Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2025)
J Environ Health Eng 2025, 13(2): 118-133 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Bovard L, Mohammadi Roozbahani M. Investigation of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Ni and Fe in the leaves of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum): A case study of Amirkabir Company farms. J Environ Health Eng 2025; 13 (2) :118-133
URL: http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1110-en.html
URL: http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1110-en.html
Department of Environment, Ahv.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran , Mmohammadiroozbahani@iau.ac.ir
Abstract: (1 Views)
Background: Plants are one of the biological indicators that can be used to determine the state of heavy metal pollution in the soil. This study was conducted in 2024 with the aim of bio-investigating the heavy metals Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) at Amirkabir Agriculture and Industry Company.
Materials and Methods: According to the farms of Amirkabir Agriculture and Industry Company, 6 stations were selected, from which 18 soil samples and 36 leaf samples were collected randomly with 3 replications from 4 different geographical directions. In order to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in leaves, the bioaccumulation coefficient was used.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the soil and washed and unwashed sugarcane leaves in six stations (P<0.05). The concentration of Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni in soil samples was higher than in Saccharum officinarum. Also, in six stations, the concentration of heavy metals in unwashed leaves was higher than in washed leaves. The highest average concentration of heavy metals in plants among the four metals studied belonged to Fe (198.08±3.68 mg kg-1) and the lowest concentration belonged to Cd (4.86±0.33 mg kg-1). The average bioaccumulation coefficients of Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni were 0.95, 0.62, 0.26 and 0.77, respectively.
Conclusion: The bioaccumulation coefficient values of heavy metals were less than 1. Pb had the highest and Fe the lowest bioaccumulation coefficient, so it can be concluded that sugarcane has the potential to phytoremediate Pb.
Materials and Methods: According to the farms of Amirkabir Agriculture and Industry Company, 6 stations were selected, from which 18 soil samples and 36 leaf samples were collected randomly with 3 replications from 4 different geographical directions. In order to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in leaves, the bioaccumulation coefficient was used.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the soil and washed and unwashed sugarcane leaves in six stations (P<0.05). The concentration of Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni in soil samples was higher than in Saccharum officinarum. Also, in six stations, the concentration of heavy metals in unwashed leaves was higher than in washed leaves. The highest average concentration of heavy metals in plants among the four metals studied belonged to Fe (198.08±3.68 mg kg-1) and the lowest concentration belonged to Cd (4.86±0.33 mg kg-1). The average bioaccumulation coefficients of Pb, Cd, Fe and Ni were 0.95, 0.62, 0.26 and 0.77, respectively.
Conclusion: The bioaccumulation coefficient values of heavy metals were less than 1. Pb had the highest and Fe the lowest bioaccumulation coefficient, so it can be concluded that sugarcane has the potential to phytoremediate Pb.
Keywords: Plant leaf contamination, heavy metal toxicity, bioaccumulation index, sugarcane phytoremediation
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/04/28 | Accepted: 2025/06/2 | Published: 2025/07/16
Received: 2025/04/28 | Accepted: 2025/06/2 | Published: 2025/07/16
References
1. Mekassa B, Etana E, Merga LB. Proximate analysis, levels of trace heavy metals and associated human health risk assessments of Ethiopian white sugars. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2024;16:101086. [DOI:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101086]
2. Fareed G, Baig JA, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Akhtar K, Solangi IB. Heavy metals contamination levels in the products of sugar industry along with their impact from sugar to the end users. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2024;104(10):2407-16. [DOI:10.1080/03067319.2022.2062238]
3. Mitra S, Chakraborty AJ, Tareq AM, Emran TB, Nainu F, Khusro A, Idris AM, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Alhumaydhi FA, Simal-Gandara J. Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. Journal of King Saud University-Science. 2022;34(3):101865. [DOI:10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865]
4. Shahkarami S, Goudarzi F, Amiri-Ardekani E, Dehghani S. Heavy metals contamination in two species of medicinal plants in the Iranian market. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2023;103(19):8532-41. [DOI:10.1080/03067319.2021.1990903]
5. Alissa EM, Ferns GA. Potential Cardioprotective Effects of Functional Foods. Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements: Processing Effects and Health Benefits. 2014; 6:463-87. [DOI:10.1002/9781118227800.ch17]
6. Zeheyrifar S, Mohammadi Rozbahani M. Investigating the bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium and nickel in Soil and Beta vulgaris and Daucus Carota in the agricultural fields of Shush city. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2024; 11 (4): 443-455. [In Persian]. [DOI:10.61186/jehe.11.4.443]
7. Shaker Koohi S, Rabiee M. Effect of intercropping on the Cd accumulation in soil and rice plants: A review. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2024; 11 (3): 287-301. [In Persian]. [DOI:10.61186/jehe.11.3.287]
8. Alcivar M, Vinueza E, Pernia B, Álvarez-Montero X, Gallardo A. Contamination by Cadmium and Lead in Sugarcane and Its Derived Products in Ecuador. Agriculture. 2024;14(12):2121. [DOI:10.3390/agriculture14122121]
9. Kumar S, Islam R, Akash PB, Khan MH, Proshad R, Karmoker J, MacFarlane GR. Lead (Pb) contamination in agricultural products and human health risk assessment in Bangladesh. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2022;233(7):257. [DOI:10.1007/s11270-022-05711-9]
10. Kalbati Mosavi S A, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M, Attar roshan S. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution using biological markers of Prosopis juliflora and palm Phoenix dactylifera trees around Ahvaz Shadgan Steel Factory. Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 2024; 11 (2): 130-145. [In Persian]. [DOI:10.61186/jehe.11.2.130]
11. Antonkiewicz J, Jasiewicz C, Koncewicz-Baran M, Sendor R. Nickel bioaccumulation by the chosen plant species. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2016; 38: 1-1. [DOI:10.1007/s11738-016-2062-5]
12. Iyaka YA. Nickel in soils: A review of its distribution and impacts. Scientific Research and Essays. 2011; 6(33): 6774-6777. [DOI:10.5897/SREX11.035]
13. Colombo C, Palumbo G, He JZ, Pinton R, Cesco S. Review on iron availability in soil: interaction of Fe minerals, plants, and microbes. Journal of soils and sediments. 2014;14:538-48. [DOI:10.1007/s11368-013-0814-z]
14. Patra A, Sharma VK, Jatav HS, Dutta A, Rekwar RK, Chattopadhyay A, Trivedi A, Mohapatra KK, Anil AS. Iron in the soil-plant-human continuum. InFrontiers in Plant-Soil Interaction 2021; (pp. 531-546). Academic Press. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-323-90943-3.00009-2]
15. Abbaszadeh H, Mohammadi Roozbahani M, Sobhanardakani S. Use of Ziziphus spina-christi and Prosopis cineraria leaves as bio-indicators of environmental pollution emitted from industrial areas. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2019; 12 (1): 87-100. [In Persian].
16. Tahmasbpur H, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M. Biosorption of Lead (II) from Aquatic Solutions Using Leaves of Saccharum Officinarum. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2024; 10(2): 11-23. [In Persian].
17. Rafati, M., Mohammadi Rozbahani, M. And Naseri Monfared, H. 2021. Accumulation of heavy metals (lead and nickel) by the soil and leaves of Albizia lebbeck and Conocarpus erectus from the city of Ahwaz. Journal of Forest and Wood Products 73 (4), 379-387. [In Persian].
18. Torkashvand, V., Mohammadi Rouzbahni, M. and Babaeinezhad, T. 2018. Survey of heavy metals (Pb,Ni,Cr,Cd ) bio-accumulation in the leaves of (Albizia lebbek and Eucalyotus camadulensis) (case stady: Iran National Steel Industrial Group). Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences 6 (1), 33-43. [In Persian].
19. Vodyanitskii YN. Standards for the contents of heavy metals in soils of some states. Annals of agrarian science. 2016;14(3):257-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.aasci.2016.08.011]
20. Ogundele DT, Adio AA, Oludele OE. Heavy metal concentrations in plants and soil along heavy traffic roads in North Central Nigeria. Journal of environmental & analytical toxicology. 2015;5(6):1.
21. Choomanee P, Bualert S, Thongyen T, Salao S, W Szymanski W, Rungratanaubon T. Vertical variation of carbonaceous aerosols within the PM2.5 fraction in Bangkok, Thailand. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2020;20(1): 43-52. [DOI:10.4209/aaqr.2019.04.0192]
22. Hussain U, Afza R, Gul I, Sajad MA, Shah GM, Muhammad Z, Khan SM. Phytoremediation of heavy metals spiked soil by Celosia argentea L.: effect on plant growth and metal stabilization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2024;31(10):15339-15347. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-024-32176-6]
23. Asiminicesei DM, Fertu DI, Gavrilescu M. Impact of heavy metal pollution in the environment on the metabolic profile of medicinal plants and their therapeutic potential. Plants. 2024;13(6):913. [DOI:10.3390/plants13060913]
24. Atta MI, Zehra SS, Dai DQ, Ali H, Naveed K, Ali I, Sarwar M, Ali B, Iqbal R, Bawazeer S, Abdel-Hameed UK. Amassing of heavy metals in soils, vegetables and crop plants irrigated with wastewater: Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Frontiers in plant science. 2023;13:1080635. [DOI:10.3389/fpls.2022.1080635]
25. Bahemuka TE, Mubofu EB. Heavy metals in edible green vegetables grown along the sites of the Sinza and Msimbazi rivers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Food Chemistry. 1999;66(1):63 -6. [DOI:10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00213-1]
26. Johnson CM, Ulrich A. 2. Analytical methods for use in plant analysis. Bulletin of the California agricultural experiment station. 1959.
27. Kimbrough DE, Wakakuwa JR. Acid digestion for sediments, sludges, soils, and solid wastes. A proposed alternative to EPA SW 846 Method 3050. Environmental Science & Technology. 1989;23(7): 898 -900. [DOI:10.1021/es00065a021]
28. Yoon J, Cao X, Zhou Q, Ma LQ. Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Science of the Total Environment. 2006; 368(2-3): 456 -464. [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.016]
29. Mortazavi S, Ghasemi Aghbash F, Naderi Motiy R. The feasibility of biomonitoring of heavy metals by wooden species of urban areas. Forest Research and Development. 2019;5(1):55-71.
30. Pourkhabbaz HR, Javanmardi S. Determination of heavy metal concentration in vegetation around cement factory of Behbahan by using plant bioindicators. Journal of Geographic Space. 2018; 18 (62): 19-29.
31. Celik A, Kartal AA, Akdoğan A, Kaska Y. Determining the heavy metal pollution in Denizli (Turkey) by using Robinio pseudo-acacia L. Environment international. 2005;31(1):105-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2004.07.004]
32. Aricak B, Çetin M, Erdem R, Sevik H, Cometen H. The change of some heavy metal concentrations in Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris) depending on traffic density, organelle and washing. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research. 2019;17(3): 6723-6734. [DOI:10.15666/aeer/1703_67236734]
33. Sevik H, Cetin M, Ozel HB, Ozel S, Zeren Cetin I. Changes in heavy metal accumulation in some edible landscape plants depending on traffic density. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2020;192:1-9. [DOI:10.1007/s10661-019-8041-8]
34. Habibi S, Behrouzi M, Nohegar A. Measurement and evaluation of heavy metal accumulation in soil and leaves of three tree species (Azadirachta indica, Conocarpus Erectus L. and Prosopis juliflora) in Bandar Abbas. Environmental Sciences. 2023;21(3):267-88. [In Persian].
35. Schreck E, Foucault Y, Sarret G, Sobanska S, Cécillon L, Castrec-Rouelle M, Uzu G, Dumat C. Metal and metalloid foliar uptake by various plant species exposed to atmospheric industrial fallout: mechanisms involved for lead. Science of the Total Environment. 2012;427:253-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.051]
36. De Temmerman L, Ruttens A, Waegeneers N. Impact of atmospheric deposition of As, Cd and Pb on their concentration in carrot and celeriac. Environmental Pollution. 2012;166:187-195. [DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.032]
37. Pierzynski GM, Vance GF, Sims JT. Soils and environmental quality. CRC press; 2005. [DOI:10.1201/b12786]
38. Bohemen HV, Janssen Van De Laak WH. The influence of road infrastructure and traffic on soil, water, and air quality. Environmental management. 2003;31:0050-68. [DOI:10.1007/s00267-002-2802-8]
39. Sulaiman M, Purayil FT, Krishankumar S, Kurup SS, Pessarakli M. Accumulation of toxic elements in soil and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) through fertilizer application. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 2021;44(7):958-69. [DOI:10.1080/01904167.2020.1866604]
40. Stojic N, Štrbac S, Curcic L, Pucarevic M, Prokic D, Stepanov J, Stojic G. Exploring the impact of transportation on heavy metal pollution: A comparative study of trains and cars. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2023;125:103966. [DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2023.103966]
41. Pour Gholam Khabaz A, Mohammadi Ruzbahani M. The study of the traceability of lead heavy metal in the leaves of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus microtheca) and Burhan (Albizia lebbeck) trees in Shush city. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2024;9(4):403-416. [In Persian].
42. Xu G, Deng C, Wang J, Zhu H, Sun Z, Wang X, Zhu K, Yin J, Tang Z. Lead bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution and chemical form in sugarcane and its potential for phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2020;26(5):1175-1187. [DOI:10.1080/10807039.2018.1543016]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
