دوره 11، شماره 4 - ( 6-1403 )                   جلد 11 شماره 4 صفحات 421-406 | برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها


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Abid M, Armand N, Ejtehadi M, Pourjafar A. **The Government's Civil Liability for Public Health and Citizens' Well-being (Case Study: Dust Storms in Khuzestan Province)**. J Environ Health Eng 2024; 11 (4) :406-421
URL: http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1025-fa.html
آبید محمد، آرمند نظام، اجتهادی محمد، پورجعفر عبدالحمید. مسئولیت مدنی دولت در قبال ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ و سلامت شهروندان (مطالعه موردی؛ ریزگردههای استان خوزستان). مجله مهندسی بهداشت محیط. 1403; 11 (4) :406-421

URL: http://jehe.abzums.ac.ir/article-1-1025-fa.html


گروه حقوق و فقه، پژوهشکده تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی، سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی(سمت)، تهران، ایران
چکیده:   (506 مشاهده)
زمینه و هدف: ریزگردها در استان خوزستان و تهدید سلامت شهروندان، موضوع مسئولیت مدنی دولت در نظام حقوقی ما را به صورت جدی مطرح نمود. مبانی متعددی برای مسئول تلقی نمودن دولت مطرح است که از آن جمله می توان به تقصیر و تسبیب اشاره نمود. هدف، معرفی نظریه قابلیت استناد، به عنوان مبنای مسئولیت دولت در این زمینه می باشد.
مواد و روش ها: روش تحقیق در این مقاله، روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و مبتنی بر تحلیل مقررات فقهی و حقوقی می باشد.
یافته ها: ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻧـﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آلودگی ناشی از ریزگردها علاوه بر ﻣﺨـﺎﻃﺮات ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ، منجر به بیماری هایی نظیر: ﺳﻴﻨﻮزﻳﺖ، ﺑﺮوﻧﺸﻴﺖ، آﺳﻢ و آﻟﺮژی، و ایجاد اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔـﺮدد. یافته ها نشان داد که نظریات مطرح شده در مبانی مسئولیت مدنی در فقه امامیه(اتلاف، تسبیب) و حقوق موضوعه(قانون اساسی، قانون مسئولیت مدنی)، قاعده تسبیب، و نظریه تقصیر در نظام حقوقی، به خوبی می تواند مبنای مسئولیت مدنی دولت در قبال خسارت های ناشی از ریزگردهای استان خوزستان مورد استناد قرار گیرد.
نتیجه گیری: دولت در قبال ریزگردها با مدیریت صحیح قبل از حادثه مانند؛ مدیریت کانون های بحرانی ریزگرد، تقویت پوشش گیاهی و مالچ(Mulch) پاشی کانون‌های ریزگرد، استفاده صحیح از منابع آبی، آموزش و ... و بعد از حادثه(مدیریت بحران) می تواند میزان خسارات را تقلیل دهد، بنابراین دولت مسئولیت مدنی دارد؛ چرا که طبق قانون اساسی دولت ملزم به تأمین بهداشت و سلامت برای مردم بوده و اگر برای دولت مسئولیتی قائل نشویم وضعیت بهداشت عمومی و سلامت شهروندان به مخاطره، و تبعات سوئی به همراه خواهد داشت.
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نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: تخصصي
دریافت: 1402/11/8 | پذیرش: 1403/7/16 | انتشار: 1403/8/23

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