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Hatami-manesh M, Moradi A. Biomonitoring and source identification of heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cr, Cu and Ni) in urban and industrial areas of Yasuj city using platanus orientalis leaves and Principal component analysis (PCA). J Environ Health Eng 2026; 14 :131-152
URL: http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1151-en.html
URL: http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1151-en.html
1- General Department of Environmental Protection of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province & Department of Environmental , Masoud_hatami68@yahoo.com
2- Yasuj University & Yasuj University
2- Yasuj University & Yasuj University
Abstract: (4 Views)
Introduction: Nowadays, due to the toxicity and ecological risks of heavy metals in the anthropogenic environments, it is essential to measure their concentrations and determine their sources. Therefore, in the present study, the source and biological monitoring of heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cr, Cu and Ni) in urban and industrial areas were determined using the leaves of Platanus orientalis, Additionally, the ecological risk of these metals in the surface soils of Yasouj city was evaluated.
Methods: Sampling of Platanus orientalis leaves was conducted in ten urban areas and four industrial towns along with the soil of these areas (at a total of 46 stations (. After preparation and acid digestion of the samples, the concentration of heavy metals was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Also, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the heavy metal concentrations in Platanus orientalis leaves in two urban and industrial areas.
Results: The overall mean concentration trend of heavy metals in leaves was observed the same in both urban and industrial areas, following the order Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni. In industrial and urban areas, the concentrations of Cr (31.03±15.19, 28.89±10.09), Pb (23.64±14.79, 20.11±2.81), Cu (14.46±18.6, 32.6±10.4) and Ni (8.32±4.93, 27.07±5.82) mg/kg were obtained, respectively. The ecological risk of metals indicated a low level of soil contamination status. The findings showed that the Comprehensive Bio-concentration Index (CBCI) of metals was measured in the range of 0.10 (control station) and 0.77 (polluted areas), and the highest values of the metal accumulation index (MAI) were obtained at 10.9 in urban areas. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the two urban and industrial areas had a significant overlap, and according to the first component of the PCA analysis, Ni and Cr, and based on the second component, Pb and Cu metals are originated from related sources.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the spatial distribution of metals accumulated in Platanus orientalis leaves and the surface soils of different areas of Yasuj city varies depending on the source of pollution, the type and amount of local human activities, and the intensity of transportation. In addition, the results of PCA show that the concentrations of heavy metals in Platanus orientalis leaves in both urban and industrial areas have approximately the same origin. This correlation is mainly due to traffic emissions, transportation industry, and industries related to fossil fuel consumption.
Methods: Sampling of Platanus orientalis leaves was conducted in ten urban areas and four industrial towns along with the soil of these areas (at a total of 46 stations (. After preparation and acid digestion of the samples, the concentration of heavy metals was determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Also, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the heavy metal concentrations in Platanus orientalis leaves in two urban and industrial areas.
Results: The overall mean concentration trend of heavy metals in leaves was observed the same in both urban and industrial areas, following the order Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni. In industrial and urban areas, the concentrations of Cr (31.03±15.19, 28.89±10.09), Pb (23.64±14.79, 20.11±2.81), Cu (14.46±18.6, 32.6±10.4) and Ni (8.32±4.93, 27.07±5.82) mg/kg were obtained, respectively. The ecological risk of metals indicated a low level of soil contamination status. The findings showed that the Comprehensive Bio-concentration Index (CBCI) of metals was measured in the range of 0.10 (control station) and 0.77 (polluted areas), and the highest values of the metal accumulation index (MAI) were obtained at 10.9 in urban areas. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the two urban and industrial areas had a significant overlap, and according to the first component of the PCA analysis, Ni and Cr, and based on the second component, Pb and Cu metals are originated from related sources.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the spatial distribution of metals accumulated in Platanus orientalis leaves and the surface soils of different areas of Yasuj city varies depending on the source of pollution, the type and amount of local human activities, and the intensity of transportation. In addition, the results of PCA show that the concentrations of heavy metals in Platanus orientalis leaves in both urban and industrial areas have approximately the same origin. This correlation is mainly due to traffic emissions, transportation industry, and industries related to fossil fuel consumption.
Keywords: Biomonitoring, Heavy Metals, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Comprehensive Bio-concentration Indix (CBCI) And Metal Accumulation Index (MAI), Yasuj City
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2026/01/30 | Accepted: 2026/07/27 | Published: 2026/08/29
Received: 2026/01/30 | Accepted: 2026/07/27 | Published: 2026/08/29
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