1 2383-3211 alborz university of medical sciences 196 Special Identification and Classification of Risks and Potential Events by using Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method (PHA) in Kermanshah Oil Refinery Kakaei Hojatollah Jafari Nodoushan Reza Kamalvandi Maede Azad Parvin Normohammadi Parvin Kakaei Zahra 1 12 2015 3 1 1 9 07 03 2016 07 03 2016 Background: humans are always trying to improve the lives and comfort, and in this way with the acquisition of materials, equipment, devices and technology as well as the additional and new risks exposure. Identification of these risks could have a role in reducing complications. PHA method implementation can help to identify and classify the risks and the events. Method: This cross - sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah Oil Refinery. The most important tools used in the study preliminary risk analysis, is risk checklist. In this regard, valuable resources are identified and listed, and then the acceptable risk levels and the scope of the assessment were defined. In the next phase, the system hazards were identification, and levels and numbers of risks were calculated. Results: This study examined 23 refinery units, and a total of 447 risks were identified. The results showed that unacceptable risk levels with 6.4% and the adverse risk levels with 49.22% was lowest and highest risk percent, respectively. The highest number of risk associated with the refining unit with 81 and the lowest was in the Electrical warehouse unit with 2 cases. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that were the most of risks identified in the adverse levels. To reduce risk level and improve safety, the use of appropriate methods and corrective measures to eliminate, reduce or control risks is essential.
197 Special Microbiological Quality Trend of Drinking Water in Rural Areas of Kermanshah during 2004-2013 Atafar Zahra Almasi Ali Sarkhosh Maryam Dargahi Abdollah 1 12 2015 3 1 10 19 07 03 2016 07 03 2016 Backgrounds and Aims: Human health depends more than anything else to clean water and sanitation, thus safety of drinking water is one of the most important community health aspects. The objective of this study was determining microbial quality trend of drinking water in rural area of Kermanshah during 2004-2013. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive–analytical study. Ten years references laboratory data from Kermanshah Health Center were obtained.  Total coliform, termotolerant coliform and residual chlorine of drinking water samples have been analyzed statistically using SPSS Ver.16.and Excel software. Results: Base on water quality assessment of Kermanshah, the microbial contamination percent of villages covered by ABFAR decreased from 44% in 2004 to 20% in 2013, whereas in noncovered villages decreased from 70% to 47% during the same time. Contamination rate was lower than the summer time during the winter time. Free chlorine residual testing of drinking water among all studied area improved from 33% to 75% during ten years period. Conclusion: During last ten years, microbial contamination has been decreased more rapidly in covered villages than non-covered. However, there is still a long distance from the ideal situation. Based on the WHO recommendations on evaluation of microbial safety of drinking water, the average desirable of the bacteriological quality of drinking water in the villages covered by ABFAR in the ten-year period was determined well in winter and bad in summer. These conditions for non-covered villages, was determined moderate in winter and bad in summer. According to chlorination role in water safety, restrict supervision is necessary to provide public health. 198 Special Evaluation of relative risk and attributed proportion due to exposure to Nitrogen dioxide in Ahwaz, Kermanshah, Iran (western half of Iran) during 2013 Zalaghi Elaheh Geravandi Sahar Norizadeh hadad Mehdi Goudarzi Gholam Reza Shirbeigi Esmat Alavi Saiedeh Shaghayegh Mohammadi Mohammad Javad 1 12 2015 3 1 20 28 07 03 2016 07 03 2016 Backgrounds and Objectives: Air pollution is very important because of every human being inhales an average of 10 m3 air and its impact on human health. The objective of this study was to evaluating the compare to relative risk and attributed proportion exposure to Nitrogen dioxide in the western half of Iran during 2013. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Ahvaz, Kermanshah and Bushehr during 2012. In the present study, Data’s was taken from Department of Environment (ADoE) and meteorological organizations of the studied cities. After processing and modification on the basis of meteorological data, data were converted as input file to the Air Q model. Finally, by using epidemiologic formulas such as relative risk (RR) and attributed proportion (AP) estimated the health effects of NO2 in the three studied cites were estimated. Results: Based on result, the total accumulative number of cardiovascular death attributed to exposure with NO2 in the studied cities was in Ahvaz, Kermanshah Bushehr 45,51 and 6, respectively . According to the research findings, the relative risk of NO2 were estimated attributed to cardiovascular death 1.002. Results showed that the maximum and minimum number of obstructive pulmonary disease attributed to NO2 were observed in Kermanshah and Bushehr with 26 and 5 cases. Conclusions: The high percentage of cardiovascular mortality and respiratory mortality in Kermanshah can result due to this higher average NO2 in comparison with Ahvaz and Bushehr. 199 Special Application of Agricultural Waste for Adsorption Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies Balarak Davoud Bazrafshan Edris Kord Mostafapour Ferdos 1 12 2015 3 1 29 41 07 03 2016 07 03 2016 Bisphenol A is classified as a toxic and priority hazardous compound; it is required to be degraded prior to discharging the contaminated streams to the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is investigation of Bisphenol A adsorption by biomass agricultural waste Rice straw. Material and methods: This study was performed in laboratory at batch scale. The effects of different parameters including contact time, pH, Bisphenol A initial concentration and biomass dosage were studied for removal of Bisphenol A. All experiments were repeated triplicate and then adsorption isotherms and kinetics of different models were analyzed by comparing the coefficient of determination. The concentration of Bisphenol A was measured by HPLC. Results: The results indicated that by increasing of contact time and dose of adsorbent the amount of bisphenol adsorption increases, so that by increasing contact time from 10 to 75 min, the adsorption increased from 38.3% to 96.9% and by increasing adsorbent dosage from 1 to 5 gr/L adsorption increased from 35.5% to 94.9%. The adsorption was increased by decreasing of initial concentration of bisphenol A and the pH of 3 was the best for bisphenol A removal. The adsorption data was best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model.  The Langmuir equation and pseudo- second order model showed the best fit for the experimental data Conclusion:  The results showed that the agricultural waste Rice straw can be used as a high efficiency and inexpensive adsorbent for  treatment of industrial effluent.  200 Special Evaluation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Compounds Degradation by Indigenous Bacteria Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Gilavand Farhad Ebrahimipour Gholamhossein Karkhane Maryam Marzban Abdolrazagh 1 12 2015 3 1 42 50 07 03 2016 07 03 2016 Background:  The major of this study was to isolate oil-degrading bacteria from soil contaminated with petroleum and examining the removal of hydrocarbons by these bacteria. Methods: Oil-degrading colonies were purified from the samples obtained of around Ahvaz oil wells. Organic matter degradation was investigated with 1 g of crude oil in basal salt medium (BSM) as sole carbon source. The growth rate was determined through total protein assay and hydrocarbon consuming was measured through organic carbon oxidation and titration by dichromate as oxidizing agent. Results: Two potential isolates named S1 and S2 strains were screened and identified as Planococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As results for S1 and S2 could degrade 80.86 and 65.6% of olive oil, 59.6 and 35.33 of crude oil, while 32 and 26.15 % of coal tar were consumed during 14 days incubation. Conclusion: The results of this investigation showed these indigenous strains high capability to biodegradation at short time and are desirable alternatives for treatment of oil pollutants. 201 Special Survey of Biological Wastewater Sludge Biocompost for organizing and disinfectingof Khuzestan Oil Field Drill Cutting Takdastan Afshin Hosseini Panah Elham Neisi Abdalkazem 1 12 2015 3 1 51 60 07 03 2016 07 03 2016 Background and objective: Hydrocarbon compounds from the drilling fluid and the formations containing these compounds enter into the drill cuttings. Toxicity​and complex nature of this type of pollution causes environmental pollution and it can be dangerouse for human health. The objective of this paper was survey of biological wastewater sludge biocompost for organizing and disinfecting of khuzestan oil field drill cutting. Methods: In this study, the effect of a mixture of biological sludge and drill cuttings containing TPH with a 1:1 ratio, along with sawdust and horticultural waste was examined in order to do biocompost processes. The degradation time in this study was nearly 60 days in pilot chamber, and in addition to the TPH, the pH, volatile solids, C/N and temperature levels were measured, and eall tests conducted as triplicate. Statistical Studies were done in EXCEL and SPSS software with significant confidence interval at 95%. Results: The results showed that the mean of TPH in the drilling cutting in Khuzestan oil field was 42.004 g/kg that it has arrived to 18.77 g/kg during 2 months of biocompost biological process with biological sludge in the ratio of 1 to 1. Conclusion: The petroleum hydrocarbons are major parts of contaminants in drilling industry, so biological processes as a suitable process and environmental friendly are available for organizing and disinfecting of drilling cutting. 202 Special The Monte Carlo Simulation of the Absorbed Equivalent Dose in Humans Modeling Due to Tehran Research Reactor and Radioactive Gases Released from It Yousefzadeh Hassanluei Tohid Rezaei Rayeni Nezhad Mohammad Reza Hassanzadeh Mostafa 1 12 2015 3 1 61 68 07 03 2016 07 03 2016  In this study, the annual and monthly equivalent dose of the operation of the Tehran Research Reactor in a human phantom in the pool and surrounding areas as well as the dome from the fission of radioactive gases (Kr, Xe, Cs, Ar, S, N, C, K, I) and suspended particulates emitted by the pool, were calculated by MCNPX code. The results show that the exposed doses by workers at the top and around the pool, when the limit was of the order of 408 hours and 1836 hours per year or speed of the air in such a way that the activity of gases given off by the pool,  were reduced to 10% and 80% of the reported values explained by FSAR, respectively. 203 Special The Efficiency of Xylene Removal from Air Stream by Using Catalytic Ozonation Process with Modified Pumice with Mg(NO3)2 Samarghandi Mohammad Reza Asgari Ghorban Rahmani Alireza Daraee Zahra 1 12 2015 3 1 69 80 07 03 2016 07 03 2016 Background: Xylene is a volatile organic compound That cause central nervous system disorder and suspected cancer. Concern of occupational exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been increasing. Thus before being discharged to the environment, it must be treated from polluted air stream. Methods: The research study is of the experimental type and was carried out on a laboratory scale. The experimental equipmen including of an air compressor, silicagel filters and activated charcoal, Syringe Pump, an ozone generation and a fixed bed reactor. The sampling, xylene analyzing in samples were done with 1501 Niosh Manual Analytic Method  by GC equipped with FID detector The performance of catalytic ozonation process was compared with that of single adsorption and ozonation in removal of several concentration of xylene under the similar experimental conditions. Results: The results indicated that the catalytic ozonation concentration increased from 50 to 200 ppm, absorption break point and removal of xylene from hybrid reactor decreased from 12 to 8 h, while this time was between 9 and 5 h for pumice. When pumice and ozone come together, their synergistic effects increased on xylene degradation. Also the efficiency of absorbent decreased with the concentration increase of xylene. Conclusion: With regard to high efficiency of catalytic ozonation process and increasing the xylene removal, the catalytic ozonation process is suggested as a promising and alternative technology for elimination of VOCs from the polluted air stream.