water and soil pollution by heavy metals is a serious threat to environment and human health. Therefore finding an effective method for removing heavy metals from water is very important. The main objective of this research is to investigate the possibility of removing Cu (II) from aqueous solution using Phragmites australis micro and nanoparticles. Methods: Phragmites australis natural adsorbents were prepared from Khuzestan canebrakes and characterized by PSA, IDEX, SEM and FTIR. The effects of various parameters such as pH, pHpzc, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and primary copper ion concentration on cu removal were studied. Results: The results indicated that the maximum removal of Cu (II) was equal to 80.22 and 90.85% for phragmites australis micro and nanosorbent. Amongst studied kinetic models, the most consistent and the least errors amount was accordance with Elovich model and the correlation coefficient for micro and nanosorbent was 85% and 99%, respectively. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to Langmuir model and the Langmuir adsorption capacity for micro and nanosorbent was equal to 5.23 and 8.59 mg g−1, recpectively. Conclusion: Overally, the results revealed that Phragmites australis nanosorbent can be an attractive option for copper removal from contaminated waters.

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2 2 2015 3 1 Survey Physico-Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sanandaj City Swimming Pools Water 89 97 FA Pegah Bahmani Afshin Maleki Mohammad Salimi Shahram Sadeghi Background: Health of swimming pools is important to maintain health of swimmers that in case of failure to comply of health standards, can be lead to health problems and the transmission of infectious diseases to swimmers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the water quality of swimming pools in Sanandaj city and compare of their results with the national standards. Methods: In this cross – sectional study, 108 water samples were collected from 9 swimming pools of Sanandaj city. Some parameters including residual chlorine, pH, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, temperature and also microbial parameters such as heterotrophic bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, fecal streptococcus, total coliform, and fecal coliform were evaluated. Results: The results of the study showed that residual chlorine, pH, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, and temperature in 80.5%, 72.2%, 60.1%, 52.7%, 30.5%, and 100% of samples, respectively, which were in desirable limit. Also the population of total coliform, fecal coliform, and Staphylococcus aureus in 32.4%, 45.3%, and 96.3% of samples, respectively, were in desirable ranges. Conclusion: Based on the results, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, and also population of total coliform and fecal coliform of some samples didn’t have conformity with standards that indicates the need for continuous monitoring of swimming pools water quality.

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2 2 2015 3 1 Survey Electrocoagulation Process in Removal of Acid Blue 113 Dye from Aqueous Solutions 98 107 FA Hossein Faraji Simin Naseri Abdoliman Amouei Farzad Mohammadi Hamidreza soُSoheilarezomand Amir hossein Mahvi Background: Treatment of textile industry wastewaters, due to having color and many pollutants, is one of the most important environmental issues. Acid Blue 113 dyes because of having benzene ring, which is not biodegradable, is toxic and carcinogen. The main objective of this study was determination of electrochemical process efficacy for removal acid blue 113 from aqueous solutions by using aluminum electrodes in batch reactor. Methods: This study performed in lab-scale in batch reactor. The effect of different parameters such as voltages (10, 20, and 40 volt), electrode distance (0.5 and 1 cm), and electrolysis times (5 to 80 min) was investigated. Results: The results of experiments demonstrated that with applying voltage 40V, 0.5 cm distance between electrodes, electrolyte concentration equal to 5 g/l, and 20 minutes electrolysis time, the color and COD removal rate was 99 and 78%, respectively. By increasing voltage and reaction time and reducing distance between the electrodes, power consumption is reduced and also final pH and dye removal efficiency increased. Conclusion: According to the results, the best removal efficiency of dye was obtained after 20 minutes contact time on the electric potential of 40 V, which was 99%. This process is environmental friendly and can be economically acceptable. Therefore, it can be results that electrocoagulation process by using aluminum electrode is an efficient and suitable method for acid blue 113 dye removal from aqueous solutions.

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2 2 2015 3 1 Removal of Acid Cyanine 5R Dye by Surface Biosorption Process Using Dried Activated Sludge 108 118 FA Reza Shokohi Shahram Sadeghi Kamal Adin Karimian Mohammad Hossien Saghi Background: Dyes have complex molecular structures that are often toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, nonbiodegradable, and stable. Activated sludge is an adsorbents that basically in the biosorption process is an attractive technology for the separation and recycling of pollutants. Using sludge producing from wastewater treatment plants due to having low cost, availability, and reusability is growing. Methods: In this study, the dried activated sludge used for removal of Acid Cyanine 5R with concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L. Effect of adsorbent concentration in weight of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 g/L, contact time, and pH were studied. Results: The results of the experiments showed that by increasing contact time up to 180 min increases dye removal efficiency and then remains constant. Also by increasing adsorbent dose, removal efficiency increased whilst by increasing pH, dye removal decreased. The results also show that the adsorption process follow pseodo second-order kinetic model with R2=0.9988. Conclusions: Due to the low cost and availability of dried activated sludge, it can be used as adsorbent in removal of dye from aqueas solutions.

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2 2 2015 3 1 Determine the Intensity of UV Radiation and H2O2 on the Removal of Methylene Blue from Synthetic Wastewater 119 127 FA Mehdi Hosseini Sajad Mazloomi Sahba Haji Bagher Tehrani Fatemeh Nazari Background: There is a tremendous amount of color in textile wastewater that discharge it to the environment can cause a lot of environmental problems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the photocatalytic process UV/H2O2 to remove methylene blue dye from synthetic wastewater. Methods: UVC lamp was used as light source. In this study the effect of UV light intensity, irradiation distance, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and reaction time on the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions were studied. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18 and excel software. Results: The result showed that with increasing concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the color removal increases. Color removal changes were negligible at H2O2 concentration more than 5 mM. After 10 minutes reaction time at H2O2 concentration of 1 mm, efficiency of UVC/H2O2 is equal to 36.6%. Whilst at 5 mM concentration, removal efficiency is 89.2%. By increasing intensity of UV radiation, dye removal measure is also was increased, as the highest percentage of dye removal was obtained at 24 W radiation intensity. Conclusion: in present study, type of radiation and measure of hydrogen peroxide were the main factors in removal of methylene blue. Due to high efficiency of UVC/H2O2 process in removal of dye from aqueous solution, this method can use as an efficient process for removal of dye.

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2 2 2015 3 1 Survey the Efficiency of Iron- Coated pumice in Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solutions 128 140 FA Mohammad Reza Samarghandi Monireh Tarlani azar Razieh Mehranpoor Mahnaz Ahmadian Background: Shortage of fluoride in water sources leads to numerous health problems. Also excess fluoride concentration is a more serious threat for health of community. Thus investigating of various physical, chemical, and biological processes for excess fluoride reduction from water supplies is considerable. This study aimed to reduce fluoride ion concentration from aqueous solutions by adsorption process by iron-coated pumice. Methods: Firstly, the pumice pieces were grinded and sized. After several preparation stages pumice particles were covered by 0.5 N iron nitrates (III) solution. Then the effect of parameters including pH (2-10), reaction time (5-120 min), initial fluoride concentration (3– 20 mg/L), and the adsorbent dose (0.1-1.5 g/L) on removal efficiency of fluoride were investigated in a batch system. Finally adsorption isotherms and kinetics models were determined. Results: The results showed that the removal of fluoride increased by increasing of reaction time and adsorbent dose, and reduced by increasing of initial fluoride concentration. The Iron coated pumice exhibited the best performance for fluoride removal (84.3%) at fluoride concentration 3 mg/L, adsorbent dose 0.5 g/L, pH= 6, and contact time 30 min. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model (R2= 0.9989), and kinetic adsorption study showed that pseudo-second order kinetic is more favorable. Conclusion: According to results, the iron-coated pumice is an efficient, low cost and available adsorbent that can be considered for eliminating of fluoride ions from aqueous solutions.

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2 2 2015 3 1 Optimization of Coagulation Process Using Alum and Ferric Chloride for Surface Water Treatment 141 153 FA Hassan Aslani Mahmood Ali Mohammadi Babak Mahmoodi Bahareh Ghoreishi Mohammad Khazaei Maryam Ghani Masoomeh Askari Background: Water scarcity and increasing demand for various applications has led to more attention to the treatment and using potential resources. Surface water is one of water resources in the societies. In the present study, the performance of two coagulants, Alum and Ferric chloride, was considered to determine turbidity, color, COD, and microbial reduction in the surface waters in Tehran. Methods: Sampling was carried out from two surface waters named Sorkhehesar and Salehabad, during summer, fall, and winter. After optimization of coagulant dosage and pH, jar test experiments were conducted, and turbidity, COD, color, and microbial changes were considered. Results: Turbidity range in Sorkhehesar and Salehabad was between 91 and 500 NTU, and 35 to 400 NTU, respectively. Optimized dose of alum for summer, fall, and winter was 45, 100, and 35 mg/L, respectively, while in case of ferric chloride the optimized dose for three studied seasons was 5, 70, and 10 mg/L. Optimized dose of alum and ferric chloride in Salehabad, was determined as 28, 115, 2 and 30, 65, and 5 mg/L. Turbidity removal efficiency using both coagulants was higher than 95 percent, and color was totally removed in all experimented conditions. Conclusion: From the stand point of turbidity, color, and COD removal both alum and ferric chloride showed the same results, however, ferric chloride dose was lower than alum. In case of turbidity removal alum showed higher removal efficiency, while for COD reduction upon the conditions, e.g. seasonal variation, alum and ferric chloride performance was not the same and was varied accordingly.

Alborz University of Medical Sciences Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2383-3211 2 2 2015 3 1 The Effect of Phytoremediation and Bioaugmentation on the Removal of Phenanthrene and Pyrene from Contaminated Soil 154 165 FA Mohammad Mehdi Baneshi Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary Ahmad Jonidi Jafari Simin Nasseri Nemat Jafarzadeh Emad Dehghanifard In this study, the efficiency of phytoremediation on soils contaminated by Phenanthrene and Pyrene as well as the impact of bioaugmentation and nonionic surfactant Tween80 on its performance was evaluated by sorghum and Onobrychis sativa. Soils collected from the pastures of Kohkiluyeh and Boyerahmad province in Iran, with concentrations of 100 and 300 mg per kg of Phenanthrene and Pyrene, which were separately and combined (9 levels) contaminated, and 1.5 kg of soil was poured in each pot in different conditions of natural, bioaugmented and surfactant separately and combined (12 cases), were a total of 108 cases, with three replications (324 pot) for 120 days were considered in a similar condition to the field. At last, the concentration of Phenanthrene and Pyrene of soil samples was measured by HPLC to determine the amount and rate of removal. Also, microbial population of soil and Rhizosphere was counted. The results showed that both plants significantly improved the removal of Phenanthrene and Pyrene from soil. Bioaugmentation and nonionic surfactant Tween80 increased the removal efficiency. In the composition of plants, bioaugmentation and the surfactant showed significant increase, so as removal of 99.4% and 98% for Onobrychis sativa, and 96.5% and 99% with sorghum were achieved for the Phenanthrene and Pyrene, respectively. The study showed that both sorghum and Onobrychis sativa had a good performance in phytoremediation of contaminated soils by Phenanthrene and Pyrene, and addition of bioaugmentation and surfactants improved the removal of Phenanthrene and Pyrene to nearly complete.